CN109827871A - A kind of atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption - Google Patents
A kind of atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption that the invention discloses a kind of, the system is located in vacuum chamber (8), the system comprises: x-ray source (1), SDD detector (2), high-precision coordinate instrument (3), the first X-ray shield cover (4), the second X-ray shield cover (5) and controller and number adopt processing terminal (6)；The SDD detector (2) and x-ray source (1) are coaxial staggered relatively；The x-ray source (1), for X-ray source needed for providing measurement；The SDD detector (2) counts for receiving X-ray energy spectrum, and energy calibration, quantum efficiency calibration, dead time calibration, angle of divergence calibration are carried out to it, obtains calibrated X-ray energy spectrum and counts；The controller and number adopt processing terminal (6), for carrying out Bayesian Estimation according to the counting of calibrated X-ray energy spectrum and X-ray Poisson statistics Maximum-likelihood estimation, obtain surface air density.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to space exploration technical field, in particular to a kind of atmospheric density based on X-ray absorption measures system
System.
Background technique
With the development of international airline space technology, the re-entry space vehicle across atmosphere is rapidly developed in recent years, across
The re-entry space vehicle of atmosphere is a kind of aircraft of flying height span within the scope of entire atmosphere, and countries in the world are led herein
Research extensively and profoundly is carried out in domain.Since the re-entry space vehicle cruising altitude across atmosphere is within the scope of entire atmosphere, because
This, Middle and upper atmosphere structural parameters are to the design of the re-entry space vehicle across atmosphere, test and using with great influence.Especially
It is that rarefied atmosphere density on the middle and senior level is to re-entry space vehicle aerodynamic force, Aerodynamic Heating great significance for design across atmosphere.
Traditional atmospheric density measuring system specifically includes that laser radar and in-situ investigation；These detection means are only capable of reality
Now measurement height is tens km magnitudes；But traditional atmospheric density measuring system can not be completely covered across atmosphere
Re-entry space vehicle cruising altitude range is unable to reach this altitude range of tens kms to 100 kms.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of atmosphere based on X-ray absorption is provided
Density measurement system, within the system, atmosphere X-ray absorption occur only at inner-shell electron, in atmospheric density inverting, number
Processing is relatively simple, inversion accuracy is high；The system is used for Middle and upper atmosphere density measure Proof-Of Principle, on the middle and senior level to provide
The new tool of atmospheric density detection.
To achieve the goals above, the atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption that the invention proposes a kind of, this is
System is located in vacuum chamber 8, can make for obtaining the atmospheric environment of vacuum environment or different densities, such as in vacuum
Pressure in vacuum tank takes any pressure values of the 101325Pa to 1e-3Pa within the scope of this；The system comprises: x-ray source 1,
SDD detector 2, high-precision coordinate instrument 3, the first X-ray shield cover 4, the second X-ray shield cover 5 and controller and number adopt processing
Terminal 6；The SDD detector 2 and x-ray source 1 are coaxial staggered relatively, and the distance that equidistant increase is between the two；
The x-ray source 1 for X-ray source needed for providing measurement, and issues x-ray photon；
The SDD detector 2, for receiving the X-ray energy spectrum after Gaseous attenuation behind each shift position
It counts, and carries out energy calibration, quantum efficiency calibration, dead time calibration, angle of divergence calibration to it, obtain calibrated X-ray
Power spectrum counts；
The high-precision coordinate instrument 3, for measuring the position coordinates of x-ray source 1 and SDD detector 2 respectively, and then obtains
Path length of the X-ray after Gaseous attenuation；
The first X-ray shield cover 4, be located at x-ray source 1 side, for the radiation around x-ray source 1 into
Row shielding；
The second X-ray shield cover 5 is located at the other side of x-ray source 1, and opposite with the first X-ray shield cover 4,
For being shielded to the radiation around x-ray source 1
The controller and number adopt processing terminal 6, unite for being counted according to calibrated X-ray energy spectrum with X-ray Poisson
Maximum-likelihood estimation is counted, Bayesian Estimation is carried out, obtains surface air density.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the SDD detector specifically includes:
The SDD detector 2 axial line distance range coaxial staggered relatively and between the two with x-ray source 1 is 0-2m；
The SDD detector 2 is moved from proximal and distal along axis direction, i.e., SDD detector 2 is opened from from 1 closer location of x-ray source
Begin, successively equally spacedly to mobile apart from 1 larger distance direction of x-ray source, and record every time it is mobile after corresponding position
Coordinate, obtain every time it is mobile after the received X-ray energy spectrum counting after Gaseous attenuation of institute, and energy is carried out to it
Calibration, quantum efficiency calibration, dead time calibration, angle of divergence calibration, obtain calibrated X-ray energy spectrum and count, is i.e. SDD detector
The true X-ray energy spectrum received counts.
Wherein, the power spectrum obtained by SDD detector is counted and carries out energy calibration, specifically included: detected to by SDD
The power spectrum that device 2 obtains, which counts, carries out energy calibration, and then X-ray port number is converted to X-ray energy.Due to SDD detector 2
The abscissa that the initial power spectrum obtained counts is port number, and ordinate is that X-ray energy spectrum counts；Therefore, it is necessary to passing through SDD
The power spectrum that detector 2 obtains, which counts, carries out energy calibration, and the X-ray port number of abscissa is converted to X-ray energy, is finally obtained
Obtaining abscissa is energy, and ordinate is that X-ray energy spectrum counts.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the SDD detector 2 specifically includes:
Receiving unit is counted for receiving the X-ray energy spectrum after Gaseous attenuation behind each shift position,
Energy calibration unit counts for the X-ray energy spectrum to each shift position and carries out energy calibration, obtains and moves every time
X-ray energy spectrum after the energy calibration of dynamic position counts；
Dead time demarcates unit, when carrying out dead for the X-ray energy spectrum counting after the energy calibration to each shift position
Between demarcate, the dead time calibrated X-ray energy spectrum for obtaining each shift position counts；
Quantum efficiency demarcates unit, counts and carries out for the dead time calibrated X-ray energy spectrum to each shift position
Quantum efficiency calibration, the calibrated X-ray energy spectrum of quantum efficiency for obtaining each shift position count；
The angle of divergence demarcates unit, counts and carries out for the calibrated X-ray energy spectrum of quantum efficiency to each shift position
Angle of divergence calibration obtains calibrated X-ray energy spectrum and counts.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the x-ray source 1 and the x-ray source controller being located at outside vacuum chamber 8
7 are connected, and are adjusted and control for intensity, the energy range to x-ray source 1, to obtain corresponding experimental situation.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the SDD detector 2 and the controller and number that are located at outside vacuum chamber 8
Processing terminal 6 is adopted to be connected；The controller is adopted processing terminal 6 with number and is specifically included:
Data acquisition module, for acquiring the calibrated X-ray energy spectrum for passing through the different location that SDD detector 2 obtains
It counts, and is saved as data file.
Controller, for controlling the shift position of SDD detector 2；Specifically, the shifting of control SDD detector 2 from the near to the distant
It is dynamic；Wherein, the controller is FTC-200；
Data processing module is estimated for being counted according to calibrated X-ray energy spectrum with X-ray Poisson statistics maximum likelihood
Meter carries out Bayesian Estimation, according to the Carlow Markov Chain Meng Teka algorithm, obtains surface air density.Specifically, the X
Ray Poisson statistics Maximum-likelihood estimation specifically includes:
According to Beer law, the attenuation I that x-ray photon transmits in an atmosphere is obtainedMi；Wherein, x-ray source issues X
Ray photons,
IMi=I0e-τ (1)
Wherein, I0It is counted for the power spectrum at x-ray source minimum distance of SDD detector；τ is optical thickness；According to
Formula (6), calculating optical thicl ness T；
Wherein, α is the unknown parameter for needing to be fitted；LiFor the distance between SDD detector and x-ray source；βN2, βO2,
βCO2, βArIt respectively corresponds as N2、O2、CO2, tetra- kinds of gas componants of Ar volume parts；μN2, μO2, μCO2, μArRespectively N2、O2、
CO2, tetra- kinds of gas componants of Ar absorption cross-section；N2、O2、CO2, tetra- kinds of gas componants of Ar absorption cross-section be with x-ray photon
Energy variation and a kind of corresponding relationship for changing, wherein calculated using NIST database corresponding with the energy of x-ray photon
Absorption cross-section, and it is stored as data file；Including the energy and N of x-ray photon in the data file2、O2、CO2、Ar
The absorption cross-section of four kinds of gas componants；Wherein, the energy and N of x-ray photon2、O2、CO2, tetra- kinds of gas componants of Ar absorption cut
It is one-to-one relationship between face；
Then the attenuation I transmitted in an atmosphere further according to the x-ray photon of acquisitionMi；According to formula (3) and X-ray
The Poisson statistics property of photon counting obtains Poisson statistics Maximum-likelihood estimation lnL；
LnL=∑i(IilnIMi-IMi-lnIi！) (3)
Wherein, IiIt is counted for the calibrated power spectrum that SDD detector receives；lnIi！For IiThe logarithm of factorial.
The controller and number adopt processing terminal 6, are also used to acquire the spectrum curve that SDD detector 2 detects, and energy
The spectrum curve shape that enough real-time display energy spectrums are 1keV-30keV.
The controller, which adopts processing terminal 6 with number, can need arbitrarily to carry out simultaneously road to 8192 energy channels according to experiment,
To obtain suitable resolution ratio and enough signal-to-noise ratio；The largest passages number of SDD detector is 8192.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the energy spectrum of the x-ray source 1 is 0.5keV~15keV, and X
Radiographic source 1 can continuously emit the X-ray radiation that energy spectrum is 1.0keV-50keV；Specifically, X-ray energy can be according to reality
Needs are tested, are continuously adjusted in the energy spectrum of above-mentioned 0.5keV~15keV；X-ray source 1 can need any setting according to experiment
The time of integration needed, to reach the signal-to-noise ratio needs that experiment needs.Wherein, the power spectrum channel of SDD detector is 8192, and
It can be needed to carry out simultaneously road according to experiment；It is when x-ray source 1 is fixed on during the experiment on some coordinate, then stringent to remember
Record the position coordinates of the light-emitting window of x-ray source at this time.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the detection energy spectrum of the SDD detector 2 is 1.0keV-
30keV；Specifically, the SDD detector 2 can provide the gamma-spectrometric data that energy spectrum is 1.0keV-30keV, energy resolution
For 145eV.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the coordinate range of the high-precision coordinate instrument 3 is 0~2m, and minimum is carved
Degree is micron；Wherein, the high-precision coordinate instrument 3 can need the installation for carrying out any position to fix according to experiment, to match
The position adjustment of SDD detector 2 is closed, to not influence the stability of high-precision coordinate instrument 3, to reach the mesh for improving measurement accuracy
's.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the first X-ray shield cover 4 and the second X-ray shield cover 5 are used for
Radiation useless, extra outside x-ray source 1 is shielded, achievees the purpose that protection；In addition, the first X-ray shield cover
4 and second X-ray shield cover 5 installation site and installation direction can arbitrarily be adjusted according to experiment demand.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the vacuum chamber 8 is for providing required for atmospheric density absorption experiment
Atmospheric density environment, by vacuum chamber is vacuumized/any atmospheric density ring less than an atmospheric pressure may be implemented in air inlet
Border condition.The final vacuum of vacuum chamber 8 is 1e-3Pa, and according to experiment can need that vacuum degree is adjusted.
The present invention has the advantages that
When atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption of the invention is transmitted in an atmosphere using X-ray radiation
Sink effect directly obtains atmospheric density by attenuation by absorption rate inverting.Conventional method needs to measure temperature and pressure, the present invention
Patent system is simple for structure compact, easy to operate, it is only necessary to which the X-ray energy spectrum after measurement decaying counts, and overcomes conventional method
System structure and the disadvantage for calculating complexity avoid the defect that the prior art needs while measuring temperature and pressure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption of the invention.
Appended drawing reference:
1, x-ray source 2, SDD detector
3, high-precision coordinate instrument 4, the first X-ray shield cover
5, the second X-ray shield cover 6, controller and number adopt terminal
7, x-ray source controller 8, vacuum chamber
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention proposes a kind of atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption, the system are located at
In vacuum chamber 8, for obtaining the atmospheric environment of vacuum environment or different densities, such as vacuum tank can be made in vacuum
Interior pressure takes any pressure values of the 101325Pa to 1e-3Pa within the scope of this；The system comprises: x-ray source 1, SDD are visited
It surveys device 2, high-precision coordinate instrument 3, the first X-ray shield cover 4, the second X-ray shield cover 5 and controller and number adopts processing terminal 6；
The SDD detector 2 and x-ray source 1 are coaxial staggered relatively, and the distance that equidistant increase is between the two；
The x-ray source 1 for X-ray source needed for providing measurement, and issues x-ray photon；
The SDD detector 2, for receiving the X-ray energy spectrum after Gaseous attenuation behind each shift position
It counts, and carries out energy calibration, quantum efficiency calibration, dead time calibration, angle of divergence calibration to it, obtain calibrated X-ray
Power spectrum counts；
The high-precision coordinate instrument 3, for measuring the position coordinates of x-ray source 1 and SDD detector 2 respectively, and then obtains
Path length of the X-ray after Gaseous attenuation；
The first X-ray shield cover 4, be located at x-ray source 1 side, for the radiation around x-ray source 1 into
Row shielding；
The second X-ray shield cover 5 is located at the other side of x-ray source 1, and opposite with the first X-ray shield cover 4,
For being shielded to the radiation around x-ray source 1
The controller and number adopt processing terminal 6, unite for being counted according to calibrated X-ray energy spectrum with X-ray Poisson
Maximum-likelihood estimation is counted, Bayesian Estimation is carried out, obtains surface air density.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the SDD detector specifically includes:
The SDD detector 2 axial line distance range coaxial staggered relatively and between the two with x-ray source 1 is 0-2m；
The SDD detector 2 is moved from proximal and distal along axis direction, i.e., SDD detector 2 is opened from from 1 closer location of x-ray source
Begin, successively equally spacedly to mobile apart from 1 larger distance direction of x-ray source, and record every time it is mobile after corresponding position
Coordinate, obtain every time it is mobile after the received X-ray energy spectrum counting after Gaseous attenuation of institute, and energy is carried out to it
Calibration, quantum efficiency calibration, dead time calibration, angle of divergence calibration, obtain calibrated X-ray energy spectrum and count, is i.e. SDD detector
The true X-ray energy spectrum received counts.
Wherein, the power spectrum obtained by SDD detector is counted and carries out energy calibration, specifically included: detected to by SDD
The power spectrum that device 2 obtains, which counts, carries out energy calibration, and then X-ray port number is converted to X-ray energy.Due to SDD detector 2
The abscissa that the initial power spectrum obtained counts is port number, and ordinate is that X-ray energy spectrum counts；Therefore, it is necessary to passing through SDD
The power spectrum that detector 2 obtains, which counts, carries out energy calibration, and the X-ray port number of abscissa is converted to X-ray energy, is finally obtained
Obtaining abscissa is energy, and ordinate is that X-ray energy spectrum counts.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the SDD detector 2 specifically includes:
Receiving unit is counted for receiving the X-ray energy spectrum after Gaseous attenuation behind each shift position,
Energy calibration unit counts for the X-ray energy spectrum to each shift position and carries out energy calibration, obtains and moves every time
X-ray energy spectrum after the energy calibration of dynamic position counts；
Dead time demarcates unit, when carrying out dead for the X-ray energy spectrum counting after the energy calibration to each shift position
Between demarcate, the dead time calibrated X-ray energy spectrum for obtaining each shift position counts；
Quantum efficiency demarcates unit, counts and carries out for the dead time calibrated X-ray energy spectrum to each shift position
Quantum efficiency calibration, the calibrated X-ray energy spectrum of quantum efficiency for obtaining each shift position count；
The angle of divergence demarcates unit, counts and carries out for the calibrated X-ray energy spectrum of quantum efficiency to each shift position
Angle of divergence calibration obtains calibrated X-ray energy spectrum and counts.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the x-ray source 1 and the x-ray source controller being located at outside vacuum chamber 8
7 are connected, and are adjusted and control for intensity, the energy range to x-ray source 1, to obtain corresponding experimental situation.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the SDD detector 2 and the controller and number that are located at outside vacuum chamber 8
Processing terminal 6 is adopted to be connected；The controller is adopted processing terminal 6 with number and is specifically included:
Data acquisition module, for acquiring the calibrated X-ray energy spectrum for passing through the different location that SDD detector 2 obtains
It counts, and is saved as data file.
Controller, for controlling the shift position of SDD detector 2；Specifically, the shifting of control SDD detector 2 from the near to the distant
It is dynamic；Wherein, the controller is FTC-200；
Data processing module is estimated for being counted according to calibrated X-ray energy spectrum with X-ray Poisson statistics maximum likelihood
Meter carries out Bayesian Estimation, according to the Carlow Markov Chain Meng Teka algorithm, obtains surface air density.Specifically, the X
Ray Poisson statistics Maximum-likelihood estimation specifically includes:
According to Beer law, the attenuation I that x-ray photon transmits in an atmosphere is obtainedMi；Wherein, x-ray source issues X
Ray photons,
IMi=I0e-τ (1)
Wherein, I0It is counted for the power spectrum at x-ray source minimum distance of SDD detector, i.e. the diverging of SDD detector
The calibrated power spectrum in angle counts；τ is optical thickness；According to formula (6), calculating optical thicl ness T；
Wherein, α is the unknown parameter for needing to be fitted；LiFor the distance between SDD detector and x-ray source；βN2, βO2,
βCO2, βArIt respectively corresponds as N2、O2、CO2, tetra- kinds of gas componants of Ar volume parts；μN2, μO2, μCO2, μArRespectively N2、O2、
CO2, tetra- kinds of gas componants of Ar absorption cross-section；N2、O2、CO2, tetra- kinds of gas componants of Ar absorption cross-section be with x-ray photon
Energy variation and a kind of corresponding relationship for changing, wherein calculated using NIST database corresponding with the energy of x-ray photon
Absorption cross-section, and it is stored as data file；Including the energy and N of x-ray photon in the data file2、O2、CO2、Ar
The absorption cross-section of four kinds of gas componants；Wherein, the energy and N of x-ray photon2、O2、CO2, tetra- kinds of gas componants of Ar absorption cut
It is one-to-one relationship between face；
Then the attenuation I transmitted in an atmosphere further according to the x-ray photon of acquisitionMi；According to formula (3) and X-ray
The Poisson statistics property of photon counting obtains Poisson statistics Maximum-likelihood estimation lnL；
LnL=∑i(IilnIMi-IMi-lnIi！) (3)
Wherein, Ii is that the calibrated power spectrum that SDD detector receives counts；lnIi！For IiThe logarithm of factorial.
Wherein, it according to formula (4), obtains the calibrated power spectrum of the angle of divergence and counts:
Wherein, IiIt is counted for the calibrated power spectrum of the angle of divergence of SDD detector；EfFor the quantum efficiency of SDD detector measurement
Calibrated power spectrum counts；r0For the initial position co-ordinates of SDD detector；riFor the position coordinates of SDD detector i-th measurement.
Wherein, it according to formula (5), obtains the calibrated power spectrum of quantum efficiency and counts Ef；
Ef=Em/η (5)
Wherein, EmIt is counted for dead time calibrated power spectrum；EfIt is counted for the calibrated power spectrum of quantum efficiency；η is quantum effect
Rate.
According to formula (6), obtains dead time calibrated power spectrum and count Em；
Em=Ei/(1-td) (6)
Wherein, EiIt is counted for the power spectrum after energy calibration in step 4), i.e., the power spectrum before dead time calibration counts；tdIt is dead
Time；η is the quantum efficiency of SDD detector.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the controller and number adopt processing terminal 6, are also used to acquire SDD spy
Survey the spectrum curve that detects of device 2, and can real-time display energy spectrum be 1keV-30keV spectrum curve shape.
The controller, which adopts processing terminal 6 with number, can need arbitrarily to carry out simultaneously road to 8192 energy channels according to experiment,
To obtain suitable resolution ratio and enough signal-to-noise ratio；The largest passages number of SDD detector is 8192.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the energy spectrum of the x-ray source 1 is 0.5keV~15keV, and X
Radiographic source 1 can continuously emit the X-ray radiation that energy spectrum is 1.0keV-50keV；Specifically, X-ray energy can be according to reality
Needs are tested, are continuously adjusted in the energy spectrum of above-mentioned 0.5keV~15keV, and can choose a certain individual energy channel；X
The time of integration that radiographic source 1 can need any setting to need according to experiment, to reach the signal-to-noise ratio needs that experiment needs.Wherein, X
The power spectrum channel of radiographic source 1 is 8192, and can be needed to carry out simultaneously road according to experiment；When x-ray source 1 is solid during the experiment
When being scheduled on some coordinate, then the position coordinates of the light-emitting window of x-ray source at this time are strictly recorded.Wherein, the maximum of x-ray source
It is 8192 that port number, which is 8192,.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the detection energy spectrum of the SDD detector 2 is 1.0keV-
30keV；Specifically, the SDD detector 2 can provide the gamma-spectrometric data that energy spectrum is 1.0keV-30keV, energy resolution
For 145eV.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the coordinate range of the high-precision coordinate instrument 3 is 0~2m, and minimum is carved
Degree is micron；Wherein, the high-precision coordinate instrument 3 can need the installation for carrying out any position to fix according to experiment, to match
The position adjustment of SDD detector 2 is closed, to not influence the stability of high-precision coordinate instrument 3, to reach the mesh for improving measurement accuracy
's.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the first X-ray shield cover 4 and the second X-ray shield cover 5 are used for
Radiation useless, extra outside x-ray source 1 is shielded, achievees the purpose that protection；In addition, the first X-ray shield cover
4 and second X-ray shield cover 5 installation site and installation direction can arbitrarily be adjusted according to experiment demand.
One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the vacuum chamber 8 is for providing required for atmospheric density absorption experiment
Atmospheric density environment, by vacuum chamber is vacuumized/any atmospheric density ring less than an atmospheric pressure may be implemented in air inlet
Border condition.The final vacuum of vacuum chamber 8 is 1e-3Pa, and according to experiment can need that vacuum degree is adjusted.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that, to technical side of the invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption, which is located in vacuum chamber (8), which is characterized in that institute
The system of stating includes: that x-ray source (1), SDD detector (2), high-precision coordinate instrument (3), the first X-ray shield cover (4), the 2nd X are penetrated
Line shielding case (5) and controller and number adopt processing terminal (6)；The SDD detector (2) and x-ray source (1) are coaxial opposite to be put
It sets, and the distance that equidistant increase is between the two；
The x-ray source (1) for X-ray source needed for providing measurement, and issues x-ray photon；
The SDD detector (2), based on the X-ray energy spectrum after Gaseous attenuation after receiving each shift position
Number, and energy calibration, quantum efficiency calibration, dead time calibration, angle of divergence calibration are carried out to it, obtain calibrated X-ray energy
Spectrum counts；
The high-precision coordinate instrument (3) for measuring the position coordinates of x-ray source (1) and SDD detector (2) respectively, and then obtains
To path length of the X-ray after Gaseous attenuation；
The first X-ray shield cover (4) is located at the side of x-ray source (1), for the radiation around x-ray source (1)
It is shielded；
The second X-ray shield cover (5), be located at x-ray source (1) the other side, and with first X-ray shield cover (4) phase
It is right, for being shielded to the radiation around x-ray source (1)；
The controller and number adopt processing terminal (6), for being counted and X-ray Poisson statistics according to calibrated X-ray energy spectrum
Maximum-likelihood estimation carries out Bayesian Estimation, obtains surface air density.
2. the atmospheric density measuring system according to claim 1 based on X-ray absorption, which is characterized in that the SDD is visited
The axial line distance range surveyed between device (2) and x-ray source (1) is 0-2m；The SDD detector (2) is from proximal and distal along axis
Direction is mobile, and records the corresponding position coordinates after movement every time.
3. the atmospheric density measuring system according to claim 2 based on X-ray absorption, which is characterized in that the SDD is visited
Device (2) are surveyed to specifically include:
Receiving unit is counted for receiving the X-ray energy spectrum after Gaseous attenuation behind each shift position,
Energy calibration unit counts for the X-ray energy spectrum to each shift position and carries out energy calibration, obtains every time mobile position
X-ray energy spectrum after the energy calibration set counts；
Dead time demarcates unit, counts for the X-ray energy spectrum after the energy calibration to each shift position and carries out dead time mark
Fixed, the dead time calibrated X-ray energy spectrum for obtaining each shift position counts；
Quantum efficiency demarcates unit, counts for the dead time calibrated X-ray energy spectrum to each shift position and carries out quantum
Efficiency calibration, the calibrated X-ray energy spectrum of quantum efficiency for obtaining each shift position count；
The angle of divergence demarcates unit, dissipates for the calibrated X-ray energy spectrum counting of quantum efficiency to each shift position
Footmark is fixed, obtains calibrated X-ray energy spectrum and counts.
4. the atmospheric density measuring system according to claim 1 based on X-ray absorption, which is characterized in that the system
Further include: x-ray source controller (7)；The x-ray source (1) is connected with the x-ray source controller (7) of vacuum chamber (8) outside is located at
It connects, for intensity, the energy range of x-ray source (1) to be adjusted.
5. the atmospheric density measuring system according to claim 1 based on X-ray absorption, which is characterized in that the SDD is visited
Survey device (2) be located at the controller of vacuum chamber (8) outside and adopt processing terminal (6) with several and be connected；The controller and number adopt processing
Terminal (6) specifically includes:
Data acquisition module, for acquiring the calibrated X-ray of the different shift positions obtained by SDD detector (2)
Power spectrum counts, and is saved as data file；
Controller, for controlling the shift position of SDD detector (2)；
Data processing module, for according to calibrated X-ray energy spectrum count and X-ray Poisson statistics Maximum-likelihood estimation, into
Row Bayesian Estimation obtains surface air density.
6. the atmospheric density measuring system according to claim 4 based on X-ray absorption, which is characterized in that the X-ray
Poisson statistics Maximum-likelihood estimation specifically:
According to Beer law, the attenuation I that x-ray photon transmits in an atmosphere is obtainedMi；Wherein, x-ray source issues X-ray
Photon,
IMi=I0e-τ (1)
Wherein, I0It is counted for the power spectrum of SDD detector distance x-ray source distance most nearby；τ is optical thickness；
According to the Poisson statistics property that formula (3) and x-ray photon count, Poisson statistics Maximum-likelihood estimation lnL is obtained；
LnL=∑i(IilnIMi-IMi-lnIi！) (3)
Wherein, IiIt is counted for the calibrated power spectrum that SDD detector receives.
7. the atmospheric density measuring system according to claim 1 based on X-ray absorption, which is characterized in that the X-ray
The energy spectrum in source (1) is 0.5keV~15keV, and it is 1.0keV-50keV's that x-ray source (1), which can continuously emit energy spectrum,
X-ray radiation.
8. the atmospheric density measuring system according to claim 1 based on X-ray absorption, which is characterized in that the SDD is visited
The detection energy spectrum for surveying device (2) is 1.0keV-30keV, energy resolution 145eV.
9. the atmospheric density measuring system according to claim 1 based on X-ray absorption, which is characterized in that described high-precision
The coordinate range for spending coordinatograph (3) is 0~2m, and minimum scale is micron.
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| CN201910182367.2A CN109827871B (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | Atmospheric density measurement system based on X-ray absorption |
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