CN108195854A - A kind of X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method - Google Patents
A kind of X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108195854A CN108195854A CN201711428433.7A CN201711428433A CN108195854A CN 108195854 A CN108195854 A CN 108195854A CN 201711428433 A CN201711428433 A CN 201711428433A CN 108195854 A CN108195854 A CN 108195854A
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Abstract
The present embodiments relate to a kind of X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method, detection method includes：A, the position of X-ray machine, vacuum tube and ionisation chamber is adjusted；B, X-ray machine is opened, measures the first ionization current I1；C, measurement and the temperature value T in vacuum tube is recorded1With atmospheric pressure value P1；D, vacuum tube is carried out by vacuum pump vacuumizing operation；E, in a state that vacuum tube is evacuated, the second ionization current I is measured2；F, the temperature value T of the vacuum tube after measurement and record vacuumize2With atmospheric pressure value P2；G, according to temperature value T1, atmospheric pressure value P1, temperature value T2With atmospheric pressure value P2, obtain vacuumizing the knots modification Δ d of the air quality thickness in front and rear vacuum tubem；H, according to the first ionization current I1, the second ionization current I2With the knots modification Δ d of air quality thicknessm, X ray air attenuation coefficient μ is calculatedm.The present invention measures X ray air attenuation coefficient using vacuumizing method, and easy to operate, experimental data is precisely reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique more particularly to a kind of X ray air attenuation coefficient detection methods.
Background technology
When reappearing X ray air kerma unit in ionising radiation metering, usually using free-air ionization chamber, but
It is that there are distances with actual spot of measurement for defining point when free-air ionization chamber is to the progress absolute measurement of X ray air kerma
Difference, therefore, the ionization electricity that is obtained with measurement point determines the air kerma amount of defining point, it is necessary to which this range difference is drawn
The attenuation of air risen is corrected.X ray air-attenuation amendment is larger in free-air ionization chamber's reproduction air kerma
Correction term, be affected to total modifying factor uncertainty.Therefore, it is extremely important to the measurement of X ray air-attenuation.
In the prior art, generally use measures X ray air quality attenuation coefficient to determine air-attenuation modifying factor,
Wherein, the method for measuring X ray air attenuation coefficient is mainly displacement distance method, still, it is empty to survey X ray using displacement distance method
Gas attenuation coefficient needs to keep the front and rear X ray fluence for entering ionisation chamber of displacement distance consistent, and distance hair during the experiment
After raw change, the X ray fluence into ionisation chamber is difficult to be consistent, and laboratory operating procedures are more complicated.
Invention content
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of X ray easy to operate, being easy to control
Air attenuation coefficient detection method.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method, the detection methods
Including：
Step A, adjust the position of X-ray machine, vacuum tube and ionisation chamber, make the X ray exit portal of the X-ray machine center and
The center of the X ray entrance port of the ionisation chamber is on the central axis of the vacuum tube；
Step B, the X-ray machine is opened, emits X ray, the X ray, which is worn, penetrates the vacuum tube, and by the vacuum tube
It after injection, is absorbed by the ionisation chamber, measures the first ionization current I1；
Step C, it measures and records the temperature value T in the vacuum tube1With atmospheric pressure value P1；
Step D, the vacuum tube is carried out by vacuum pump vacuumizing operation；
Step E, in a state that the vacuum tube is evacuated, the X ray, which is worn, penetrates the vacuum tube, and by described true
After blank pipe projects, absorbed by the ionisation chamber, measure the second ionization current I2；
Step F, the temperature value T of the vacuum tube after measurement and record vacuumize2With atmospheric pressure value P2；
Step G, according to the temperature value T1, atmospheric pressure value P1With the temperature value T2With atmospheric pressure value P2, obtain vacuumizing front and rear
The vacuum tube in air quality thickness knots modification Δ dm；The knots modification Δ d of the air quality thicknessmCalculating it is public
Formula is：
In formula,
L：The length of the vacuum tube；
ρs：Atmospheric density in the case where temperature value is 293.15K, atmospheric pressure value is 101.325kPa；
Step H, the first ionization current I measured according to step B1, the second ionization current I for measuring of step E2
With the knots modification Δ d of the air quality thickness calculated in step Gm, X ray air attenuation coefficient μ is calculatedm；It is described
X ray air attenuation coefficient μmCalculation formula be：
Preferably, the step A is specifically included：
The position of the fixed X-ray machine, adjusts infrared laser beam, and the infrared laser beam is made to be directed at the X-ray machine
The X ray exit portal center；
The position of the vacuum tube is adjusted according to the infrared laser beam so that the central axis of the vacuum tube
It is overlapped with the infrared laser beam；
Adjust the position of ionisation chamber so that swash with the infrared ray at the center of the X ray entrance port of the ionisation chamber
Beam alignment.
It is further preferred that the position that the vacuum tube is adjusted according to the infrared laser beam so that described true
The central axis of blank pipe is overlapped with the infrared laser beam to be specifically included：
The position of the installing plate of the mounting bracket of the vacuum tube is adjusted according to the infrared laser beam, makes the installation
The upper plane centreline of plate is overlapped with the infrared laser beam；
The vacuum tube is mounted at the upper planar central of the installing plate；
By adjusting the height of the mounting bracket, the height of the vacuum tube is adjusted so that the center of the vacuum tube
Axis is overlapped with the infrared laser beam.
Preferably, before the X ray is worn and penetrates the vacuum tube, the method further includes：The X ray is limited
Beam processing.
Preferably, the ionisation chamber uses X ray free-air ionization chamber.
X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention replaces traditional shifting using vacuumizing method
Dynamic Furthest Neighbor, is directly changed air quality thickness by vacuum tube during the experiment, avoids the change of distance, solve shifting
In dynamic Furthest Neighbor the problem of the more difficult control of ionisation chamber X ray injection rate, Examination on experimental operation is simple, and this experimental method is in equipment
It can be taken multiple measurements after fixed installation, repeatability is high, and experimental data is accurate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is X ray attenuation of air used by X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
The structure diagram of coefficient detection device；
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
The present embodiments relate to the X ray air attenuation coefficient detection methods of offer, and X ray is measured using vacuumizing method
Air attenuation coefficient is directly changed air quality thickness by vacuum tube, easy to operate, and experimentation is easy to control.
X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method the present embodiments relate to offer is needed in detection process using X
Ray air attenuation coefficient detection device, as shown in Figure 1.Understand that the present embodiments relate to the X ray provided skies to be more convenient
Laboured breathing subtracts coefficient detection method, its used X ray air attenuation coefficient detection device is briefly described below.
X ray air attenuation coefficient detection device specifically includes：It is X-ray machine 1, optical table 2, vacuum tube 3, ionisation chamber 4, true
Sky pump 5, film rule 6, vacuum measuring gauge 7, temperature sensor 8, temperature controller 9, mounting bracket 10, installing plate 11, grating 13 and wave
Line pipe 15.
X-ray machine 1 provides x-ray source, is placed on optical table 2, ionisation chamber 4 is realized to the absolute of x-ray photon flux
It measures, can be ionized room 4 by the X ray that guarantee X-ray machine 1 is emitted is received, in the X ray entrance port 14 of ionisation chamber 4
The heart is aligned with the center of the X ray exit portal 12 of X-ray machine 1.
Between X-ray machine 1 and ionisation chamber 4 be equipped with vacuum tube 3, vacuum pump 5 by be suitable for measure low pressure and sensitivity it is higher
Bellows 15 be connected with the vacuum orifice of vacuum tube 3, vacuum pump 5 carries out vacuum tube 3 to vacuumize operation, it is preferred that make
The chamber pressure stabilization in vacuum tube 3 is obtained under a stationary value, bellows is equipped in the junction of vacuum pump 5 and bellows 15
Shut-off valve (not shown), bellows stop valve can adjust effective pumping speed of this device to vacuum tube 3, meanwhile, using into
The size that the bellows stop valve of gas adjusts air inflow makes in vacuum tube 3 pressure stability in the pressure value of need of work.Except this it
Outside, the X ray to avoid the transmitting of X-ray machine 1 can be irradiated to the marginal portion of the beryllium window of vacuum tube 3, experimental data be influenced, in X-ray
Grating 13 can also be added between the X ray exit portal 12 of machine 1 and vacuum tube 3, grating 13, which plays, to be in the light, diffuses the work penetrated
With, make experimental data more accurate, and using film rule 6 measure vacuum tubes 3 in pressure, pass through vacuum measuring gauge 7 display measure
Pressure value, using temperature sensor 8 measure vacuum tube 3 in temperature, and pass through temperature controller 9 display measure temperature number
Value.
Wherein, for convenience of the position of vacuum tube 3 is adjusted, vacuum tube 3 is placed on to the installation branch that can carry out height adjusting
On frame 10, the top of mounting bracket 10 is equipped with installing plate 11, is connected through a screw thread between mounting bracket 10 and installing plate 11, vacuum
Pipe 3 is fixedly mounted on installing plate 11.
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.With reference to Fig. 2
It is shown：
Step 101, the position for adjusting X-ray machine, vacuum tube and ionisation chamber make center and the electricity of the X ray exit portal of X-ray machine
The center of X ray entrance port from room is on the central axis of vacuum tube.
Specifically, the position of X-ray machine is fixed, infrared laser beam is adjusted, makes the X of infrared laser beam alignment X-ray machine
The center of ray exit portal；According to infrared laser beam adjust vacuum tube position so that the central axis of vacuum tube with it is infrared
Line laser Shu Chonghe；Adjust the position of ionisation chamber so that the center of the X ray exit portal of ionisation chamber and infrared laser beam pair
It is accurate.
During one specific, using between infrared laser beam auxiliary adjustment X-ray machine, vacuum tube and ionisation chamber
Relative position relation.First the position of X-ray machine is fixed, and is adjusted in the X ray exit portal of infrared laser beam alignment X-ray machine
The heart, later, according to the infrared laser beam adjustment vacuum tube and the relative position of ionisation chamber after adjusting.Since vacuum tube is mounted on
In adjustable for height mounting bracket, and pass through and connected between installing plate and installation, therefore, first adjusted according to infrared laser beam true
The position of the installing plate of the mounting bracket of blank pipe makes the upper plane centreline of installing plate be overlapped with infrared laser beam, i.e., first adjusts
The installation site of vacuum tube has been saved, then vacuum tube has been mounted at the upper planar central of installing plate, by adjusting mounting bracket
Highly, the height of vacuum tube is adjusted so that the central axis of vacuum tube is overlapped with infrared laser beam.Finally, it recycles infrared
Line laser beam adjusts the position of ionisation chamber, makes the center alignment infrared laser beam of the X ray exit portal of ionisation chamber, so as to complete
Operation is adjusted to the position of whole device.
Wherein, ionisation chamber uses X ray free-air ionization chamber, and X ray free-air ionization chamber is under the conditions of X source
The plate free-air ionization chamber of research and design is, it can be achieved that the absolute measurement of X ray air kerma.
Step 102 opens X-ray machine, emits X ray, and X ray, which is worn, penetrates vacuum tube, and after being projected by vacuum tube, is ionized room
It absorbs, measures the first ionization current.
Specifically, X ray will carry out limit beam processing before entering vacuum tube.
During one specific, after the position for adjusting X-ray machine, vacuum tube and ionisation chamber, open and X ray is provided
The X-ray machine in source, X-ray machine transmitting X ray carry out X ray by grating limit beam and handle so that is whole by the X ray of grating
It is passed through at the center of the beryllium window of vacuum tube so that experimental data is more accurate.Ionisation chamber is mapped to across the X ray after vacuum tube
At the center of X ray entrance port, the room of being ionized absorbs, and the indoor air of ionisation chamber chamber is injecting the indoor X ray of ionisation chamber chamber
Irradiation under ionize, formed the first ionization current, measure the first ionization current I before vacuumizing1。
Step 103 measures and records the temperature value and atmospheric pressure value in vacuum tube.
Specifically, film rule, vacuum measuring gauge, temperature sensor and temperature controller are opened, wherein, film rule and vacuum measurement
Instrument is electrically connected, and film rule are combined the pressure measured in vacuum tube with vacuum measuring gauge, and temperature sensor is electrical with temperature controller
Connection, temperature sensor are combined the temperature measured in vacuum tube with temperature controller.
During one specific, the first ionization current I before vacuumizing is measured1Later, pass through film rule and vacuum
Measuring instrument measurement vacuumize before vacuum tube in air pressure, and record on vacuum measuring gauge shown atmospheric pressure value P1, meanwhile, lead to
Excess temperature sensor and temperature controller measurement vacuumize before vacuum tube in temperature, and record on temperature controller shown temperature value
T1。
Step 104 carries out vacuum tube by vacuum pump to vacuumize operation.
Specifically, vacuum pump is connected with the vacuum orifice on vacuum tube, vacuum tube vacuumizes operation by vacuum pump realization,
So that the pressure value in vacuum tube remains the pressure value of need of work.
During one specific, vacuum pump is connected with vacuum tube by bellows, and bellows is with foldable wrinkle
The tubular elastomeric sensing element that piece is connected into along folding retractable direction, the tube wall of bellows is relatively thin, high sensitivity, and measurement range is
Tens of pas are to tens of megapascal, and vacuum pump carries out vacuum tube by bellows to vacuumize operation, to the pressure change in vacuum tube
More precisely.It is meanwhile corresponding with temperature value for ionization current, atmospheric pressure value measured by guarantee, it is necessary to assure vacuum tube is being taken out
Pressure after vacuum can be stablized in a pressure value, therefore, bellows be set in the junction of vacuum pump and bellows
Shut-off valve, on the one hand, adjust effective pumping speed of the vacuum pump to vacuum tube, on the other hand, utilize the bellows stop valve tune of air inlet
The size of section air inflow makes vacuum overpressure stabilization in the pressure value of need of work.
Step 105, in a state that vacuum tube is evacuated, X ray, which is worn, penetrates vacuum tube, and after being projected by vacuum tube, quilt
Ionisation chamber absorbs, and measures the second ionization current.
Specifically, since vacuum tube has carried out vacuumizing operation, the air quality thickness in vacuum tube has occurred and that
Change, that is to say, that the X ray one section of air quality thickness to be passed through in distance changed.X ray is by limit beam
Later, the vacuum tube across after vacuumizing, and injected in ionisation chamber with identical X ray injection rate, in the photograph of radiation ray
It penetrates down, the indoor air of ionisation chamber chamber ionizes, and form ionization current, so as to measure the second ionization electricity after vacuumizing
Stream.
During one specific, after operation is vacuumized, at this point, X-ray machine is constantly in opening, X-ray machine
The X ray of transmitting is injected along same path in the vacuum tube after vacuumizing, and after X ray passes through vacuum tube, the room of being ionized absorbs,
The second ionization current is formed, and measures the second ionization current I after record vacuumizes2。
Step 106, the temperature value and atmospheric pressure value for measuring and recording the vacuum tube after vacuumizing.
Specifically, at this point, film rule, vacuum measuring gauge, temperature sensor and temperature controller are in opening, film rule
The pressure in vacuum tube is measured, film rule are electrically connected with vacuum measuring gauge, and the reading that vacuum measuring gauge is shown occurs corresponding
Change, the temperature in temperature sensor measurement vacuum tube, temperature sensor is electrically connected with temperature controller, the temperature shown on temperature controller
Angle value reading also changes accordingly.
During one specific, the second ionization current I after vacuumizing is measured2Later, pass through film rule and vacuum
Measuring instrument measurement vacuumize after vacuum tube in air pressure, and record on vacuum measuring gauge shown atmospheric pressure value P2, meanwhile, lead to
Excess temperature sensor and temperature controller measurement vacuumize after vacuum tube in temperature, and record on temperature controller shown temperature value
T2。
Step 107, basis vacuumize temperature value and atmospheric pressure value in front and rear vacuum tube, obtain vacuumizing in front and rear vacuum tube
Air quality thickness knots modification.
Specifically, the temperature value vacuumized in the pipe of initial vacuum and atmospheric pressure value and step 106 institute according to measured by step 103
The temperature value and atmospheric pressure value of vacuum tube after what is measured vacuumize, are calculated using relevant calculation formula and vacuumize front and rear vacuum
The knots modification of air quality thickness in pipe.
During one specific, by vacuumizing the temperature value T in the pipe of initial vacuum1With atmospheric pressure value P1After vacuumizing
Temperature value T in vacuum tube2With atmospheric pressure value P2, the knots modification for vacuumizing the thickness of the air quality in front and rear vacuum tube is calculated
Δdm。
Wherein, the knots modification Δ d of air quality thicknessmCalculation formula be：
In formula, L：The length of vacuum tube, ρs：Air in the case where temperature value is 293.15K, atmospheric pressure value is 101.325kPa is close
Degree.
Step 108, the knots modification according to the first ionization current, the second ionization current and air quality thickness, are calculated X
Ray air attenuation coefficient.
Specifically, the second ionization current and step that the first ionization current measured according to step 102, step 105 measure
The knots modification of air quality thickness calculated in 107, is calculated X ray air attenuation coefficient.
During one specific, the first ionization current I is utilized1, the second ionization current I2With changing for air quality thickness
Variable Δ dm, X ray air attenuation coefficient μ is calculatedm。
Wherein, X ray air attenuation coefficient μmCalculation formula be：
With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, complete procedure and operation principle to X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method carry out
It is described in detail.
In the present embodiment, installation calibrating becomes the position of X-ray machine 1, vacuum tube 3 and ionisation chamber 4 first, is swashed using infrared ray
Light beam carries out assisted calibration to it.First by the center of the X ray exit portal 12 of infrared laser beam alignment X-ray machine 1, alignment is utilized
The installing plate 11 of infrared laser beam calibration mounting bracket 10 later, since vacuum tube 3 is pacified by bolt (not shown)
Mounted in the center of installing plate 11, thus calibrate the upper plane of installing plate 11 center line and alignment after infrared laser beam
It overlaps, and ensures that the upper plane of installing plate 11 is in level.Later, vacuum tube 3 is mounted on installing plate 11, and carries out essence
It adjusts, the central axis of infrared laser beam and vacuum tube 3 after alignment is made to be in same vertical level, then passes through tune
The height of mounting bracket 10 is saved so as to adjust the height of vacuum tube 3, makes the central axis weight of infrared laser beam and vacuum tube 3
It closes.Finally, using the position of infrared laser beam adjustment ionisation chamber 4, make center and the X-ray of the X ray entrance port 14 of ionisation chamber 4
The center of the X ray exit portal 12 of machine 1 is on the central axis of vacuum tube 3, so as to complete the position correction of whole device.
In measurement process, the pressure in the vacuum tube 3 before vacuumizing is measured first with film rule 6 and vacuum measuring gauge 7
It is worth, and the temperature value in the vacuum tube 3 before vacuumizing is measured using temperature sensor 8 and temperature controller 9, and record ionization at this time
Then electric current controls vacuum pump 5 to carry out vacuumizing operation to vacuum tube 3, film rule 6 and vacuum measuring gauge 7 is recycled to measure and take out
Pressure value after vacuum in vacuum tube 3 measures the temperature vacuumized in rear vacuum tube 3 using temperature sensor 8 and temperature controller 9
Value, meanwhile, record the ionization current measured by the ionisation chamber 4 after vacuumizing.By vacuumizing front and rear pressure value and temperature value
The knots modification of air quality thickness in vacuum tube is calculated, finally utilizes the knots modification and pumping of air quality thickness in vacuum tube
Ionization current before and after vacuum calculates X ray air attenuation coefficient.
X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention replaces traditional shifting using vacuumizing method
Dynamic Furthest Neighbor, is directly changed air quality thickness by vacuum tube during the experiment, avoids the change of distance, solve shifting
In dynamic Furthest Neighbor the problem of the more difficult control of ionisation chamber X ray injection rate, Examination on experimental operation is simple, and this experimental method is in equipment
It can be taken multiple measurements after fixed installation, repeatability is high, and experimental data is accurate.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect further
It is described in detail, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method, which is characterized in that the detection method includes：
Step A, the position of X-ray machine, vacuum tube and ionisation chamber is adjusted, makes the center of the X ray exit portal of the X-ray machine and described
The center of the X ray entrance port of ionisation chamber is on the central axis of the vacuum tube；
Step B, the X-ray machine is opened, emits X ray, the X ray, which is worn, penetrates the vacuum tube, and projected by the vacuum tube
Afterwards, it is absorbed by the ionisation chamber, measures the first ionization current I1；
Step C, it measures and records the temperature value T in the vacuum tube1With atmospheric pressure value P1；
Step D, the vacuum tube is carried out by vacuum pump vacuumizing operation；
Step E, in a state that the vacuum tube is evacuated, the X ray, which is worn, penetrates the vacuum tube, and by the vacuum tube
It after injection, is absorbed by the ionisation chamber, measures the second ionization current I2；
Step F, the temperature value T of the vacuum tube after measurement and record vacuumize2With atmospheric pressure value P2；
Step G, according to the temperature value T1, atmospheric pressure value P1With the temperature value T2With atmospheric pressure value P2, obtain vacuumizing front and rear institute
State the knots modification Δ d of the air quality thickness in vacuum tubem；The knots modification Δ d of the air quality thicknessmCalculation formula be：
In formula,
L：The length of the vacuum tube；
ρs：Atmospheric density in the case where temperature value is 293.15K, atmospheric pressure value is 101.325kPa；
Step H, the first ionization current I measured according to step B1, the second ionization current I for measuring of step E2And step
The knots modification Δ d of the air quality thickness calculated in rapid Gm, X ray air attenuation coefficient μ is calculatedm；The X is penetrated
Line air attenuation coefficient μmCalculation formula be：
2. X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step A is specifically wrapped
It includes：
The position of the fixed X-ray machine, adjusts infrared laser beam, and the infrared laser beam is made to be directed at the institute of the X-ray machine
State the center of X ray exit portal；
The position of the vacuum tube is adjusted according to the infrared laser beam so that the central axis of the vacuum tube and institute
State infrared laser beam coincidence；
Adjust the position of ionisation chamber so that the center of the X ray entrance port of the ionisation chamber and the infrared laser beam
Alignment.
3. X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described according to described red
Outside line laser beam adjusts the position of the vacuum tube so that the central axis of the vacuum tube and the infrared laser beam
Coincidence specifically includes：
The position of the installing plate of the mounting bracket of the vacuum tube is adjusted according to the infrared laser beam, makes the installing plate
Upper plane centreline is overlapped with the infrared laser beam；
The vacuum tube is mounted at the upper planar central of the installing plate；
By adjusting the height of the mounting bracket, the height of the vacuum tube is adjusted so that the central axis of the vacuum tube
It is overlapped with the infrared laser beam.
4. X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wear and penetrate in the X ray
Before the vacuum tube, the method further includes：Limit beam processing is carried out to the X ray.
5. X ray air attenuation coefficient detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ionisation chamber uses X
Ray free-air ionization chamber.
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| CN109827871A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-31 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A kind of atmospheric density measuring system based on X-ray absorption |
| CN109827871B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Atmospheric density measurement system based on X-ray absorption |
| CN109827870B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2021-10-19 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Ground atmospheric density measurement method based on X-ray absorption |
| CN111912868A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 湖北省鲲发工程检测有限公司 | Infrared calibration device of directional ray machine |
| CN113670783A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-11-19 | 王庚 | Method and device for directly measuring and calculating concentration of particulate matters in gas based on beta-ray method |
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Application publication date: 20180622 |