CN109826609B - It is a kind of for mostly every the accurate method for placing of proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing - Google Patents
It is a kind of for mostly every the accurate method for placing of proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of for mostly every the accurate method for placing of proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing, obtains fractured interval geologic parameter and physical parameter according to well-log information first, fractured interval is divided into different fracturing reform substratums on this basis；Then, optimize perforating site by fracture closure times, the proppant density of different fracturing reform substratums is determined in conjunction with field practice；By calculating by the proppant sinking speed for taking sand concentration Yu crack wall surface effects, different fracturing reform substratum fracturing fluid apparent viscosities are designed；Finally, according to the pump time of the THICKNESS CALCULATION different phase load fluid of different fracturing reform substratums.Proppant, can be all laid on purpose payzone by parameter of the present invention according to design, and be allowed to after crack closure longitudinally above uniformly lay in payzone, and the principle of the invention is reliable, and field operation is stronger, has a vast market foreground.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for mostly every interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing in the hydraulic fracturing process of petroleum works field
The accurate method for placing of proppant.
Background technique
Hydraulic fracturing technology is the important measures of oil-gas reservoir storey increase design.Hydraulic fracturing is to utilize ground high pressure pump group, with
Fracturing fluid (prepad fluid) is pumped into stratum and generates crack by the discharge capacity more than stratum imbibition ability, then proceedes to injection with support
The fracturing fluid (load fluid) of agent (sand grains) makes crack continue to extend and fills proppant wherein, after fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), stays in
Proppant in crack plays the role of that crack is prevented to be closed completely, and crack is made to keep certain unlatching under clossing pressure
Degree forms the sand packed fracture for having certain length, fluid being allowed to flow, to reach well production increment or water filling in the earth formation
The purpose of well augmented injection.
The key of hydraulic fracturing is to be formed the sand packed fracture with certain flow conductivity, after fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), on stratum
Under clossing pressure effect, the crack for being only supported agent filling is just able to maintain certain opening degree, has better water conservancy diversion energy
Power.Therefore, it is necessary to according to associated construction parameter in proppant settling character optimization design fracturing process, proppant is accurately defeated
It send to each fracturing reform substratum, to achieve the purpose that improve oil gas flox condition and well production increment.
Currently, the design method of Optimum Hydraulic fracturing parameter has much both at home and abroad, but it is directed to containing multiple every folder
The fracturing reform section of layer designs the theoretical research of hydraulic fracturing construction parameter also very from the orientation optimization of proppant settling character
It is few, it is not able to satisfy the design requirement of current live pressing crack construction, pressing crack construction process poor operability cannot be accurately by support
Agent is delivered to target zone, and the laying low efficiency of proppant is poor to oil-gas reservoir storey increase design effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of for mostly precisely putting every the proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing
Proppant can be all laid on purpose payzone, and be allowed to after crack closure according to the parameter of design by Parameters design
In payzone longitudinally upper uniformly laying, this method principle is reliable, and field operation is stronger, has a vast market foreground.
To reach the above technical purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme.
The present invention, which is directed to, contains multiple fracturing reform sections every interlayer (sand and mud interstratification), is obtained press according to well-log information first
Fractured interval is divided into different fracturing reform substratums by parting section geologic parameter and physical parameter on this basis.Then, lead to
Fracture closure times optimization perforating site is crossed, the proppant density of different fracturing reform substratums is determined in conjunction with field practice；Pass through
It calculates by the proppant sinking speed for taking sand concentration Yu crack wall surface effects, designs different fracturing reform substratum fracturing fluid views
Viscosity.Finally, according to the pump time of the THICKNESS CALCULATION different phase load fluid of different fracturing reform substratums.
Proppant is precisely placed in different fracturing reform substratums, improved by the present invention by designing related fracturing parameter
Proppant lays efficiency.
It is a kind of for mostly every the accurate method for placing of proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing, successively the following steps are included:
(1) the reservoir geology parameter and physical parameter obtained according to certain individual well well log interpretation, will be every interlayer (shale layer) thickness
Adjacent payzone of the degree less than 1.5m is considered as same fracturing reform substratum, so that individual well fractured interval is divided into N number of fracturing reform
Substratum, from fracturing reform interval bottom be successively denoted as upwards the 1st layer, the 2nd layer ..., n-th layer.
(2) fracturing parameter of design top n-th layer, process are as follows:
1. according to the formation fracture clossing pressure P of fractured interval and formation temperature T, incorporation engineering practice determines n-th layer branch
Support agent density ppNWith fracturing fluid apparent viscosity μN:
As P≤50MPa, ρpN=1500kg/m3；
As 50MPa < P < 70MPa, ρpN=1700kg/m3；
As P >=70MPa, ρpN=1830kg/m3。
Mono- formation fracture clossing pressure of P, MPa in formula.
When T≤90 DEG C, μN=0.1Pas；
When 90 DEG C 120 DEG C of < T <, μN=0.15Pas；
When T >=120 DEG C, μN=0.2Pas.
Mono- fractured interval formation temperature of T in formula, DEG C.
2. passing through sinking speed of the n-th layer top braces agent in N sections of fracturing fluidsWith fracture closure times after termination of pumping
TC(can be obtained according to stratum and condition of construction) calculates settling height of the n-th layer top braces agent in crackTo
Determine perforating site:
Due to reynolds number Re of the present inventionpLess than 1, the influence for taking sand concentration and crack wall effect is considered, therefore
Sinking speed of the n-th layer top braces agent in N sections of fracturing fluids can be calculated by following formula(Li Yingchuan writes oil recovery work
The Beijing journey: petroleum industry publishing house, 2009):
F in formulacOne concentration correction coefficient, expression formula are as follows: fc=Cf 5.5；
fwOne crack wall surface correction coefficient, expression formula are as follows:
μNOne n-th layer fracturing fluid apparent viscosity, Pas；
ρpNOne n-th layer proppant density, kg/m3；
ρfOne fracturing fluid net liquid density, kg/m3；
dpOne proppant particles diameter, m；
CfVolume fraction shared by liquid in one proppant and pressure break liquid mixture；
Mono- fracture width of W, m；
Mono- acceleration of gravity of g, 9.8m/s2；
Sinking speed of the one n-th layer top braces agent in N sections of fracturing fluids, m/s.
Calculate settling height of the n-th layer top braces agent in crackDetermine perforating site at the top of away from n-th layer
UpwardsPlace:
T in formulaCFracture closure times after one termination of pumping, s；
υfMigration velocity of one load fluid in crack vertically downward, m/s.
3. according to sinking speed of the n-th layer bottom proppant in (N-1) section fracturing fluidN-th layer bottom proppant
Settling height in crackAnd fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, determine N sections of load fluid pump time TN:
It is calculate by the following formula sinking speed of the n-th layer bottom proppant in (N-1) section fracturing fluid
μ in formulaN-1The apparent viscosity of one (N-1) layer fracturing fluid, Pas.
According to n-th layer fracturing reform small thickness hN, it is calculate by the following formula sedimentation of the n-th layer bottom proppant in crack
Highly
H in formulaNThe thickness of one n-th layer fracturing reform substratum, m.
According to settling height of the n-th layer bottom proppant in crackAnd fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, calculate
N sections of load fluid pump time T outN:
To obtain:
T in formulaCFracture closure times after one termination of pumping, s；
υfMigration velocity of one load fluid in crack vertically downward, m/s.
(3) fracturing parameter of (N-1) layer is designed, process is as follows:
1. practicing according to site operation, (N-1) layer proppant density p is determinedp(N-1):
ρp(N-1)=ρpN+250 (7)
ρ in formulapNOne n-th layer proppant density, kg/m3。
2. the influence of sand concentration and crack wall effect is taken in consideration, (N-1) section fracturing fluid apparent viscosity μ is determinedN-1:
According between n-th layer and (N-1) layer every thickness of interlayerThe top braces agent of (N-1) layer is calculated in crack
In settling height
In formulaBetween one n-th layer and (N-1) layer every thickness of interlayer, m.
According to the pump time T of n-th layer load fluidN, fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, it is calculate by the following formula (N-1) layer
Sinking speed of the top braces agent in (N-1) section fracturing fluid be
To obtain:
Consider that the influence for taking sand concentration and crack wall effect similarly with formula (1) can determine (N-1) according to the following formula
Section fracturing fluid apparent viscosity μN-1:
3. according to settling height of (N-1) the layer bottom proppant in crackWith (N-1) layer bottom proppant
Sinking speed in (N-2) section fracturing fluid isDetermine (N-1) section load fluid pump time TN-1:
According to the thickness h of (N-1) layer fracturing reform substratumN-1, (N-1) layer bottom proppant is calculated in crack
Settling height
H in formulaN-1The thickness of one (N-1) layer fracturing reform substratum, m.
Consider to take the influence of sand concentration and crack wall effect, is calculate by the following formula (N-1) layer bottom proppant the
(N-2) sinking speed in section fracturing fluid is
μ in formulaN-2The apparent viscosity of one (N-2) section fracturing fluid, Pas.
According to settling height of (N-1) the layer bottom proppant in crackExist with (N-1) layer bottom proppant
Sinking speed in (N-2) section fracturing fluid isCalculate (N-1) section load fluid pump time TN-1, calculation formula is such as
Under:
Deformation obtains:
(4) step (3) are repeated, finally determine (N-2) layer, (N-3) layer ..., the 1st layer of proppant density, pressure break
The calculation formula of liquid apparent viscosity and pump note time.
(5) the above-mentioned equation of simultaneous (1), (2) ..., (15), solve the pressure break of perforating site and whole fracturing reform substratum
Parameter (proppant density, fracturing fluid apparent viscosity, pump note time).
In the present invention, individual well fractured interval is divided into N number of fracturing reform substratum, N >=2 by the step (1).
In the present invention, the step (4) is when the 1st layer of sinking speed of the bottom proppant in prepad fluid of calculatingWhen,
μ0For the apparent viscosity of prepad fluid.
Compared with conventional fracturing design method, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: optimizing perforation position by fracture closure times
It sets；The proppant density of different fracturing reform substratums is determined in conjunction with field practice；Sand concentration and crack wall effect are taken in calculating
The proppant sinking speed of influence determines the fracturing fluid apparent viscosity of different fracturing reform substratums；According to different fracturing reform substratums
The pump time of THICKNESS CALCULATION different phase load fluid have so that proppant to be precisely delivered to each fracturing reform substratum
Effect improves the laying efficiency of proppant, improves storey increase design effect.
Specific embodiment
Each step of the present invention is described in detail below by specific example.
By taking certain oil field individual well W as an example, design hydraulic fracturing interval buried depth is 4309.4~4323m, containing more every interlayer,
The section be averaged formation temperature be 140 DEG C, formation fracture clossing pressure be 48MPa.It is shown according to numerical software analog result early period,
Fracturing fluid density is 1200kg/m3, prepad fluid apparent viscosity is 0.04Pas, and proppant particles diameter is 0.0006m, and sand ratio is
20% (i.e. volume fraction shared by liquid is 86% in proppant and pressure break liquid mixture), fracture closure times are after termination of pumping
3000s, migration velocity of the load fluid in crack vertically downward are 0.002m/s, and producing mean breadth with this condition is
The crack of 0.004m, optimization design correlation fracturing parameter, improves proppant and lays efficiency, improve storey increase design effect accordingly.
It is a kind of for mostly every the accurate method for placing of proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing, successively the following steps are included:
(1) according to individual well W well log interpretation curve, the adjacent payzone by compartment thickness less than 1.5m is considered as same fracturing reform
Substratum is successively denoted as the 1st layer from transformation interval bottom so that individual well W fractured interval is divided into 2 fracturing reform substratums upwards
(4317~4323), the 2nd layer (4309.4~4315).
(2) the 2nd layers of fracturing parameter design is as follows:
1. designing the 2nd layer of proppant density p since formation fracture clossing pressure is 48MPap2For 1500kg/m3；Fifty-fifty
Layer temperature is 140 DEG C, designs the 2nd layer of fracturing fluid apparent viscosity μ2For 0.2Pas.
2. the influence of sand concentration and crack wall effect is taken in consideration, it is calculated: fc=0.437；fw=0.903, obtain
2 layers of top braces agent sinking speed in the 2nd section of fracturing fluid:
According to fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, calculate the 2nd layer of settling height of the top braces agent in crackFor
6.35m, i.e. perforating site are at away from the 2nd layer of top upwards 6.35m.
3. similarly, the influence of sand concentration and crack wall effect is taken in consideration, the 2nd layer of bottom proppant is in paragraph 1 fracturing fluid
In sinking speedExpression formula it is as follows:
According to the 2nd layer of fracturing reform small thickness h2For 5.6m, it is high to calculate sedimentation of the 2nd layer of bottom proppant in crack
DegreeFor 11.95m.
According to the 2nd layer of sinking speed of the bottom proppant in paragraph 1 fracturing fluidAnd the 2nd layer of bottom proppant is being split
Settling height in seamCalculate the 2nd section of load fluid pump time T2, expression formula is as follows:
(3) the 1st layers of fracturing parameter design is as follows:
1. practicing according to site operation, the 1st layer of proppant density p is obtainedp1For 1750kg/m3。
2. it is high to calculate sedimentation of the 1st layer of top braces agent in crack according to the compartment thickness between the 2nd layer and the 1st layer
DegreeFor 13.95m.
According to the pump time T of the 2nd layer of load fluid2With fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, calculate the 1st layer of top braces agent
Sinking speed in paragraph 1 fracturing fluid isExpression formula is as follows:
The influence of sand concentration and crack wall effect is taken in consideration, determines paragraph 1 fracturing fluid apparent viscosity μ1, expression formula is as follows:
3. according to the thickness h of the 1st layer of fracturing reform substratum1For 6m, the settling height of the 1st layer of bottom proppant is obtainedFor
19.95m。
The influence of sand concentration and crack wall effect is taken in consideration, is calculate by the following formula the 1st layer of bottom proppant in prepad fluid
In sinking speed be
μ in formula0One prepad fluid apparent viscosity, Pas.
According to the settling height of the 1st layer of bottom proppantWith the 1st layer of sinking speed of the bottom proppant in prepad fluid
ForIt is calculate by the following formula out paragraph 1 load fluid pump time T1:
(4) the above-mentioned equation of simultaneous solves all parameters, and the fracturing parameter of design is as follows:
Claims (3)
1. a kind of for mostly every the accurate method for placing of proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing, successively the following steps are included:
(1) the reservoir geology parameter and physical parameter obtained according to certain individual well well log interpretation, will be every thickness of interlayer less than 1.5m's
Adjacent payzone is considered as same fracturing reform substratum, individual well fractured interval is divided into N number of fracturing reform substratum, from fracturing reform layer
Section bottom be successively denoted as upwards the 1st layer, the 2nd layer ..., n-th layer；
(2) fracturing parameter of design top n-th layer, process are as follows:
1. determining n-th layer proppant density p according to the formation fracture clossing pressure P of fractured interval and formation temperature TpNWith pressure break
Liquid apparent viscosity μN:
As P≤50MPa, ρpN=1500kg/m3；
As 50MPa < P < 70MPa, ρpN=1700kg/m3；
As P >=70MPa, ρpN=1830kg/m3；
When T≤90 DEG C, μN=0.1Pas；
When 90 DEG C 120 DEG C of < T <, μN=0.15Pas；
When T >=120 DEG C, μN=0.2Pas；
2. passing through sinking speed of the n-th layer top braces agent in N sections of fracturing fluidsWith fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, meter
Calculate settling height of the n-th layer top braces agent in crackSo that it is determined that perforating site:
Sinking speed of the n-th layer top braces agent in N sections of fracturing fluids is calculated by following formula
F in formulacOne concentration correction coefficient, expression formula are as follows: fc=Cf 5.5；
fwOne crack wall surface correction coefficient, expression formula are as follows:
μNOne n-th layer fracturing fluid apparent viscosity, Pas；
ρpNOne n-th layer proppant density, kg/m3；
ρfOne fracturing fluid net liquid density, kg/m3；
dpOne proppant particles diameter, m；
CfVolume fraction shared by liquid in one proppant and pressure break liquid mixture；
Mono- fracture width of W, m；
Mono- acceleration of gravity of g, 9.8m/s2；
Calculate settling height of the n-th layer top braces agent in crackSo that it is determined that perforating site at the top of away from n-th layer to
OnPlace:
υ in formulafMigration velocity of one load fluid in crack vertically downward, m/s；
3. according to sinking speed of the n-th layer bottom proppant in (N-1) section fracturing fluidN-th layer bottom proppant is being split
Settling height in seamAnd fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, determine N sections of load fluid pump time TN:
It is calculate by the following formula sinking speed of the n-th layer bottom proppant in (N-1) section fracturing fluid
μ in formulaN-1The apparent viscosity of one (N-1) layer fracturing fluid, Pas；
According to n-th layer fracturing reform small thickness hN, calculate settling height of the n-th layer bottom proppant in crack
According to settling height of the n-th layer bottom proppant in crackAnd fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, calculate N
Section load fluid pump time TN:
υ in formulafMigration velocity of one load fluid in crack vertically downward, m/s；
(3) fracturing parameter of (N-1) layer is designed, process is as follows:
1. practicing according to site operation, (N-1) layer proppant density p is determinedp(N-1):
ρp(N-1)=ρpN+250
ρ in formulapNOne n-th layer proppant density, kg/m3；
2. the influence of sand concentration and crack wall effect is taken in consideration, (N-1) section fracturing fluid apparent viscosity μ is determinedN-1:
According between n-th layer and (N-1) layer every thickness of interlayerThe top braces agent of (N-1) layer is calculated in crack
Settling height
According to the pump time T of n-th layer load fluidN, fracture closure times T after termination of pumpingC, it is calculate by the following formula at the top of (N-1) layer
Sinking speed of the proppant in (N-1) section fracturing fluid be
(N-1) section fracturing fluid apparent viscosity μ is determined according to the following formulaN-1:
3. according to settling height of (N-1) the layer bottom proppant in crackWith (N-1) layer bottom proppant
(N-2) sinking speed in section fracturing fluid isDetermine (N-1) section load fluid pump time TN-1:
According to the thickness h of (N-1) layer fracturing reform substratumN-1, calculate sedimentation of (N-1) the layer bottom proppant in crack
Highly
Being calculate by the following formula sinking speed of (N-1) the layer bottom proppant in (N-2) section fracturing fluid is
μ in formulaN-2The apparent viscosity of one (N-2) section fracturing fluid, Pas；
According to settling height of (N-1) the layer bottom proppant in crackWith (N-1) layer bottom proppant in (N-
2) sinking speed in section fracturing fluid isCalculate (N-1) section load fluid pump time TN-1:
(4) step (3) are repeated, finally determine (N-2) layer, (N-3) layer ..., the 1st layer of proppant density, fracturing fluid view
Viscosity and the calculation formula of pump note time；
(5) the above-mentioned equation of simultaneous, proppant density, the fracturing fluid view for solving perforating site and whole fracturing reform substratums are viscous
Degree, pump note time.
2. it is as described in claim 1 a kind of for mostly every the accurate method for placing of proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing,
It is characterized in that, individual well fractured interval is divided into N number of fracturing reform substratum, N >=2 by the step (1).
3. it is as described in claim 1 a kind of for mostly every the accurate method for placing of proppant of interlayer oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing,
It is characterized in that, the step (4) is when the 1st layer of sinking speed of the bottom proppant in prepad fluid of calculatingWhen, μ0It is preposition
The apparent viscosity of liquid.
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| CN110984947B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-04-01 | 西南石油大学 | Accurate placement method of propping agent for natural fracture development gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing |
| CN110984948B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-04-08 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for testing and evaluating injection capability of fracturing propping agent in fracture |
| CN111173489B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-11-02 | 西南石油大学 | Method for calculating free settling velocity of fiber-containing proppant clusters in fracture |
| CN111287720A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-16 | 西南石油大学 | Compact oil and gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing optimization design method based on compressibility evaluation |
| CN111764882B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2023-02-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Fracturing design optimization method for optimizing proppant concentration by adopting chemical agent |
| CN112761609B (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2022-02-01 | 西南石油大学 | Optimization method for efficient laying of propping agent in hydraulic fracturing operation |
| CN113218770B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-07-01 | 西南石油大学 | Multi-lithologic fracturing crack test method |
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