CN104594872B - A kind of method for optimizing tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy - Google Patents
A kind of method for optimizing tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the fracturing reform in oil-gas field development field, the method for optimizing tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy is more particularly to, is mainly comprised the following steps：(1) reservoir, fluid properties, horizontal well pit shaft basic parameter are collected；(2) pressure break horizontal well crack basic parameter is collected；(3) crack of pressure break horizontal well is averagely divided into the congruence of equal length along seam length direction；(4) the Reservoir Seepage model of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well Fracture System is set up；(5) Pressure Drop Model that gas flows in crack is set up；(6) flow model of the coupled gas in Reservoir Seepage and crack is set up, the Production rate model of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is formed；(7) fracture condudtiviy of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is optimized.The method provided using the present invention can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, effectively solve optimization problem of the pressure break horizontal well along the seam non-constant fracture condudtiviy of length direction, so as to provide rational basis for the optimization design of reservoir reconstruction, improve reservoir reconstruction effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fracturing reform in oil-gas field development field, it is more particularly to for optimizing tight gas reservoir frac water
The method of horizontal well fracture condudtiviy.
Background technology
Staged fracturing of horizontal well is the effective measures for developing tight gas reservoir.Hydraulic fracturing is a kind of by injecting high to stratum
Pressure fluid makes formation fracture in the case of more than stratum imbibition ability；The mulling liquid containing proppant is subsequently injected into, promotes crack
Further extend into reservoir deep；After construction terminates, due to the supporting role of proppant fracture wall so that fracture surface will not
Close completely and remain in that certain flow conductivity.These have the crack of flow conductivity ensure reservoir hydrocarbons can Channel Group,
So that Oil/gas Well is increased production and improved recovery ratio；By the flow conductivity energy for optimizing tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well crack
Enough significantly improve the yield of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well.
The method of conventional optimization tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy is at present：Initially set up pressure break level
Well production computation model；The pressure break horizontal well Production rate model set up is then based on, is joined in given reservoir basic parameter, gas
Under conditions of number, horizontal well parameter and fracture parameters, the pressure break horizontal well production under different fracture condudtiviies is simulated；Finally
Carry out preferred fracture condudtiviy according to cumulative production under the certain time of simulation.Accurate preferably tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well crack
The key of flow conductivity is to set up correct pressure break horizontal well Production rate model.At present, relevant pressure break horizontal well Production rate
Model be broadly divided into two classes：One class is the production to fractured horizontal well formation many cracks using commercial numerical simulation software
Amount prediction carries out calculating analysis, and (finite element method [J] hydrodynamicses of the new Horizontal Well Reservoir Numerical Simulations of Zhou Zhumei, Lang Zhao are ground
Study carefully and A volumes of .1996,11 (3) of progress:261-270；Zhang Xuewen, Fang Hongchang, Qiu Yinan wait low-permeability oil deposit pressure breaks horizontal well to produce
Can influence factor [J] petroleum journals, 1999,20 (4):51-54).Another kind of is to use Analytic Calculation Method, is converged according to source
Thought, is divided into two stages of flowing in Reservoir Seepage and crack, respectively by the flow process of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well gas
Set up corresponding mathematical modeling and describe its flow process；Then the equation that coupled gas flows in Reservoir Seepage and crack,
Solve the yield of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well and the flow conductivity in preferred crack.Its basic process solved includes five substantially
Step：
The first step：Pressure break horizontal well crack single-blade is divided into the congruence of equal length, the production of each congruence can
With approximate processing into the production of a bite straight well, principle of stacking is utilized, it is established that in crack tip production multiple congruences are produced simultaneously when
Raw drop of pressure (Aissa Zerzar.Interpretation of Multiple Hydraulically Fractured
Horizontal Wells in Closed Systems[R]SPE 84888,2003；Zeng Fanhui, Guo Jianchun, Zhao Jinzhou, wait
Influence factor analysis [J] Petroleum finances of fractured horizontal well's productivity, 2007,34 (4):474-477；Sun Hai, Yao Jun,
Lian Peiqing, waits to consider pressure break horizontal well unsteady Model [J] the petroleum journals of basement rock to pit shaft feed flow, 2012,33 (1):
117-122)。
Second step：Solve the pressure drop equation that gas flows in crack.Flowing for gas in crack at present, or
It is to be processed into along the invariable miniature planar radial flow of seam length direction flow conductivity that (Zeng Fanhui, Guo Jianchun, Zhao Jinzhou wait shadows
Ring factor analysis [J] Petroleum finances .2007,34 (4) of fractured horizontal well's productivity:474-477；Sun Hai, Yao Jun, it is honest and clean
Training celebrating, waits to consider pressure break horizontal well unsteady Model [J] the petroleum journals of basement rock to pit shaft feed flow, 2012,33 (1):117-
122), otherwise be processed into along the invariable sheet flow model of seam length direction flow conductivity (Gringarten, A.C.,
Ramey,H.I.Jr.,Raghavan,R.Unsteady State Pressure Distributions Created by a
Well with a Single Infinite-Conductivity Vertical Fracture[J]:SPEJ,1974:347-
60)。
3rd step：Meet that pressure is equal, flow is continuously substantially former when being flowed using gas in Reservoir Seepage and crack
Then, it is established that containing using each congruence yield as variable and the production of equal with the several numbers of total congruence tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well
Equation is measured, because the number of equation and the variable number of congruence yield are equal, the yield for solving and obtaining each congruence can be closed.
4th step：The yield of each congruence is added up, the yield of whole pressure break horizontal well is obtained.
5th step：It is distributed by the fracture condudtiviy for changing pressure break horizontal well, contrasts different fracture condudtiviy distributions
Under pressure break horizontal well crack output distribotion and cumulative production, the fracture condudtiviy of Optimum Fracturing horizontal well.
The method of current these methods optimization tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy has following significant drawback：
Assuming that fracture condudtiviy is invariable along seam length, the result for causing optimization can only be average crack flow conductivity
(Zeng Fanhui, Guo Jianchun, Zhao Jinzhou, wait to influence factor analysis [J] Petroleum finance .2007 of fractured horizontal well's productivity,
34(4):474-477；Sun Hai, Yao Jun, Lian Peiqing, wait to consider pressure break horizontal well unsteady Model of the basement rock to pit shaft feed flow
[J] petroleum journals, 2012,33 (1):117-122；Wang Xiaodong, Zhang Yitang, the kind group vertical fractures well capacity of Liu and flow conductivity
Optimizing research [J] Petroleum finance, 2004,31 (6):78-81), this with tight gas reservoir horizontal well in hydraulic fracturing process
In, because the non-constant flow conductivity of length direction is stitched on the edge that the factors such as laying concentration difference, the fracturing fluid residue of proppant are caused
There is marked difference in distribution.
It is of the invention by tight gas in order to realize that the fracture condudtiviy of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well under real conditions optimizes
The gas flowing for hiding pressure break horizontal well is divided into Reservoir Seepage and crack in the processes that flowing two is coupled, it is considered to which gas is along fracture surface
On non-homogeneous inflow and crack in become the actual conditions of fracture condudtiviy, using room and time discrete technology, utilize
Instantaneous point source function and barrier layer such as add at the general principle, have initially set up the unstable state Production rate mould of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well
Type；And further by contrasting the output condition under the distribution of different fracture condudtiviies, preferred tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well
Fracture condudtiviy.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of quantitative optimization tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy,
It can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art using this method, effectively solve pressure break horizontal well along the seam non-constant fracture guide energy of length direction
The optimization problem of power, so as to provide rational basis for the optimization design of reservoir reconstruction, improves reservoir reconstruction effect.
A kind of method for optimizing tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy, is mainly included the following steps that：
1) reservoir, fluid properties, horizontal well pit shaft basic parameter are collected；
2) pressure break horizontal well crack basic parameter is collected；
3) crack of pressure break horizontal well is averagely divided into the congruence of equal length along seam length direction；
4) the Reservoir Seepage model of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well Fracture System is set up；
5) Pressure Drop Model that gas flows in crack is set up；
6) flow model of the coupled gas in Reservoir Seepage and crack is set up, the production of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is formed
Measure computation model；
7) fracture condudtiviy of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is optimized.
In the present invention, the step 1) in collect reservoir, fluid properties, horizontal well pit shaft basic parameter, specifically include
Original strata stress direction, reservoir thickness, porosity, permeability, gas viscosity, gas critical pressure, deviation factor for gas, reservoir temperature
Degree, gas critical-temperature, horizontal well orientation, Horizontal Well tube length degree.
In the present invention, the step 2) in collect pressure break horizontal well crack basic parameter and include：Hydraulic fracture orientation, split
Stitch bar number, fracture interval, crack location, fracture length.
In the present invention, the step 3) in the crack of pressure break horizontal well along seam length direction is averagely divided into equal length
The congruence.
In the present invention, the step 4) set up the Reservoir Seepage mould for calculating tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well Fracture System
Type, including following basic step：
(1) a bite pressure break level in physical model such as Fig. 1 of pressure break horizontal well, the infinitely great reservoir of upper top bottom closing is set up
Well, the fracturing fracture that horizontal well is completely penetrated reservoir is divided into some sections, and reservoir gas flows first to crack and flowed again by crack
To horizontal wellbore.Horizontal well radius is rw, length is L, and well is (x in reservoir center position coordinates0,y1,z0)-(x0,y2,z0),
And it is parallel with y-axis.Reservoir homogeneous isotropism, thickness is that h, porosity φ, permeability K are constant；Horizontal wellbore is infinitely to lead
Stream, reservoir initial pressure is constant pi.Because fracturing fracture runs through oil reservoir, therefore infinitely great formation breakdown horizontal well whole system
Flowing can be reduced to the Radial Flow in plane oil reservoir, crack can be reduced to a congruence, and (Li Jun poem pressure breaks horizontal well is dynamically point
Analysis research [D] Beijing:China University of Geosciences, 2005).
(2) for the ease of solving, kth crack single-blade is divided into ns sections, is Δ x per segment lengthfk, Δ xfk=xfk/ns；
Each congruence can be processed into the production of a bite straight well and consider (Fig. 2).Yield is continually changing straight well in process of production, but if
Time interval is obtained into very little, it is definite value that can be approximately considered the yield within this time, by the whole production rank of pressure break horizontal well
Section t is divided into equal time interval Δ t, the t=m Δ t of m spacing.
Being located on kth crack has a congruence i (yield is qfk,i) it is located at M (xfk,i,yfk) place, have one on the k+1 of crack
Point of observation O (xfk+1,j,yfk+1), in the case where considering fluid volume coefficient, congruence i is produced after production time Δ t in O points
Drop of pressure be (Fig. 2)：
In formula：piFor original formation pressure, MPa；pfk+1,jFor the pressure at the crack jth congruence sides of fracture of kth+1,
MPa；qfk,iFor the yield of i-th congruence on kth crack, m3/s；μ is viscosity of crude, mPa.s；B is volume factor, zero dimension；
(xfk,i, yfk) for the coordinate (m, m) of i-th congruence on kth crack；(xfk+1,j, yfk+1) it is the jth congruence on the crack of kth+1
Coordinate (m, m)；K is reservoir permeability, 10‐3μm2；H is reservoir thickness, m；η is piezometric conductivity, μm2/(mPa·s×MPa-1), η
=K/ μ c φ；C is stratum system compressibility, MPa‐1；φ is reservoir porosity, zero dimension；Δ t is production time, s；K is to split
Loop bonding number；I, j number for the crack congruence.
(3) when containing multiple continuous congruences on the k of crack, each congruence of k cracks can obtain according to principle of stacking simultaneously raw
The drop of pressure produced during production at point of observation O；After the same method, pressure break horizontal well formation N cracks can be also obtained, always
In the drop of pressure of O points the common N × 2ns crack congruence is produced simultaneously when：
In formula：N is pressure break horizontal well Number of Fractures, bar；Ns is crack single-blade congruence number.
(4) when reservoir fluid is gas, according to the definition of pressure function and actual gas state equation, and by underground yield
(Ning Zhengfu, Han Shugang, Cheng Linsong wait Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs pressure break horizontal wells to the gas yield for being converted into the case of ground standard
Productivity [J] petroleum journals, 2002,23 (2):68-71), formula (2) can be written as:
In formula：μgFor gas viscosity, mPas；pscFor gas critical pressure, MPa；Z is deviation factor for gas, zero dimension；
T is reservoir temperature, DEG C；TscFor gas critical-temperature, DEG C.
Formula (3) is exactly all slits congruence while the drop of pressure equation produced after production time Δ t in O points, the equation
Consider and interfere effect between each congruence in crack and crack.
In the present invention, the step 5) calculate the Pressure Drop Model that gas flows in crack, including following basic step：
(1) consider that hydraulic fracture width becomes narrow gradually along seam length direction, by crack section processing in echelon, kth+1 is split
Seam root width is wfk+1,max, end portion width is wfk+1,min, as shown in Figure 3.For the ease of calculating, each congruence is handled
Rectangular to be calculated, line taking converges central point width for congruence width.Using the intersection point of crack and horizontal wellbore as origin, apart from water
Horizontal well cylinder xjThe width of j-th of congruence at place is：
wfk+1,j=wfk+1,min+(wfk+1,max-wfk+1,min)×(xfk+1-xfk+1,j)/xfk+1 (4)
The average crack width w of j-th of congruencefk+1,averjFor：
wfk+1,averj=(wfk+1,j+wfk+1,j-1)/2 (5)
In formula：wfk+1,jFor the fracture width of the crack jth congruence of kth+1, m；wfk+1,maxIt is wide for the crack of kth+1 root
Degree, m；wfk+1,minFor the crack end portion width of kth+1, m；xfk+1Long, the m for the crack single slot of kth+1；xfk+1,jFor kth+1
The crack jth congruence is in the x-direction apart from the distance of pit shaft, m；wfk+1,averjFor the crack jth congruence mean breadth of kth+1, m.
(2) consider that gas meets linear flow in crack, congruence j (points on the crack of kth+1 are calculated according to Darcy's law
Ofk+1,j) pressure loss that flow to horizontal wellbore is：
In formula：pfk+1,0For the crack of kth+1 and the pressure of horizontal wellbore intersection, MPa；kfk+1For oozing for the crack of kth+1
Saturating rate, 10‐3μm2。
In the present invention, the step 6) calculate the pressure break horizontal well production of tight gas reservoir, including following basic step：
(1) coupling model flowed in Reservoir Seepage-crack is set up
The process that gas flows to horizontal wellbore from reservoir can be divided into two processes of flowing, formula in gas reservoir seepage flow and crack
(3), formula (6) has had been built up corresponding descriptive equation；Flowed in view of gas in storage intrastratal flow and fluid in crack
When pressure at the wall of crack it is equal, pressure continuity equation can be set up；As it is assumed that pit shaft infinite fluid diversion, each crack exists
With horizontal wellbore intersection O0Pressure it is equal, stable bottom hole pressure (pwf) production when boundary condition be：
pfk+1,0=pwf (7)
In formula：pwfFor horizontal wellbore flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP), MPa；
Simultaneous equations (3), (6), (7) arrange the flow equation for obtaining the crack of kth+1 jth congruence gas reservoir-crack coupling：
Variable is the yield of each congruence in formula (8), thus establishes pressure break horizontal well crack and is coupled with gas reservoir
Transient Flow mathematical modeling.Due to bottom pressure pwf, it is known that the line that the N × 2ns linear equation set up according to formula (8) is constituted
Property equation group, can try to achieve the yield of each congruence.
(2) the transient state yield of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is calculated
Due to considering that gas is only flowed into horizontal wellbore by crack, so the total output of pressure break horizontal well is a frac water
The sum of all congruence yield on horizontal well crack：
The yield of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well can be tried to achieve according to formula (9).
(3) the unstable state yield of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is calculated
Equation (8), (9) establish the computational methods of each congruence and pressure break horizontal well production under the Δ t times；For each line
For remittance, because yield can change with the production time, at this moment need to try to achieve the value of any time using time superposition.If
Time step is Δ t, as t=m Δ t (m-th of period ending), then can obtain (honest and clean to the crack jth point sink of kth+1
Training celebrating, Cheng Linsong, Cao Renyi, etc. unsteady Model [J] calculating that low-permeability oil deposit pressure break horizontal well pit shafts are coupled with oil reservoir
Physics, 2010,27 (2):203‐210)：
In formula：
As producing the Production rate of Δ t time spans, constrained according to bottom pressure constraint and total output, composition closing
Solving equations, since the 1st time Δ t step-length, circulation is solved, until calculating the Production rate under m-th of Δ t step-length
As a result.
In the present invention, the step 7) optimization tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy, including following base
This step：
(1) different fracture condudtiviy distribution schemes are set along seam length direction；
(2) the crack output distribotion situation under different fracture condudtiviy distributions is calculated；
(3) cumulative production that the pressure break horizontal well under different fracture condudtiviy distributions produces 360 days is calculated, with reference to accumulative
Yield result simultaneously considers engineering technology condition, preferably optimal fracture condudtiviy distribution scheme；
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
Technical scheme can realize the fracture condudtiviy quantitative optimization to tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well, profit
It can be realized fine and close according to underlying parameters such as the physical parameter of reservoir, fluid properties, horizontal wellbore and fracturing fractures with this method
Quantitative optimization of the gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy along seam length direction.It can only be realized in the prior art pair so as to overcome
Average crack flow conductivity optimization of the fracture condudtiviy along whole seam length direction, improves the transformation of tight gas reservoir fractured horizontal well
Validity and effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the infinitely great gas reservoir frac water horizontal well physical model schematic diagram of upper top bottom closing；
Fig. 2 is that two dimensional surface crack is segmented and discretization schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is gas flow schematic diagram in gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well single-blade crack；
Fig. 4 is yield spatial distribution map when the 1st crack is produced 1 day under different flow conductivities are distributed；
Fig. 5 is the cumulative production comparison diagram of production 360 days under different fracture condudtiviy distribution schemes；
Fig. 6 is the fracture condudtiviy optimum results of example pressure break horizontal well.
Embodiment
Illustrate further below using how the present invention specifically realizes that a certain tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well crack is led
The Optimization Design of stream ability, it is specific as follows：
It is a certain to treat that fracturing stratum reservoir, fluid and crack basic parameter are as follows：
Certain tight gas reservoir horizontal well buried depth 2800m, horizontal section length is 500m, and effective thickness is 25m, and porosity is
12.0%, permeability is 0.75 × 10-3μm2, gas-bearing formation temperature is 68 DEG C, and gas viscosity is 0.035mPas, deviation factor for gas
For 0.89, gas critical pressure 4.64MPa, 88 DEG C of gas critical-temperature；Stratum system compressibility is 3.5 × 10-4MPa-1,
Strata pressure is that 30MPa, flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) are 25MPa.Uniformly press off to form 4 cracks, fracture length along horizontal well pit shaft
75.0m, fracture permeabgility is 200 μm2。
1) fracture condudtiviy distribution scheme is designed
Under the conditions of the fracture condudtiviy of pressure break horizontal well is fracture width after pressure break and reservoir buried depth closure stress
The product of proppant permeability (Li Yingchuan is edited, petroleum production engineering [J] petroleum industry publishing house, 2009).Under reservoir buried depth
Proppant permeability determines that therefore the key that fracture condudtiviy optimizes is exactly that hydraulic fracture is wide by selected proppant type
The optimization of degree.
For the ease of optimizing the fracture width of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well, it is assumed that fracture width is linear gradually along seam length direction
Become：The fracture width of (crack root) is maximum i.e. at pressure break horizontal well pit shaft, tapered into along seam length direction fracture width, it is assumed that
4 kinds of fracture width change programmes, scheme I：wmax=wmin=2.75mm；Scheme II：wmax=3mm, wmin=2.5mm；Scheme
III：wmax=4mm, wmin=1.5mm；Scheme IV：wmax=5mm, wmin=0.5mm.
2) the 1st crack output distribotion under different fracture condudtiviy distribution schemes is calculated
Crack output distribotion curve when Fig. 4 is the crack of pressure break horizontal well the 1st production 1d.As can be seen that in crack root
There is local peaking in portion's yield, is caused because pressure is lower in root, crack；From contrast fracture condudtiviy
Distribution scheme I, II, III, IV crack volume analysis can be seen that with the increase of crack root width, the yield peak value of root
Reduction；" double U " types distribution characteristics show as typical non-homogeneous aerogenesis feature, gas for output distribotion presentation on whole crack
Mainly pass through crack root and end output；With the increase of crack root width, interlude yield increase in crack is intended to along whole
The feature that individual crack section is uniformly produced, is conducive to well production of improving the standard.
3) cumulative production that the pressure break horizontal well under different fracture condudtiviy distributions produces 360 days is calculated
Fig. 5 is the cumulative production comparison diagram that pressure break horizontal well produces 360d along under seam 4 kinds of width distribution schemes of length direction.Can
To find out, under the conditions of the average slit width (being 2.75mm) of identical, due to the distributional difference of fracture width, 360d is caused to add up
There is larger difference (scheme I in yield：1534.50×104m3, scheme IV：1564.06×104m3), this shows can be by excellent
Change slit width distribution to improve pressure break horizontal well production.From the point of view of influence of the changes of slit length to yield, with root and end portion width
Difference increases, and pressure break horizontal well increases；But after difference increase to a certain extent, yield increasing degree reduces, and exists preferred
Fracture width is distributed.In this example, it is contemplated that during long-term production, be crushed due to proppant, the factor such as fracturing fluid residue
Crack effective width is caused to narrow, preferably crack root width is that 4mm, fracture tip width are 1.5mm, that is to say crack root
Flow conductivity is 200 μm2× 4mm=80 μm2.cm, fracture tip width is 200 μm2× 1.5mm=30 μm2.cm。
Fig. 6 is the fracture condudtiviy optimum results of example well.
4) 10 mouthfuls of water horizontal wells have carried out field conduct to the optimisation technique at the scene.Present invention optimization tight gas reservoir pressure break level
The method of well fracture condudtiviy makes crack inner support agent distribution more be intended to the laying of optimization, obtains preferably stable life
Production capacity power：3.52 × l0 of average temperature yield is obtained after 10 mouthfuls of well transformations4m3/ d, higher than 3.30 × l0 before optimization4m3/ d, increases
Produce effect obvious.Illustrate the applicability and reliability of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for optimizing tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well fracture condudtiviy, is mainly included the following steps that：
1) reservoir, fluid properties, horizontal well pit shaft basic parameter are collected；
2) pressure break horizontal well crack basic parameter is collected；
3) crack of pressure break horizontal well is averagely divided into the congruence of equal length along seam length direction；
4) the Reservoir Seepage model of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well Fracture System is set up；
5) Pressure Drop Model that gas flows in crack is set up；
6) flow model of the coupled gas in Reservoir Seepage and crack is set up, the yield meter of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is formed
Calculate model；
7) fracture condudtiviy of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is optimized；
The step 1) in collect reservoir, fluid properties, horizontal well pit shaft basic parameter, specifically include Original strata stress direction, storage
Thickness degree, porosity, permeability, gas viscosity, gas critical pressure, deviation factor for gas, reservoir temperature, gas stagnation temperature
Degree, horizontal well orientation, Horizontal Well tube length degree；
The step 2) in collect pressure break horizontal well crack basic parameter and include：Between hydraulic fracture orientation, Number of Fractures, crack
Away from, crack location, fracture length；
The step 3) in the crack of pressure break horizontal well is averagely divided into the congruence of equal length along seam length direction；
The step 4) set up the Reservoir Seepage model for calculating tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well Fracture System, including following basic step
Suddenly：
(1) a bite pressure break horizontal well, horizontal well in the physical model of pressure break horizontal well, the infinitely great reservoir of upper top bottom closing are set up
The fracturing fracture for being completely penetrated reservoir is divided into some sections, and reservoir gas flows first to crack and flows to horizontal well by crack again
Cylinder；Horizontal well radius is rw, length is L, and well is (x in reservoir center position coordinates0,y1,z0)-(x0,y2,z0), and it is flat with y-axis
OK；Reservoir homogeneous isotropism, thickness is that h, porosity φ, permeability K are constant；At the beginning of horizontal wellbore is infinite fluid diversion, reservoir
Beginning pressure is constant pi；Because fracturing fracture runs through oil reservoir, therefore the flowing of infinitely great formation breakdown horizontal well whole system can
The Radial Flow in plane oil reservoir is reduced to, crack can be reduced to a congruence；
(2) for the ease of solving, kth crack single-blade is divided into ns sections, is Δ x per segment lengthfk, Δ xfk=xfk/ns；It is each
The individual congruence can be processed into the production consideration of a bite straight well；Yield is continually changing straight well in process of production, but if by between the time
Every obtaining very little, it is definite value that can be approximately considered the yield within this time, and the whole production phase t of pressure break horizontal well is divided into
Equal time interval Δ t, the t=m Δ t of m spacing；
Being located on kth crack has a congruence i (yield is qfk,i) it is located at M (xfk,i,yfk) place, there is a point of observation on the k+1 of crack
O(xfk+1,j,yfk+1), in the case where considering fluid volume coefficient, the pressure that congruence i is produced after production time Δ t in O points
Land and be：
In formula：piFor original formation pressure, MPa；pfk+1,jFor the pressure at the crack jth congruence sides of fracture of kth+1, MPa；qfk,i
For the yield of i-th congruence on kth crack, m3/s；μ is viscosity of crude, mPa.s；B is volume factor, zero dimension；(xfk,i,
yfk) for the coordinate (m, m) of i-th congruence on kth crack；(xfk+1,j, yfk+1) for the coordinate of the jth congruence on the crack of kth+1
(m,m)；K is reservoir permeability, 10-3μm2；H is reservoir thickness, m；η is piezometric conductivity, μm2/(mPa·s×MPa-1), η=K/
μcφ；C is stratum system compressibility, MPa-1；φ is reservoir porosity, zero dimension；Δ t is production time, s；K compiles for crack
Number；I, j number for the crack congruence；
(3) when containing multiple continuous congruences on the k of crack, each congruence of k cracks can obtain while when producing according to principle of stacking
The drop of pressure produced at point of observation O；After the same method, pressure break horizontal well formation N cracks can be also obtained, altogether N
In the drop of pressure of O points the × 2ns crack congruence is produced simultaneously when：
In formula：N is pressure break horizontal well Number of Fractures, bar；Ns is crack single-blade congruence number；
(4) when reservoir fluid is gas, changed according to the definition of pressure function and actual gas state equation, and by underground yield
Into the gas yield in the case of ground standard, formula (2) can be written as:
In formula：μgFor gas viscosity, mPas；pscFor gas critical pressure, MPa；Z is deviation factor for gas, zero dimension；T is
Reservoir temperature, DEG C；TscFor gas critical-temperature, DEG C；
Formula (3) is exactly all slits congruence while the drop of pressure equation produced after production time Δ t in O points, the equation considers
Effect is interfered between crack and crack each congruence.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 5) calculate the pressure drop mould that gas flows in crack
Type, including following basic step：
(1) consider that hydraulic fracture width becomes narrow gradually along seam length direction, by crack section processing in echelon, the crack root of kth+1
Portion's width is wfk+1,max, end portion width is wfk+1,min；For the ease of calculate, by each congruence processing it is rectangular calculated,
Line taking converges central point width for congruence width；Using the intersection point of crack and horizontal wellbore as origin, apart from horizontal wellbore xjThe jth at place
The width of the individual congruence is：
wfk+1,j=wfk+1,min+(wfk+1,max-wfk+1,min)×(xfk+1-xfk+1,j)/xfk+1 (4)
The average crack width w of j-th of congruencefk+1,averjFor：
wfk+1,aver j=(wfk+1,j+wfk+1,j-1)/2 (5)
In formula：wfk+1,jFor the fracture width of the crack jth congruence of kth+1, m；wfk+1,maxFor the crack of kth+1 root width, m；
wfk+1,minFor the crack end portion width of kth+1, m；xfk+1Long, the m for the crack single slot of kth+1；xfk+1,jFor the crack of kth+1
The jth congruence is in the x-direction apart from the distance of pit shaft, m；wfk+1,averjFor the crack jth congruence mean breadth of kth+1, m；
(2) consider that gas meets linear flow in crack, congruence j (point O on the crack of kth+1 are calculated according to Darcy's lawfk+1,j)
The pressure loss for flowing to horizontal wellbore is：
In formula：pfk+1,0For the crack of kth+1 and the pressure of horizontal wellbore intersection, MPa；kfk+1For the permeability in the crack of kth+1,
10-3μm2。
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 6) calculate the pressure break horizontal well production of tight gas reservoir
Amount, including following basic step：
(1) coupling model flowed in Reservoir Seepage-crack is set up
The process that gas flows to horizontal wellbore from reservoir can be divided into two processes of flowing, formula (3), formula in gas reservoir seepage flow and crack
(6) corresponding descriptive equation has been had been built up；Split in view of gas when storing up intrastratal flow and fluid flows in crack
Pressure at slotted wall face is equal, can set up pressure continuity equation；As it is assumed that pit shaft infinite fluid diversion, each crack with level
Pit shaft intersection O0Pressure it is equal, stable bottom hole pressure (pwf) production when boundary condition be：
pfk+1,0=pwf (7)
In formula：pwfFor horizontal wellbore flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP), MPa；
Simultaneous equations (3), (6), (7) arrange the flow equation for obtaining the crack of kth+1 jth congruence gas reservoir-crack coupling：
Variable is the yield of each congruence in formula (8), thus establishes the wink that pressure break horizontal well crack is coupled with gas reservoir
State seepage experiment；Due to bottom pressure pwf, it is known that the linear side that the N × 2ns linear equation set up according to formula (8) is constituted
Journey group, can try to achieve the yield of each congruence；
(2) the transient state yield of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is calculated
Due to considering that gas is only flowed into horizontal wellbore by crack, so the total output of pressure break horizontal well is a pressure break horizontal well
The sum of all congruence yield on crack：
The yield of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well can be tried to achieve according to formula (9)；
(3) the unstable state yield of tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well is calculated
Equation (8), (9) establish the computational methods of each congruence and pressure break horizontal well production under the Δ t times；For each congruence
Speech, because yield can change with the production time, at this moment needs to try to achieve the value of any time using time superposition；If the time
Step-length is Δ t, as t=m Δ t (m-th of period ending), then the crack jth point sink of kth+1 can be obtained：
In formula：
As producing the Production rate of Δ t time spans, constrained according to bottom pressure constraint and total output, constitute Closure equation
Group is solved, since the 1st time Δ t step-length, and circulation is solved, until calculating the Production rate knot under m-th of Δ t step-length
Really.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 7) crack of optimization tight gas reservoir pressure break horizontal well
Flow conductivity, including following basic step：
(1) different fracture condudtiviy distribution schemes are set along seam length direction；
(2) the crack output distribotion situation under different fracture condudtiviy distributions is calculated；
(3) cumulative production that the pressure break horizontal well under different fracture condudtiviy distributions produces 360 days is calculated, with reference to cumulative production
As a result and engineering technology condition is considered, preferably optimal fracture condudtiviy distribution scheme.
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