CN109826182B - Liquid nitrogen freezer with partition plates on freezing pipes and construction method - Google Patents
Liquid nitrogen freezer with partition plates on freezing pipes and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109826182B CN109826182B CN201910093943.6A CN201910093943A CN109826182B CN 109826182 B CN109826182 B CN 109826182B CN 201910093943 A CN201910093943 A CN 201910093943A CN 109826182 B CN109826182 B CN 109826182B
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Abstract
A liquid nitrogen freezer with a partition plate on a freezing pipe and a construction method are disclosed, which are used for sealing water and reinforcing a freezing section soil body in rapid rescue freezing method construction. The freezing pipe joint is formed by welding two sections of freezing pipes and an annular partition plate, and deformable elastic supports are arranged at intervals on the inner edge of the partition plate to ensure that the liquid supply pipe is positioned in the center of the freezing pipe. Liquid spraying holes are formed in the liquid supply pipe in the range of the subareas needing to be frozen, and sprayed liquid nitrogen is gasified in the space between the partition plates to absorb heat and refrigerate, so that a frozen wall is formed outside the freezing pipe. And the liquid supply pipe is not provided with a hole in the freezing range, and the nitrogen gas after the lower part is gasified is discharged along the annular space between the liquid supply pipe and the partition plate, so that the nitrogen gas is frozen at different positions at intervals in the freezing depth range, and a freezing wall required by construction is formed. The freezing pipe is simple in construction method, can save the using amount of liquid nitrogen, reduces the frost heaving amount and meets special construction requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquid nitrogen freezer with a partition plate on a freezing pipe and a construction method, in particular to a liquid nitrogen freezer with a partition plate on a freezing pipe and a construction method, which are suitable for sealing water and reinforcing a freezing section soil body in rapid emergency freezing method construction.
Background
The artificial freezing method is to freeze water in stratum by means of artificial refrigeration technology to change natural rock and soil into frozen soil, raise its strength and stability, isolate the connection between underground water and underground engineering and facilitate construction under the protection of frozen wall. Two common construction methods are adopted, one is freezing with saline water, the other is freezing with liquid nitrogen, and the two methods have the advantages and the disadvantages respectively, and the liquid nitrogen is usually frozen rapidly in emergency construction. The liquid nitrogen is used as the refrigerant, so that the low temperature which is difficult to achieve by common freezing can be achieved, and the purpose of quick freezing is achieved. Drilling a hole in a stratum to be frozen in advance, putting a special freezer in the hole, evaporating liquid nitrogen in the special freezer, and taking away a large amount of heat in a soil layer around the freezer to rapidly freeze the soil layer, wherein the freezing speed of the soil layer is more than 10 times of that of common salt water. The freezer is a key component in the process of freezing liquid nitrogen, and generally consists of a freezing pipe and a liquid supply pipe arranged inside the freezing pipe, so that circulation of the liquid nitrogen and gasified nitrogen is realized. Because the size of the liquid supply pipe in the freezing pipe is small, the position in the freezing pipe cannot be accurately controlled, the liquid nitrogen distribution and gasification process control difficulty in the freezing pipe is high, the development of frozen soil around the freezing pipe cannot be accurately controlled, and the uniformity of a frozen wall formed by freezing the liquid nitrogen is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the liquid nitrogen freezer with the partition plates on the freezing pipes and the construction method are provided, the effects of different positions of the outer walls of the freezing pipes are accurately controlled, the formed frozen soil range is reasonable and effective, and unnecessary frozen soil areas outside the design range are reduced, so that the freezing quality is improved, the liquid nitrogen use amount is saved, the freezing time is reduced, and the frost heaviness in the freezing process is controlled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the liquid nitrogen freezing pipe with the partition plate on the freezing pipe is characterized in that: the freezing pipe comprises a freezing pipe with a columnar structure and two sealed ends, wherein an upper sealing plate is arranged at the top of the freezing pipe, a lower sealing plate is arranged at the bottom of the freezing pipe, a liquid supply pipe penetrating through the upper sealing plate and penetrating through the freezing pipe is arranged in the circle center of the freezing pipe, a plug is arranged at the bottom of the liquid supply pipe, the top of the liquid supply pipe extends out of the upper sealing plate, a bottom cone of the freezing pipe is arranged at the bottom of the freezing pipe, an air outlet pipe communicated with the inside and the outside of the freezing pipe is arranged on the upper sealing plate at one side of the liquid supply pipe at the top of the freezing pipe, a plurality of partition plates for dividing the freezing pipe into a plurality of spaces are arranged on the liquid supply pipe, the positions of the partition plates are arranged according to requirements, the size of the space inside of the freezing pipe is adjusted and divided by adjusting the positions of the partition plates, the, the liquid nitrogen is conveniently sprayed out from the liquid spraying holes, and after the liquid nitrogen is gasified in the space between the partition plates, the gas moves upwards along the gap between the partition plates and the freezing pipe and is finally discharged by the gas outlet pipe.
The utility model discloses a liquid supply pipe, including liquid supply pipe, the installation of liquid supply pipe, the trompil mode of spray hole quantity and size on the liquid supply pipe set up as required, spray hole equidistant range or zigzag arrangement, set for according to the condition and freezing time etc. of actual soil layer, insert at the liquid supply pipe and freeze the pipe in-process, elastic support takes place to warp under the effect of spring, make things convenient for the insertion construction of liquid supply pipe, can guarantee simultaneously that the liquid supply pipe is located and freezes the pipe center, make the liquid nitrogen around the liquid supply pipe form annular space between baffle and baffle, the annular space gasification's between baffle and baffle effect of liquid nitrogen differs by a little.
The freezing pipe is formed by mutually welding a plurality of cylinders, and the number of the cylinders is set according to actual processing requirements.
A construction method of a liquid nitrogen freezer with a partition plate on a freezing pipe comprises the following steps;
firstly, measuring the depth range of the bottom layer to be frozen according to the actual construction requirement, arranging an injection hole at the position needing to be perforated along the direction of the freezing pipe according to the measurement condition, and not arranging an injection hole (3) at the position needing not to be frozen,
the second part is that five spring supports are welded at the inner edge of the partition plate, the partition plate is arranged between two cylinders forming the freezing pipe and welded together to form a freezing pipe unit, and a plurality of freezing pipe units are combined together in front and back to form liquid nitrogen freezing pipes with different partition plate intervals according to the freezing depth required in the actual situation;
thirdly, one end of the liquid supply pipe is plugged by using a plug, the liquid supply pipe is inserted into the freezing pipe along a spring support on a partition plate by taking the end provided with the plug as a head part, a lower sealing plate is installed at the bottom of the freezing pipe, a bottom cone of the freezing pipe is installed on the lower sealing plate, a liquid supply pipe hole matched with the size of the liquid supply pipe is formed in the circle center of the upper sealing plate, the end, which is not plugged, of the liquid supply pipe extends out of the upper sealing plate, an air outlet pipe hole matched with the air outlet pipe is formed in one side of the liquid supply pipe hole, and the air outlet pipe;
and fourthly, when freezing, injecting liquid nitrogen into the liquid supply pipe, spraying the liquid nitrogen through liquid spraying holes in the liquid supply pipe, gasifying the liquid nitrogen between the partition plates through a porous spraying mode, discharging gas along a gap between the partition plates and the liquid supply pipe, and finally discharging the gas from the gas outlet pipe.
The freezing pipes are partitioned by utilizing the partition plates, the distance between the partition plates, the number and the positions of the holes and the injection amount of liquid nitrogen are utilized, so that the liquid nitrogen is gasified in the partition plates to generate a more uniform freezing effect, the liquid supply pipe wall does not have holes at the position where the freezing is not needed, the nitrogen discharged from the lower part is discharged along the annular space between the partition plates and the liquid supply pipe, the liquid nitrogen cannot enter the space between the partition plates without liquid spraying holes, and the heat of the surrounding soil layer is absorbed mainly through the liquid-gas conversion of the liquid nitrogen due to the refrigeration, so that the gasified nitrogen cannot generate the refrigeration effect through the region of the freezing pipes without the spraying holes from the annular space, the outward transmission of cold energy is limited, and the freezing pipes cannot be frozen within the depth range.
Has the advantages that:
1. the freezing pipe is sealed up and down, a liquid supply pipe which passes through the upper sealing plate and penetrates through the freezing pipe is arranged in the circle center of the freezing pipe, the bottom of the liquid supply pipe is provided with a plug, the top of the liquid supply pipe extends out of the upper sealing plate, the bottom of the freezing pipe is provided with a freezing pipe bottom cone, the upper sealing plate on one side of the liquid supply pipe on the top of the freezing pipe is provided with an air outlet pipe communicated with the inside and the outside of the freezing pipe, the liquid supply pipe is provided with a plurality of partition plates which divide the freezing pipe into a plurality of spaces, the positions of the partition plates are arranged according to requirements, the size of the space which divides the freezing pipe is adjusted by adjusting the positions of the partition plates, the partition plates are of annular structures, the outer sides of the partition plates are fixed with the inner wall of the freezing pipe, a gap is reserved between the inner sides of the partition plates and the liquid supply pipe, a plurality of spring supports are arranged in the middle, and finally, the gas is discharged through a gas outlet pipe. Therefore, the liquid supply pipe is arranged at the center of the freezing pipe, the liquid nitrogen has the same gasification effect between the partition plate and the partition plate, and the whole freezing pipe is frozen more uniformly.
2. The liquid spraying holes and the size of the liquid spraying holes are arranged on the liquid supply pipe as required, the hole opening mode is set according to the actual soil layer condition, the freezing time and the like, the elastic support can deform when the liquid supply pipe is inserted into the inner partition plate of the freezing pipe, the insertion construction of the liquid supply pipe is facilitated, the liquid supply pipe can be guaranteed to be located in the center of the freezing pipe, and the liquid nitrogen around the liquid supply pipe has little difference in the gasification effect of the annular space between the partition plate and the partition plate. The wall of the liquid supply pipe in the middle of the clapboard is provided with a liquid spraying hole, and the sprayed liquid nitrogen is gasified and absorbs heat in the middle space of the clapboard. The liquid nitrogen is gasified into gas to absorb the heat of the surrounding soil body, so that no hole is formed on the wall of the liquid supply pipe at the position where freezing is not needed, the nitrogen gas after the liquid nitrogen gasification is discharged along the annular space between the partition plate and the liquid supply pipe and cannot enter the space between the partition plates without liquid spraying holes to generate a refrigeration effect, the outward transmission of cold energy is limited, and the freezing effect cannot be formed within the depth range.
3. Elastic supports are welded at intervals on the inner edge of the partition plate, the partition plate is arranged between two cylinders forming the freezing pipe and welded together to form a freezing pipe unit with the partition plate in the middle, and a plurality of freezing pipe units are combined together front and back according to the freezing depth required in the actual situation to form liquid nitrogen freezing pipes with different partition plate intervals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid nitrogen freezer with a baffle on the liquid supply tube of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the liquid nitrogen freezer with a partition on the liquid supply tube of the present invention at 1-1.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a freezing unit of the liquid nitrogen freezer with a partition on the liquid supply tube of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a freezing unit of the liquid nitrogen freezer with a partition on the liquid supply tube according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a liquid supply tube structure of the present invention.
In the figure, a freezing pipe-1, a liquid supply pipe-2, a liquid spraying hole-3, a clapboard-4, a plug-5, a lower sealing plate-6, a freezing pipe bottom cone-7, an upper sealing plate-8, an air outlet pipe-9 and a spring support-10.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figure 1, the liquid nitrogen freezing pipe with the partition plates on the freezing pipe comprises a freezing pipe 1 which is of a columnar structure and two ends of which are sealed, wherein an upper sealing plate 8 is arranged at the top of the freezing pipe 1, a lower sealing plate 6 is arranged at the bottom of the freezing pipe 1, a liquid supply pipe 2 which penetrates through the upper sealing plate 8 and penetrates through the freezing pipe 1 is arranged in the circle center of the freezing pipe 1, a plug 5 is arranged at the bottom of the liquid supply pipe 2, the top of the liquid supply pipe extends out of the upper sealing plate 8, a freezing pipe base cone 7 is arranged at the bottom of the freezing pipe 1, an air outlet pipe 9 communicated with the inside and the outside of the freezing pipe 1 is arranged on the upper sealing plate 8 at one side of the liquid supply pipe 2 at the top of the freezing pipe 1, a plurality of partition plates 4 which divide the freezing pipe 1 into a plurality of spaces are arranged on the liquid supply pipe 2, the partition plates 4 are arranged according to requirements, a gap is reserved between the inner side of the partition plate 4 and the liquid supply pipe 2, a plurality of spring supports 10 are arranged in the gap at intervals, a plurality of liquid spraying holes 3 are formed in the side face of the liquid supply pipe 2, liquid nitrogen is conveniently sprayed out of the liquid spraying holes 3, and after the liquid nitrogen is gasified in the space between the partition plates 4, the gas moves upwards along the gap between the partition plates 4 and the freezing pipe 1 and is finally discharged through the gas outlet pipe 9.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the number and size of the liquid spray holes 3 disposed on the liquid supply tube 2 are set as required, the liquid spray holes 3 are arranged at equal intervals or in a hole opening manner at zigzag intervals, which is set according to the actual soil condition, freezing time and the like, when the liquid supply tube 2 is inserted into the freezing tube 1, the elastic support 10 is deformed under the action of the spring, thereby facilitating the insertion construction of the liquid supply tube 2, and simultaneously ensuring that the liquid supply tube 2 is located at the center of the freezing tube 1, so that liquid nitrogen around the liquid supply tube 2 forms an annular space between the partition plate and the partition plate, and the gasification effect of the liquid nitrogen in the annular space is not very different.
The freezing pipe 1 is formed by welding a plurality of cylinders, and the number of the cylinders is set according to actual processing requirements.
A construction method of a liquid nitrogen freezer comprises the following steps;
firstly, measuring the depth range of the bottom layer to be frozen according to the actual construction requirement, arranging an injection hole 3 at the position needing to be perforated along the direction of the freezing pipe 1 according to the measurement condition, not arranging the injection hole 3 at the position needing not to be frozen,
a second part, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, welding five spring supports 10 at the inner edge of the partition plate 4, arranging the partition plate 4 between two cylinders forming the freezing pipe 1, welding them together to form a freezing pipe unit, and combining a plurality of freezing pipe units together in front and back according to the freezing depth required in actual conditions to form liquid nitrogen freezing pipes 1 with different partition plate intervals;
thirdly, one end of the liquid supply pipe 2 is plugged by using a plug 5, the liquid supply pipe 2 is inserted into the freezing pipe 1 along a spring support 10 on a partition plate 4 by taking one end provided with the plug 5 as a head part, a lower sealing plate 6 is installed at the bottom of the freezing pipe 1, a bottom cone 7 of the freezing pipe is installed on the lower sealing plate 6, a liquid supply pipe hole matched with the size of the liquid supply pipe 2 is formed in the circle center of an upper sealing plate 8, the end, which is not plugged, of the liquid supply pipe 2 extends out of the upper sealing plate 8, an air outlet pipe hole matched with an air outlet pipe 9 is formed in one side of the liquid supply pipe hole, and the air outlet pipe 9 is;
and fourthly, when freezing is carried out, liquid nitrogen is injected into the liquid supply pipe 2, the liquid nitrogen is sprayed out through the liquid spraying holes 3 on the liquid supply pipe 2, the liquid nitrogen is gasified between the partition plates 4 through a porous spraying mode, gas is discharged along a gap between the partition plates 4 and the liquid supply pipe 2, and finally the gas is discharged from the gas outlet pipe 9.
Utilize baffle 4 to freeze the pipe and divide the piece, the interval of baffle 4, the quantity and the position of trompil, the volume of penetrating of liquid nitrogen, thereby liquid nitrogen gasifies in the baffle, produce more even freezing effect, and in the position that need not freeze, do not trompil on the feed pipe wall, lower part exhaust nitrogen gas is discharged along the annular space between baffle and the feed pipe, liquid nitrogen can not get into the space between the baffle 4 that does not set up hydrojet hole 3, thereby because the refrigeration mainly absorbs the heat of surrounding soil layer through the liquid-gas conversion of liquid nitrogen, consequently, gasified nitrogen gas can not produce the refrigeration effect through the freezing pipe 1 region that does not open jet hole 3 from the annular space, consequently, the outside transmission of cold volume has been restricted, thereby can not form the frozen wall in this degree of depth scope
The specific embodiment is as follows:
firstly, measuring the depth range of a bottom layer needing to be frozen according to the actual construction requirement, arranging an injection hole 3 at a position needing to be perforated along the direction of a freezing pipe 1 according to the measurement condition, not arranging the injection hole 3 at a position needing not to be frozen, welding five spring supports 10 at the inner edge of a partition plate, and welding the upper part and the lower part of a circular partition plate 4 with the freezing pipes 1 at two ends to form joints of the freezing pipe 1 in the middle of the partition plate at two sides. In the construction, joints with partition plates are welded at different positions of the freezing pipes 1 according to the freezing depth requirement to form liquid nitrogen freezing pipes 1 with different partition plate intervals;
secondly, one end of the liquid supply pipe is plugged by using a plug 5, the liquid supply pipe is inserted into the freezing pipe along a spring support 10 on a partition plate by taking one end provided with the plug 5 as a head part, a lower sealing plate 6 is installed at the bottom of the freezing pipe 1, a bottom cone 7 of the freezing pipe is installed on the lower sealing plate, a liquid supply pipe hole matched with the size of the liquid supply pipe is formed in the circle center of an upper sealing plate 8, the end, which is not plugged, of the liquid supply pipe 2 extends out of the upper sealing plate 8, an air outlet pipe hole matched with an air outlet pipe is formed in one side of the liquid supply pipe hole, and the air outlet pipe hole;
and thirdly, when freezing is carried out, liquid nitrogen is injected into the liquid supply pipe 2, the liquid nitrogen is sprayed out through the liquid spraying holes 3 on the liquid supply pipe, the liquid nitrogen is gasified between the partition plates 4 through a porous spraying mode, gas is discharged along a gap between the partition plates 4 and the liquid supply pipe 2, and finally the gas is discharged from the gas outlet pipe 9.
Claims (4)
1. A liquid nitrogen freezer with a partition plate on a freezing pipe is characterized in that: the freezing pipe comprises a freezing pipe (1) with a columnar structure and two sealed ends, wherein an upper sealing plate (8) is arranged at the top of the freezing pipe (1), a lower sealing plate (6) is arranged at the bottom of the freezing pipe, a liquid supply pipe (2) which penetrates through the upper sealing plate (8) and penetrates through the freezing pipe (1) is arranged in the circle center of the freezing pipe (1), a seal (5) is arranged at the bottom of the liquid supply pipe (2), the top of the liquid supply pipe extends out of the upper sealing plate (8), a freezing pipe base cone (7) is arranged at the bottom of the freezing pipe (1), an air outlet pipe (9) which is communicated with the inside and the outside of the freezing pipe (1) is arranged on the upper sealing plate (8) at one side of the liquid supply pipe (2) at the top of the freezing pipe (1), a plurality of partition plates (4) which divide the freezing pipe (1) into a plurality of spaces are arranged on the liquid supply pipe (2), the, the partition plate (4) is of an annular structure, the outer side of the partition plate (4) is fixed with the inner wall of the freezing pipe (1), a gap is reserved between the inner side of the partition plate (4) and the liquid supply pipe (2), a plurality of spring supports (10) are arranged in the gap at intervals, in the process that the liquid supply pipe (2) is inserted into the freezing pipe (1), the elastic supports (10) deform under the action of springs, the insertion construction of the liquid supply pipe (2) is facilitated, meanwhile, the liquid supply pipe (2) can be ensured to be positioned at the center of the freezing pipe (1), liquid nitrogen around the liquid supply pipe (2) forms an annular space between the partition plate (4) and the partition plate (4), the gasification effect of the annular space between the partition plate (4) and the partition plate (4) is not large, the whole freezing pipe (1) is more uniformly frozen, a plurality of liquid spraying holes (3) are formed in the side face of the liquid supply pipe (2), and the liquid nitrogen, after the gas is gasified in the space between the partition plates (4), the gas moves upwards along the gap between the partition plates (4) and the freezing pipe (1) and is finally discharged by the gas outlet pipe (9).
2. A liquid nitrogen freezer with baffles on freezing tubes as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the number and the size of the liquid spraying holes (3) arranged on the side surface of the liquid supply pipe (2) and the hole opening mode of the equidistant arrangement or the zigzag interval are set according to the condition of the actual soil layer, the freezing time and the like.
3. A liquid nitrogen freezer with baffles on freezing tubes as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the freezing pipe (1) is formed by welding a plurality of cylinders, and the number of the cylinders is set according to actual processing requirements.
4. A method of constructing a liquid nitrogen freezer using the freezing tube with a baffle according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the steps of;
firstly, measuring the depth range of the bottom layer to be frozen according to the actual construction requirement, arranging an injection hole (3) at the position needing to be perforated along the direction of a freezing pipe (1) according to the measurement condition, not arranging the injection hole (3) at the position needing not to be frozen,
secondly, welding five spring supports (10) at the inner edge of the partition plate (4), arranging the partition plate (4) between two cylinders forming the freezing pipe (1) and welding the two cylinders together to form a freezing pipe unit, and combining a plurality of freezing pipe units in front and back to form liquid nitrogen freezing pipes (1) with different partition plate intervals according to the freezing depth required in actual conditions;
thirdly, plugging one end of the liquid supply pipe (2) by using a plug (5), inserting the liquid supply pipe (2) into the freezing pipe (1) along a spring support (10) on a partition plate (4) by taking one end provided with the plug (5) as a head part, installing a lower sealing plate (6) at the bottom of the freezing pipe (1) and installing a freezing pipe bottom cone (7) on the lower sealing plate (6), opening a liquid supply pipe hole matched with the size of the liquid supply pipe (2) at the circle center of an upper sealing plate (8), extending the end, which is not plugged, of the liquid supply pipe (2) out of the upper sealing plate (8), opening an air outlet pipe hole matched with an air outlet pipe (9) at one side of the liquid supply pipe hole, and inserting the air outlet pipe (9);
fourthly, when freezing is carried out, liquid nitrogen is injected into the liquid supply pipe (2), the liquid nitrogen is sprayed out through the liquid spraying holes (3) on the liquid supply pipe (2), the liquid nitrogen is gasified between the partition plates (4) through a porous spraying mode, gas is discharged along a gap between the partition plates (4) and the liquid supply pipe (2), and finally the gas is discharged from the gas outlet pipe (9);
the freezing pipes are partitioned by utilizing the partition plates (4), the distance between the partition plates (4), the number and the positions of holes and the injection amount of liquid nitrogen are reduced, so that the liquid nitrogen is gasified in the partition plates to generate a relatively uniform freezing effect, the liquid supply pipe wall does not have holes at the position where freezing is not needed, nitrogen discharged from the lower part is discharged along the annular space between the partition plates and the liquid supply pipe, the liquid nitrogen cannot enter the space between the partition plates (4) without liquid spraying holes (3), and the refrigeration effect cannot be generated when the gasified nitrogen passes through the region of the freezing pipes (1) without the spraying holes (3) due to the fact that the refrigeration mainly absorbs the heat of the surrounding soil layer through the liquid-gas conversion of the liquid nitrogen, and therefore the outward transmission of cold energy is limited, and freezing cannot be performed within the depth range.
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| CN201910093943.6A CN109826182B (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2019-01-30 | Liquid nitrogen freezer with partition plates on freezing pipes and construction method |
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| CN201910093943.6A CN109826182B (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2019-01-30 | Liquid nitrogen freezer with partition plates on freezing pipes and construction method |
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| CN109826182B true CN109826182B (en) | 2020-09-04 |
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| CN112496440B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-12-14 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Hydraulic pipe cutter for horizontal freezing pipe in tunnel |
| CN115262526B (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2023-08-22 | 上海建工集团股份有限公司 | Artificial stratum freezing device and method with adjustable freezing position |
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| SU837999A1 (en) * | 1979-05-15 | 1981-06-15 | Новосибирский Филиал Всесоюзного Науч-Ho-Исследовательского Института Tpahc-Портного Строительства | Thermal pile |
| CN201031387Y (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-03-05 | 上海地铁运营有限公司 | Liquid nitrogen freeze coagulation device |
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