CN109825187B - Heat insulation coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Heat insulation coating and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109825187B
CN109825187B CN201711181643.0A CN201711181643A CN109825187B CN 109825187 B CN109825187 B CN 109825187B CN 201711181643 A CN201711181643 A CN 201711181643A CN 109825187 B CN109825187 B CN 109825187B
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heat
insulating
hydrophobic
hollow microspheres
amphiphobic
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CN109825187A (en
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简文政
孙景景
权�成
高翠雪
王彤
王军辉
周玉贵
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Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a heat insulation coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the heat insulation coating comprises a heat insulation resin system and a double-hydrophobic heat insulation filler, and the addition amount of the double-hydrophobic heat insulation filler is 10-30% of the mass of resin in the resin system; the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler is formed by grafting hollow microspheres with amphiphobic characteristic groups on the surfaces, wherein the amphiphobic characteristic groups are obtained by grafting reaction of the hollow microspheres and gasified fluorine-containing silane in a floating state. The heat-insulating filler grafted with the amphiphobic group capable of resisting high temperature is adopted, so that the heat-insulating coating has the hydrophobic and oleophobic characteristics, and compared with the existing heat-insulating coating technology, the maintainability and usability of the heat-insulating coating are improved.

Description

Heat insulation coating and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat insulation coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of functional composite materials.
Background
Various high-temperature components such as a kiln, a boiler, a pipeline and the like emit a large amount of heat outwards in the working process, so that the energy consumption of the equipment is increased on one hand, and the ambient temperature is increased to influence the normal work of other equipment or damage the operating personnel on the other hand. The heat insulation coating can be used as external heat insulation materials of various high-temperature parts due to high temperature resistance, good heat insulation effect and simple construction process, and has the effects of reducing equipment energy consumption and avoiding damage to other equipment and operators caused by high temperature.
The conventional heat insulation coating comprises two categories of high-temperature-resistant inorganic coating and organic silicon high-temperature-resistant heat insulation coating, the inorganic coating has high temperature resistance and low cost, and the organic heat insulation coating is easy to form a film and is convenient to modify so as to have multiple functions. At present, the technical research of the thermal insulation coating mainly focuses on improving the thermal insulation performance, the adhesion and the like of the coating, the research on the surface characteristics of the prepared coating is rare, and the thermal insulation coating is in contact with the severe environment with high humidity and more oil stains in the actual use process, so that the thermal insulation effect of the coating is easily influenced, the thermal insulation effect is reduced and even loses efficacy, and therefore the surface characteristics of the thermal insulation coating need to be improved to avoid the influence of water, oil and the like on the coating performance.
In the prior art, an auxiliary agent and a filler with hydrophobic and oleophobic functions are generally added into a coating or a matrix material of the coating is directly modified to enable the coating to have the amphiphobic characteristic.
Chinese patent CN103572604A discloses 1 water-and oil-proof agent and its preparation process and application, the composition and mass fraction of the water-and oil-proof agent are: 20 to 30 percent of fluorine-containing polymer, 3 to 20 percent of compatilizer, 1 to 5 percent of surfactant, 4 to 20 percent of hydrophilic solvent, 0.001 to 3 percent of pH adjusting auxiliary agent and water. The water-proof and oil-proof agent provided by the invention has good water-proof and oil-proof effects, is environment-friendly, and can better play the contribution of fluorine-containing substances to the water-proof and oil-proof effects and reduce the influence of a surfactant on the water-proof and oil-proof properties compared with products in the prior art. Chinese patent CN103601891A discloses 1 water-dispersible crosslinkable fluorosilicone resin, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in super-amphiphobic materials. The fluorine-containing polymer and the hydrophilic substance are grafted on the silicon-containing epoxy resin by a chemical grafting method, and meanwhile, part of epoxy groups are reserved. In the method, the epoxy component, the fluorine-containing component and the hydrophilic substance can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements. The fluorine-containing substance is firmly adhered to the surface of the base material in the form of polymer, so that the constructed super-amphiphobic coating has good durability, further meets the increasing requirements of the fields of modern coatings and surface treatment, and can be widely applied to the aspects of production and life of outer layer protection of military equipment, water and corrosion prevention of the outer layer of an oil pipeline, kitchen and toilet appliances, windshields, wood, buildings and the like. The modification is carried out on the normal-temperature weather-resistant coating, and the temperature resistance of the coating substrate is generally low, so that the coating substrate cannot be used for a heat-insulating coating.
Chinese patent CN105032731A discloses a preparation method of an energy-saving anti-icing and deicing coating compounded by a super-hydrophobic coating and a heating coating, and a hydrophobic coating is obtained by adding a filler with a hydrophobic effect. The preparation method of the filler with the hydrophobic effect is to perform hydrophobic modification in a liquid phase, needs to dilute by an organic solvent, is not suitable for overhigh heating temperature, has limited reaction activity, and is not high in temperature resistance and cannot be used for a heat insulation coating.
Chinese patent CN102604467B discloses a highly dispersed fluorine-containing nanoparticle and epoxy resin super-hydrophobic surface, the fluorine-containing nanoparticle is graft-modified in liquid phase, and chinese patent CN102304204A discloses a fluorine-containing bifunctional microsphere and its application, the fluorine-containing bifunctional microsphere is graft-modified in liquid phase. The modification methods of the two patents are both hydrophobic modification in a normal-temperature liquid phase, and have the defects that the reaction is carried out at normal temperature, the reaction activity is limited to a certain extent, and grafted hydrophobic and oleophobic groups are easy to fall off when contacting high temperature, so that the grafted hydrophobic and oleophobic groups are not suitable for modifying heat-insulating coatings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a heat-insulating coating with amphiphobic characteristics and a preparation method thereof.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the heat insulation coating comprises a heat insulation resin system and a double-hydrophobic heat insulation filler, wherein the addition amount of the double-hydrophobic heat insulation filler is 10-30% of the mass of resin in the resin system;
the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler is formed by grafting hollow microspheres with amphiphobic characteristic groups on the surfaces, wherein the amphiphobic characteristic groups are obtained by grafting reaction of the hollow microspheres and gasified fluorine-containing silane in a floating state.
The mass ratio of the hollow microspheres to the fluorine-containing silane is less than or equal to 100: 8; preferably 100: (10-15), the surface amphiphobic effect is not greatly influenced but is best in comprehensive performance by changing within an optimal range. If the addition amount of the fluorine-containing silane is lower than the range, the surface amphiphobic effect is insufficient, the contact angle to water and oil is small, and the purpose of amphiphobic is not achieved; if the addition amount of the fluorine-containing silane is high, the surface amphiphobic effect is not greatly improved, raw materials are wasted, and the economical efficiency of the heat-insulating coating is poor.
The hollow microspheres comprise one or a mixture of any more of aluminum silicate hollow microspheres, borate hollow microspheres, glass hollow microspheres, alumina hollow microspheres, silicon dioxide hollow microspheres, ceramic hollow microspheres, zirconia hollow microspheres, fly ash floating beads and the like. But not limited to this, as long as the hollow microsphere can satisfy the temperature resistant grade required by use and satisfy the dimensional type at the gasification temperature of the fluorine-containing silane, the gasification temperature of the existing fluorine-containing silane is generally lower than 200 ℃, and if the hollow microsphere is used in the heat insulation coating, the hollow microsphere is generally required to resist the temperature of more than 300 ℃.
The fluorine-containing silane used in the invention can be selected from mono-fluoro, a few fluoro or perfluoro alkane silane, and the like, including but not limited to common tridecafluorooctyl triethoxysilane, heptadecafluorodecyl triethoxysilane, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane, and the like.
The hollow microspheres are used for the heat-insulating coating, preferably subjected to high-temperature activation treatment, preferably subjected to high-temperature treatment at 300-400 ℃ for 4-5 hours, the specific temperature is determined according to the types of the hollow microspheres, and the high-temperature treatment temperature cannot be higher than the dimensional temperature of the hollow microspheres.
The invention has no special limitation on the type of the heat insulation resin system (comprising a resin matrix, a diluent, a curing agent and the like) in the heat insulation coating, and the heat insulation coating can be two-component or single-component and can be cured at room temperature or by heating. Any resin system can be used as long as it can be used as a heat insulating coating, and the specific temperature resistance of the obtained heat insulating coating depends on which resin system is used, such as various room temperature vulcanizable silicone rubbers or silicone-nitrogen rubbers, epoxy resins, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, phenol formaldehyde, epoxy-polyurethane, polysulfide-epoxy, etc., which are used in a commonly used room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber system and have a use temperature in the range of 600 ℃. The type and content of the curing agent used in the resin system are determined according to the type and quality of the adopted resin matrix, the proportion of the resin matrix and the curing agent in the preparation process is a known technology in the field, and the specific proportion can be adjusted according to actual requirements.
According to the invention, the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler with amphiphobic property is added into the heat-insulating coating, so that the coating of the heat-insulating coating after film formation has excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. The addition amount of the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler is 10-30% of the mass of the resin. Within the above-mentioned range, the larger the amount of the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler is, the better the heat-insulating effect is, and the less the influence on the amphiphobic property is. If the proportion of the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler is too low, the heat conductivity of the cured heat-insulating coating is higher, so that the heat-insulating effect is poor, and the amphiphobic performance of the coating is influenced to a certain extent; if the proportion of the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler is too high, the coating has poor film forming property and weak adhesive force with a matrix, and the long-term use effect of the heat-insulating coating is influenced.
A preparation method of a thermal insulation coating is realized by the following steps:
firstly, preparing the double-hydrophobic heat-insulating filler,
a1.1, activating the surface of the hollow microsphere,
treating the hollow microspheres at a high temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 4-5 h;
the invention adopts high temperature to carry out surface activation treatment on the hollow microspheres, thereby facilitating the subsequent reaction with gasified fluorine-containing silane.
The following process is preferred:
a1.1.1, removing the water vapor adsorbed on the surface of the hollow microsphere;
and (3) preserving the heat for 2-3 h at the temperature of 100-120 ℃, removing the water vapor adsorbed on the surfaces of the hollow microspheres, having no special requirement on the heating rate, and adopting a high-temperature oven and other heating equipment.
A1.1.2, heating the hollow microspheres from which water vapor is removed in the step A1.1.1 to 300-400 ℃, and preserving heat for 4-5 hours.
The temperature of the hollow microsphere surface activation treatment is 300-400 ℃, if the treatment temperature is too low, the activation effect is insufficient, and the subsequent surface double-hydrophobic effect is influenced; if the treatment temperature is too high, the particles tend to sinter, the dispersing effect is poor, and the surface amphiphobic effect is also negatively affected. Within the required treatment temperature and time range, the subsequent surface amphiphobic effect is not greatly influenced.
A1.2, enabling the hollow microspheres subjected to surface activation treatment in the step A1.1 to be in a suspension state, and reacting with gasified fluorine-containing silane for not less than 2 hours to obtain the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler;
the reaction time ensures that the grafting reaction is sufficient, and as many amphiphobic groups as possible are grafted, so that the reaction time cannot be less than 2 hours generally.
The step can be carried out by adopting a boiling dryer, but the equipment is not limited as long as the hollow microspheres are enabled to be in a suspension state to react with the gasified fluorine-containing silane. Suspending the hollow microspheres subjected to surface activation treatment by using airflow of a boiling dryer so as to ensure that the hollow microsphere particles are in full contact with a silane reagent; meanwhile, the boiling dryer gasifies the fluorine-containing silane by heating, increases the contact area with the hollow microsphere particles while improving the reaction activity, enables the double-hydrophobic groups grafted on the surfaces of the hollow microspheres to be high-temperature resistant, cannot fall off easily if contacting high temperature like the liquid-phase grafted hydrophobic and oleophobic groups, and is suitable for being used in a heat-insulating coating.
The second step, preparing the heat-insulating coating,
and adding the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler prepared in the first step into a heat-insulating resin system to obtain the heat-insulating coating.
The adding amount of the double-hydrophobic heat-insulating filler is 10-30% of the mass of the resin.
When the heat insulation coating is prepared in the step, a diluent and/or a curing agent can be added according to specific situations, and the method is well known in the art.
The thermal insulation coating is obtained by spraying the thermal insulation coating, the specific process parameters are known in the art, and the person skilled in the art selects the appropriate parameters according to the actual situation.
The invention is based on reasonable material composition design, and various materials are matched with each other through a smart processing mode, so that a good surface double-hydrophobic heat-insulation coating effect is achieved. The heat insulation resin system has excellent adhesion effect and can also achieve the effect of bearing heat insulation filler; the hollow microspheres treated by the fluorine-containing silane are added, so that the hydrophobic and oleophobic effects on the surface of the coating are improved while the heat insulation effect is achieved, the prepared heat insulation coating has the surface double-hydrophobic self-cleaning characteristic, and the maintainability and the practicability of the heat insulation coating are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the heat-insulating filler grafted with the amphiphobic group capable of resisting high temperature is adopted, so that the heat-insulating coating has the hydrophobic and oleophobic characteristics, and compared with the existing heat-insulating coating technology, the maintainability and usability of the heat-insulating coating are improved;
(2) the heat-insulating filler with the amphiphobic surface is prepared by means of high-temperature activation treatment, airflow-assisted dispersion, gas-phase contact reaction and the like, the reaction activity is improved under the heating condition, the contact area of reactants is increased in a gas-phase state, and the filler with better surface amphiphobic performance is favorably obtained;
(3) the preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, low requirement on preparation equipment, no need of large-scale complex equipment and short preparation period;
(4) the heat-insulating coating adopting the hydrophobic filler has contact angles with water and oil of more than 120 degrees, and has good double-hydrophobic self-cleaning property.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Proportioning:
glass hollow micro-bead 200g
Octobrifluorooctyltriethoxysilane 20g
The preparation process of the amphiphobic filler is as follows:
1. weighing 200g of glass hollow microspheres, placing the glass hollow microspheres in a container, heating the glass hollow microspheres to 100-120 ℃ in an oven, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, removing water vapor adsorbed on the surfaces of the hollow microspheres, then heating the glass hollow microspheres to 300 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4-5 hours;
2. weighing 20g of tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, placing the tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane in a fluidized bed dryer with a reflux device at the top, adjusting the temperature of hot gas to 150 ℃, pouring the heated glass hollow microspheres from a feeding port after the temperature is stable, reacting for 4 hours in the fluidized bed dryer, and then starting discharging to obtain the filler with the surface amphiphobic characteristic.
The amphiphobic filler obtained in the example is added into a KH-HP-RTV room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber system to prepare the heat-insulating coating with the amphiphobic characteristic.
The mixture ratio is as follows:
Figure GDA0001555734930000071
the preparation steps of the heat insulation coating are as follows:
1. 1000gKH-HP-RTV room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, 50g of curing agent and 500g of cyclohexane diluent are weighed and stirred for 5min at 1000rpm by using a mechanical stirrer to uniformly mix the three. Adding 100g of the amphiphobic glass hollow microspheres prepared by the example, and stirring for 20min at 500rpm by using a mechanical stirrer to mix uniformly to obtain a heat insulation coating;
2. weighing 1000g of heat insulation coating and 3000g of cyclohexane diluent, stirring for 5min at 1000rpm by using a mechanical stirrer, uniformly mixing the slurry, pouring the mixture into a spray can, connecting a compressed air pipeline to adjust the pressure to be 0.5MPa, spraying the slurry on the surface of an aluminum plate with the thickness of 2mm, and spraying 50 times to obtain the thickness of the heat insulation coating, wherein the thickness of the heat insulation coating is about 1.5 mm.
And (3) carrying out a contact angle test on the cured heat-insulating coating, wherein the contact angle of pure water is 132 degrees, and the contact angle of engine oil is 121 degrees, which shows that the heat-insulating coating has good hydrophobic and oleophobic performance. And (3) heating the prepared thermal insulation coating sample piece by adopting a quartz lamp for testing, and heating the sample piece at 300 ℃ for 150 seconds to ensure that the back temperature is 112.4 ℃.
Example 2
Proportioning:
silica cenosphere 500g
Heptadecafluorodecyltriethoxysilane 75g
The preparation process of the amphiphobic filler is as follows:
1. weighing 500g of silicon dioxide hollow microspheres, placing the silicon dioxide hollow microspheres in a container, heating the container in an oven to 100-120 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, removing water vapor adsorbed on the surfaces of the hollow microspheres, then heating the hollow microspheres to 400 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4-5 hours;
2. weighing 75g of decafluorodecyl triethoxysilane, placing the decafluorodecyl triethoxysilane in a boiling dryer with a reflux device at the top, adjusting the temperature of hot gas to 180 ℃, pouring the heated silica hollow microspheres from a feeding port after the temperature is stable, reacting for 4 hours in the boiling dryer, and discharging to obtain the heat-insulating filler with the surface amphiphobic characteristic.
The amphiphobic filler obtained in the example is added into a KH-CL-RTV-2 room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber system to prepare the heat-insulating coating with the amphiphobic characteristic.
The mixture ratio is as follows:
Figure GDA0001555734930000081
the preparation steps of the heat insulation coating are as follows:
1. 2000gKH-CL-RTV-2 room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, 100g of curing agent and 1600g of cyclohexane diluent are weighed and stirred for 5min at 1000rpm by using a mechanical stirrer so as to be uniformly mixed. Adding 400g of silicon dioxide hollow microspheres with the treated surfaces having the amphiphobic characteristic, and stirring for 20min at 500rpm by using a mechanical stirrer to uniformly mix to obtain a heat-insulating coating;
2. weighing 2000g of heat insulation coating and 4000g of cyclohexane diluent, stirring for 5min at 1000rpm by using a mechanical stirrer, uniformly mixing the slurry, pouring the mixture into a spray can, connecting a compressed air pipeline to adjust the pressure to be 0.5MPa, spraying the slurry on the surface of an aluminum plate with the thickness of 2mm, and spraying 100 times to obtain the thickness of the heat insulation coating, wherein the thickness of the heat insulation coating is about 3 mm.
And (3) carrying out a contact angle test on the cured heat-insulating coating, wherein the contact angle of purified water is 133 degrees, and the contact angle of engine oil is 120 degrees, which shows that the heat-insulating coating has good hydrophobic and oleophobic performance. And (3) heating the prepared thermal insulation coating sample piece by adopting a quartz lamp for testing, and heating the sample piece for 150 seconds at 300 ℃ until the back temperature is 88.6 ℃.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Table 1 shows the heating temperature and the treatment effect of the cenospheres of comparative examples 1 to 3, the other contents are the same as those of example 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the hollow microspheres have low heating temperature and insufficient activation effect, and the surface amphiphobic effect is influenced; the hollow microspheres have high heating temperature, tend to sinter particles, have poor dispersion effect and also have negative effects on the surface double-sparse and heat insulation effects.
TABLE 1
Figure GDA0001555734930000091
Comparative examples 4 to 7
Table 2 shows the mass ratio and the implementation effect of the cenospheres and the fluorine-containing silane in comparative examples 4 to 7, and the other contents are the same as those in example 1. As can be seen from Table 2, the fluorine-containing silane has a low proportion, the fluorine-containing group grafting amount is insufficient, and the amphiphobic effect is poor; the fluorine-containing silane has high proportion, the surface amphiphobic effect is not greatly improved, raw materials are wasted, and the economical efficiency of the heat-insulating coating is poor; but has little impact on the insulation effect.
TABLE 2
Figure GDA0001555734930000092
Figure GDA0001555734930000101
Comparative examples 8 to 11
Table 3 shows the mass ratio and the implementation effect of the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler and the resin system in comparative examples 8 to 11, and the rest is the same as example 1. As can be seen from Table 3, the heat-insulating coating has poor heat-insulating performance, heat-insulating effect and hydrophobic and heat-insulating effect due to the excessively low addition of the hydrophobic and hydrophobic heat-insulating filler; the addition amount of the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler is too much, the film forming property of the coating is poor, and the adhesion with a matrix is not strong.
TABLE 3
Figure GDA0001555734930000102
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.

Claims (6)

1. A thermal insulation coating is characterized in that: the heat-insulating resin comprises a heat-insulating resin system and a double-hydrophobic heat-insulating filler, wherein the addition amount of the double-hydrophobic heat-insulating filler is 10-30% of the mass of resin in the resin system;
the hydrophobic and oleophobic heat insulation filler is composed of hollow microspheres with hydrophobic and oleophobic characteristic groups grafted on the surfaces, wherein the hydrophobic and oleophobic characteristic groups are obtained by grafting reaction of the hollow microspheres and gasified fluorine-containing silane in a suspension state, the hollow microspheres are subjected to high-temperature activation treatment, the high-temperature activation treatment process is that the hollow microspheres are subjected to high-temperature treatment for 4-5 hours at the temperature of 300-400 ℃, and the mass ratio of the hollow microspheres to the fluorine-containing silane is 100: (10-15).
2. The preparation method of the heat-insulating coating of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing the double-hydrophobic heat-insulating filler,
a1.1, activating the surface of the hollow microsphere;
a1.2, enabling the cenospheres subjected to the surface activation treatment in the step A1.1 to be in a suspension state, and reacting with gasified fluorine-containing silane to obtain the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler, wherein the reaction time of the cenospheres and the gasified fluorine-containing silane is not less than 2 hours;
the second step, preparing the heat-insulating coating,
and adding the amphiphobic heat-insulating filler prepared in the first step into a heat-insulating resin system to obtain the heat-insulating coating.
3. The method for preparing the thermal insulation coating according to claim 2, wherein: the surface activation treatment in the step A1.1 is to treat the hollow microspheres at a high temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 4-5 hours.
4. The method for preparing the thermal insulation coating according to claim 2, wherein: the surface activation treatment process in step a1.1 is as follows,
a1.1.1, removing the water vapor adsorbed on the surface of the hollow microsphere;
a1.1.2, heating the hollow microspheres from which water vapor is removed in the step A1.1.1 to 300-400 ℃, and preserving heat for 4-5 hours.
5. The method for preparing the thermal insulation coating according to claim 2, wherein: in the second step, the adding amount of the double-hydrophobic heat-insulating filler is 10-30% of the mass of the resin.
6. The method for preparing the thermal insulation coating according to claim 4, wherein: and in the step A1.1.1, heat preservation is carried out for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃, and water vapor adsorbed on the surfaces of the hollow microspheres is removed.
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