CN109823193B - Electric automobile operation control method and device, controller and storage medium - Google Patents
Electric automobile operation control method and device, controller and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN109823193B CN109823193B CN201910035316.7A CN201910035316A CN109823193B CN 109823193 B CN109823193 B CN 109823193B CN 201910035316 A CN201910035316 A CN 201910035316A CN 109823193 B CN109823193 B CN 109823193B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric automobile operation control method, a device, a controller and a storage medium, wherein the operation carrier frequency, the torque requirement and the power module junction temperature of a whole automobile are monitored by initializing and setting the normal carrier frequency range of the whole automobile; if the running carrier frequency is larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle is reduced; if the torque requirement of the whole vehicle is increased and the running carrier frequency is not larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, derating processing is carried out based on the junction temperature of the power module; the carrier frequency is reduced preferentially, the operation comfort is ensured, the junction temperature fluctuation is reduced, and the safety of the driver is protected based on the junction temperature derating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric automobiles, in particular to an electric automobile operation control method, device, controller and storage medium.
Background
Under the working conditions of hill starting, flat ground parking starting, acceleration starting, launch starting, step road and the like, a finished automobile driving motor of the new energy electric automobile has locked-rotor operation or low-speed continuous high-torque operation working conditions, so that a core device power switch module IGBT of a driver is seriously heated locally and junction temperature fluctuation is large, the risk of overheating damage and service life reduction exists, and the safe operation of the finished automobile is influenced. The existing operation control strategies cannot give consideration to the operation comfort, the whole vehicle output power performance and the protection performance of the power switch module of the electric vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method, a device, a controller and a storage medium for controlling the operation of an electric vehicle, wherein the method, the device, the controller and the storage medium are used for integrating the junction temperature of a power module and preferentially reducing the carrier frequency according to the operation carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole vehicle, so that the operation comfort is ensured, the junction temperature fluctuation is reduced, and the safety of a driver is protected based on the junction temperature reduction of the power module.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an electric vehicle operation control method, including the following steps:
initializing and setting a normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle;
monitoring the running carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole vehicle;
if the running carrier frequency is larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle is reduced;
monitoring the junction temperature T of a power module of the whole vehicle;
and if the torque requirement of the whole vehicle is increased and the running carrier frequency is not greater than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, derating based on the junction temperature T of the power module.
Further, the normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle is 2kHz-12 kHz.
Further, the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle is reduced according to the resonance point of the motor and the speed reducer, and the carrier ratio of the running carrier frequency is larger than 10.
Further, the derating process based on the power module junction temperature T includes:
if the junction temperature T of the power module is not greater than the temperature T1, derating is not carried out;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T1 and not greater than the temperature T2, derating the output current in a range of 10% from the current output state until the output current is reduced to the rated current; if the current output current is the rated current, maintaining the current output current;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T2 and not greater than the temperature T3, derating the output current at a 20% amplitude from the current output state until the output current is reduced to zero;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T3, performing over-temperature alarm and stopping outputting;
wherein temperature TI < temperature T2< temperature T3.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electric vehicle operation control device, including an MCU unit, where the MCU unit is configured to:
initializing and setting a normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle;
monitoring the running carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole vehicle;
if the running carrier frequency is larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle is reduced;
monitoring the junction temperature T of a power module of the whole vehicle;
and if the torque requirement of the whole vehicle is increased and the running carrier frequency is not greater than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, derating based on the junction temperature T of the power module.
Further, the MCU unit initializes the normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle to 2kHz-12 kHz.
Further, the MCU unit reduces the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle, reduces the running carrier frequency according to the resonance point of the motor and the reducer, and the carrier ratio of the running carrier frequency is greater than 10.
Further, the MCU unit derates based on the power module junction temperature T, including:
if the junction temperature T of the power module is not greater than the temperature T1, derating is not carried out;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T1 and not greater than the temperature T2, derating the output current in a range of 10% from the current output state until the output current is reduced to the rated current; if the current output current is the rated current, maintaining the current output current;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T2 and not greater than the temperature T3, derating the output current at a 20% amplitude from the current output state until the output current is reduced to zero;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T3, performing over-temperature alarm and stopping outputting;
wherein temperature TI < temperature T2< temperature T3.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electric vehicle controller comprising at least one control processor and a memory for communicative connection with the at least one control processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one control processor to enable the at least one control processor to perform an electric vehicle operation control method as described above.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to execute an electric vehicle operation control method as described above.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform an electric vehicle operation control method as described above.
One or more embodiments provided by the embodiments of the present invention at least have the following beneficial effects: according to the running carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole vehicle, the running carrier frequency and the junction temperature T of the power module are integrated, the carrier frequency is reduced preferentially, the running comfort is guaranteed, the junction temperature fluctuation is reduced, and the safety of a driver is protected based on the junction temperature derating.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a drive and vehicle system of an electric vehicle;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an electric vehicle operation control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle controller according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
According to the situation known by the inventor, under the working conditions of hill starting, flat parking starting, acceleration starting, launch starting, step road and the like, a whole vehicle driving motor of the new energy electric vehicle has locked-rotor running or low-speed continuous high-torque running working conditions, so that the IGBT of a core device power switch module of a driver is serious in local heating and large in junction temperature fluctuation, the risk of overheating damage and service life reduction exists, and the safe running of the whole vehicle is influenced. There are several current treatment methods:
firstly, when electric automobile is in the ramp and accelerates or the stifled commentaries on classics, according to motor speed adjustment IGBT's carrier frequency, reduce IGBT's loss, reduce the probability that IGBT damaged, improved the security that the car went. However, the method is singly based on the operation frequency to reduce the switching frequency of the power device, the reduction of the carrier frequency leads to the increase of control harmonic waves, the torque fluctuation of a motor is increased, and even the problem of the shaking of the whole vehicle is caused.
And secondly, when the electric vehicle starts on a slope, a time threshold value of motor stalling is set, the motor response torque is increased according to the required torque when the electric vehicle starts on the slope, and when the required torque is larger than the long-time stalling torque allowed by the motor, the response requirement is stopped, so that the safety of the driver is ensured. However, the method is based on the locked-rotor torque capacity of the motor under a specific working condition, the peak capacity of the motor and the electric control under all working conditions cannot be guaranteed, and the dynamic property of the whole vehicle is limited.
And thirdly, when the electric vehicle starts on a ramp, judging whether the electric vehicle enters locked rotor or not based on the rotating speed of the motor and the required torque, determining a corresponding torque limit threshold value according to the relation between the temperature of the power module and the threshold value after the electric vehicle enters the locked rotor, slowing down the temperature rise of the motor and the power module, and protecting the power module and the motor body of the motor. The method positions a locked-rotor mode based on the rotating speed and torque requirements, the locked-rotor mode is entered, the output torque is limited according to the module temperature, the single bridge arm of the power module is seriously heated under the locked-rotor mode and the low speed, the limitation is singly determined based on the temperature, the peak torque output requirement cannot be reached, and the dynamic property of the whole vehicle is limited.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method, a device, a controller and a storage medium for controlling the operation of an electric automobile, which integrate the junction temperature of a power module according to the operation carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole automobile, preferentially reduce the carrier frequency, ensure the operation comfort, reduce the junction temperature fluctuation and protect the safety of a driver based on the junction temperature derating of the power module.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that, if not conflicted, the various features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other within the scope of protection of the invention. Additionally, while a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different division than the blocks in the apparatus, or in an order within the flowcharts.
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a driver and a vehicle system, wherein the driver is powered by a low-voltage battery, communicates with a battery management system BMS and a core electronic control unit VCU for implementing a vehicle control decision, and receives instructions from the battery management system BMS and the core electronic control unit VCU to convert electric energy of a high-voltage power battery into alternating current capable of driving a motor, so as to implement control and regulation of the motor, and implement acceleration and deceleration and energy feedback of the vehicle. In order to realize the operation control method of the electric automobile, the driver has the functions of detecting the position and the temperature of a rotor of the motor and monitoring the operation frequency; the driver has the function of detecting the output current and realizes the power reduction regulation; the driver is provided with the power module junction temperature T detection function and can calculate the junction temperature, so that the real-time monitoring of the power module junction temperature T is realized.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle operation control method, including the steps of:
s1: initializing and setting a normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle;
s2: monitoring the running carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole vehicle;
s3: if the running carrier frequency is larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle is reduced; if the operating carrier frequency is reduced to the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, the operating carrier frequency is not reduced;
s4: monitoring the junction temperature T of a power module of the whole vehicle;
s5: and if the torque requirement of the whole vehicle is increased and the running carrier frequency is not greater than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, derating based on the junction temperature T of the power module.
Further, in the step S1, the normal carrier frequency range of the entire vehicle is 2kHz to 12 kHz; in step S3, when the operating carrier frequency of the entire vehicle is reduced, the operating carrier frequency is directly related to the operating frequency based on the NVH of the entire vehicle, such as the specific resonance point of the motor and the reducer, and the carrier ratio is ensured to be greater than 10. If the operating carrier frequency is greater than 2kHz, the operating carrier frequency is allowed to be preferentially reduced, and if the operating carrier frequency is equal to 2kHz, the operating carrier frequency is not reduced any more.
Further, in step S5, performing derating processing based on the power module junction temperature T includes:
starting and low-speed operation, because the motor has low operation rotating speed, the power required by the driving motor is not large, but the output torque requires rated torque from zero to twice, and the regulation range of the motor output torque from zero to twice rated torque can be realized according to the control of the output current. Calculating the current junction temperature state of the power module in real time based on the internal temperature detection of the power module and according to the current running state, setting three-gear power module junction temperature levels, wherein the first gear corresponds to a temperature T1, the second gear corresponds to a temperature T2, the third gear corresponds to a temperature T3, the temperature TI is less than the temperature T2 and less than the temperature T3, the junction temperature T of the power module is used as the derating basis, the derating is the output current reduction,
if the junction temperature T of the power module is not greater than the temperature T1, the power module can normally operate at full performance without derating;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T1 and not greater than the temperature T2, carrying out restrictive derating, and derating the output current in a range of 10% from the current output state until the output current is reduced to the rated current; if the current output current is the rated current, maintaining the current output current;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T2 and not greater than the temperature T3, carrying out rapid derating, and derating the output current in a range of 20% from the current output state until the output current is reduced to zero;
and if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T3, performing over-temperature alarm and stopping outputting.
In addition, in order to prevent the repetition of the process if the temperature decreases with the decrease in the derating process, a hysteresis recovery range of 10 ℃ is set in the temperature range of T1 to T2, and a hysteresis recovery range of 2010 ℃ is set in the temperature range of T2 to T3.
In the embodiment, carrier frequency is reduced preferentially under the conditions of low speed or locked rotor by controlling carrier ratio and NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) requirements, junction temperature fluctuation of a power module is reduced, the maximum output capacity is exerted, and the timeliness of a protection strategy is stronger; starting under an abnormal extreme working condition, such as when the radiator is damaged, responding to the carrier reduction frequency and reducing the power based on the junction temperature T of the power module, and protecting the motor and the electric control system under the maximum capability; the operation condition does not need to be judged, only the operation carrier frequency and the junction temperature T of the power module are correlated, and all the modes are smoothly switched.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle operation control apparatus, including an MCU unit, the MCU unit being configured to:
initializing and setting a normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle;
monitoring the running carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole vehicle;
if the running carrier frequency is larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle is reduced;
monitoring the junction temperature T of a power module of the whole vehicle;
and if the torque requirement of the whole vehicle is increased and the running carrier frequency is not greater than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, derating based on the junction temperature T of the power module.
Further, the MCU unit initializes the normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle to 2kHz-12 kHz.
Further, the MCU unit reduces the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle, reduces the running carrier frequency according to the resonance point of the motor and the reducer, and the carrier ratio of the running carrier frequency is greater than 10.
Further, the MCU unit derates based on the power module junction temperature T, including:
the power module junction temperature T is used as a derating basis, the derating is output current reduction, three-gear power module junction temperature levels are set, wherein the first gear corresponds to the temperature T1, the second gear corresponds to the temperature T2, the third gear corresponds to the temperature T3, the temperature TI is less than the temperature T2 and less than the temperature T3,
if the junction temperature T of the power module is not greater than the temperature T1, the power module can normally operate at full performance without derating;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T1 and not greater than the temperature T2, carrying out restrictive derating, and derating the output current in a range of 10% from the current output state until the output current is reduced to the rated current; if the current output current is the rated current, maintaining the current output current;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T2 and not greater than the temperature T3, carrying out rapid derating, and derating the output current in a range of 20% from the current output state until the output current is reduced to zero;
and if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T3, performing over-temperature alarm and stopping outputting.
It should be noted that, since the electric vehicle operation control device in the present embodiment is based on the same inventive concept as the electric vehicle operation control method described above, the corresponding contents in the method embodiment are also applicable to the present device embodiment, and are not described in detail herein.
Referring to fig. 3, another embodiment of the present invention also provides an electric vehicle controller including at least one control processor 100 and a memory 200 for communicative connection with the at least one control processor 100; the memory 200 stores instructions executable by the at least one control processor 100 to enable the at least one control processor 100 to perform an electric vehicle operation control method as described above.
The memory 200, which is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, may be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the electric vehicle operation control method in the embodiment of the present invention. The control processor 100 executes various functional applications and data processing of the electric vehicle operation control device by executing the non-transitory software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 200, that is, implements the electric vehicle operation control method of the above-described method embodiment.
The memory 200 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the electric vehicle running control apparatus, and the like. Further, the memory 200 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, memory 200 may optionally include memory located remotely from control processor 100, which may be connected to the electric vehicle controller via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The one or more modules are stored in the memory 200, and when executed by the one or more control processors 100, perform the electric vehicle operation control method in the above method embodiment, for example, perform the above-described method steps S1 to S5 in fig. 2, and implement the functions of the MCU unit.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which are executed by one or more control processors, for example, by one control processor 100 in fig. 3, and can make the one or more control processors 100 execute the electric vehicle operation control method in the above method embodiment, for example, execute the above described method steps S1 to S5 in fig. 2, and implement the functions of the MCU unit.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the embodiments can be implemented by software plus a general hardware platform. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes of the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, may include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and various other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electric vehicle operation control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
initializing and setting a normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle;
monitoring the running carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole vehicle;
if the running carrier frequency is larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle is reduced;
monitoring the junction temperature T of a power module of the whole vehicle;
if the torque requirement of the whole vehicle is increased and the running carrier frequency is not larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, derating processing is carried out based on the junction temperature T of the power module;
the derating process based on the power module junction temperature T comprises the following steps:
if the junction temperature T of the power module is not greater than the temperature T1, derating is not carried out;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T1 and not greater than the temperature T2, derating the output current in a range of 10% from the current output state until the output current is reduced to the rated current; if the current output current is the rated current, maintaining the current output current;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T2 and not greater than the temperature T3, derating the output current at a 20% amplitude from the current output state until the output current is reduced to zero;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T3, performing over-temperature alarm and stopping outputting;
wherein temperature TI < temperature T2< temperature T3.
2. The method for controlling the running of the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the normal carrier frequency range of the whole automobile is 2kHz-12 kHz.
3. The method for controlling the operation of the electric automobile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the operation carrier frequency of the whole automobile is reduced according to the resonance point of the motor and the reducer, and the carrier ratio of the operation carrier frequency is greater than 10.
4. The utility model provides an electric automobile operation control device which characterized in that, includes the MCU unit, the MCU unit is used for:
initializing and setting a normal carrier frequency range of the whole vehicle;
monitoring the running carrier frequency and the torque requirement of the whole vehicle;
if the running carrier frequency is larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, the running carrier frequency of the whole vehicle is reduced;
monitoring the junction temperature T of a power module of the whole vehicle;
if the torque requirement of the whole vehicle is increased and the running carrier frequency is not larger than the lowest value of the normal carrier frequency range, derating processing is carried out based on the junction temperature T of the power module;
the MCU unit performs derating processing based on the power module junction temperature T, and the derating processing comprises the following steps:
if the junction temperature T of the power module is not greater than the temperature T1, derating is not carried out;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T1 and not greater than the temperature T2, derating the output current in a range of 10% from the current output state until the output current is reduced to the rated current; if the current output current is the rated current, maintaining the current output current;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T2 and not greater than the temperature T3, derating the output current at a 20% amplitude from the current output state until the output current is reduced to zero;
if the junction temperature T of the power module is greater than the temperature T3, performing over-temperature alarm and stopping outputting;
wherein temperature TI < temperature T2< temperature T3.
5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the MCU unit initializes a normal carrier frequency range of the entire vehicle to 2kHz-12 kHz.
6. The operation control device of the electric vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the MCU unit lowers an operation carrier frequency of the entire vehicle, lowers the operation carrier frequency according to a resonance point of the motor and the decelerator, and a carrier ratio of the operation carrier frequency is greater than 10.
7. An electric vehicle controller comprising at least one control processor and a memory for communicative connection with the at least one control processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one control processor to enable the at least one control processor to perform an electric vehicle operation control method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
8. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to execute an electric vehicle operation control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| CN110816290B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-21 | 浙江飞碟汽车制造有限公司 | Temperature protection control method for driving motor of pure electric vehicle |
| CN111884531B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-07-19 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Inverter switching frequency adjusting method, power assembly system and electric vehicle |
| CN112104215B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-05-27 | 合肥阳光电动力科技有限公司 | Derating protection method and controller of inverter |
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| JP4830462B2 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2011-12-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Control device for electric vehicle |
| US7652443B2 (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2010-01-26 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method and system for controlling a power inverter in electric drives |
| US9722518B2 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-08-01 | Faraday & Future Inc. | System and method for improving acceleration performance of an electric vehicle |
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