CN109821324A - A kind of filter and its installation method with corrugated surface sealing ring - Google Patents
A kind of filter and its installation method with corrugated surface sealing ring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109821324A CN109821324A CN201910071555.8A CN201910071555A CN109821324A CN 109821324 A CN109821324 A CN 109821324A CN 201910071555 A CN201910071555 A CN 201910071555A CN 109821324 A CN109821324 A CN 109821324A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sealing ring
- inlet end
- frame
- filter
- corrugated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring, including filter body and corrugated surface sealing ring, the filter body includes air inlet end frame, multi-layer forming filter paper and outlet end frame, multi-layer forming filter paper is provided with above the air inlet end frame, outlet end frame is provided with above the multi-layer forming filter paper, and multi-layer forming filter paper upper and lower side is located at air inlet end frame and outlet end frame inner cavity, air inlet end frame upper end is socketed with corrugated surface sealing ring, the corrugated surface sealing ring includes sealing ring main body, convenient for the installation and removal of user, installation process is more convenient, a large amount of built-up times have been saved in the fabrication process, solves the problems, such as mold multioperation difficulty low efficiency in original sealing ring manufacturing process by the corrugated surface sealing ring using the direct extrusion forming of EPDM material.Enable sealing ring is significantly more efficient to seal by being provided with ripple protrusion sealing surface in sealing ring body upper surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to filter field, specially a kind of filter and its installation method with corrugated surface sealing ring.
Background technique
Filter refers to the accessory for playing impurity screening or gas by filter paper.Automobile filter is generally referred to,
It is the accessory of engine.It is divided by different filtering functions: oil filter, fuel filter (gasoline filter, diesel oil filtering
Device, oil water separator, hydraulic filter), air cleaner, air-conditioning filter cleaner etc..Engine has air, machine oil, three kinds of fuel oil
Filter, commonly referred to as " three filters ", in addition air-conditioning filter cleaner, is commonly called as four filters.Lubricating system, combustion system intermediary are undertaken respectively
Matter, the filtering of engine aspirating system, the cabin air circulatory system.
However existing filter has the following technical problems:
1. installation difficulty is larger, the use and manufacture efficiency of filter are influenced.
2. sealing performance is poor, the filter effect of filter, and mold multioperation in existing sealing ring manufacturing process are influenced
Difficult low efficiency.
3. mobility is not good enough, it is more difficult to be carried, and trade mark bandwagon effect is bad, the displaying position of trade mark is not arranged specially
It sets for trade mark publicity.
Based on this, the present invention devises a kind of filter and its installation method with corrugated surface sealing ring, on solving
State problem.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
In order to solve the above problem of the prior art, the present invention provide a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring and its
Installation method.
(2) technical solution
A kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring, including filter body and corrugated surface sealing ring, the filter
Ontology includes air inlet end frame, multi-layer forming filter paper and outlet end frame, is provided with multi-layer forming above the air inlet end frame
Filter paper, the multi-layer forming filter paper top is provided with outlet end frame, and multi-layer forming filter paper upper and lower side is located at inlet end
Frame and outlet end frame inner cavity, air inlet end frame upper end are socketed with corrugated surface sealing ring, the corrugated surface sealing ring packet
Sealing ring main body is included, lower section offers sealing slot on the left of the sealing ring main body, and the sealing ring main body right side wall is provided with
Positioning protrusion, the sealing ring body upper surface are provided with ripple protrusion sealing surface.
Further, the air inlet end frame includes inlet end lower frame body, be provided with above the inlet end lower frame body into
Gas end upper frame body, and inlet end lower frame body is integrated with inlet end upper frame body, upper frame body inner sidewall lower end is affixed
There is inlet end stop collar, the inlet end lower frame body inner sidewall is connected with fixed hurdle, and the inlet end upper frame body is located at sealing and inserts
Slot inner cavity.
Further, the multi-layer forming filter paper includes interior corrugated paper, and the interior corrugated paper upper and lower surface is provided with outer
Corrugated paper, outer corrugated paper inner surface described in two groups is evenly arranged with three groups of coating areas, and coating area surface is coated with hot melt
Glue.
Further, the outlet end frame includes outlet side bottom frame, is symmetrically connected with and mentions on the inside of the outlet side bottom frame
Hand connection frame is symmetrically connected with two groups of crawl handles between the handle connection frame, and crawl handle upper surface described in two groups is all provided with
It is equipped with show area.
A kind of installation method of the filter with corrugated surface sealing ring, comprising the following steps:
S1: hot melt adhesive is uniformly smeared on the coating area surface of two groups of outer corrugated papers using thermosol gelgun;
S2: the medial surface of two groups of outer corrugated papers is in contact with the upper and lower surface of interior corrugated paper respectively, to utilize hot melt
Glue is Nian Jie with interior corrugated paper compound by two groups of outer corrugated papers, then composite filter paper is rolled to complete the installation of multi-layer forming filter paper;
S3: glass cement or hot melt adhesive are applied to the inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body, then multi-layer forming filter paper lower end is inserted
Enter air inlet end frame inner cavity make its side wall be in contact with the inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body completion connection;
S4: in outlet side, bottom frame inner sidewall smears glass cement or hot melt adhesive, and outlet side bottom frame is inserted into molding filter paper upper end
Inner cavity make its side wall be in contact with the inner sidewall of outlet side bottom frame completion connection, to complete the erector of filter body
Make;
S5: corrugated surface sealing ring is plugged on above air inlet end frame, inlet end upper frame body is made to be located at sealing slot inner cavity
To complete the installation of corrugated surface sealing ring.
Further, the corrugated surface sealing ring is by the direct extrusion forming of EPDM sealing material.
Further, the interior corrugated paper is to be closed by plane filter paper by extraneous ripple wheel load with outer corrugated paper.
(3) beneficial effect
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: being convenient for the installation and removal of user, installation process is more convenient, in manufacturing process
In saved a large amount of built-up times, reduce the production cost, pass through using the direct extrusion forming of EPDM material corrugated surface
Sealing ring is to solve the problems, such as mold multioperation difficulty low efficiency in original sealing ring manufacturing process.By in sealing ring main body
Upper surface is provided with ripple protrusion sealing surface and enables sealing ring is significantly more efficient to seal, and increases the contact surface in seal process
Product, so that sealing effect is more preferably, both hands are grabbed when enabling user to need mobile filter by the way that two groups of crawl handles are arranged
It takes and is carried, greatly improve the mobility of filter.Device is enabled a user to by the way that show area is arranged by trade mark
Paste the displaying publicity for being fixed on and carrying out trade mark on show area.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structure of the invention perspective view;
Fig. 2 is filter body structure three-dimensional figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is structure of the invention side view;
Fig. 4 is structure of the invention front view;
Fig. 5 is inlet end circuit theory schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is multi-layer forming filtering paper structure perspective view of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is multi-layer forming filtering paper structure front view of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the outer ripple paper structure medial surface schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is outlet side circuit theory schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 10 is corrugated surface ring structure cross-sectional view of the present invention.
In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals are as follows:
1- filter body, 2- corrugated surface sealing ring, 11- air inlet end frame, 111- inlet end lower frame body, 112- inlet end
Upper frame body, 113- inlet end stop collar, 114- fixed hurdle, 12- multi-layer forming filter paper, corrugated paper in 121-, the outer corrugated paper of 122-,
The coating area 123-, 13- outlet end frame, the outlet side 131- bottom frame, 132- handle connection frame, 133- grab handle, and 134- is shown
Area, 21- sealing ring main body, 22- seal slot, 23- positioning protrusion, 24- ripple protrusion sealing surface.
Specific embodiment
To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of embodiment of the present invention clearer, implement below in conjunction with the present invention
The technical solution in embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described in attached drawing in mode, it is clear that described reality
The mode of applying is some embodiments of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ability
Domain those of ordinary skill every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, belongs to the present invention
The range of protection.Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below and is wanted
The scope of the present invention of protection is sought, but is merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention,
Every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belongs to this
Invent the range of protection.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " on ", "lower", "inner", "outside" " front end ", " rear end ",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as " both ends ", " one end ", " other end " is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only
It is that for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have specifically
Orientation is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation " " is set
Have ", " connection " etc., shall be understood in a broad sense, such as " connection ", may be a fixed connection, may be a detachable connection, or one
Ground connection;It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected;It can be directly connected, the indirect phase of intermediary can also be passed through
Even, it can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, can be understood with concrete condition above-mentioned
The concrete meaning of term in the present invention.
Embodiment:
Fig. 1-10 is please referred to, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring, including
Filter body 1 and corrugated surface sealing ring 2, the filter body 1 include air inlet end frame 11, multi-layer forming filter paper 12 and go out
Gas end frame 13 is provided with multi-layer forming filter paper 12 above the air inlet end frame 11, sets above the multi-layer forming filter paper 12
It is equipped with outlet end frame 13, and 12 upper and lower side of multi-layer forming filter paper is located in air inlet end frame 11 and outlet end frame 13
Chamber, 11 upper end of air inlet end frame are socketed with corrugated surface sealing ring 2, and the corrugated surface sealing ring 2 includes sealing ring main body 21,
The 21 left side lower section of sealing ring main body offers sealing slot 22, and 21 right side wall of sealing ring main body is provided with positioning protrusion
23,21 upper surface of sealing ring main body is provided with ripple protrusion sealing surface 24.
Wherein, the air inlet end frame 11 includes inlet end lower frame body 111, is arranged above the inlet end lower frame body 111
There is inlet end upper frame body 112, and inlet end lower frame body 111 is integrated with inlet end upper frame body 112, the upper frame body
112 inner sidewall lower ends are connected with inlet end stop collar 113, and 111 inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body is connected with fixed hurdle 114,
The inlet end upper frame body 112 is located at sealing 22 inner cavity of slot, and the multi-layer forming filter paper 12 includes interior corrugated paper 121, described
Interior 121 upper and lower surface of corrugated paper is provided with outer corrugated paper 122, and outer 122 inner surface of corrugated paper described in two groups is evenly arranged with
Three groups of coating areas 123, and 123 surface of coating area is coated with hot melt adhesive, the outlet end frame 13 includes outlet side bottom frame
131,131 inside of outlet side bottom frame is symmetrically connected with handle connection frame 132, symmetrically consolidates between the handle connection frame 132
Two groups of crawl handles 133 are connected to, crawl 133 upper surface of handle described in two groups is provided with show area 134.
A kind of installation method of the filter with corrugated surface sealing ring, comprising the following steps:
S1: hot melt adhesive is uniformly smeared on 123 surface of coating area of two groups of outer corrugated papers 122 using thermosol gelgun;
S2: the medial surface of two groups of outer corrugated papers 122 is in contact with the upper and lower surface of interior corrugated paper 121 respectively, thus sharp
It is with hot melt adhesive that two groups of outer corrugated papers 122 and interior corrugated paper 121 are be bonded compound, then composite filter paper is rolled to complete multi-layer forming
The installation of filter paper 12;
S3: glass cement or hot melt adhesive are applied to the inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body 111, then will be under multi-layer forming filter paper 12
It holds the inner cavity of insertion air inlet end frame 11 that its side wall is made to be in contact with the inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body 111 and completes connection;
S4: in outlet side, 131 inner sidewall of bottom frame smears glass cement or hot melt adhesive, and outlet side is inserted into molding 12 upper end of filter paper
The inner cavity of bottom frame 131 make its side wall be in contact with the inner sidewall of outlet side bottom frame 131 completion connection, to complete filter body
1 installment work;
S5: corrugated surface sealing ring 2 is plugged on above air inlet end frame 11, inlet end upper frame body 112 is inserted positioned at sealing
22 inner cavity of slot is to complete the installation of corrugated surface sealing ring 2.
Wherein, the corrugated surface sealing ring 2 is by the direct extrusion forming of EPDM sealing material, the interior corrugated paper
121 with outer corrugated paper 122 be to be closed by plane filter paper by extraneous ripple wheel load.
When implementation, filter paper can be grabbed by both hands when user needs mobile filter and grabs handle 133 to filter
Clear device ontology is carried, and trade mark can be pasted the displaying publicity for being fixed on and carrying out trade mark on show area 134 by user.
Glass cement or hot melt adhesive are applied to the inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body 111, then will be under multi-layer forming filter paper 12 in assembling process
It holds the inner cavity of insertion air inlet end frame 11 that its side wall is made to be in contact with the inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body 111 and completes connection.Going out
Bottom frame 131 inner sidewall in gas end smears glass cement or hot melt adhesive, and the inner cavity for forming 12 upper end of filter paper insertion outlet side bottom frame 131 is made
Its side wall is in contact with the inner sidewall of outlet side bottom frame 131 completes connection, to complete the installment work of filter body 1.
Above-described embodiment is only used to illustrate specific implementation principle and effect of the invention, rather than is used to limit the present invention.Appoint
It is modified or is modified on the basis of the method that the personage what is familiar with industry technology can illustrate in the present invention, therefore all institutes
Belong to all for having usually intellectual in technical field and being completed without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention
Equivalent modification or change should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring, it is characterised in that: including filter body (1) and corrugated surface sealing ring
(2), the filter body (1) includes air inlet end frame (11), multi-layer forming filter paper (12) and outlet end frame (13), described
It is provided with multi-layer forming filter paper (12) above air inlet end frame (11), is provided with outlet side above the multi-layer forming filter paper (12)
Frame (13), and multi-layer forming filter paper (12) upper and lower side is located at air inlet end frame (11) and outlet end frame (13) inner cavity,
Air inlet end frame (11) upper end is socketed with corrugated surface sealing ring (2), and the corrugated surface sealing ring (2) includes sealing ring main body
(21), lower section offers sealing slot (22) on the left of the sealing ring main body (21), and sealing ring main body (21) right side wall is set
It is equipped with positioning protrusion (23), sealing ring main body (21) upper surface is provided with ripple protrusion sealing surface (24).
2. a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the inlet end frame
Frame (11) includes inlet end lower frame body (111), is provided with inlet end upper frame body (112) above the inlet end lower frame body (111),
And inlet end lower frame body (111) is integrated with inlet end upper frame body (112), upper frame body (112) the inner sidewall lower end
It is connected with inlet end stop collar (113), inlet end lower frame body (111) inner sidewall is connected with fixed hurdle (114), the air inlet
Upper frame body (112) are held to be located at sealing slot (22) inner cavity.
3. a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the multi-layer forming
Filter paper (12) includes interior corrugated paper (121), and interior corrugated paper (121) upper and lower surface is provided with outer corrugated paper (122), and two groups
Outer corrugated paper (122) inner surface is evenly arranged with three groups of coating areas (123), and coating area (123) surface is coated with
Hot melt adhesive.
4. a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the outlet side frame
Frame (13) includes outlet side bottom frame (131), and handle connection frame (132), institute are symmetrically connected on the inside of the outlet side bottom frame (131)
It states and is symmetrically connected with two groups of crawl handles (133) between handle connection frame (132), handle (133) upper surface is grabbed described in two groups
It is provided with show area (134).
5. a kind of installation method of the filter according to claim 1 with corrugated surface sealing ring, it is characterised in that: packet
Include following steps:
S1: hot melt adhesive is uniformly smeared on coating area (123) surface of two groups of outer corrugated papers (122) using thermosol gelgun;
S2: the medial surface of two groups of outer corrugated papers (122) is in contact with the upper and lower surface of interior corrugated paper (121) respectively, thus sharp
It is with hot melt adhesive that two groups of outer corrugated papers (122) are Nian Jie with interior corrugated paper (121) compound, then composite filter paper is rolled to complete multilayer
Form the installation of filter paper (12);
S3: glass cement or hot melt adhesive are applied to the inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body (111), then will be under multi-layer forming filter paper (12)
It holds the inner cavity of insertion air inlet end frame (11) that its side wall is made to be in contact with the inner sidewall of inlet end lower frame body (111) and completes connection;
S4: in outlet side, bottom frame (131) inner sidewall smears glass cement or hot melt adhesive, and outlet side is inserted into molding filter paper (12) upper end
The inner cavity of bottom frame (131) make its side wall be in contact with the inner sidewall of outlet side bottom frame (131) completion connection, to complete filter
The installment work of ontology (1);
S5: corrugated surface sealing ring (2) is plugged on above air inlet end frame (11), inlet end upper frame body (112) is made to be located at sealing
Slot (22) inner cavity is to complete corrugated surface sealing ring (2) installation.
6. a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the corrugated surface is close
Seal (2) is by the direct extrusion forming of EPDM sealing material.
7. a kind of filter with corrugated surface sealing ring according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the interior corrugated paper
It (121) is to be closed by extraneous ripple wheel load by plane filter paper with outer corrugated paper (122).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910071555.8A CN109821324A (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | A kind of filter and its installation method with corrugated surface sealing ring |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910071555.8A CN109821324A (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | A kind of filter and its installation method with corrugated surface sealing ring |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109821324A true CN109821324A (en) | 2019-05-31 |
Family
ID=66862373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910071555.8A Pending CN109821324A (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | A kind of filter and its installation method with corrugated surface sealing ring |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN109821324A (en) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5772883A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1998-06-30 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Slanted inline filter |
EP1649920A1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-26 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Air filter |
CN201253524Y (en) * | 2008-07-26 | 2009-06-10 | 蚌埠市昊业滤清器有限公司 | Honeycomb type air cleaner filter-core |
CN104815488A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-08-05 | 淳靖股份有限公司 | Filter element and forming method thereof |
WO2016057815A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | Baldwin Filters, Inc. | Filter media and filter element with adhesive reinforcing |
CN108457783A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-28 | 平原滤清器有限公司 | Element of fuel filter, rotary-load-type fuel filter and plastic housing fuel filter |
CN108993054A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-14 | 湖州市练市三峰线缆厂 | A kind of double-deck air filter device for production of enamel wire |
-
2019
- 2019-01-25 CN CN201910071555.8A patent/CN109821324A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5772883A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1998-06-30 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Slanted inline filter |
EP1649920A1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-26 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Air filter |
CN201253524Y (en) * | 2008-07-26 | 2009-06-10 | 蚌埠市昊业滤清器有限公司 | Honeycomb type air cleaner filter-core |
WO2016057815A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | Baldwin Filters, Inc. | Filter media and filter element with adhesive reinforcing |
CN104815488A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-08-05 | 淳靖股份有限公司 | Filter element and forming method thereof |
CN108457783A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-28 | 平原滤清器有限公司 | Element of fuel filter, rotary-load-type fuel filter and plastic housing fuel filter |
CN108993054A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-14 | 湖州市练市三峰线缆厂 | A kind of double-deck air filter device for production of enamel wire |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5128039A (en) | Filter with delta wedge pleat | |
US20050092821A1 (en) | Gift box container | |
CN107530611A (en) | Method for producing filter wave | |
ITTO20120185A1 (en) | AIR FILTER CARTRIDGE FOR ENDOTHERMIC ENGINES, ITS METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND AIR FILTER THAT INCORPORATES THAT CARTRIDGE. | |
CN109821324A (en) | A kind of filter and its installation method with corrugated surface sealing ring | |
CN1867286A (en) | Filter bag and method for the production thereof | |
US8163054B1 (en) | Air filter with internal frame support | |
WO2011023503A1 (en) | A filter for internal combustion engines | |
CN109750558A (en) | A kind of two-layer compound filter paper of filter and preparation method thereof | |
CN109621583A (en) | A kind of high leakproofness filter being easily installed disassembly | |
CN206604321U (en) | A kind of filter medium bag and air cleaner | |
KR960012813B1 (en) | Paper bag of a vacuum cleaner and its manufacturing method | |
CN211500835U (en) | Automobile air filter convenient for dust removal | |
CN209569045U (en) | A kind of outlet side nylon frame that filter uses | |
CN207562517U (en) | A kind of paper folding-type filter | |
CN213823944U (en) | Combined type large-capacity dry-type carton filter | |
CN209741572U (en) | Compound filter paper of triangle-shaped eclipsed form filter | |
JPH11280570A (en) | Air filter for automobile | |
CN216092397U (en) | Printing ink filter equipment is used in production of environment-friendly water-based ink | |
WO1995016383A1 (en) | Dust collecting paper bag for vacuum cleaner | |
CN209848470U (en) | W-shaped and arc-shaped corrugated alternate double-layer filter composite filter paper | |
CN217319385U (en) | Propeller cap made of propeller composite material | |
JPS62216618A (en) | Manufacture of filter element | |
CN217567948U (en) | High-efficiency filter structure | |
CN213877841U (en) | Capacitor film convenient to seal |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20190531 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |