CN109819827B - Prevention and treatment method for pepper phytophthora blight - Google Patents
Prevention and treatment method for pepper phytophthora blight Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of control of pepper phytophthora blight, and particularly discloses a control method of pepper phytophthora blight. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, soil treatment before field planting; processing the roots and stems of the pepper plants; thirdly, processing the growth of the peppers in an early stage; fourthly, the middle and later period of the growth of the hot pepper is processed. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the non-systemic bactericide powder is clamped and wrapped at the periphery of the root part of the pepper by double-layer non-woven fabrics, when the root hair does not extend out of the wrapping body in the early growth stage of pepper plants, water permeates to the root part by wrapping the double-layer non-woven fabrics during irrigation, the non-systemic bactericide powder clamped by the double-layer non-woven fabrics plays a role of a protective wall, the using amount of the non-systemic bactericide is reduced, the pollution is reduced, and meanwhile, cymoxanil and fosetyl aluminum are used; or metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium are mixed according to a certain proportion, so that the pesticide has multiple action sites, low resistance risk and no cross resistance, and the drug resistance can be delayed and overcome to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of control of pepper phytophthora blight, and particularly discloses a control method of pepper phytophthora blight.
Background
The pepper is one of main vegetable varieties which people like to eat, but the seedling death problem of the pepper caused by epidemic disease is very serious. Phytophthora capsici was first discovered in 1918 in New Mexico, USA, and the pathogenic bacterium Phytophtora capsicii Leonian causing the Phytophthora capsici was named by Leonian in 1922 and is called Phytophthora capsici. The pepper phytophthora blight is one of the most serious phytopathogens in the world, can damage various important vegetable crops such as pepper, tomato, eggplant, cucumber and the like, and can also damage various herbaceous and woody plants such as onion, cocoa, rubber trees, cosmos and the like. Due to the epidemic disease of the pepper, the pepper shows symptoms of root rot, fruit rot, stem rot and the like after the disease occurs, the whole plant withers when the disease is serious, and the dead seedling rate of a seriously ill field reaches 30-100 percent, thereby causing serious economic loss.
Phytophthora capsici mainly takes the overwintering of oospores and chlamydospores in soil or disease residues remained on the ground as an initial infection source of disease occurrence in the next year. The oospore can survive for 3 years in diseased residues in the soil, and when the conditions are proper, the oospore can germinate and infect root systems or underground parts of host plants, or sporangium is generated after germination, and the sporangium releases zoospores which are spread to overground stems, leaves and fruits of the plants through rainwater or irrigation water to cause disease attack. Under proper conditions, after phytophthora capsici invades hosts such as capsicum, a large number of sporangia can be generated on the surface of a diseased part and zoospores are released within a few days to become a reinfection source, and the disease is spread by wind and rain water or diseased seedlings, soil and irrigation water. Secondary infection frequently occurs, and the disease development is very rapid. The pathogenic bacteria can directly invade or invade the wound, the kidney-shaped zoospore swims to the vicinity of the infection point in the water to form resting spores, and then germ tubes grow to invade the host. After zoospores invade into a host, a large amount of mycelia are formed, and when A1 and A2 strains are contacted, oospores are generated and become a primary infection source in the next year.
The use of chemical pesticides is still the simplest and most effective method for controlling pepper phytophthora blight. Because the pathogenic bacteria of the pepper phytophthora blight can survive in soil for a long time, the occurrence of the pepper phytophthora blight is closely related to climate, variety disease resistance and the like. The disease is often infected from the root, and when the aerial part shows symptoms, the expected effect cannot be achieved by using chemical agents for prevention and treatment. Therefore, the chemical agent is applied to the systemic application for preventing and treating the pepper phytophthora blight.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight, non-systemic bactericide powder is clamped and wrapped at the periphery of the root of pepper by double-layer non-woven fabrics, when the root hair does not extend out of the wrapping body in the early growth stage of a pepper plant, water permeates to the root by wrapping the double-layer non-woven fabrics during irrigation, the non-systemic bactericide clamped by the double-layer non-woven fabrics plays a role of a protective wall, the using amount of the non-systemic bactericide is reduced, the pollution is reduced, and cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum are simultaneously used; or metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium are mixed according to a certain proportion, so that the pesticide has multiple action sites, low resistance risk and no cross resistance, and the drug resistance can be delayed and overcome to a certain extent.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil treatment before field planting
Before field planting, the soil is disinfected by 25 percent metalaxyl wettable powder, and then the soil and the non-systemic bactericide are mixed and stirred uniformly;
② treatment of root and stem of pepper plant
Sterilizing the roots and stems of the pepper plants, wrapping the sterilized roots and stems of the pepper plants with the soil treated in the step I to form a wrapped group, wrapping the outside of the wrapped group with double-layer non-woven fabrics, and then normally planting the pepper plants;
③ treatment of the growth of the hot pepper
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of the plant to prevent primary infection;
fourthly, middle and later period processing of pepper growth
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of a plant, and irrigating the root of the pepper with water mixed with a non-systemic bactericide to prevent re-infection;
and in the step II, a non-systemic bactericide is filled between the two layers of non-woven fabrics.
The non-systemic bactericide has surface protection effect and long residual effect period, and can inhibit the release and germination of zoospores from sporangium of phytophthora. The pesticide is not easy to generate drug resistance, but can not be absorbed by plants, and simultaneously the parts which are not contacted with the bactericide can not be protected, the dosage of the original method is large, the effect is not ideal, the pollution is serious, the non-systemic bactericide powder is clamped and wrapped at the periphery of the root part of the pepper by double-layer non-woven fabrics, and the root hair plays a role of protecting the wall when the root hair does not extend out of the wrapping body in the early growth stage of the pepper plant.
Further, the weight ratio of the soil to the non-systemic fungicide in the step (i) is (80-100): (1-5).
Further, the non-systemic fungicide includes copper preparations, dithiocarbamates and dicarboximide fungicides.
Further, the systemic bactericide is formed by mixing cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum; or is prepared by mixing metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium.
The systemic bactericide has a single action site on pathogenic bacteria, and once the site is mutated, the pathogenic bacteria are easy to generate drug resistance, and cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium are adopted in the method; or metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium are mixed according to a certain proportion, so that the pesticide has multiple action sites, low resistance risk and no cross resistance, and the drug resistance can be delayed and overcome to a certain extent.
Further, the weight ratio of cymoxanil to fosetyl-aluminum is 1: 5-1: 1; or the weight ratio of metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium is (1-3): 1: 3.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight comprises the steps of clamping and wrapping non-systemic bactericide powder on the periphery of the stem part of a pepper by using double-layer non-woven fabrics, when roots need not extend out of the wrapping part in the early growth stage of a pepper plant, water permeates to the roots by wrapping the double-layer non-woven fabrics in irrigation, and the non-systemic bactericide powder clamped by the double-layer non-woven fabrics plays a role of a protection wall, so that the using amount of the non-systemic bactericide is reduced, pollution is reduced, and meanwhile, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum or metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum are mixed according to a certain proportion, so that the non-systemic bactericide powder has multiple action sites, low resistance risk and no interactive resistance, and the drug resistance can be delayed and overcome to a certain extent. By adopting the control method of the pepper phytophthora blight, the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight can be effectively controlled, and the control effect is more than 95%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil treatment before field planting
Before field planting, the soil is disinfected by 25 percent metalaxyl wettable powder, and then the mixture is mixed with a non-systemic bactericide and stirred uniformly; the weight ratio of the soil to the non-systemic fungicide is 85: 3;
② treatment of root and stem of pepper plant
Sterilizing the roots and stems of the pepper plants, wrapping the sterilized roots and stems of the pepper plants with the soil treated in the step I to form a wrapped group, wrapping the outside of the wrapped group with double-layer non-woven fabrics, and then normally planting the pepper plants;
③ treatment of the growth of the hot pepper
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of the plant to prevent primary infection;
fourthly, middle and later period processing of pepper growth
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of a plant, and irrigating the root of the pepper with water mixed with a non-systemic bactericide to prevent re-infection;
and in the step II, non-systemic bactericide powder is filled between the two layers of non-woven fabrics.
The non-systemic bactericide is dithiocarbamate bactericide zineb.
The systemic bactericide is prepared by mixing cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum in a weight ratio of 1: 1.
example 2
A method for preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil treatment before field planting
Before field planting, the soil is disinfected by 25 percent metalaxyl wettable powder, and then the mixture is mixed with a non-systemic bactericide and stirred uniformly; the weight ratio of the soil to the non-systemic fungicide is 100: 5;
② treatment of root and stem of pepper plant
Sterilizing the roots and stems of the pepper plants, wrapping the sterilized roots and stems of the pepper plants with the soil treated in the step I to form a wrapped group, wrapping the outside of the wrapped group with double-layer non-woven fabrics, and then normally planting the pepper plants;
③ treatment of the growth of the hot pepper
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of the plant to prevent primary infection;
fourthly, middle and later period processing of pepper growth
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of a plant, and irrigating the root of the pepper with water mixed with a non-systemic bactericide to prevent re-infection;
and in the step II, non-systemic bactericide powder is filled between the two layers of non-woven fabrics.
The non-systemic bactericide is the dimethyl imide bactericide iprodione.
The systemic bactericide is prepared by mixing cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum in a weight ratio of 1: 3.
example 3
A method for preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil treatment before field planting
Before field planting, the soil is disinfected by 25 percent metalaxyl wettable powder, and then the mixture is mixed with a non-systemic bactericide and stirred uniformly; the weight ratio of the soil to the non-systemic fungicide is 84: 3;
② treatment of root and stem of pepper plant
Sterilizing the roots and stems of the pepper plants, wrapping the sterilized roots and stems of the pepper plants with the soil treated in the step I to form a wrapped group, wrapping the outside of the wrapped group with double-layer non-woven fabrics, and then normally planting the pepper plants;
③ treatment of the growth of the hot pepper
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of the plant to prevent primary infection;
fourthly, middle and later period processing of pepper growth
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of a plant, and irrigating the root of the pepper with water mixed with a non-systemic bactericide to prevent re-infection;
and in the step II, non-systemic bactericide powder is filled between the two layers of non-woven fabrics.
The non-systemic bactericide is copper hydroxide as a copper preparation bactericide.
The systemic bactericide is prepared by mixing metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 3.
example 4
A method for preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil treatment before field planting
Before field planting, the soil is disinfected by 25 percent metalaxyl wettable powder, and then the mixture is mixed with a non-systemic bactericide and stirred uniformly; the weight ratio of the soil to the non-systemic fungicide is 90: 3;
② treatment of root and stem of pepper plant
Sterilizing the roots and stems of the pepper plants, wrapping the sterilized roots and stems of the pepper plants with the soil treated in the step I to form a wrapped group, wrapping the outside of the wrapped group with double-layer non-woven fabrics, and then normally planting the pepper plants;
③ treatment of the growth of the hot pepper
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of the plant to prevent primary infection;
fourthly, middle and later period processing of pepper growth
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of a plant, and irrigating the root of the pepper with water mixed with a non-systemic bactericide to prevent re-infection;
and in the step II, non-systemic bactericide powder is filled between the two layers of non-woven fabrics.
The non-systemic fungicide is dithiocarbamate fungicide thiram.
The systemic bactericide is prepared by mixing metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium in a weight ratio of 3: 1: 3.
EXAMPLE 5 systemic Fungicide formulation screening
The test method comprises the following steps: on the basis of a preparation test, 5 concentrations of medicaments (metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum) with the inhibition rate of the growth of pathogenic bacteria hyphae of the phytophthora capsici disease within the range of 10% -90% are selected, the medicaments are prepared into mother liquor with a certain concentration by using methanol, and the ratio by volume of the mother liquor to the pathogenic bacteria hyphae of the phytophthora capsici disease is 1: adding 100 parts of the mixture into melted PDA culture medium which is cooled to about 50 ℃, mixing the mixture evenly and completely, pouring the mixture into 4 sterilized culture dishes respectively to prepare medicine-containing culture mediums with series concentrations, and taking PDA plates added with methanol with equal volume as a reference. And intercepting the pathogenic bacteria cake to be used cultured on the PDA culture medium by using a puncher, inoculating the hypha side upwards to the center of the solidified PDA culture medium containing the medicine, culturing at 25 ℃ in the dark, and measuring the diameter of the colony by using a caliper when the diameter of the control colony is larger than the diameter of a flat dish of 2/3. The diameter of each colony was measured perpendicularly 1 time by the cross method, and the average value was obtained. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the growth inhibition rate of each agent treatment on colony expansion was calculated in comparison with the control [ growth inhibition rate (%) { [ (control colony diameter-cake diameter) - (treatment colony diameter-cake diameter) ]/(control colony diameter-cake diameter) } × 100 ]. Analyzing and comparing the influence of the test medicament on the growth of the hyphae of the pathogenic bacteria to be tested. The logarithmic value of the drug concentration was used as the abscissa and the value of the number of the hypha growth inhibition ratio was used as the ordinate, and the regression analysis method was used to analyze the test data and calculate the EC50 value for each treatment. And calculating the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) by the Sun Yunpei method. When the CTC is less than or equal to 80, the composition shows antagonism, when the CTC is more than 80 and less than 120, the composition shows additive action, and when the CTC is more than or equal to 120, the composition shows synergistic action.
TABLE 1 indoor virulence determination of cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium composite paired pepper phytophthora blight
As can be seen from Table 1, the combined use of cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum has a synergistic effect on pepper phytophthora blight, when the ratio of cymoxanil to fosetyl-aluminum is 1: 5-1: 1, CTC is greater than 120; in particular, the ratio of cymoxanil to fosetyl-aluminum is 1: 3, has obvious synergistic effect.
TABLE 2 indoor virulence determination of metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium composite paired pepper phytophthora blight
As can be seen from table 2, when metalaxyl is selected and compounded with a combination (cymoxanil: fosetyl-aluminum ═ 1: 3), the ratio of C to D is 1: 1 (namely metalaxyl: cymoxanil: fosetyl-aluminium ═ 1: 1: 3), the synergistic effect of the triple combination is more obvious than that of the binary combination.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present inventive concept and various modifications, additions and substitutions of similar embodiments may be made to the specific embodiments described by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept or exceeding the scope of the claims as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (1)
1. A control method of pepper phytophthora blight is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, soil treatment before field planting
Before field planting, the soil is disinfected by 25 percent metalaxyl wettable powder, and then the soil and the non-systemic bactericide are mixed and stirred uniformly;
② treatment of root and stem of pepper plant
Sterilizing the roots and stems of the pepper plants, wrapping the sterilized roots and stems of the pepper plants with the soil treated in the step I to form a wrapped group, wrapping the outside of the wrapped group with double-layer non-woven fabrics, and then normally planting the pepper plants;
③ treatment of capsicum before growth
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of the plant to prevent primary infection;
fourthly, the middle and later period of the growth of the hot pepper
Spraying a systemic bactericide on the stem of a plant, and irrigating the root of the pepper with water mixed with a non-systemic bactericide to prevent re-infection;
in the second step, a non-systemic bactericide is filled between the two layers of non-woven fabrics;
in the step I, the mixing weight ratio of the soil to the non-systemic fungicide is (80-100): (1-5);
the systemic bactericide is formed by mixing cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum or by mixing metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminum, wherein the weight ratio of cymoxanil to fosetyl-aluminum is 1: 3; or the weight ratio of metalaxyl, cymoxanil and fosetyl-aluminium is (1-3): 1: 3.
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| CN201910110973.3A CN109819827B (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2019-02-12 | Prevention and treatment method for pepper phytophthora blight |
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| CN201910110973.3A CN109819827B (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2019-02-12 | Prevention and treatment method for pepper phytophthora blight |
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| CN109819827B true CN109819827B (en) | 2022-01-07 |
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