CN109819802B - Plant illumination device, system and method based on plant characteristic spectrum data - Google Patents

Plant illumination device, system and method based on plant characteristic spectrum data Download PDF

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CN109819802B
CN109819802B CN201910241250.7A CN201910241250A CN109819802B CN 109819802 B CN109819802 B CN 109819802B CN 201910241250 A CN201910241250 A CN 201910241250A CN 109819802 B CN109819802 B CN 109819802B
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plant
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parameters
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characteristic spectrum
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CN109819802A (en
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刘银春
刘东欣
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Hangzhou Light Theto Science And Technology Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Abstract

The invention provides a plant illumination device, a system and a method based on plant characteristic spectrum data, which are characterized in that the plant illumination device comprises: a light source assembly and a dimming system; the light source assembly is composed of at least one light emitting unit, and the light emitting unit at least comprises a white light LED chip, at least two red light LED chips and at least two blue light LED chips; the dimming system independently adjusts the light intensity of each type of LED chip in the light source assembly, and realizes remote transmission of plant characteristic spectrum data and modulation of plant illumination through the Internet of things. According to the LED plant illumination scheme with low cost, high efficiency and good effect, the double hump type irradiation spectrum with the optimal effect can be realized, and a perfect scheme for giving corresponding optimal illumination parameters to specific plants is provided. The invention can greatly improve the utilization rate of electric energy, and simultaneously realizes the optimization under the current technical level on the control of illumination which is a key element of plant growth.

Description

Plant illumination device, system and method based on plant characteristic spectrum data
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric technology and agronomy, and particularly relates to a plant illumination device, system and method based on plant characteristic spectrum data.
Background
The importance of light, temperature, water, gas and fertilizer for 5 major factors of plant growth is very remarkable, because photosynthesis is that plants utilize light energy to convert CO 2 And a process of hydration to reduced state carbohydrates. Plants can be classified into positive plants, neutral plants and negative plants according to the light requirements of the plants. Each plant has its most suitable spectrum, illumination intensity and illumination period for photosynthesis, which can be referred to as the characteristic spectrum of the plant.
With the development of technology and development of modern agriculture, intensive land management and efficient utilization, artificial light sources, particularly LED light sources play an increasingly important role in plant illumination, and experiments show that the LED light sources can enable plants to grow better than traditional light sources. However, plant illumination is a process of converting electric energy into light energy and applying illumination to plants, and the conversion of electric energy and the high or low of its utilization efficiency directly determine the economic benefits of agricultural industries applying plant illumination.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of improving the utilization rate of electric energy, and simultaneously can promote plant growth to improve the quality and economic benefit. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention firstly provides a plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectrum data, which is characterized in that the plant illumination device comprises: a light source assembly and a dimming system; the light source assembly is composed of at least one light emitting unit, and the light emitting unit at least comprises a white light LED chip, at least two red light LED chips and at least two blue light LED chips; the dimming system independently adjusts the light intensity of each type of LED chip in the light source assembly.
Preferably, the light emitting unit is formed by packaging 430nmLED chips, 450nmLED chips, 630nmLED chips, 660nmLED chips and white light LED chips; the dimming system comprises an MCU controller and a multichannel LED driver which are connected.
Preferably, the light emitting unit further comprises one or more single color enhanced LED chips.
Preferably, the red LED chip is a pure LED red chip; the blue light LED chip is a pure LED blue light chip. The pure LED chip emits light by direct current drive, but does not emit light by exciting fluorescent powder with blue light, so that the pure LED chip is called pure LED illumination.
Preferably, the 5 LED chips of the light emitting unit are fixed by a 5-core holder package.
Preferably, the 5 LED chips of the light emitting unit are respectively packaged and fixed by 5 paths of single supports.
Preferably, the dimming system controls illumination of each type of LED chip according to the optimal lighting parameters; the optimal lighting parameters comprise lighting intensity parameters and illumination period parameters of each type of LED chip.
Secondly, provide the plant illumination system of above plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectrum data, its characterized in that: the multichannel LED driver of the dimming system is connected with a communication gateway; the communication gateway is connected with the plant characteristic spectrum database; the plant characteristic spectrum database sends the optimal lighting parameters to a communication gateway; the optimal lighting parameters comprise lighting intensity parameters and illumination period parameters of each type of LED chip; in the plant characteristic spectrum database, each group of optimal lighting parameters is coupled with a specific type of plant name.
And provides a method for obtaining the optimal lighting parameters for specific types of plants by the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve of a specific plant;
step S2: controlling variables except illumination, randomly selecting luminous intensity parameters corresponding to the wavelengths of each type of LED chips between a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve by adopting the plant illumination device, selecting n groups of luminous intensity parameters altogether, and carrying out plant cultivation growth tests on each group of luminous intensity parameters by adopting m different photoperiod parameters;
step S3: and selecting a group of luminous intensity parameters and photoperiod parameters with optimal plant yield and quality as optimal luminous parameters corresponding to the specific plant.
Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
step S11: adopting a plurality of monochromatic light generators, selecting monochromatic light corresponding to a certain wavelength, and adopting a photosynthesis tester to acquire photosynthesis speed for a specific plant;
step S12: the photosynthetic photon flux density of the monochromatic light output is increased from a minimum value to a maximum value until the photosynthesis speed is no longer changed along with the increase of the photosynthetic photon flux density, so that a light saturation point is determined;
step S13: reducing the photosynthetic photon flux density of the monochromatic light output until the photosynthesis speed is zero, thereby determining a light compensation point;
step S14: and (3) selecting all monochromatic lights which can be generated by the various monochromatic light generators, repeating the steps S11-S13, and respectively connecting the light saturation points and the light compensation points obtained by testing each wavelength, so as to obtain a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve.
According to the LED plant illumination scheme with low cost, high efficiency and good effect, the double hump type irradiation spectrum with the optimal effect can be realized, and a perfect scheme for giving corresponding optimal illumination parameters to specific plants is provided. The invention can greatly improve the utilization rate of electric energy, and simultaneously realizes the optimization under the current technical level on the control of illumination which is a key element of plant growth.
Meanwhile, as the pure LED red light and blue light chips are adopted to manufacture the plant illumination light source component, compared with a mode of emitting red light by exciting fluorescent powder by blue light, the invention can save more than 20 percent of electricity, and realize remote transmission of plant characteristic spectrum data and modulation of plant illumination by the Internet of things. The remote intelligent control is realized by utilizing the information technology of the Internet of things, so that the informatization and the intellectualization of agricultural production are realized, the cost is reduced, and higher economic benefit is obtained.
In the prior art, the three-color principle only suitable for human eye visual illumination is applied to plant illumination, is a great error in concept, different light intensities of red, green and blue colors are used for random combination, human eyes feel different colors, but wavelength components of light radiation are still red, green and blue colors, and only component waveforms are changed, so that the light called out by the method is applied to plant illumination, and the light radiation of certain wavelength actually required by plants is usually lost, and the growth of plants and the accumulation of active ingredients are unfavorable.
The plant illumination device provided by the invention fully utilizes the double light gain effect of photosynthesis of plants in terms of improving light energy efficiency, not only can emit double hump type full spectrum which is required by plants and comprises chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, ensures the double light gain effect of photosynthesis of plants, but also can realize coordination and unification of an artificial illumination light source and a plant illumination light source, provides a good working environment, namely, when a working mode is started, white light is started to serve as artificial illumination, when people leave, the plant illumination mode is started, and the equipment works according to the optimal luminous parameters of plant characteristic spectrum. Overcomes the defects that the current plant illumination only has red, green and blue colors and hurts eyes of workers and the defects of visual discomfort and the like. The spectrum defect that the red, green and blue light dimming is applied to plant illumination is overcome.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light emitting unit and a light source assembly of a 5-core bracket according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of 5 single-bracket light emitting units and a light source assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 5-way driving control circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the features and advantages of the present patent more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below:
the present invention provides two embodiments of a plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectral data.
As shown in fig. 1, in a first embodiment of the plant illumination device, in a basic light-emitting unit, pure LED light-emitting chips of 430nm,450nm,630nm, and 660nm and a white light chip are packaged into a light-emitting unit by using a 5-core bracket, wherein the light intensity of the white light LED can meet the threshold light intensity of photosynthesis, the spectrums emitted by other 4 LED chips and the spectrums of the white light form double hump spectrums which are required by plants and comprise chlorophyll a and b, and the pure LED light-emitting chips of 430nm,450nm,630nm and 660nm can just meet the peak light requirements of the double hump spectrums of chlorophyll a and b, so that the best light-emitting effect can be achieved. The plant illumination device comprises a plurality of identical light emitting units which form a light source assembly in a serial-parallel connection mode, and the consistency of photoelectric parameters of the light emitting units ensures the uniformity of the spatial distribution of the spectrum radiated by the light source and can implement high-efficiency illumination on cultivated plants.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the dimming system includes a MCU controller and a high-power multi-channel LED driver connected to each other, and the MCU controller is composed of a high-power multi-channel intelligent LED driver chip. The high-power multichannel LED driver can realize that more than 5 independent dimming channels can be simultaneously dimmed, each dimming channel can be provided with n levels for dimming, the MCU controller can be used for receiving optimal luminous parameter information and sending an instruction to the high-power multichannel intelligent LED chip driver, so that the pure LED plant illumination light source component sends out characteristic spectrum required by specific plants, and high-efficiency illumination is implemented on cultivated plants. The optimal lighting parameters comprise lighting intensity parameters and illumination period parameters of each type of LED chip.
With this design, the number of spectra formed is determined by the number of stages n of each dimming, i.e., n can be provided 5 And (5) seed spectrum. For example: n=50, then n can be provided 5 312500000 spectra, which are double hump type spectra including chlorophyll a, b.
In a second embodiment of the plant illumination device, as shown in fig. 2, 430nm,450nm,630nm,660nm pure LED light emitting chips and one white light chip are designed and fabricated into one light emitting unit at a minimum distance using 5 independent supports in one basic light emitting unit, and the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.
In both embodiments, the ratio of red to blue light is about 2:1. And can also be adjusted according to actual needs.
It should be noted that, in order to obtain a specific best effect, according to different types of plants and different red light and blue light ratios of the best illumination conditions, one or more single-color enhanced LED chips are additionally added on the basis of the device provided by the two embodiments, and the single-color enhanced LED chips can be any one of 430nm,450nm,630nm and 660nm pure LED light-emitting chips, and can also be single-color LED chips with other wavelengths. If one red LED chip is added in the light-emitting unit, the light power ratio of red light can be easily and obviously improved. Accordingly, the packaging mode can be flexibly adjusted.
Further, the present invention provides an embodiment of the above specific application system of the plant illumination device, in which the plant characteristic spectrum database storing the optimal illumination parameters is set in the cloud, so that any local side user connected to the internet and using the plant illumination device provided by the present invention to perform plant cultivation illumination can share the optimal illumination parameters, thereby greatly improving efficiency and convenience: on the local side, a dimming driver of the dimming system is connected with a communication gateway; the communication gateway is connected with the plant characteristic spectrum database; the plant characteristic spectrum database sends the optimal lighting parameters to the communication gateway; in the plant characteristic spectrum database, each group of optimal lighting parameters is coupled with the name of a specific plant. Therefore, the local side can directly input the name of the specific plant to obtain the corresponding optimal lighting parameter and directly drive the plant illumination device to realize optimal illumination.
Finally, the present invention provides an embodiment of the above method for specifically obtaining an optimal light emitting parameter, including the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve of a specific plant;
step S2: controlling variables except illumination, randomly selecting luminous intensity parameters corresponding to the wavelengths of each type of LED chips between a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve by adopting a plant illumination device, selecting n groups of luminous intensity parameters altogether, and carrying out plant cultivation growth tests on each group of luminous intensity parameters by adopting m different photoperiod parameters;
step S3: and selecting a group of luminous intensity parameters and photoperiod parameters with optimal plant yield and quality as optimal luminous parameters corresponding to the specific plant.
Specifically, under the condition of ensuring that the environmental temperature, the moisture, the gas (carbon dioxide concentration), the fertilizer (such as a matrix or nutrient solution) and the like are unchanged, 30 groups of different spectrums are selected between a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve of a specific plant to carry out a cultivation experiment by adopting the plant illumination device, and the luminous combination parameters of each group of spectrums are as follows:, />,,/>and->Wherein i=1 to 30. The same spectrum is selected for 30 groups of experiments with different photoperiod, and the corresponding photoperiod is obtained>Wherein i=1 to 30. Physicochemical experiments are carried out on the plant quality of each group, so that a spectrum corresponding to the optimal plant yield and quality, namely a plant characteristic spectrum, is screened, and the optimal luminous parameters corresponding to the spectrum are as follows: />, ,/>,/>,/>And->
The step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step S11: adopting a plurality of monochromatic light generators, selecting monochromatic light corresponding to a certain wavelength, and adopting a photosynthesis tester to acquire photosynthesis speed for a specific plant;
step S12: the photosynthetic photon flux density of the monochromatic light output is increased from a minimum value to a maximum value until the photosynthesis speed is no longer changed along with the increase of the photosynthetic photon flux density, so that a light saturation point is determined;
step S13: reducing the photosynthetic photon flux density of the monochromatic light output until the photosynthesis speed is zero, thereby determining a light compensation point;
step S14: and (3) selecting all monochromatic lights which can be generated by the various monochromatic light generators, repeating the steps S11-S13, and respectively connecting the light saturation points and the light compensation points obtained by testing each wavelength, so as to obtain a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve.
Specifically, a generator for continuously outputting various monochromatic lights and a photosynthesis tester are built, normally grown plants to be tested are completely placed at a test position, blades meeting test requirements are selected to be placed in leaf chambers of the photosynthesis tester, a power supply is turned on, when all the instruments enter a good state, a certain monochromatic light is selected, the monochromatic light is uniformly irradiated on the plant blades in the leaf chambers, measurement is started, the photosynthesis rate at the moment is read, the photosynthesis photon flux density is increased, the corresponding photosynthesis rate is read, until the photosynthesis rate is not increased after the photosynthesis photon flux density is continuously increased, the maximum value (namely a saturation point) of the photosynthesis rate corresponding to the wavelength is obtained, and if the photosynthesis photon flux density is reduced in the opposite direction, a point (a compensation point) with the photosynthesis rate of 0 corresponding to the wavelength can be found.
The steps are repeated by changing the wavelength, so that the saturation point and the compensation point corresponding to the other wavelength can be obtained, a series of (24-40) saturation points and compensation points corresponding to the monochromatic light of the detected plant can be obtained by using the equipment and the method, all the saturation points or the compensation points are connected to form a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve of the plant, the curve is a relation curve of photosynthetic photon flux density and wavelength, the curve is basically followed by plant illumination, namely, the spectrum waveform most suitable for the plant illumination is similar to the saturation point curve, and the curve can be searched between the saturation point curve and the compensation point curve.
Wherein, the various monochromatic light generators adopt corresponding devices provided by Chinese patent application 201811234720.9, which can output 24-40 monochromatic lights with half-wave width of about 10nm, the light intensity of each monochromatic light can be continuously adjustable, and the light is photosyntheticThe maximum value of photon flux density is 400-1000 umol.m -2 s -1 In order to meet the requirements of various plant characteristic spectrum tests.
Optimum lighting parameters corresponding to plant characteristic spectrum, i.e, />,/>,,/>And->And the plant characteristic spectrum database can be enriched and perfected efficiently by performing test and cultivation experiments on various plants according to the specification of test methods and experimental conditions. Meanwhile, the plant illumination device is standardized, so that users using the standardized plant illumination device and a database storing the characteristic spectrum information of the rich specific plants can conveniently dock through the Internet of things, the production cost of the users using the plant illumination device for plant cultivation is reduced, and the product quality and economic benefit are improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any person can obtain other various types of plant illumination devices, systems and methods based on plant characteristic spectrum data under the teaching of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. Plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectrum data, its characterized in that, plant illumination device includes: a light source assembly and a dimming system; the light source assembly is composed of at least one light emitting unit, and the light emitting unit at least comprises a white light LED chip, at least two red light LED chips and at least two blue light LED chips; the dimming system independently adjusts the light intensity of each type of LED chips in the light source assembly;
the light-emitting unit consists of a 430nm LED chip, a 450nm LED chip, a 630nm LED chip, a 660nm LED chip and a white light LED chip; the dimming system comprises an MCU controller and a multichannel LED driver which are connected;
the multichannel LED driver is connected with a communication gateway; the communication gateway is connected with the plant characteristic spectrum database; the plant characteristic spectrum database sends the optimal lighting parameters to a communication gateway; the optimal lighting parameters comprise lighting intensity parameters and illumination period parameters of each type of LED chip; in the plant characteristic spectrum database, each group of optimal lighting parameters is coupled with a specific type of plant name;
for a specific class of plants, the optimal lighting parameters are obtained by the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve of a specific plant;
step S2: controlling variables except illumination, randomly selecting luminous intensity parameters corresponding to the wavelengths of each type of LED chips between a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve by adopting the plant illumination device, selecting n groups of luminous intensity parameters altogether, and carrying out plant cultivation growth tests on each group of luminous intensity parameters by adopting m different photoperiod parameters;
step S3: selecting a group of luminous intensity parameters and photoperiod parameters with optimal plant yield and quality as optimal luminous parameters corresponding to specific types of plants;
the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step S11: adopting a plurality of monochromatic light generators, selecting monochromatic light corresponding to a certain wavelength, and adopting a photosynthesis tester to acquire photosynthesis speed for a specific plant;
step S12: the photosynthetic photon flux density of the monochromatic light output is increased from a minimum value to a maximum value until the photosynthesis speed is no longer changed along with the increase of the photosynthetic photon flux density, so that a light saturation point is determined;
step S13: reducing the photosynthetic photon flux density of the monochromatic light output until the photosynthesis speed is zero, thereby determining a light compensation point;
step S14: and (3) selecting all monochromatic lights which can be generated by the various monochromatic light generators, repeating the steps S11-S13, and respectively connecting the light saturation points and the light compensation points obtained by testing each wavelength, so as to obtain a saturation point curve and a compensation point curve.
2. The plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectrum data according to claim 1, wherein: the lighting unit further includes one or more single color enhancement LED chips.
3. The plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectrum data according to claim 1, wherein: the red LED chip is a pure LED red chip; the blue light LED chip is a pure LED blue light chip.
4. The plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectrum data according to claim 1, wherein: and 5 LED chips of the light-emitting unit are packaged and fixed through a 5-core bracket.
5. The plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectrum data according to claim 1, wherein: and 5 LED chips of the light-emitting unit are respectively packaged and fixed through 5 paths of single supports.
6. The plant illumination device based on plant characteristic spectrum data according to claim 1, wherein: the dimming system controls the irradiation intensity of each type of LED chips according to the optimal luminous parameters; the optimal lighting parameters comprise lighting intensity parameters and illumination period parameters of each type of LED chip.
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CN114636121A (en) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-17 佛山市国星光电股份有限公司 Plant lighting device and plant planting system
TWI780917B (en) * 2021-09-16 2022-10-11 遠東科技大學 Method for optimizing illumination of multi-band light source and method for cultivating organisms by using the multi-band light source

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