CN109813924A - A kind of measurement device and rapid assay methods of the soil organism - Google Patents
A kind of measurement device and rapid assay methods of the soil organism Download PDFInfo
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- CN109813924A CN109813924A CN201910115154.8A CN201910115154A CN109813924A CN 109813924 A CN109813924 A CN 109813924A CN 201910115154 A CN201910115154 A CN 201910115154A CN 109813924 A CN109813924 A CN 109813924A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002803 maceration Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 nitric acid rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLXPLDLEBORRPT-UHFFFAOYSA-M [NH4+].[Fe+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O Chemical group [NH4+].[Fe+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZLXPLDLEBORRPT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azaniumylideneazanide Chemical group N[N] CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxyl Chemical group O[O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000004 severe toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement device of soil organism and rapid assay methods, belong to detection technique field.Measurement device of the invention includes: test glass, conveyer belt, the driving mechanism for driving conveyer belt to operate and controller, is arranged on the conveyer belt multiple for storing the liquid dropping mechanism of reagent；Heating coil is surrounded on the test glass, the side wall of the test glass is located at the position above heating coil equipped with condensing unit；The heating coil, condensing unit and liquid dropping mechanism are electrically connected with the controller；Agitating device is equipped in the test glass.Assay device structures of the invention are simple, measurement is accurate, can be realized the automatic detection of soil with organic matter using the measurement device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to detection technique fields, are related to the measurement device and rapid assay methods of a kind of soil organism.
Background technique
The number of soil organic matter content, is an important indicator of soil fertility height.Soil organism measurement is existing
National standard mainly have dry combustion method and two kinds of wet combustion.The foundation of dry combustion method mainly has " combustion oxidation-undispersed infrared method (HJ
695-2014) ", but dry combustion method is needed using total organic carbon analyzer, expensive.Wet combustion mainly uses potassium bichromate oxygen
Change method is measured, and is divided into titration (GB7857-87, GB9834-88 and LY/T1121.6-2006) and colorimetric method (weight chromium
Sour potassium oxidation-spectrophotometry HJ615-2011).Although potassium dichromate oxidation has measurement result accurate, favorable reproducibility
Advantage, but generally require by the way of oil bath or electric sand-bath and carry out heating resolution, temperature is not easy to control, electric sand-bath temperature
Unevenness, time-consuming for heating resolution, and energy consumption is high, and oil bath pollution is big, and the vessel such as test tube not easy cleaning, troublesome in poeration, manpower consumption is big,
Low efficiency, spectrophotometry are influenced by reagent color and turbidity, cause testing result error big.It is needed in potassium dichromate oxidation
Mercury salt, chromic salts, silver salt are wanted, the mercury salt of a large amount of noble metal silver salt, chromic salts and severe toxicity, unprocessed direct row are contained in waste liquid
It puts, has not only caused the loss of a large amount of noble metals, but also cause seriously to pollute to water body, and the mercury salt in waste liquid is difficult to handle.In addition,
Organic matter in soil is usually connect with other inorganic matters and organic matter by chemical bond or suction-operated, or even by inanimate matter
Package, causes the oxidation of the organic matter in digestion process more difficult time-consuming.
In addition, often sample wriggling is pumped out to titration bottle after carrying out heating resolution to soil in the prior art
In, and this process, do not ensure that pedotheque is pumped in titration bottle by peristaltic pump completely, this results in pedotheque to damage
It loses, causes later period measurement result inaccurate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, proposing, a kind of structure is simple, measurement is accurate
The soil organism measurement device.
Object of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of measurement device of the soil organism, comprising: test glass, conveyer belt, the driving machine for driving conveyer belt to operate
Structure and controller, are arranged on the conveyer belt multiple for storing the liquid dropping mechanisms of reagent, and the liquid dropping mechanism includes the
One liquid dropping mechanism, the second liquid dropping mechanism, third liquid dropping mechanism and the 4th liquid dropping mechanism, respectively successively storage oxidation digestive reagent,
Distilled water, indicator and titer reagent；Heating coil is surrounded on the test glass, the side wall of the test glass is located above heating coil
Position is equipped with condensing unit；The heating coil, condensing unit and liquid dropping mechanism are electrically connected with the controller；It is set in the test glass
There is agitating device.
Measurement device of the invention is added in test glass after pedotheque weighing, controls the first dropping liquid machine by controller
Structure, so that the first liquid dropping mechanism automatic ration drips potassium bichromate solution into test glass, when the first liquid dropping mechanism completes dropping liquid
Afterwards, controller control heating coil heats test glass, simultaneously, controller control agitating device to soil in test glass and
Solution is stirred, to accelerate the resolution of soil, and during heating, controller control condensing unit to test glass upper end into
Capable condensation cooling, because the top of heating coil is arranged in condensing unit, when the vaporizer in test glass and process condensing unit,
The solution of gasification liquefies again and instills in test glass after heat exchange, so that the solution in test glass be avoided to be lost；Work as heating coil
Test glass is heated to after a certain period of time, controller control heating coil and condensing unit are simultaneously stopped energization, hereafter, controller band
Dynamic driving mechanism operating, so that driving mechanism drives conveyer belt operating, until the second liquid dropping mechanism is located at the surface of test glass, it
Afterwards, controller controls the second liquid dropping mechanism, so that the second liquid dropping mechanism automatic ration instills distilled water into test glass, and herein
In the process, during agitating device is in operating always, that is, agitating device is stirred soil in test glass and solution,
By after a certain period of time, stopping agitating device operating, and certain time is stood, simultaneously, driving mechanism drives transmission again
Band operating, so that third liquid dropping mechanism is located at the surface of test glass, hereafter, controller controls third liquid dropping mechanism, so that third
Liquid dropping mechanism automatic ration drips indicator into test glass, and later, driving mechanism drives conveyer belt to operate again, so that the 4th
Liquid dropping mechanism is located at the surface of test glass, and then, controller controls the 4th liquid dropping mechanism, so that the 4th liquid dropping mechanism 500 is automatic
Continuously instill l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution into test glass, and when the solution in test glass contacts l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, in test glass
Color will change, in this way, people can judge whether soil titration is completed according to the color change in test glass, in this way, avoiding
Pedotheque is in titration process, pedotheque loss, it is ensured that the accuracy of later period measurement soil.
Preferably, each liquid dropping mechanism includes the liquid pipe with liquid outlet, the liquid pipe is equipped with for opening
Open the liquid-dropping valve of liquid outlet.
Preferably, be inserted with liquid level sensor in each liquid pipe, the liquid level sensor and liquid-dropping valve with
Controller electrical connection.
Preferably, the side of the liquid pipe, which is equipped with, is fastened on the snap ring on conveyer belt for liquid pipe, on the conveyer belt
Fixing seat equipped with corresponding snap ring.
When installation, liquid pipe need to be fixed in corresponding fixing seat by snap ring, when driving mechanism drives conveyer belt operating
During, liquid pipe also moves therewith, that is, realizes that conveyer belt drives liquid pipe movement, when conveyer belt drives liquid pipe to move to test glass
Surface when, controller controls liquid-dropping valve and opens, and enables solution in liquid pipe to pass through liquid outlet outflow, and in this process
In, liquid level sensor detects the liquid level of solution in liquid pipe always, and after being flowed out because of solution by liquid outlet, liquid level will in liquid pipe
Decline therewith, and when the liquid level difference that liquid level sensor detects is equal to the preset value of liquid level sensor, liquid level sensor is generated
Electric signal simultaneously passes to controller, so that controller controls corresponding liquid-dropping valve and closes, that is, close corresponding liquid outlet, such as
This, is just able to achieve liquid dropping mechanism and conveys to the automatic ration of solution, so that people be facilitated to operate, also realize the accurate control of experiment
System.
Preferably, the driving mechanism includes having cogged driving motor, the conveyer belt is equipped with and nibbles with gear
The ratcheting face closed.
During mobile liquid pipe, controller controls driving motor and opens, so that driving motor drives gear synchronous to turn
It is dynamic, because the ratcheting face of conveyer belt is engaged with gear, so that gear drives conveyer belt to operate synchronously, because snap ring is fixed corresponding solid
In reservation, so that liquid pipe is also with the synchronous rotation of conveyer belt, until liquid pipe to be moved to the surface of test glass 100.
Preferably, the agitating device includes stirring motor and agitating paddle, the agitating paddle is actively located in test glass
Interior, the stirring motor is electrically connected to controller.
During the first liquid dropping mechanism and the second liquid dropping mechanism carry out dropping liquid to test glass, controller controls stir always
Motor unlatching is mixed, so that stirring motor drives agitating paddle movement, to accelerate the mixing of soil and solution.
Preferably, the condensing unit includes the condenser pipe and the pump housing being wound on test glass side, the condenser pipe
Delivery outlet and input port in the pump housing connect；The pump housing is electrically connected to controller.
During heating coil heats test glass lower end, controller control the pump housing open so that condensed water along
The path of condenser pipe moves, because condenser pipe is wrapped in the upper end of 100 side of test glass, so that the temperature of test glass upper end is effectively reduced,
That is, the temperature of test glass inner upper end is reduced, so that the solution in test glass be avoided to be lost because of gasification, it is ensured that experiment accuracy.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of oxidation resolutions, and soil high-efficient, that reagent dosage is few, pollution is small has
The rapid assay methods of machine matter, the measuring method include the following steps:
S1, pretreatment；
S2, oxidation resolution, weigh the pretreated pedotheque of measured quantity, are put into measurement dress described in claim 1
In the test glass set, starting controller controls the addition that the first liquid dropping mechanism is automatically performed oxidation digestive reagent, and controls heating coil
Test glass is heated, control agitating device is stirred pedotheque in test glass and oxidation digestive reagent, control condensation dress
It sets and condensation cooling is carried out to test glass upper end；
S3, titration, after the completion of oxidation resolution, controller control heating coil and condensing unit are simultaneously stopped energization, then control
Driving mechanism processed drives conveyer belt operating, successively makes the second liquid dropping mechanism, third liquid dropping mechanism and the 4th liquid dropping mechanism fortune respectively
It goes to right above test glass, successively instills distilled water, indicator and titer reagent into test glass respectively, record titer reagent consumer
Product calculates the content of organic matter.
It is oxidation digestive reagent potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution, the titer reagent is iron ammonium sulfate preferably, described
Solution.
Preferably, pretreatment described in the step S1 carries out impregnation for maceration extract is added in pedotheque,
Then it is dried under microwave condition, the maceration extract includes water.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the pedotheque and maceration extract is 1:(1-1.5).
Preferably, the power of the microwave treatment is 400w-600w.
After maceration extract impregnates, the connection between component becomes easy away from one another pedotheque of the invention, then passes through
Microwave treatment, the moisture in microwave process in sample, which absorbs heat, to be vaporized, when internal vapor pressure is met or exceeded in pedotheque
It when the structural tension in portion, expands pedotheque since inside, forms loose uniform microcellular structure to make pedotheque
Become loose, organic matter therein is easy to separate with other substances, and then can reduce the difficulty of oxidation resolution, reduces oxidation and disappears
The time is solved, oxidation resolution efficiency is improved.
Preferably, further including accounting for maceration extract weight percent 1.6%-3% in maceration extract described in the step S1
Sodium bicarbonate.
A small amount of sodium bicarbonate is added in maceration extract in the present invention, and one side sodium bicarbonate can generate ion with pedotheque and hand over
The effect of changing replaces the related group that organic matter is completely embedded to other substances, reduces the connection between each substance of pedotheque
On the other hand compactness can decompose generation gas in microwave treatment, make the further puffing of pedotheque.
Preferably, further including accounting for maceration extract weight percent 0.5%-1.2% in maceration extract described in the step S1
Nitric acid rare earth compound.
Preferably, the nitric acid rare earth compound includes one or more of lanthanum nitrate and neodymium nitrate.
The present invention is added in maceration extract suitable nitric acid rare earth compound, the rare earth ion in nitric acid rare earth compound
To have strong infiltration and diffusivity, can penetrate into inside organic molecule, with hydroxyl oxygen atom therein, amino nitrogen atom
Deng combination, the surface energy of organic matter is reduced, plays the role of a similar catalysis to the active centre of organic matter, is conducive to aoxidize
The progress of resolution, reducing oxidation resolution difficulty so as to reduce the usage amount of oxidant potassium bichromate reduces pollution, and
Reduce oxidation digestion time.
Preferably, it is 1:(1-3 that the rare earth compound, which is weight ratio) lanthanum nitrate and neodymium nitrate mixture.
Lanthanum nitrate and neodymium nitrate, which are used in compounding, has synergistic effect, can be substantially reduced oxidation resolution difficulty, significantly reduce
The usage amount of oxidant potassium bichromate.
Preferably, potassium bichromate-the sulfuric acid solution is the potassium bichromate solution and the concentrated sulfuric acid of 1:(2-3) by volume ratio
It mixes, the concentration of potassium bichromate solution is 0.2-0.3mol/L, the pedotheque and potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution
W/v is 1:(10-30).
Preferably, the temperature that control heating coil described in the step S2 heats test glass is 110 DEG C -135 DEG C
Temperature, time 15min-30min.
Preferably, being arranged using the pedotheque Jing Guo 700 DEG C of calcinations as raw material empty when being titrated described in the step S3
White ginseng in the same old way, records blank referring to the standard l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of sample and pedotheque respectively and consumes volume, according to formula O.M
=c × (V0- V) × 0.003 × 1.724 × 1.10 × 1000/m calculated, the content of organic matter as in pedotheque,
It is as follows to respectively represent meaning for each letter and number in formula,
O.M: the mass fraction of the soil organism, g/kg；
C: the concentration of l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, mol/L；
V0: the volume of the l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of blank soil consumption, mL；
V: the volume of the l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of earth sample consumption, mL；
M: the quality of pedotheque, g；
MM quality of 0.003:1/4 carbon atom, g/mol；
1.10: oxidation adjusting coefficient；
1.724: the coefficient of organic matter is converted by organic carbon；
1000: being converted into every kilogram of content.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages: measurement device of the invention by conveyer belt and
Driving mechanism is used cooperatively, and realizes the switching between multiple liquid dropping mechanisms, by heating coil, condensing unit and liquid dropping mechanism
It is electrically connected with the controller, enables liquid dropping mechanism to carry out automatic and quantitative dropping liquid to test glass, and when heating coil stopping pair
After test glass is heated, third liquid dropping mechanism can to test glass carry out indicator titration, the 4th liquid dropping mechanism can to test glass into
The titration of row l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, avoids soil from removing from test glass from test glass, to avoid soil loss.
Rapid assay methods of the invention reduce the oxidation of pedotheque by the pretreating process of increase pedotheque
Difficulty is cleared up, oxidation resolution efficiency is improved, reduces the usage amount of potassium bichromate, reduce environmental pollution, while measuring knot
Fruit accuracy with higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of internal structure of test glass.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged structure schematic diagram in Fig. 1 at A.
Specific embodiment
The following is specific embodiments of the present invention, and technical scheme of the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is simultaneously
It is not limited to these embodiments.
It is further explained below by the measurement device in 1 couple of present invention of specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, a kind of processing unit of the soil organism of the present invention includes test glass 100, conveyer belt 200, uses
It is multiple for storing in being arranged in the driving mechanism 300 and controller 400 of the driving operating of conveyer belt 200, conveyer belt 200
The liquid dropping mechanism 500 of solution, specifically, liquid dropping mechanism 500 includes the first liquid dropping mechanism for storing potassium bichromate solution
500, for storing the second liquid dropping mechanism 500 of distilled water, the third liquid dropping mechanism 500 for storing indicator and for depositing
The 4th liquid dropping mechanism 500 of l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution is put, heating coil 110 is surrounded on test glass 100, is set on the side wall of test glass 100
There is condensing unit 600, and heating coil 110, condensing unit 600 and liquid dropping mechanism 500 are electrically connected with controller 400, test glass
Agitating device 700 is equipped in 100；
After the completion of pedotheque is weighed, the first liquid dropping mechanism 500 is controlled by controller 400, so that the first dropping liquid machine
500 automatic ration of structure drips potassium bichromate solution into test glass 100, after the first liquid dropping mechanism 500 completes dropping liquid, controller
400 control heating coils 110 heat test glass 100, and simultaneously, controller 400 controls agitating device 700 to test glass 100
Interior soil and solution are stirred, thus accelerate the resolution of soil, and during heating, controller controls condensing unit pair
The condensation cooling that test glass upper end carries out, because the top of heating coil is arranged in condensing unit, when the vaporizer and process in test glass
When condensing unit, the solution of gasification liquefies again and instills in test glass after heat exchange, to avoid the solution stream in test glass
It loses；When heating coil 110 is heated to after a certain period of time test glass 100, controller 400 controls heating coil 110 and condensing unit is same
When stop be powered, hereafter, controller 400 drive driving mechanism 300 operate so that driving mechanism 300 drive conveyer belt 200 transport
Turn, until the second liquid dropping mechanism 500 is located at the surface of test glass 100, later, controller 400 controls the second liquid dropping mechanism 500,
So that 500 automatic ration of the second liquid dropping mechanism instills distilled water into test glass 100, and in the process, agitating device 700 begins
During being in operating eventually, that is, agitating device 700 is stirred soil in test glass 100 and solution, by a timing
Between after, stop agitating device 700 and operate, and stand certain time, simultaneously, driving mechanism 300 drives conveyer belt again
200 operatings, so that third liquid dropping mechanism 500 is located at the surface of test glass 100, hereafter, controller 400 controls third dropping liquid machine
Structure 500, so that 500 automatic ration of third liquid dropping mechanism drips indicator into test glass 100, later, driving mechanism 300 is again
Conveyer belt 200 is driven to operate, so that the 4th liquid dropping mechanism 500 is located at the surface of test glass 100, then, controller 400 controls the
Four liquid dropping mechanisms 500, so that the 4th liquid dropping mechanism 500 automatically continuously instills l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution into test glass 100, and work as
When solution in test glass 100 contacts l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, color will change in test glass 100, in this way, people can basis
Color change in test glass 100 judges whether soil titration is completed, in this way, avoid pedotheque in titration process, soil-like
Product loss, it is ensured that the accuracy of later period measurement soil.
Each liquid dropping mechanism 500 includes the liquid pipe 510 with liquid outlet 512, and liquid pipe 510 is equipped with for opening out
The liquid-dropping valve 520 of liquid mouth 512 is inserted with liquid level sensor 530, liquid level sensor 530 and liquid-dropping valve in each liquid pipe 510
520 are electrically connected with controller 400, and the side of liquid pipe 510 is equipped with the snap ring being fastened on liquid pipe 510 on conveyer belt 200
511, conveyer belt 200 is equipped with the fixing seat 210 of corresponding snap ring 511；
When installation, people need to be fixed liquid pipe 510 in corresponding fixing seat 210 by snap ring 511, work as driving mechanism
During 300 drive conveyer belt 200 to operate, liquid pipe 510 also moves therewith, that is, realizes that conveyer belt 200 drives liquid pipe 510 to transport
Dynamic, when conveyer belt 200 drives liquid pipe 510 to move to the surface of test glass 100, controller 400 controls liquid-dropping valve 520 and opens,
Solution in liquid pipe 510 is enabled to pass through the outflow of liquid outlet 512, and in the process, liquid level sensor 530 detects always
The liquid level of solution in liquid pipe 510, after being flowed out because of solution by liquid outlet 512, liquid level will decline therewith in liquid pipe 510, and
When the liquid level difference that liquid level sensor 530 detects is equal to the preset value of liquid level sensor 530, liquid level sensor 530 generates electricity
Signal simultaneously passes to controller 400, so that controller 400 controls corresponding liquid-dropping valve 520 and closes, that is, by corresponding liquid outlet
512 close, and convey in this way, being just able to achieve liquid dropping mechanism 500 to the automatic ration of solution, so that people be facilitated to operate, also realize
The accurate control of experiment.
Driving mechanism 300 includes the driving motor 310 with gear 311, and conveyer belt 200 is equipped with and engages with gear 311
Ratcheting face 220；
During mobile liquid pipe 510, controller 400 controls driving motor 310 and opens, so that 310 band of driving motor
Moving gear 311 rotates synchronously, because the ratcheting face 220 of conveyer belt 200 is engaged with gear 311, so that gear 311 drives conveyer belt
200 operate synchronously, because snap ring 511 fixes in corresponding fixing seat 210, so that liquid pipe 510 also turns with the synchronization of conveyer belt 200
It is dynamic, until liquid pipe 510 to be moved to the surface of test glass 100.
Agitating device 700 includes stirring motor 710 and agitating paddle 720, and agitating paddle 720 is actively located in test glass 100
Interior, stirring motor 710 is electrically connected to controller 400；
During the first liquid dropping mechanism 500 and the second liquid dropping mechanism 500 carry out dropping liquid to test glass 100, controller
400 always control stirring motor 710 open so that stirring motor 710 drive agitating paddle 720 move, thus accelerate soil with it is molten
The mixing of liquid.
Condensing unit 600 includes the condenser pipe 610 and the pump housing 620 being wound on 100 side of test glass, condenser pipe 610
Delivery outlet and input port are connected in the pump housing 620, and the pump housing 620 is electrically connected to controller 400.
During heating coil 110 heats 100 lower end of test glass, controller 400 controls the pump housing 620 and opens, and makes
It obtains condensed water to move along the path of condenser pipe 610, because condenser pipe 610 is wrapped in the upper end of 100 side of test glass, to effectively drop
The temperature of low 100 upper end of test glass, that is, the temperature of 100 inner upper end of test glass is reduced, to avoid the solution in test glass because of gas
Change and be lost, it is ensured that experiment accuracy.
The rapid assay methods in the present invention are further explained below by specific embodiment 2-4.
The rapid assay methods of the soil organism include the following steps: in the present embodiment
(1) it pre-processes
It is added in maceration extract after pedotheque is air-dried broken mixing sieving, leaching is stirred under the ultrasound condition of 300w
Stain handles 15min, then carries out microwave treatment to drying with 500w power；Wherein the weight ratio of pedotheque and maceration extract is 1:
1.3, maceration extract contains the following component of mass percent: sodium bicarbonate 2.2%, nitric acid rare earth compound 0.9%, surplus are
Water, rare earth compound are the mixture of the lanthanum nitrate that weight ratio is 1:2 and neodymium nitrate.
(2) oxidation resolution
It prepares potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution: being that (density is enriching sulfuric acid in 0.25mol/L potassium bichromate solution in concentration
1.84g/mL), the volume ratio of potassium bichromate solution and the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:2.5；
Oxidation resolution: pretreated pedotheque 0.2500g (being accurate to 0.0001g) is weighed, embodiment 1 is added to
In the test glass 100 of middle measurement device, start controller 400, the first liquid dropping mechanism of control adds 5mL potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid automatically
Solution, and control heating coil 110 and 22min is heated at a temperature of 120 DEG C to test glass 100, fill the organic matter in pedotheque
Divide oxidation resolution.It controls agitating device 700 simultaneously to be stirred pedotheque in test glass and oxidation digestive reagent, control condensation
Device 600 carries out condensation cooling to 100 upper end of test glass；
(3) it measures
After the completion of oxidation resolution, controller 400 controls heating coil 110 and condensing unit 600 is simultaneously stopped energization, then
Controlling driving mechanism 300 drives conveyer belt 200 to operate, and successively makes the second liquid dropping mechanism, third liquid dropping mechanism and the 4th drop respectively
Liquid mechanism is run to right above test glass 100, successively instills the ferrous clever indicator of distilled water, 3 drops and standard into test glass 100 respectively
L ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, wherein the content for instilling distilled water is that the total amount of the pedotheque after resolution is made to reach 30mL or so, with
Guarantee pH value required for titration colour developing.It instills after distilled water after standing a period of time and carries out indicator and titer reagent again
It instills；
Blank is set referring to sample by raw material of the pedotheque Jing Guo 700 DEG C of calcinations simultaneously, is located according to the method described above
Reason；
Record blank consumes volume referring to the standard l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of sample and pedotheque respectively, according to formula O.M
=c × (V0- V) × 0.003 × 1.724 × 1.10 × 1000/m calculated, the content of organic matter, formula as in pedotheque
In each letter and number to respectively represent meaning as follows,
O.M: the mass fraction of the soil organism, g/kg；
C: the concentration of l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, mol/L；
V0: the volume of the l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of blank soil consumption, mL；
V: the volume of the l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of earth sample consumption, mL；
M: the quality of pedotheque, g；
MM quality of 0.003:1/4 carbon atom, g/mol；
1.10: oxidation adjusting coefficient；
1.724: the coefficient of organic matter is converted by organic carbon；
1000: being converted into every kilogram of content.
Embodiment 3
The rapid assay methods of the soil organism include the following steps: in the present embodiment
(1) it pre-processes
It is added in maceration extract after pedotheque is air-dried broken mixing sieving, leaching is stirred under the ultrasound condition of 300w
Stain handles 15min, then carries out microwave treatment to drying with 400w power；Wherein the weight ratio of pedotheque and maceration extract is 1:
1.5, maceration extract contains the component of following mass percent: sodium bicarbonate 1.6%, nitric acid rare earth compound 1.2%, surplus are
Water, rare earth compound are the mixture of the lanthanum nitrate that weight ratio is 1:1 and neodymium nitrate.
(2) oxidation resolution
It prepares potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution: being that (density is enriching sulfuric acid in 0.2mol/L potassium bichromate solution in concentration
1.84g/mL), the volume ratio of potassium bichromate solution and the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:2；
Oxidation resolution: pretreated pedotheque 0.2500g (being accurate to 0.0001g) is weighed, embodiment 1 is added to
In the test glass 100 of middle measurement device, start controller 400, the first liquid dropping mechanism of control adds 2.5mL potassium bichromate-sulphur automatically
Acid solution, and control heating coil 110 and 30min is heated at a temperature of 110 DEG C to test glass 100, make the organic matter quilt in pedotheque
Fully oxidized resolution.Agitating device 700 is controlled simultaneously to be stirred pedotheque in test glass and oxidation digestive reagent, is controlled cold
Solidifying device 600 carries out condensation cooling to 100 upper end of test glass；
(3) it measures
After the completion of oxidation resolution, controller 400 controls heating coil 110 and condensing unit 600 is simultaneously stopped energization, then
Controlling driving mechanism 300 drives conveyer belt 200 to operate, and successively makes the second liquid dropping mechanism, third liquid dropping mechanism and the 4th drop respectively
Liquid mechanism is run to right above test glass 100, successively instills the ferrous clever indicator of distilled water, 3 drops and standard into test glass 100 respectively
L ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, wherein the content for instilling distilled water is that the total amount of the pedotheque after resolution is made to reach 30mL or so, with
Guarantee pH value required for titration colour developing.It instills after distilled water after standing a period of time and carries out indicator and titer reagent again
It instills；
Blank is set referring to sample by raw material of the pedotheque Jing Guo 700 DEG C of calcinations simultaneously, is located according to the method described above
Reason；
Record blank consumes volume referring to the standard l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of sample and pedotheque respectively, according to formula O.M
=c × (V0- V) × 0.003 × 1.724 × 1.10 × 1000/m calculated, the content of organic matter, formula as in pedotheque
In each letter and number to respectively represent meaning as follows,
O.M: the mass fraction of the soil organism, g/kg；
C: the concentration of l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, mol/L；
V0: the volume of the l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of blank soil consumption, mL；
V: the volume of the l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of earth sample consumption, mL；
M: the quality of pedotheque, g；
MM quality of 0.003:1/4 carbon atom, g/mol；
1.10: oxidation adjusting coefficient；
1.724: the coefficient of organic matter is converted by organic carbon；
1000: being converted into every kilogram of content.
Embodiment 4
The rapid assay methods of the soil organism include the following steps: in the present embodiment
(1) it pre-processes
It is added in maceration extract after pedotheque is air-dried broken mixing sieving, leaching is stirred under the ultrasound condition of 300w
Stain handles 15min, then carries out microwave treatment to drying with 600w power；Wherein the weight ratio of pedotheque and maceration extract is 1:
1, maceration extract contains the component of following mass percent: sodium bicarbonate 3%, nitric acid rare earth compound 0.5%, surplus is water, dilute
Earth compounds are the mixture of the lanthanum nitrate that weight ratio is 1:3 and neodymium nitrate.
(2) oxidation resolution
It prepares potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution: being that (density is enriching sulfuric acid in 0.3mol/L potassium bichromate solution in concentration
1.84g/mL), the volume ratio of potassium bichromate solution and the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:3；
Oxidation resolution: pretreated pedotheque 0.2500g (being accurate to 0.0001g) is weighed, embodiment 1 is added to
In the test glass 100 of middle measurement device, start controller 400, the first liquid dropping mechanism of control adds 7.5mL potassium bichromate-sulphur automatically
Acid solution, and control heating coil 110 and 15min is heated at a temperature of 135 DEG C to test glass 100, make the organic matter quilt in pedotheque
Fully oxidized resolution.Agitating device 700 is controlled simultaneously to be stirred pedotheque in test glass and oxidation digestive reagent, is controlled cold
Solidifying device 600 carries out condensation cooling to 100 upper end of test glass；
(3) it measures
After the completion of oxidation resolution, controller 400 controls heating coil 110 and condensing unit 600 is simultaneously stopped energization, then
Controlling driving mechanism 300 drives conveyer belt 200 to operate, and successively makes the second liquid dropping mechanism, third liquid dropping mechanism and the 4th drop respectively
Liquid mechanism is run to right above test glass 100, successively instills the ferrous clever indicator of distilled water, 3 drops and standard into test glass 100 respectively
L ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, wherein the content for instilling distilled water is that the total amount of the pedotheque after resolution is made to reach 30mL or so, with
Guarantee pH value required for titration colour developing.It instills after distilled water after standing a period of time and carries out indicator and titer reagent again
It instills；
Blank is set referring to sample by raw material of the pedotheque Jing Guo 700 DEG C of calcinations simultaneously, is located according to the method described above
Reason；
Record blank consumes volume referring to the standard l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of sample and pedotheque respectively, according to formula O.M
=c × (V0- V) × 0.003 × 1.724 × 1.10 × 1000/m calculated, the content of organic matter, formula as in pedotheque
In each letter and number to respectively represent meaning as follows,
O.M: the mass fraction of the soil organism, g/kg；
C: the concentration of l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, mol/L；
V0: the volume of the l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of blank soil consumption, mL；
V: the volume of the l ferrous ammonium sulfate solution of earth sample consumption, mL；
M: the quality of pedotheque, g；
MM quality of 0.003:1/4 carbon atom, g/mol；
1.10: oxidation adjusting coefficient；
1.724: the coefficient of organic matter is converted by organic carbon；
1000: being converted into every kilogram of content.
Below by taking the method for embodiment 2 as an example, the effect of measuring method of the invention is illustrated.
Different places, different types of national standard pedotheque will be come from, Ministry of Agriculture National Standard Method (NY/ is respectively adopted
T1121.6-2006, abbreviation bath oiling) and the embodiment of the present invention 1 in method (express method) carry out the oxygen of pedotheque respectively
Change resolution, the content of organic matter that measure and calculation obtains, 6 Duplicate Samples are arranged in each sample, and result is as shown in the following table 1.
Table 1: the measurement result of the national standard pedotheque of different places
As shown in Table 1, measuring method of the invention (express method) accuracy is able to satisfy the deviation requirement of standard sample, and
Its relative standard deviation illustrates that precision is good 0.7%~1.7%.
The pedotheque for selecting Zhejiang various regions grinds sieving, and combustion oxidation-non-dispersive infrared technology is respectively adopted (referred to as
Instrumental method), the method (express method) of bath oiling and the embodiment of the present invention 1 carry out the measurement of pedotheque organic matter respectively, it is identical
Sample measures three times, and result is as shown in table 2 below.
Table 2: the measurement result of Zhejiang various regions pedotheque
As shown in Table 2, the preci-sion and accuracy of measuring method of the invention is higher, is able to satisfy requirement.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention
The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method
In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of measurement device of the soil organism characterized by comprising test glass (100), conveyer belt (200), for driving
The driving mechanism (300) and controller (400) of conveyer belt (200) operating are arranged on the conveyer belt multiple for storing
The liquid dropping mechanism (500) of reagent, the liquid dropping mechanism (500) include the first liquid dropping mechanism, the second liquid dropping mechanism, third dropping liquid machine
Structure and the 4th liquid dropping mechanism, successively storage aoxidizes digestive reagent, distilled water, indicator and titer reagent respectively；On the test glass
It is surrounded with heating coil (110), the side wall of the test glass is located at the position above heating coil (100) equipped with condensing unit (600)；Institute
Heating coil (110), condensing unit (600) and liquid dropping mechanism (500) is stated to be electrically connected with controller (400)；In the test glass
Equipped with agitating device.
2. a kind of rapid assay methods of the soil organism, which is characterized in that the measuring method includes the following steps:
S1, pretreatment；
S2, oxidation resolution, weigh the pretreated pedotheque of measured quantity, are put into measurement device described in claim 1
In test glass (100), start controller (400), the first liquid dropping mechanism of control is automatically performed the addition of oxidation digestive reagent, and controls
Heating coil (110) heats test glass (100), and control agitating device (700) is to pedotheque in test glass and oxidation resolution examination
Agent is stirred, and control condensing unit (600) carries out condensation cooling to test glass (100) upper end；
S3, titration, after the completion of oxidation resolution, controller (400) control heating coil (110) and condensing unit (600) are simultaneously stopped
It is powered, then controls driving mechanism (300) and drive conveyer belt (200) operating, successively make the second liquid dropping mechanism, third dropping liquid respectively
Mechanism and the 4th liquid dropping mechanism are run to right above test glass (100), successively instill distilled water, instruction into test glass (100) respectively
Agent and titer reagent, record titer reagent consume volume, calculate the content of organic matter.
3. measuring method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that pretreatment is in soil-like described in the step S1
Maceration extract is added in product and carries out impregnation, is then dried under microwave condition, the maceration extract includes water.
4. measuring method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further include accounting in maceration extract described in the step S1
The sodium bicarbonate of maceration extract weight percent 1.6%-3%.
5. measuring method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further include accounting in maceration extract described in the step S1
The nitric acid rare earth compound of maceration extract weight percent 0.5%-1.2%.
6. measuring method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the nitric acid rare earth compound includes lanthanum nitrate and nitre
One or both of sour neodymium.
7. measuring method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution is by volume ratio
Potassium bichromate solution and concentrated sulfuric acid 1:(2-3) mixes, and the concentration of potassium bichromate solution is 0.2-0.3mol/L, the soil
Earth sample and potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution w/v are 1:(10-30).
8. measuring method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that control heating coil (110) described in the step S2
The temperature heated to test glass (100) is 110 DEG C of -135 DEG C of temperature, time 15min-30min.
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Cited By (1)
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