CN109812803B - Low-load stable combustion boiler combustor and combustion method and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-load stable combustion boiler combustor and combustion method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109812803B CN109812803B CN201910044690.3A CN201910044690A CN109812803B CN 109812803 B CN109812803 B CN 109812803B CN 201910044690 A CN201910044690 A CN 201910044690A CN 109812803 B CN109812803 B CN 109812803B
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-load stable-combustion boiler combustor which comprises a combustor and a hearth, wherein the combustor comprises a shell, a secondary air pipe arranged in the center of the shell, primary air pipes distributed on two sides of the secondary air pipe, and biomass fuel pipes arranged to be attached to the inner wall of the shell, and the combustor is arranged at four corners of the hearth. The invention further discloses a combustion method of the boiler combustor with low-load stable combustion, which comprises the following steps: when the hearth is in full load combustion, the biomass fuel inlet is closed, the hearth is only combusted by adopting pulverized coal, and the hearth is not combusted by using biomass to reduce slag bonding of the hearth; when the low-load operation is carried out, the pulverized coal fed into the hearth is reduced, the temperature of the hearth is reduced, the flame combustion is unstable, in order to ensure the stable combustion, the biomass fuel inlet is opened to feed the biomass fuel, and the stable combustion of the flame is ensured by utilizing the characteristics of high biomass volatile content, easy ignition and good heat productivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of boiler burners, in particular to a low-load stable-combustion boiler burner and a combustion method and application thereof.
Background
Coal is an important energy source and chemical raw material, and cannot be changed in an energy structure mainly based on coal for a long time. Although the coal resources in China are rich, the coal resources are reduced along with the utilization of the resources, the proportion of inferior coal is increased and accounts for about 20 percent of the total reserve of the coal, and the coal quality tends to decline year by year along with the continuous exploitation of the coal resources. The utilization mode of the low-quality coal in China is mainly power station boiler combustion power generation, but due to poor components, a plurality of problems are caused during boiler combustion. Taking hard-burning anthracite as an example, the hard-burning anthracite has low volatile content, low calorific value of the volatile, slow volatilization speed, poor combustibility and difficult burnout, and can cause a series of problems of low hearth temperature, unstable combustion, increased incomplete combustion loss, unsafe and reliable operation and the like during combustion.
When the unit is in peak-shaving low-load operation, due to the deviation of the optimal design working condition, the safety and the economy can be reduced, and a series of problems of unstable combustion, low combustion temperature of a hearth, reduction of water circulation safety, explosion of a powder making system and the hearth and the like can be caused. Many of these safety problems are due to unstable combustion in the furnace. Therefore, by researching the low-load stable combustion technology, the combustion working condition in the furnace can be improved, and the operation safety of the whole unit is improved. The combustor is used as key equipment for organizing pulverized coal combustion, and has important influence on the stable combustion of a flow field and pulverized coal in a hearth. Since the 70 s in the 20 th century, various pulverized coal burners with stable combustion performance, such as WR burners, ship-shaped body burners, precombustion chamber burners and the like, have been developed by domestic and foreign researchers, and the inventions have various characteristics, but are considered from the aspect of structure, and do not relate to the adoption of biomass mixed combustion, so that the stable combustion can be realized, and more environment-friendly fuels can be adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve a series of problems of low temperature of a hearth, unstable combustion, increased incomplete combustion loss, unsafe and reliable operation and the like caused by low-load combustion in the prior art, and improves the low-load stable combustion characteristic of the low-quality coal by improving the structure and the fuel ratio of a combustor.
To achieve the main object of the present invention, the present invention provides:
the utility model provides a low-load stable combustion's boiler combustor, includes combustor and furnace, the combustor includes the casing, sets up at the secondary tuber pipe at the casing center, distributes at the primary air pipe of secondary tuber pipe both sides, hugs closely the biomass fuel pipe that shells inner wall set up, the combustor sets up in four angles departments of furnace, wherein:
the secondary air nozzles of the secondary air pipes are arranged along the direction of the circular tangent of the hearth;
a primary air nozzle of the primary air pipe is arranged along the radial direction of the hearth;
the biomass fuel nozzle of the biomass fuel pipe is arranged along the center of the hearth.
Preferably, the biomass fuel inlet of the biomass fuel pipe is located at the front end of the secondary air inlet of the secondary air pipe, and the secondary air inlet is flush with the primary air inlet of the primary air pipe.
Preferably, the biomass fuel nozzle and the biomass fuel pipe are bent outwards at an angle of 30-45 degrees.
Preferably, the biomass fuel nozzle end of the biomass fuel pipe is in a bevel shape.
Preferably, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are arranged in parallel and level and are positioned at the front end of the biomass fuel nozzle.
Preferably, the hearth includes a protective wall and a chamber provided in the protective wall.
A combustion method of a low-load stable-combustion boiler comprises the following steps:
when the hearth is in normal load combustion, opening a ventilation pipeline to ventilate airflow into a primary air pipe and a secondary air pipe, opening a material pipeline to introduce mixed flow of pulverized coal and air into the primary air pipe, and then opening an ignition device to ignite the primary air flow in the primary air pipe, so that the pulverized coal is instantly ignited when the ignited primary air flow and the pulverized coal flow meet at a primary air nozzle, and further flame is formed at a secondary air nozzle; or
When the hearth low-load burns, simultaneously open ventilation pipeline to ventilate the air current in primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe, open material pipeline and lead to buggy, the gas mixing flow in to primary air pipe, open biomass fuel pipe simultaneously and carry living beings, later open ignition and light the interior wind air current of primary air pipe, make when the once wind air current of lighting and buggy flow in the time of once wind spout meet ignite the buggy in the twinkling of an eye, and then form flame at the secondary air spout, flame contacts rather than living beings all around when diffusing outward, make the buggy fully burn.
Preferably, the air with the biomass particles in the biomass fuel pipe is preheated to the temperature of 200 ℃ by an air preheater.
Preferably, when the hearth is combusted at full load, the flow velocity of the mixed flow of the pulverized coal and the gas in the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe is 20-30 m/s; when the hearth is in low-load combustion, the flow velocity of the mixed flow of the pulverized coal and the gas in the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe is 15-25 m/s, and the flow velocity of the biomass is 10-15 m/s.
The invention further discloses the application of the low-load stable combustion boiler burner in pulverized coal or straw combustion.
Optionally, the shell is a cast steel shell, and the lining of the protective wall is a refractory lining.
Optionally, one end of the shell, which is close to the hearth, is provided with a circular truncated cone, and the end with the larger area of the circular truncated cone faces the combustion chamber of the hearth.
Optionally, the burner and the hearth are integrally formed, and the burner is a cast steel burner.
Optionally, the burner and the hearth are arranged in a split manner, the burner is a cast steel burner, and the burner and the hearth are connected through a bolt and nut structure.
The biomass fuel adopted by the invention is a blocky environment-friendly new energy source produced by processing straws, rice hulls, peanut shells, corncobs, oil-tea camellia shells, cottonseed shells and the like and three residues. The diameter of the biomass particles is generally 6-10 mm.
The diameter of the biomass particles is generally 6-8 mm, the length of the biomass particles is 4-5 times of the diameter of the biomass particles, the breakage rate is less than 1.5% -2.0%, the dry basis water content is less than 10% -15%, the ash content is less than 1.5%, the sulfur content and the chlorine content are both less than 0.07%, and the nitrogen content is less than 0.5%. If additives are used, they are agricultural or forestry products and the type and amount of use should be indicated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1) when the boiler is in full load combustion, the biomass fuel inlet is closed, the combustion of the hearth only adopts pulverized coal combustion, the slagging of the hearth is reduced without using biomass combustion, the pulverized coal fed into the hearth is reduced when the boiler is in low load combustion, the temperature of the hearth is reduced, the flame combustion is unstable, in order to ensure the combustion stability, the biomass fuel inlet is opened to feed the biomass fuel, and the combustion stability of the flame is ensured by utilizing the characteristics of high biomass volatile content, easy ignition and better heat productivity;
2) the coal type and load regulation device has good coal type adaptability and load regulation performance, can accurately regulate the air speed and the air quantity according to the change of the coal type and the load, flexibly regulates the combustion ratio of pulverized coal and biomass fuel, and has a sensitive, reliable and durable regulation mechanism;
3) the biomass is recycled, so that on one hand, the waste of resources is avoided, and on the other hand, the environmental pollution and the greenhouse gas emission caused by burning and discarding the biomass can be reduced;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a low load stable combustion boiler burner of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the burner of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the burner of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of the burner of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, arrows in fig. 1 respectively indicate airflow directions, a low-load stable combustion boiler burner comprises a burner 1 and a hearth 2, wherein the burner 1 comprises a housing 11, a secondary air duct 12 arranged in the center of the housing 11, primary air ducts 13 distributed on two sides of the secondary air duct 12, and biomass fuel pipes 14 arranged to be closely attached to the inner wall of the housing 11, the burner 1 is arranged at four corners of the hearth 2, and wherein:
the secondary air nozzles 122 of the secondary air pipes 12 are arranged along the direction of the circular tangent of the hearth 2; the secondary air is ejected from the secondary air nozzle 122 to form tangential combustion.
The primary air nozzles 132 of the primary air pipes 13 are arranged along the radial direction of the hearth 2; the primary air is sprayed out from the primary air nozzle 132 and carries the pulverized coal to be sent into a hearth for combustion.
The biomass fuel nozzle 142 of the biomass fuel pipe 14 is arranged along the center of the furnace 2.
The biomass fuel inlet 141 of the biomass fuel pipe 14 is located at the front end of the secondary air inlet 121 of the secondary air pipe 12, the secondary air inlet 121 is flush with the primary air inlet 131 of the primary air pipe 13, and the biomass fuel nozzle 142 and the biomass fuel pipe 14 are bent outwards at an angle of 30-45 degrees, so that the mixing time of biomass and pulverized coal airflow is prolonged, the flame length formed by pulverized coal combustion at the primary air nozzle 132 is reduced, and low-nitrogen combustion is facilitated. The biomass enwraps the pulverized coal for combustion, and due to the characteristics of high volatile content, easiness in ignition and good heat productivity, the combustion stability of flame is ensured, and the defects that the pulverized coal fed into a hearth is reduced, the temperature of the hearth is reduced and the flame combustion is unstable during low-load combustion are overcome. In order to further increase the diffusion area of the biomass, the end of the biomass fuel nozzle 142 is beveled.
In the invention, the primary air nozzle 132 and the secondary air nozzle 122 are arranged in parallel and level, and are positioned at the front end of the biomass fuel nozzle 142.
The firebox 2 comprises a protective wall 21 and a chamber 22 disposed within the protective wall 21.
The invention further discloses a boiler combustion method for low-load stable combustion, which comprises the following steps:
when the hearth is in normal load combustion, opening the ventilation pipeline to ventilate airflow into the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe, opening the material pipeline to introduce mixed flow of pulverized coal and air into the primary air pipe, and then opening the ignition device to ignite the primary air flow in the primary air pipe, so that the pulverized coal is instantly ignited when the ignited primary air flow and the pulverized coal flow meet at the primary air nozzle, and further flame is formed at the secondary air nozzle;
when the hearth low-load burns, the ventilation pipeline is opened simultaneously to ventilate airflow in the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe, the material pipeline is opened to introduce pulverized coal and air mixed flow into the primary air pipe, the biomass fuel pipe is opened simultaneously to convey biomass, then the ignition device is opened to ignite the primary air airflow in the primary air pipe, so that the pulverized coal is ignited instantly when the ignited primary air airflow meets the pulverized coal flow at the primary air nozzle, flame is formed at the secondary air nozzle, and the flame is contacted with the surrounding biomass when diffusing outwards, so that the pulverized coal is combusted fully.
The specific combustion process is as follows: the primary air flow is sprayed out from the primary air nozzle to carry the pulverized coal to be fed into the hearth for combustion, and the secondary air flow is sprayed out from the secondary air nozzle to provide air for combustion supporting. When the hearth is operated in low-load combustion, compared with the design working condition, the coal feeding quantity is reduced, the integral temperature of the hearth is reduced, the pulverized coal combustion is influenced, and the flame is unstable or even extinguished.
The invention has the following characteristics: when the low-load combustion operation of the hearth is carried out, the biomass fuel is sprayed into the hearth to be combusted, the biomass particles (such as straw particles, straw particles and the like) are sprayed into the hearth to be combusted, and the biomass fuel is more combustible and faster to combust by utilizing the characteristic of higher volatile component of the biomass, so that the effect of stabilizing the flame combustion of the hearth can be achieved. Meanwhile, the heat value of the biomass particles is lower than that of the pulverized coal, so that the phenomenon that the temperature of the flame of a hearth is increased while the flame is stabilized, so that the productivity exceeds the load requirement is avoided. Air enters the coal bunker after being heated by the air preheater, the air carries pulverized coal to be sent into the hearth as primary air, when the hearth is in normal load combustion, the air speed of the primary air flow and the air speed of the secondary air flow are controlled to be 20-30 m/s, when the hearth is in low-load combustion, the air speed of the primary air flow and the air speed of the secondary air flow are reduced, the feeding amount of the pulverized coal is reduced, the flow speed of a pulverized coal-air mixed flow in the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe is 15-25 m/s, and the flow speed of biomass is 10-15 m/s. And when the low-load operation is carried out, starting the biomass fuel inlet. The air with biomass particles is heated to 200 ℃ by an air preheater, the biomass combustion is easily caused when the air temperature is too high, the biomass fuel is fed into a hearth, the air speed is controlled to be 10-15m/s, and the flame is prevented from being blown out when the air speed is too high. The direction of the biomass fuel nozzle is consistent with that of the primary air nozzle, so that the biomass fuel enters the biomass fuel inlet, is sprayed out of the biomass fuel nozzle, is consistent with the direction of primary air flow, and is fed into the hearth for combustion.
The above embodiments are merely preferred examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that equivalent changes or modifications in the structure, characteristics and principles of the invention described in the claims should be included in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a low-load stable combustion's boiler combustor, includes combustor (1) and furnace (2), its characterized in that, combustor (1) includes casing (11), sets up secondary tuber pipe (12) at casing (11) center, distributes in primary air pipe (13) of secondary tuber pipe (12) both sides, hugs closely biomass fuel pipe (14) that casing (11) inner wall set up, combustor (1) sets up four angles departments at furnace (2), wherein:
the secondary air nozzles (122) of the secondary air pipe (12) are arranged along the direction of the circular tangent of the hearth (2);
the primary air nozzles (132) of the primary air pipes (13) are arranged along the radial direction of the hearth (2);
the biomass fuel nozzle (142) of the biomass fuel pipe (14) is arranged along the center of the hearth (2).
2. The low-load stable-combustion boiler burner as recited in claim 1, wherein the biomass fuel inlet (141) of the biomass fuel pipe (14) is located at the front end of the secondary air inlet (121) of the secondary air pipe (12), and the secondary air inlet (121) is flush with the primary air inlet (131) of the primary air pipe (13).
3. The low load stable combustion boiler burner of claim 1, wherein the biomass fuel nozzle (142) is bent outward at an angle of 30 ° to 45 ° with respect to the biomass fuel pipe (14).
4. The low load stable combustion boiler burner of claim 3, wherein the biomass fuel nozzle (142) of the biomass fuel pipe (14) terminates with a beveled shape.
5. The low load stable combustion boiler burner according to claim 4, wherein the primary air nozzle (132) is arranged flush with the secondary air nozzle (122) and is located at the front end of the biomass fuel nozzle (142).
6. The low load stable combustion boiler burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace (2) comprises a protective wall (21) and a chamber (22) arranged inside the protective wall (21).
7. A combustion method of a low load stable combustion boiler burner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
when the hearth is in normal load combustion, opening a ventilation pipeline to ventilate airflow into a primary air pipe and a secondary air pipe, opening a material pipeline to introduce mixed flow of pulverized coal and air into the primary air pipe, and then opening an ignition device to ignite the primary air flow in the primary air pipe, so that the pulverized coal is instantly ignited when the ignited primary air flow and the pulverized coal flow meet at a primary air nozzle, and further flame is formed at a secondary air nozzle;
when the hearth low-load burns, simultaneously open ventilation pipeline to ventilate the air current in primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe, open material pipeline and lead to buggy, the gas mixing flow in to primary air pipe, open biomass fuel pipe simultaneously and carry living beings, later open ignition and light the interior wind air current of primary air pipe, make when the once wind air current of lighting and buggy flow in the time of once wind spout meet ignite the buggy in the twinkling of an eye, and then form flame at the secondary air spout, flame contacts rather than living beings all around when diffusing outward, make the buggy fully burn.
8. The combustion method of the low load stable combustion boiler burner according to claim 7, wherein the biomass fuel pipe is preheated with the air carrying the biomass particles by an air preheater to a temperature of 200 ℃.
9. The combustion method of a low-load stable-combustion boiler burner according to claim 7,
when the hearth is in full load combustion, the flow velocity of the mixed flow of the pulverized coal and the gas in the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe is 20-30 m/s;
when the hearth is in low-load combustion, the flow velocity of the mixed flow of the pulverized coal and the gas in the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe is 15-25 m/s, and the flow velocity of the biomass is 10-15 m/s.
10. Use of the low-load stable-combustion boiler burner of any one of claims 1 to 6 in pulverized coal and straw combustion.
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| CN112833387B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-12-13 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Boiler system for adjusting temperature of flue gas in hearth |
| CN112902152B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-04-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Two-stage combustion chamber combustion device for co-combustion of low-volatile solid fuel |
| CN113007698B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-12-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Combustion system for lower layer of opposed combustion boiler and use method |
| CN115007085B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-12-02 | 江苏铧德氢能源科技有限公司 | Gas distributor in hydrogen production plant |
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| JP4056752B2 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2008-03-05 | バブコック日立株式会社 | Biomass fuel combustion apparatus and method |
| CN101315184B (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2010-06-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Wall type arranged horizontal rich-lean direct current combustion device |
| JP5357714B2 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2013-12-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Boiler equipment |
| CN205119046U (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-30 | 钱壬章 | Swirl pulverized coal burner |
| CN108413383A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-08-17 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of coal-burning boiler biomass coupling combustion system |
| CN108679599B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-06-26 | 华中科技大学 | Oxygen-enriched combustion method for mixing pulverized coal with biomass |
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