CN109811927B - A fireproof and seismic isolation bearing device and fireproof and seismic isolation method under earthquake action - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fireproof and shock-insulating support device and a fireproof and shock-insulating method under the action of an earthquake, wherein the shock-insulating support comprises a rubber layer and an interlayer steel plate which are stacked up and down at intervals, a supporting core is arranged in the middle of the shock-insulating support in a penetrating way from top to bottom, a buffering and fire-proof protection layer is arranged around the periphery of the shock-insulating support, the buffering and fire-proof protection layer is of a net structure and comprises a plurality of fireproof balls serving as nodes of the net structure, and the adjacent fireproof balls are connected through rigid springs; the fireproof ball comprises a ball shell and a shape memory alloy block arranged in the center of the ball shell, wherein the ball shell is filled with fireproof paint around the shape memory alloy block, and paint overflow holes are distributed on the surface of the fireproof ball; the gap between the cushioning fireproof protection layer and the vibration isolation support is filled with fireproof rock wool. The invention has good fireproof performance, can achieve normal shock insulation effect when a fire disaster occurs, and can ensure the safety of the building; and the damage and the vibration isolation failure of the vibration isolation support structure caused by the earthquake vibration can be avoided, and the durable protection can be provided for the building.

Description

A fire-proof and seismic isolation bearing device and fire-proof and seismic isolation method under earthquake action

Technical field

The invention relates to a fire prevention and earthquake isolation support device and a fire prevention and earthquake isolation method under earthquake action, and belongs to the field of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction of building structures.

Background technique

In recent years, my country has experienced many earthquakes with large magnitudes and destructive degrees. For example, the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake caused nearly 90,000 deaths or missing people, and the Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake caused 196 deaths and 21 missing people. With the rapid development of my country's national economy, the number of earthquake-isolated buildings constructed in my country has grown rapidly in recent years. According to statistics from the China Survey and Design Association, as of December 2016, the number of earthquake-isolated buildings nationwide exceeded 3,000. The realization of the shock-absorbing effect of a seismic isolation building is inseparable from the design of its seismic isolation structure, and the seismic isolation bearing is a part of it.

Seismic isolation bearings are rubber products and are important components in seismic isolation buildings. However, on the one hand, their fire resistance is poor. After a fire occurs, it will have a greater impact on the normal use of the building. In order to ensure that seismic isolation buildings are in good condition In order to ensure the safety of the building by ensuring that it can be used normally in the event of a fire, the fireproof structure of the isolation nodes of the earthquake-isolated building must be considered. On the other hand, the design of the earthquake-isolated building requires that the building components related to earthquake isolation need to be protected when an earthquake strikes. It can move freely, but under the irregular vibration of the earthquake, the upper structure and the lower structure of the isolation bearing will move relative to each other. At this time, the isolation bearing between the upper structure and the lower structure will have a larger displacement. This in turn leads to the destruction of the support structure and failure of the isolation, making it impossible to effectively protect the building.

Contents of the invention

In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fire-proof and shock-isolation support device and a fire-proof and shock-isolation method under earthquake action, which have good fire-proof performance, will not affect normal use when a fire occurs, and will not be affected by earthquake vibrations. Resulting in structural damage and isolation failure, it can provide lasting protection for buildings.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a fireproof and seismic isolation device under earthquake action, including a seismic isolation support provided between the upper building structure and the lower building structure, and the seismic isolation support includes upper and lower intervals. There are laminated rubber layers and sandwich steel plates, and there is a support core running through the middle of the isolation bearing from top to bottom. The outer circumference of the isolation bearing is surrounded by a cushioning and fireproof protective layer. The cushioning and fireproof protective layer is a mesh structure, including As multiple fireproof balls as nodes of a network structure, adjacent fireproof balls are connected by rigid springs; the fireproof balls include a spherical shell and a shape memory alloy block located in the center of the spherical shell. In the spherical shell, there is a shape memory alloy block. The surroundings are filled with fireproof paint, and multiple paint overflow holes are distributed on the surface of the fireproof ball; the upper edge of the cushioning fireproof protective layer is fixed on the upper building structure, and the lower edge of the cushioning fireproof protective layer is fixed on the lower building structure. The gap between the cushioning fireproof protective layer and the isolation bearing is filled with fireproof rock wool.

Preferably, the spherical shell of the fireproof ball includes two ceramic airgel hemispheric shells. The openings of the two ceramic airgel hemispheric shells are opposite and respectively bonded to both sides of a circular connecting ring. The cavity surrounded by the gel hemispherical shell is filled with fireproof paint around the shape memory alloy block, and the paint overflow holes are distributed around the openings of the ceramic airgel hemispherical shell on the surface of the ceramic airgel hemispherical shell. Aerogels are composed of air or free space and ceramic, metal, granular, powder or carbon solid media, where the proportion of air or free space is >99%. Therefore, aerogels can be very light, while ceramic aerogels are more It has many excellent properties, such as light weight, excellent thermal insulation and chemical stability, and can operate under high temperature conditions in corrosive environments, thus playing an effective fire protection role in fires. Therefore, ceramic aerogels are used as fire protection The ball's shell material. In order to facilitate the production and replacement of the fireproof ball, the small ball is composed of two hemispherical shells glued together through a circular connecting ring. If the fireproof ball is damaged due to improper operation during use and needs to be replaced, the fireproof ball must be split into two parts. Of the two hemispheres, the damaged part can be directly replaced with a new one, making the installation or replacement of the ball more convenient.

Preferably, the material of the ceramic airgel hemispherical shell is three-dimensional hBN ceramic aerogel. Three-dimensional hBN ceramic aerogel has excellent fire resistance, and has a negative thermal expansion coefficient and a negative Poisson's ratio. It is not only ultra-light and super heat-insulating, but also has high mechanical strength and can improve the isolation device during fire. The overall support further reduces the possibility of bearing damage.

The upper and lower edges of the cushioning fire protection layer can be fixed to the upper building structure and lower building structure through bonding, bolting, etc. Preferably, fixed hooks are distributed around the bottom periphery of the upper building structure and the top periphery of the lower building structure, and the rigid springs near the upper and lower edges of the cushioning fire protection layer are fixedly hung on the corresponding fixed hooks. Such an arrangement facilitates the quick installation and installation of the cushioning and fireproof protective layer. When the cushioning and fireproof protective layer is accidentally damaged, it can also be easily disassembled for quick replacement.

Preferably, the shape memory alloy block is made of one of Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloy, magnetron shape memory alloy, and Cu-based memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy block is fixed inside the fireproof ball through steel wires. The shape memory alloy block is fixed inside the fireproof ball through steel wires. The fixed structure is stable, simple and easy to install and operate.

In order to facilitate the installation of the rigid spring, spring connection holes are provided on the edge of the circular connecting ring. The end of the rigid spring can be directly connected to the spring connection hole, which facilitates the connection between the fireproof ball and the fireproof ball.

Preferably, the plurality of fireproof ball arrays are arranged on a plane, and the fireproof balls in adjacent rows and adjacent columns are arranged in a staggered manner. Such an arrangement can reduce the distance between adjacent fireproof balls. The number of fireproof balls arranged on a plane of the same area is greater, which can improve the energy absorption and fire prevention capabilities of the cushioning fireproof protective layer.

Preferably, the rigid spring is made of stainless steel and its surface is coated with fire retardant paint. During use, the corrosion of the rigid spring is avoided, and the rigid spring is provided with fire-proof capabilities, preventing the fire-retardant protective layer from losing its support and cushioning effects after being burned.

The invention also discloses a fire prevention and earthquake isolation method, which includes the following steps:

A. Place the isolation bearing with multiple layers of rubber layers and sandwich steel plates in the space between the upper building structure and the lower building structure, so that the top of the isolation bearing bears against the bottom surface of the upper building structure, and the isolation bearing The bottom of the seat is fixed to the upper surface of the lower building structure through bolts;

B. Make fireproof balls, and use multiple fireproof balls with shape memory alloy blocks and filled with fireproof paint in the spherical shell as nodes of the network structure, and then connect the adjacent fireproof balls together through rigid springs to form a buffer. Shock and fire protection layer;

C. Set fixed hooks around the bottom periphery of the upper building structure and the top periphery of the lower building structure. Hang the rigid springs near the upper and lower edges of the cushioning fire protection layer to the corresponding fixed hooks, and place them on the cushioning hooks. The gap between the fire protection layer and the isolation bearing is filled with fireproof rock wool;

D. When an earthquake occurs, when the isolation bearing bears a vertical load, the lateral deformation of the rubber layer is restrained by the upper and lower sandwich steel plates, so that the entire isolation bearing has a large vertical stiffness; in the isolation bearing When bearing a load in the horizontal direction, under the same rubber material and total thickness conditions, the sandwich steel plate will not affect the normal shear deformation of the rubber layer, maintaining the inherent flexibility of the rubber and the horizontal stiffness will not change; the rigid spring can absorb part of the energy, reducing the displacement of the isolation bearing under the action of an earthquake and reducing the risk of damage to the isolation bearing. After the earthquake vibration stops, the rigid spring will return to its initial state, thus helping to restore the isolation bearing to a certain degree. degree to ensure that the structure can continue to be used, thereby providing lasting protection to the building;

E. When a fire occurs at the same time as an earthquake, as the temperature rises, the shape memory alloy block in the fireproof ball becomes larger, and the fireproof paint is squeezed to overflow to the outside of the fireproof ball through the paint overflow hole, and then fills the adjacent fireproof ball. The gap between the balls, on the one hand, effectively blocks heat, inhibits combustibles and oxygen from entering the space enclosed by the cushioning fire protection layer, and provides three-dimensional fire protection for the isolation bearings enclosed within it; on the other hand, the fire retardant coating After filling the gaps between adjacent fire-proof balls, it also protects the entire cushioning fire-proof protective layer itself from being accidentally damaged by earthquakes; fire-proof rock wool protects the isolation bearings by wrapping it.

In the above fireproof and shock isolation method, the fireproof ball is made in the following way:

a) The ceramic airgel is made into a hemispherical ceramic airgel hemispheric shell, and multiple paint overflow holes are arranged around the opening of the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell on the surface of the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell;

b) Open spring connection holes on the edge of the circular connecting ring, and install the shape memory alloy block compressed at low temperature into the circular connecting ring through fixed steel wires;

c) Bond the opening of one of the ceramic airgel hemispheric shells to one side of the circular connecting ring, place fireproof paint in the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell, and then glue the opening of the other ceramic airgel hemispheric shell The fireproof ball is made by bonding on the other side surface of the circular connecting ring.

Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The support core of the present invention has a certain yield force and can provide support for the isolation bearing; the sandwich steel plate and the rubber layer are closely bonded. When the building vibrates, when the isolation bearing bears the vertical load, the rubber layer The lateral deformation is constrained by the sandwich steel plate, so that the entire seismic isolation bearing has a large vertical stiffness; when the seismic isolation bearing bears a horizontal load, under the same rubber material and total thickness conditions, the sandwich steel plate will not affect The normal shear deformation of the rubber layer maintains the inherent flexibility of the rubber and the horizontal stiffness does not change.

The protective layer of the isolation bearing is composed of hollow fireproof balls and rigid springs, and the nodes of the net are fireproof balls. When an earthquake occurs, the rigid spring can absorb part of the energy, reducing the displacement of the isolation bearing under the action of the earthquake and reducing the risk of damage to the isolation bearing; and the rigid spring will return to its initial state after the earthquake vibration stops, thus It helps to restore the isolation bearing to a certain extent, ensuring that the structure can continue to be used, thereby isolating the building and providing lasting protection.

(2) Fireproof rock wool protects the isolation bearings by wrapping them to achieve fire protection; fireproof balls made of ceramic aerogel hemispherical shells with lightweight, high thermal insulation and chemical stability can be used in corrosive environments. Operate under high temperature conditions, thereby playing an effective fire prevention role in fires.

(3) The shape memory alloy used in the present invention is a new smart material with unique shape memory effect and superelasticity. First, the shape memory alloy is made into a block shape, and is plastically deformed and compressed to a smaller volume at low temperatures. After being placed in the center of the fireproof ball, sufficient fireproof paint can be filled around it; in the event of a fire at the same time as an earthquake As the temperature rises, the shape memory alloy block in the fireproof ball becomes larger in size, and then the fireproof paint is squeezed to overflow to the outside of the fireproof ball through the paint overflow hole. As the temperature rises, the shape memory alloy block in the fireproof paint becomes larger. The ingredients generate a thick layer of honeycomb charcoal through physical and chemical reactions, which then fills the gaps between adjacent fireproof balls. On the one hand, it effectively blocks heat and inhibits combustibles and oxygen from entering the space surrounded by the cushioning fireproof protective layer. , perform three-dimensional fire protection on the enclosed seismic isolation bearings; on the other hand, the fire-retardant coating fills the gaps between adjacent fire-retardant balls and protects the fire-retardant balls and rigid springs on the entire cushioning fire-retardant protection layer, reducing the impact of earthquakes And direct contact combustion, extending service life.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of Figure 1 with the cushioning and fire protection layer omitted;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural view of the seismic isolation support in the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the fireproof ball and the rigid spring in the cushioning fireproof protective layer of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a front view of the fireproof ball in the cushioning fireproof protective layer of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a top view of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a shape memory alloy block fixed in a circular connecting ring;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the fixed connection between the isolation bearing and the lower building structure;

In the picture, 1. Upper building structure, 2. Lower building structure, 10. Seismic isolation bearing, 11. Rubber layer, 12. Sandwich steel plate, 13. Support core, 14. Bolts, 20. Shock-absorbing fire protection layer, 21 .Fireproof ball, 21-1. Ceramic airgel hemispheric shell, 21-2. Circular connecting ring, 21-2-1. Spring connection hole, 21-3. Shape memory alloy block, 21-4. Steel wire, 21 -5. Paint overflow hole, 22. Rigid spring, 30. Fireproof rock wool.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in the figure, a fireproof and seismic isolation device under earthquake action includes a seismic isolation support 10 located between an upper building structure 1 and a lower building structure 2. The seismic isolation support 10 includes rubber that is stacked up and down. Layer 11 and sandwich steel plate 12, and a support core 13 runs through the middle of the isolation support 10 from top to bottom. The isolation support 10 is surrounded by a cushioning and fireproof protective layer 20, and the cushioning and fireproof protective layer 20 is mesh-shaped. The structure includes a plurality of fireproof balls 21 as nodes of a mesh structure. Adjacent fireproof balls 21 are connected by rigid springs 22; the fireproof balls 21 include a spherical shell and a shape memory alloy block 21-3 located in the center of the spherical shell. The spherical shell is filled with fireproof paint around the shape memory alloy block 21-3, and a plurality of paint overflow holes 21-5 are distributed on the surface of the fireproof ball 21; the upper edge of the cushioning fireproof protective layer 20 is fixed to the superstructure On the structure 1, the lower edge of the shock-absorbing fire protection layer 20 is fixed on the lower building structure 2, and the gap between the shock-absorbing fire protection layer 20 and the earthquake isolation support 10 is filled with fire-proof rock wool 30.

The fireproof ball 21 can be composed of tantalum-hafnium carbide alloy, graphite, foam metal, zirconium diboride, titanium diboride, silicon carbide and other new materials with fireproof capabilities. Preferably, the spherical shell of the fireproof ball 21 includes two ceramic airgel hemispheric shells 21-1. The openings of the two ceramic airgel hemispheric shells 21-1 are opposite and are respectively bonded to a circular connecting ring 21- On both sides of the surface of 2, the cavity surrounded by the two ceramic airgel hemispheric shells 21-1 is filled with fireproof paint around the shape memory alloy block 21-3, and the paint overflow hole 21-5 surrounds the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell. The openings 21-1 are distributed on the surface of the ceramic airgel hemispherical shell 21-1. Aerogels are composed of air or free space and ceramic, metal, granular, powder or carbon solid media, where the proportion of air or free space is >99%. Therefore, aerogels can be very light, while ceramic aerogels are more It has many excellent properties, such as light weight, excellent thermal insulation and chemical stability, and can operate under high temperature conditions in corrosive environments, thereby playing an effective fire protection role in fires. Therefore, ceramic aerogels are used as fire protection The shell material of ball 21. In order to facilitate the production and replacement of the fireproof ball 21, the small ball is composed of two hemispherical shells glued together through a circular connecting ring 21-2. If the fireproof ball 21 is damaged due to improper operation during use and needs to be replaced, replace it. The fireproof ball 21 is split into two hemispheres, and the damaged part can be directly replaced with a new one, thereby making the installation or replacement of the ball more convenient.

Preferably, the material of the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell 21-1 is three-dimensional hBN ceramic aerogel. Three-dimensional hBN ceramic aerogel has excellent fire resistance, and has a negative thermal expansion coefficient and a negative Poisson's ratio. It is not only ultra-light and super heat-insulating, but also has high mechanical strength and can improve the isolation device during fire. The overall support further reduces the possibility of bearing damage.

The upper and lower edges of the cushioning fire protection layer 20 can be fixed on the upper building structure 1 and the lower building structure 2 by bonding, bolting, etc. Preferably, fixed hooks are arranged around the bottom periphery of the upper building structure 1 and the top periphery of the lower building structure 2, and the rigid springs 22 near the upper and lower edges of the cushioning and fire protection layer 20 are fixedly hung to the corresponding fixed hooks. superior. Such an arrangement facilitates the quick installation and installation of the cushioning and fireproof protective layer 20, and is also easy to disassemble and quickly replace when the cushioning and fireproof protective layer 20 is accidentally damaged.

Preferably, the shape memory alloy block 21-3 is made of one of Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloy, magnetron shape memory alloy, and Cu-based memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy block 21-3 passes through the steel wire 21- 4 is fixed inside the fireproof ball 21. The shape memory alloy block 21-3 is fixed inside the fireproof ball 21 through the steel wire 21-4. The fixed structure is stable, simple and easy to install and operate.

In order to facilitate the installation of the rigid spring 22, spring connection holes 21-2-1 are provided on the edge of the circular connection ring 21-2. The end of the rigid spring 22 can be directly connected to the spring connection hole 21-2-1, which facilitates the connection between the fireproof ball 21 and the fireproof ball 21.

Preferably, the plurality of fireproof ball arrays 21 are arranged on a plane, and the fireproof balls 21 in adjacent rows and adjacent columns are arranged in a staggered manner. Such an arrangement can reduce the distance between adjacent fire-proof balls 21. The number of fire-proof balls 21 arranged on a plane of the same area is larger, which can improve the energy-absorbing and fire-proof capabilities of the cushioning fire-proof protective layer 20.

Preferably, the rigid spring 22 is made of stainless steel, and its surface is coated with fire retardant paint. During use, the rigid spring 22 is prevented from being rusted, and the rigid spring 22 is provided with fire-proofing capabilities, thereby preventing the fire-proof cushioning protective layer 20 from losing its supporting and cushioning effects after being burned.

Preferably, the support core 13 is a tin core. The tin core has a large yield force, provides better rigid support for the isolation bearing 10, and is more environmentally friendly.

In the present invention, the rubber layer 11 and the sandwich steel plate 12 in the isolation support 10 are made by high-temperature pressure vulcanization and bonding, and have high strength. In addition to natural rubber, the rubber layer 11 also contains vulcanizing agents, fillers (reinforcing, non-reinforcing), anti-aging agents, softeners, etc.

The upper building structure 1 and the lower building structure 2 are general concrete columns or concrete beams. When making the cushioning fireproof protective layer 20, the radius of the fireproof ball 21 and the length of the rigid spring 22 should be determined according to the size of the isolation support and the convenience for workers to install; and on this basis, the radius of the fireproof ball 21 should be as large as possible Large, the length of the rigid spring 22 is as small as possible. On the one hand, the shorter rigid spring 22 can ensure the support of the rigid spring 22, and on the other hand, it can prevent fire prevention when the paint overflow hole 21-5 on the fireproof ball 21 is too large. After the paint flows out, the gaps between the fireproof balls 21 cannot be completely filled to ensure the normal realization of the fireproof function.

Fire isolation methods include the following steps:

A. Place the seismic isolation support 10 with the multi-layer rubber layer 11 and the sandwich steel plate 12 in the space between the upper building structure 1 and the lower building structure 2, so that the top of the seismic isolation support 10 bears against the upper building structure 1 The bottom surface of the isolation bearing 10 is fixed to the upper surface of the lower building structure 2 through bolts 14;

B. Make fireproof balls 21, and use multiple fireproof balls 21 with shape memory alloy blocks 21-3 in the spherical shell and filled with fireproof paint as nodes of the network structure, and then connect the adjacent fireproof balls 21 through rigid The springs 22 are connected together to form a cushioning and fireproof protective layer 20;

C. Set fixed hooks around the bottom periphery of the upper building structure 1 and the top periphery of the lower building structure 2, and hang the rigid springs 22 near the upper and lower edges of the cushioning fire protection layer 20 to the corresponding fixed hooks. And fill the gap between the cushioning fire protection layer 20 and the isolation support 10 with fireproof rock wool 30;

D. When an earthquake occurs, when the isolation bearing 10 is subjected to a vertical load, the lateral deformation of the rubber layer 11 is restrained by the upper and lower sandwich steel plates 12, so that the entire isolation bearing 10 has a large vertical stiffness; When the isolation bearing 10 bears a load in the horizontal direction, under the same rubber material and total thickness conditions, the sandwich steel plate 12 will not affect the normal shear deformation of the rubber layer 11, maintaining the inherent flexibility of the rubber, and horizontal stiffness will not occur. Change; the rigid spring 22 can absorb part of the energy, reducing the displacement of the isolation support 10 under the action of an earthquake and reducing the risk of damage to the isolation support 10. After the earthquake vibration stops, the rigid spring 22 will return to the initial state, thereby It helps to restore the seismic isolation support 10 to a certain extent, ensuring that the structure can continue to be used, thereby providing long-lasting protection for the building;

E. When a fire occurs simultaneously with an earthquake, as the temperature rises, the shape memory alloy block 21-3 in the fireproof ball 21 becomes larger in size, and the fireproof paint is squeezed to cause it to overflow into the fireproof ball 21 through the paint overflow hole 21-5. outside, and then fill the gaps between adjacent fireproof balls 21. On the one hand, it effectively blocks heat and inhibits combustibles and oxygen from entering the space surrounded by the cushioning fireproof protective layer 20, which affects the isolation bearings enclosed therein. 10 for three-dimensional fire protection; on the other hand, after the fire-retardant coating fills the gap between adjacent fire-proof balls 21, it also protects the entire cushioning fire-proof protective layer 20 itself and avoids accidental damage under earthquake action; the fire-proof rock wool 30 is wrapped by Ways to protect the isolation bearing 10.

Among them, the above-mentioned fireproof ball 21 can be made in the following manner:

a) The ceramic airgel is made into a hemispherical ceramic airgel hemispheric shell 21-1, and multiple openings are arranged around the surface of the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell 21-1. paint overflow holes 21-5;

b) Open spring connection holes 21-2-1 on the edge of the circular connecting ring 21-2, and install the shape memory alloy block 21-3 made at low temperature on the circular connecting ring 21 through the fixed steel wire 21-4. -2 within;

c) Bond the opening of one of the ceramic airgel hemispheric shells 21-1 to one side surface of the circular connecting ring 21-2, place fireproof paint in the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell 21-1, and then put the other one The opening of a ceramic airgel hemispherical shell 21-1 is bonded to the other side surface of the circular connecting ring 21-2 to form the fireproof ball 21.

Claims (10)

1. A fireproof and seismic isolation bearing device under earthquake action, including an isolation bearing (10) located between an upper building structure (1) and a lower building structure (2), characterized in that the isolation bearing The seat (10) includes a rubber layer (11) and a sandwich steel plate (12) stacked up and down, and a support core (13) runs through the middle of the isolation support (10) from top to bottom. The isolation support (10) ) is surrounded by a cushioning fireproof protective layer (20). The cushioning fireproof protective layer (20) is a mesh structure and includes a plurality of fireproof balls (21) as nodes of the mesh structure. The adjacent fireproof balls (21) ) are connected by rigid springs (22); the fireproof ball (21) includes a spherical shell and a shape memory alloy block (21-3) located in the center of the spherical shell. In the spherical shell, the shape memory alloy block (21-3) The surroundings are filled with fireproof paint, and multiple paint overflow holes (21-5) are distributed on the surface of the fireproof ball (21); the upper edge of the cushioning fireproof protective layer (20) is fixed on the upper building structure (1), The lower edge of the earthquake-proof fire protection layer (20) is fixed on the lower building structure (2), and the gap between the earthquake-resistance fire protection layer (20) and the earthquake-isolation support (10) is filled with fire-proof rock wool (30). 2. A fireproof and isolation bearing device under earthquake action according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical shell of the fireproof ball (21) includes two ceramic airgel hemispheric shells (21-1), The openings of the two ceramic airgel hemispheric shells (21-1) are opposite and respectively bonded to the two side surfaces of a circular connecting ring (21-2). The two ceramic airgel hemispheric shells (21-1) surround The formed cavity is filled with fireproof paint around the shape memory alloy block (21-3), and the paint overflow holes (21-5) are distributed around the openings of the ceramic airgel hemispherical shell (21-1) and are located in the ceramic airgel. The surface of the hemispherical shell (21-1). 3. A fireproof and isolation bearing device under earthquake action according to claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic airgel hemispherical shell (21-1) is made of three-dimensional hBN ceramic airgel. 4. A fireproof and seismic isolation bearing device under earthquake action according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom periphery of the upper building structure (1) and the top periphery of the lower building structure (2) are surrounded by fixed Hook, the rigid spring (22) close to the upper edge and lower edge of the cushioning fire protection layer (20) is hung on the fixed hook at the corresponding position. 5. A fireproof and isolation bearing device under earthquake action according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape memory alloy block (21-3) is made of Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloy, magnetic control shape It is one of memory alloys and Cu-based memory alloys, and the shape memory alloy block (21-3) is fixed inside the fireproof ball (21) through the steel wire (21-4). 6. A fireproof and isolation bearing device under earthquake action according to claim 2, characterized in that, the edge of the circular connecting ring (21-2) is provided with spring connecting holes (21-2-1) ), the end of the rigid spring (22) is connected to the spring connection hole (21-2-1). 7. A fireproof and seismic isolation support device under earthquake action according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of fireproof ball (21) arrays are arranged on a plane, and adjacent rows and adjacent columns are The fireproof balls (21) are all staggered. 8. A fireproof and isolation bearing device under earthquake action according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid spring (22) is made of stainless steel, and its surface is coated with fireproof paint. 9. A fire prevention and earthquake isolation method, characterized in that it includes the following steps: A. Place the earthquake isolation support (10) with multiple layers of rubber layer (11) and sandwich steel plate (12) in the space between the upper building structure (1) and the lower building structure (2), so that the isolation support The top of the seat (10) bears against the bottom surface of the upper building structure (1), and the bottom of the isolation support (10) is fixed to the upper surface of the lower building structure (2) through bolts (14); B. Make fireproof balls (21), and use multiple fireproof balls (21) with shape memory alloy blocks (21-3) in the spherical shell and filled with fireproof paint as nodes of the network structure, and then connect adjacent ones. The fireproof balls (21) are all connected together through rigid springs (22) to form a cushioning fireproof protective layer (20); C. Set fixed hooks around the bottom periphery of the upper building structure (1) and the top periphery of the lower building structure (2), and hang the cushioning and fire protection layer (20) close to the rigid springs (22) on the upper and lower edges. Set it on the corresponding fixed hook, and fill the gap between the shock-absorbing fire protection layer (20) and the isolation support (10) with fire-proof rock wool (30); D. When an earthquake occurs, when the isolation bearing (10) bears a vertical load, the lateral deformation of the rubber layer (11) is restrained by the upper and lower sandwich steel plates (12), so that the isolation bearing (10) as a whole has Great vertical stiffness; when the isolation support (10) bears a horizontal load, under the same rubber material and total thickness conditions, the sandwich steel plate (12) will not affect the normal shear deformation of the rubber layer (11) , the inherent flexibility of the rubber is maintained, and the horizontal stiffness does not change; the rigid spring (22) can absorb part of the energy, reducing the displacement of the isolation bearing (10) under the action of an earthquake, and reducing the (10), the rigid spring (22) will return to its initial state after the earthquake vibration stops, thus helping to restore the isolation support (10) to a certain extent, ensuring that the structure can continue to be used, thus providing lasting support to the building. protection of; E. When a fire occurs simultaneously with an earthquake, as the temperature rises, the shape memory alloy block (21-3) in the fireproof ball (21) becomes larger in size, and the fireproof paint is squeezed to pass through the paint overflow hole (21-5 ) overflows to the outside of the fireproof balls (21), and then fills the gaps between adjacent fireproof balls (21). On the one hand, it effectively blocks heat and inhibits combustibles and oxygen from entering the cushioning fireproof protective layer (20). In the space, the seismic isolation supports (10) enclosed therein are provided with three-dimensional fire protection; on the other hand, the fire-retardant paint fills the gaps between adjacent fire-retardant balls (21) and also protects the entire shock-absorbing fire protection layer (20) itself to avoid accidental damage under earthquake action; the fireproof rock wool (30) protects the isolation bearing (10) by wrapping it. 10. The fireproof and shock isolation method according to claim 9, characterized in that the fireproof ball (21) is made in the following manner: a) Make the ceramic airgel into a hemispherical ceramic airgel hemispheric shell (21-1), and surround the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell (21-1) on the surface of the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell (21-1) ) openings are distributed with multiple paint overflow holes (21-5); b) Open spring connection holes (21-2-1) on the edge of the circular connection ring (21-2), and pass the shape memory alloy block (21-3) compressed at low temperature through the fixed steel wire (21- 4) Installed in the circular connecting ring (21-2); c) Bond the opening of one of the ceramic airgel hemispheric shells (21-1) to one side surface of the circular connecting ring (21-2), and place it in the ceramic airgel hemispheric shell (21-1) Fire retardant coating, and then bond the opening of another ceramic airgel hemispheric shell (21-1) to the other side surface of the circular connecting ring (21-2) to form a fire retardant ball (21).