CN109811223B - Aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of magnesium-based alloys. The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8-6.2% of Sm, 2.0-2.4% of Gd, 0.8-1.2% of Zn, 0.6-1.0% of Al and the balance of Mg. The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy has excellent room temperature and high temperature strength performance, and the tensile strength at room temperature can reach 288MPa to the maximum; the tensile strength is gradually reduced along with the temperature rise, but the tensile strength is still higher than 200MPa at 300 ℃, compared with commercial heat-resistant high-strength magnesium alloy WE54, the alloy has lower rare earth content and higher strength performance, and has wide application prospects in the aerospace and automobile industries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of magnesium-based alloys.
Background
Magnesium alloys are the lightest metal structural materials and are increasingly used in the aerospace and automotive industries. The magnesium alloy can reduce the dead weight of aerospace equipment and automobiles, reduce energy consumption and has important significance for aerospace and automobile industries. However, the strength of the common magnesium alloy is greatly reduced at high temperature, and the common magnesium alloy has poor heat resistance and cannot meet the requirements of aerospace and automobile industries. Therefore, improvement of the heat resistance of magnesium alloys is an important issue in the field of magnesium alloy research.
The heat resistance of the magnesium alloy can be improved by proper alloying, wherein, the Rare Earth (RE) is the most effective alloy element for improving the heat resistance of the magnesium alloy. The rare earth elements can refine grains, improve the room temperature strength of the magnesium alloy through fine grain strengthening, form dispersed high-melting-point rare earth compounds, still pin intragranular dislocation and grain boundary slippage at high temperature, and improve the high temperature strength of the magnesium alloy through dispersion strengthening, so that the Mg-RE (such as WE) alloy can work at higher temperature. However, the strength of the conventional Mg — RE alloy (such as commercial heat-resistant magnesium alloy WE54) is greatly reduced with the increase of temperature, resulting in unstable high-temperature strength, which seriously affects the safety and reliability of the magnesium alloy parts operating at high temperature.
In order to overcome the problem that the strength of the conventional Mg-RE alloy is reduced at high temperature, in the prior art, a Chinese patent with an authorization publication number of CN107267829B discloses a rare earth-containing high-strength magnesium alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.2 to 5.6% of Sm, 2.0 to 2.5% of Zn, 1.0 to 1.5% of Bi, 0.5 to 1.0% of Sn, 0.3 to 0.5% of Sb, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities. The tensile strength of the rare earth-containing high-strength magnesium alloy at room temperature can reach 282MPa to the maximum; the tensile strength is gradually reduced along with the temperature rise, but the tensile strength is still higher than 200MPa at 300 ℃, so that the magnesium alloy has excellent room-temperature and high-temperature strength properties, but the magnesium alloy has complex composition and leads the material selection in the preparation process to be more complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy which has few metal element types and can reduce the complexity of material selection.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy with simple process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy is as follows:
an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8-6.2% of Sm, 2.0-2.4% of Gd, 0.8-1.2% of Zn, 0.6-1.0% of Al and the balance of Mg.
The content of rare earth elements in the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy is 8.6 percent at most, and the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy shows excellent room temperature and high temperature strength performance, and the tensile strength at room temperature can reach 288MPa at most; the tensile strength gradually decreases with increasing temperature, but the tensile strength is still higher than 200MPa at 300 ℃. The commercial high-strength magnesium alloy WE54 has a rare earth content of 9%, a room-temperature tensile strength of 280MPa, a tensile strength gradually decreasing with the temperature rise, and a maximum use temperature of not more than 300 ℃ to meet the use requirement of the tensile strength, wherein the tensile strength is decreased to 180MPa at 300 ℃. Compared with commercial heat-resistant high-strength magnesium alloy WE54, the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy has lower rare earth content and higher strength performance, and has wide application prospects in the aerospace and automobile industries.
In order to reduce the cost while ensuring the high-temperature strength of the magnesium alloy, the total mass percentage of Sm and Gd in the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy is preferably not more than 8.5%.
The preparation method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy adopts the technical scheme that:
the preparation method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy comprises the step of casting the magnesium alloy melt containing the components according to the formula.
The preparation method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy has simple process, can be produced by adopting the existing magnesium alloy production equipment, has low cost and is convenient to popularize and apply.
In order to more accurately control the addition amount of the rare earth element, the rare earth element and magnesium form alloy as a metal material raw material of the corresponding rare earth element, preferably, the magnesium alloy melt is obtained by smelting pure magnesium, pure zinc, pure aluminum, magnesium samarium alloy and magnesium gadolinium alloy.
Preferably, the casting is carried out by casting the magnesium alloy melt at 720-740 ℃ in a protective atmosphere. The magnesium alloy melt is cast in a heat preservation atmosphere, so that the ablation of alloy elements can be reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the content of each metal element in the prepared aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy meets the requirement and the content stability is ensured.
Preferably, the method for preparing the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy further comprises subjecting the cast material to solution treatment. The tensile strength of the rare earth magnesium alloy can be improved through solution treatment.
In order to fully dissolve the reinforcing phase in the matrix, the temperature of the solution treatment is preferably 510-530 ℃ and the time is preferably 6-8 h.
Preferably, the method for preparing the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy further comprises aging the material after the solution treatment. By carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy material subjected to the solution treatment, the hardness and the strength of the material can be increased.
In order to further improve the tensile strength of the material, the temperature of the aging treatment is preferably 200-220 ℃ and the time is preferably 14-16 h.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8-6.2% of Sm, 2.0-2.4% of Gd, 0.8-1.2% of Zn, 0.6-1.0% of Al and the balance of Mg. The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy can be prepared by casting magnesium alloy melt consisting of components according to the formula amount and subsequent solid solution and aging treatment.
The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy comprises the components of Mg-Sm-Gd-Zn-Al, wherein the light rare earth Sm is used as a first component and is added together with the heavy rare earth Gd, the maximum solid solubility of the Sm in Mg is 5.8%, the generation amount of an Sm strengthening phase can be increased near the upper limit of the solid solubility, and the high-temperature strength of the magnesium alloy is improved, so that the mass percent of the Sm is controlled to be 5.8-6.2%; the maximum solid solubility of Gd in Mg is 23.5%, and in order to ensure the strengthening effect and control the alloy cost, the mass percent of Gd in the alloy is controlled to be 2.0-2.4%; 0.6-1.0 wt% of Al is added, so that not only can grains be refined and the room temperature strength be improved, but also high-melting-point strengthening phase Al can be generated2Sm，Al2Gd, improving the high-temperature strength; the comprehensive effect of multi-element alloying is utilized to further improve the room temperature and high temperature strength of the alloy.
Preferably, the total mass percentage of Sm and Gd in the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy is not more than 8.5%.
Further preferably, the total mass percentage of Sm and Gd in the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy is 8.2-8.5%.
The preparation method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy comprises the step of casting the magnesium alloy melt containing the components according to the formula amount.
The magnesium alloy melt is obtained by smelting pure magnesium, pure zinc, pure aluminum, magnesium samarium alloy and magnesium gadolinium alloy. Preferably, the smelting is carried out in a protective atmosphere. The casting is to cast the magnesium alloy melt in a protective atmosphere at 720-740 ℃.
Preferably, the protective atmosphere is CO2And SF6The mixed gas of (1).
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises the step of subjecting the cast material to solution treatment.
Further preferably, the above preparation method further comprises aging the material subjected to the solution treatment. The temperature of the aging treatment is 200-220 ℃. The time of the aging treatment is 14-16 h.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Examples 1 to 3 below are examples of aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloys, and examples 4 to 6 are examples of methods for producing aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloys.
Example 1
The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8% of Sm, 2.4% of Gd, 0.8% of Zn, 1.0% of Al and the balance of Mg.
Example 2
The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.0% of Sm, 2.2% of Gd, 1.0% of Zn, 0.8% of Al and the balance of Mg.
Example 3
The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.2% of Sm, 2.0% of Gd, 1.2% of Zn, 0.6% of Al and the balance of Mg.
The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy of the above embodiments 1 to 3 can be prepared by any of the methods of the embodiments 4 to 6. In the embodiments 4 to 6, the purities of pure magnesium, pure aluminum and pure zinc are all 99.8%, the adopted magnesium-samarium alloy is Mg-25% Sm alloy, and the adopted magnesium-gadolinium alloy is Mg-25% Gd alloy.
Example 4
The preparation method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) according to the composition and content of metal elements in the aluminium-containing rare earth magnesium alloy, pure magnesium, pure aluminium, pure zinc, magnesium samarium alloy and magnesium-gadolinium alloy are taken asStarting from metallic materials in CO2+SF6Under the protection of mixed gas, smelting each metal material raw material by adopting an electromagnetic induction furnace to obtain magnesium alloy melt;
2) in CO2+SF6Under the protection of mixed gas, heating the obtained magnesium alloy melt to 720 ℃, and pouring the magnesium alloy melt into a steel mould to obtain a magnesium alloy ingot;
3) and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the obtained magnesium alloy ingot to obtain the magnesium alloy ingot: the solution treatment temperature is 510 ℃, the time is 8h, the aging treatment temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is 16 h.
Example 5
The preparation method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) according to the composition and content of metal elements in the aluminium-containing rare earth magnesium alloy, pure magnesium, pure aluminium, pure zinc, magnesium samarium alloy and magnesium gadolinium alloy are taken as metal material raw materials, and in the presence of CO2+SF6Under the protection of mixed gas, smelting each metal material raw material by adopting an electromagnetic induction furnace to obtain magnesium alloy melt;
2) in CO2+SF6Under the protection of mixed gas, heating the obtained magnesium alloy melt to 730 ℃, and pouring the magnesium alloy melt into a steel mould to obtain a magnesium alloy ingot;
3) and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the obtained magnesium alloy ingot to obtain the magnesium alloy ingot: the solution treatment temperature is 520 ℃, the time is 7h, the aging treatment temperature is 210 ℃, and the time is 15 h.
Example 6
The preparation method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) according to the composition and content of metal elements in the aluminium-containing rare earth magnesium alloy, pure magnesium, pure aluminium, pure zinc, magnesium samarium alloy and magnesium gadolinium alloy are taken as metal material raw materials, and in the presence of CO2+SF6Under the protection of mixed gas, smelting each metal material raw material by adopting an electromagnetic induction furnace to obtain magnesium alloy melt;
2) in CO2+SF6Under the protection of mixed gas, the obtained magnesium alloy melt is heated to 740 ℃ and poured into steelPreparing a magnesium alloy ingot in the mold;
3) and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the obtained magnesium alloy ingot to obtain the magnesium alloy ingot: the solution treatment temperature is 530 ℃ and the time is 6h, and the aging treatment temperature is 220 ℃ and the time is 14 h.
Test examples
The tensile test method of the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy in the test example comprises the following steps: magnesium alloy ingots subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment in the preparation methods of the above examples and comparative examples are processed into standard tensile test specimens according to the national standard GB6397-86 metal tensile test specimen. A room-temperature and high-temperature tensile test was carried out on an Shimadzu AG-I250 kN electronic tensile tester at a tensile rate of 1 mm/min. When stretching is carried out at high temperature, the temperature is kept for 5 minutes and then stretching is carried out. The comparative example was a commercial WE54(Mg-5Y-4RE-0.5Zr) alloy. The tensile test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 tensile Strength of rare earth magnesium alloys of examples 1-3 and comparative examples
As can be seen from the table, the rare earth magnesium alloy of the present invention has excellent room temperature and high temperature strength. Compared with WE54 alloy, the rare earth content is lower, the tensile strength is higher, the service temperature can reach 300 ℃, and the alloy cost and the strength performance are better than those of WE54 alloy.
Claims (9)
1. An aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy, which is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8-6.2% of Sm, 2.0-2.4% of Gd, 0.8-1.2% of Zn, 0.6-1.0% of Al and the balance of Mg.
2. The aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the total mass percentage of Sm and Gd in the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy is not more than 8.5 percent.
3. The method for producing the aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein: comprises the step of casting the magnesium alloy melt containing the components according to the formula amount.
4. The method for producing an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy according to claim 3, wherein: the magnesium alloy melt is obtained by smelting pure magnesium, pure zinc, pure aluminum, magnesium samarium alloy and magnesium gadolinium alloy.
5. The method for producing an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy according to claim 3, wherein: the casting is to cast the magnesium alloy melt in a protective atmosphere at 720-740 ℃.
6. The method for producing an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy according to claim 3, wherein: the method also comprises the step of carrying out solution treatment on the cast material.
7. The method for producing an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy according to claim 6, wherein: the temperature of the solution treatment is 510-530 ℃, and the time is 6-8 h.
8. The method for producing an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy according to claim 6, wherein: and also comprises the step of carrying out aging treatment on the material after the solution treatment.
9. The method of producing an aluminum-containing rare earth magnesium alloy according to claim 8, wherein: the temperature of the aging treatment is 200-220 ℃, and the time is 14-16 h.
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| CN103820661B (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2016-03-02 | 上海交通大学 | The preparation method of semisolid state slurry thereof of magnesium-rare earth |
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