CN109811129B - Method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from smelting acid wastewater - Google Patents
Method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from smelting acid wastewater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from smelting acidic wastewater. This method comprises the steps of: 1) adding bromine water into wastewater containing thallium, mercury and chromic acid in a smelting plant, and mixing and reacting until the wastewater is orange yellow; 2) mixing and adsorbing the wastewater and anion exchange resin, and collecting the resin; 3) mixing and eluting the resin and a sodium chloride solution to obtain a hexavalent chromium enrichment solution; 4) mixing and eluting the resin treated in the step 3) with a reducing agent solution to obtain enrichment solution of Tl (I) and Hg (I); 5) adding bromide into the enrichment solution for mixing reaction to obtain a mixed precipitate; 6) and adding ethanol into the mixed precipitate until the thallium bromide is dissolved out, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid product mercurous bromide, and removing the ethanol from the liquid product to obtain the thallium bromide. The invention adopts anion exchange resin to directly absorb and recover thallium, mercury and chromium under high acidity, does not need alkali to neutralize acidity, has simple process and high recovery rate of thallium, mercury or chromium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal production, and particularly relates to a method for extracting metal from non-ore raw materials, in particular to a method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from smelting acidic wastewater.
Background
With the development of science and technology, scattered metal thallium and compounds thereof are widely applied to the contemporary communication technology, electronic computers, space navigation development, medicine and health, photosensitive materials, photoelectric materials, energy sources, catalytic materials and the like; the metallic mercury and the compound thereof are also widely applied to the fields of chemistry, medicine, metallurgy, electrical apparatus, military and other precise high and new technologies; chromium has the excellent characteristics of hardness, brittleness, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of metallurgy, chemical industry, cast iron, fire resistance, high-precision science and technology and the like.
Thallium, mercury and chromium are commonly present in some mineral resources, such as metal sulfide ores. Roasting desulfurization is needed during metal smelting, and a large amount of SO is generated in the roasting process2The flue gas is washed to prepare sulfuric acid, and the washing waste water is commonly called waste acid. The waste acid generated in the process of preparing acid by smelting flue gas contains various heavy metals, and the accumulated content of thallium, mercury and chromium can reach dozens of mg/L. Acid waste water is usually settled by lime to remove heavy metals, so that a large amount of solid waste is generated, thallium exists mainly as monovalent ions, hydroxide (TlOH) of thallium is dissolved in water, and thallium pollution is inevitably caused when the acid waste water is discharged. The environmental risks of mercury are more well known to the public. Chromium exists mainly in two valence states of hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium, and the toxicity of hexavalent chromium is obviously stronger than that of trivalent chromium. The chromium pollution generally refers to hexavalent chromium pollution, which is the pollution of hexavalent chromium in waste water by Cr2O7 2-、CrO4 2-And HCrO4 -The form exists stably and has stronger mobility.
On one hand, if the wastewater containing heavy metals is not treated in time, the environment is seriously threatened; on the other hand, thallium resources are extremely limited, the content of thallium in the crust is very low, the average abundance is only 0.8mg/kg, mercury is also an element which is quite rare in the crust, and the waste of resources is caused by no recovery in the smelting process.
The invention patent application with publication number CN103833068A discloses a method for preparing thallium bromide from lead-zinc smelting wastewater, which comprises the steps of firstly adding lead-zinc ore smelting waste residues and lime into the lead-zinc smelting wastewater, collecting precipitated bottom mud, then adding the lead-zinc ore smelting waste residues and sulfuric acid into the bottom mud to obtain a thallium extracting solution, and then adding potassium bromide into the thallium extracting solution to obtain precipitate thallium bromide. The solution of this patent application, although having the advantage of "treating waste with waste", has a low recovery of thallium, and does not involve the recovery of mercury and chromium.
The invention patent application with publication number CN101955158A discloses a recovery treatment process of mercury-containing waste hydrochloric acid, which utilizes A600MB strong-base anion exchange resin to remove and recover mercury from the waste hydrochloric acid. The invention patent application with publication number CN 103102023A discloses a mercury removal and mercury recovery process for mercury-containing waste acid and waste water, and adopts AMRRRSRPTMMR10 resin, but none involved recovery of thallium and chromium.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from smelting acid wastewater, which is suitable for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from smelting plant wastewater containing thallium, mercury and chromic acid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from smelting acidic wastewater comprises the following steps:
1) adding bromine water into wastewater containing thallium, mercury and chromic acid in a smelting plant, and mixing and reacting until the wastewater is orange yellow to obtain wastewater containing trivalent thallium complex anions, divalent mercury complex anions and hexavalent chromium anions;
2) mixing the wastewater treated in the step 1) with anion exchange resin, performing adsorption treatment, filtering and collecting the resin;
3) mixing the resin obtained in the step 2) with a sodium chloride solution, carrying out elution treatment, and filtering to obtain an eluent which is a hexavalent chromium enrichment solution;
4) mixing the resin treated in the step 3) with a reducing agent solution, carrying out elution treatment, and filtering to obtain enrichment solution of Tl (I) and Hg (I);
5) adding bromide into the enrichment solution, and carrying out mixing reaction to obtain a mixed precipitate of thallium bromide and mercurous bromide;
6) and adding ethanol into the mixed precipitate until the thallium bromide is dissolved out, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid product mercurous bromide, and removing the ethanol from the liquid product to obtain the thallium bromide.
Preferably, in step 1) of the method, the bromine water has a mass percentage concentration of 3%.
Preferably, in the step 1) of the method, the wastewater is orange and needs to be kept for 8-12 min to be fadeless; further preferably, the wastewater is orange yellow and keeps the color of the wastewater unchanged for 10 min.
Further, thallium (Tl) is converted into thallium (Tl) in the wastewater by step 1)+) Oxidizing and forming trivalent thallium anions, and oxidizing monovalent mercury into divalent and forming mercury anions.
Preferably, in the step 2) of the method, the dosage ratio of the wastewater to the anion exchange resin is (100-160) mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
Preferably, in step 2) of the process, the anion exchange resin has a mesh size of-100 mesh to +150 mesh.
Preferably, in step 2) of this process, the anion exchange resin is pretreated before use: soaking the anion exchange resin in a sodium hydroxide solution with the volume amount of 3-5 times and the concentration of 0.5-2 mol/L for 30-60 min, and washing the anion exchange resin to be neutral by water; then, soaking the anion exchange resin for 30-60 min by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1-2 mol/L, which is 3-5 times of the volume of the anion exchange resin, to remove hydrochloric acid; further preferably, the pretreatment is: soaking the anion exchange resin for 40-60 min by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, wherein the volume of the sodium hydroxide solution is 4 times that of the anion exchange resin, and washing the anion exchange resin to be neutral by using water; and then soaking the anion exchange resin for 40-60 min by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1-2 mol/L, which is 4 times of the volume of the anion exchange resin, to remove hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, in step 2) of the method, the mixing is performed under stirring for 40min to 60 min.
Further, by the step 2), the anion exchange resin is caused to adsorb trivalent thallium complex anions, divalent mercury complex anions and hexavalent chromium anions in the wastewater.
Further, in step 2) of this process, the anion exchange resin is a strongly basic anion exchange resin, preferably an a600MB resin.
Preferably, in step 3) of this process, the ratio of the amount of resin to the amount of sodium chloride solution used is 1 g: (1-3) mL; further preferably, the dosage ratio of the resin to the sodium chloride solution is 1 g: 2 mL.
Preferably, in step 3) of the method, the mass concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 4-6%.
Preferably, in step 3) of the method, the mixing is performed under stirring for 30min to 40 min.
Preferably, in step 4) of the process, the ratio of the amount of resin to reducing agent solution used is 1 g: (1-3) mL; further preferably, the ratio of the amount of the resin to the reducing agent solution is 1 g: 2 mL.
Preferably, in step 4) of the method, the reducing agent solution is Na with a mass concentration of 1-2%2SO3And (3) solution.
Preferably, in step 4) of the method, the mixing is performed under stirring for 30min to 50 min.
Preferably, in step 5) of this method, bromide is added to the solution to a bromide ion concentration of 0.05mol/L to 0.08 mol/L.
Preferably, in step 5) of the method, the bromide is at least one of sodium bromide and potassium bromide.
Preferably, in step 5) of the method, after the mixing reaction, a precipitate is generated, the precipitate is filtered, collected and dried to obtain a mixed precipitate of thallium bromide and mercurous bromide.
Preferably, in step 6) of this process, the ethanol is removed from the liquid product by evaporation.
In the method, the acid wastewater in the smelting industry contains SO4 2-、Cl-The thallium complex anion formed in step 1) comprises TlBr4 -、TlBr5 2-、TlBr6 3-、TlCl4 -、Tl(SO4)2 -Isocomplex anions, the mercury complex anions including HgBr3 -、HgBr4 2-、HgCl3 -、HgCl4 2-Under acidic conditions, hexavalent chromium anions include CrO4 2-、HCrO4 -And Cr2O7 2-. Step 4) adding a reducing agent Na2SO3The purpose of (A) is to make Tl in the resin3+And Hg2+Reduction to Tl+And Hg2 2+(monovalent mercury) thereby destroying the complex anion, desorbing the thallium and mercury for elution.
The main reaction processes of the process according to the invention are briefly described below:
adding bromine water into thallium and mercury-containing acidic wastewater to ensure that Tl+Oxidation to form trivalent thallium anions.
Tl++ bromine water + chloride ion (acid wastewater) → trivalent thallium complex anion (1)
Hg2 2++ bromine water + chloride ion (acid wastewater) → divalent mercury complex anion (2)
② A600MB exchange and adsorb trivalent thallium, divalent mercury complex anions and hexavalent chromium anions.
resin-Cl-+ thallium/mercury/chromium complex anion → resin-thallium/mercury/chromium complex anion + Cl- (3)
And desorbing and eluting the resin to exchange and adsorb hexavalent chromium anions by using a NaCl solution.
Resin-hexavalent chromium anion + Cl-→ resin-Cl-+ hexavalent chromium anion (4)
Under neutral (acidic) conditions, the hexavalent chromium anion in formula (4) is mainly CrO4 2-。
Fourthly, using reducing agent Na2SO3Desorbing and eluting to remove Tl in the resin3+And Hg2+Reduction to Tl+And Hg2 2+(monovalent mercury) thereby destroying the complex anion, desorbing the thallium and mercury for elution.
Resin-thallium and Mercury Complex anions + SO3 2-→ resin-SO4 2-+Tl++Hg2 2+ (5)
Fifthly, rich in thallium (Tl)+) And mercury (Hg)2 2+) Adding bromide (such as potassium bromide) into the filtrate to generate mercurous bromide and thallium bromide precipitate, and separating by using the characteristic that thallium bromide is soluble in ethanol and mercurous bromide is insoluble in ethanol.
Tl++Hg2 2++Br-→TlBr↓+Hg2Br2↓ (6)
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts anion exchange resin to directly absorb and recover thallium, mercury and chromium under high acidity, and does not need alkali to neutralize acidity. The raw material used in the method is acid wastewater of a smelting plant, the adsorbing material added in the whole process is commercially available A600MB resin, the process is simple, and the recovery rate of thallium, mercury or chromium is high.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The starting materials used in the examples are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available from conventional sources. In the examples, the solvent is water unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The acid waste water used in this example was from a smelter with a thallium content of 40mg/L, a mercury content of 43mg/L, a hexavalent chromium content of 71mg/L and a pH of < 1.
1. Thallium, mercury and chromium recovery
(1) Taking 2L of wastewater containing thallium, mercury and chromic acid, filtering out insoluble substances, stirringUnder the condition of stirring, adding dropwise 3% bromine water until the wastewater solution is orange yellow and does not fade for 10min to make monovalent thallium (Tl) in the wastewater+) Sufficient oxidation to trivalent and form thallium complex anions and monovalent mercury to divalent and form mercury complex anions.
(2) Adding 12.5g of A600MB resin (commercially available Brand A600MB resin) with the granularity of-100 meshes to +150 meshes into the treated wastewater, stirring for 40min, adsorbing thallium complex anions, mercury complex anions and hexavalent chromium anions, filtering and collecting the resin; wherein, the A600MB resin used is pretreated by the following method: soaking the resin in 4 times of 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 40min, washing with water to neutrality, soaking the resin in 4 times of hydrochloric acid solution with concentration of 1mol/L for 40min, and filtering to remove hydrochloric acid.
(3) And (3) eluting the treated resin with 25mL of NaCl solution with the mass percentage concentration of 4% for 30min, and filtering to obtain the hexavalent chromium enrichment solution, wherein the mass concentration is 5.2g/L, the enrichment multiple is 73, and the recovery rate is 92%.
(4) Adding 25mL of Na with the mass percentage concentration of 1 percent into the resin after the treatment2SO3The solution was stirred for 30min for elution to form thallium (Tl)+) And mercury (Hg)2 2+) And (4) filtering and collecting the enrichment solution. Wherein, the mass concentration of thallium in the enrichment solution is 3.0g/L, the enrichment multiple is 75, and the recovery rate is 94%; the mass concentration of mercury is 3.2g/L, the enrichment factor is 74, and the recovery rate is 93%.
(5) Adding potassium bromide into the enrichment solution until the concentration of bromide ions in the filtrate is 0.05mol/L to generate mercurous bromide and thallium bromide precipitates, filtering, collecting the precipitates, and drying.
(6) Adding absolute ethyl alcohol until thallium bromide is dissolved out and separated to obtain mercurous bromide (Hg)2Br2)0.11 g. The ethanol solution containing thallium bromide was evaporated to obtain 0.10g of thallium bromide (TlBr).
2. The enrichment times and the recovery rates are calculated according to the following formulas:
example 2
The acid waste water used in this example was from a smelter with a thallium content of 52mg/L, a mercury content of 40mg/L, a hexavalent chromium content of 63mg/L and a pH of < 1.
1. Thallium, mercury and chromium recovery
(1) Taking 2L of wastewater containing thallium, mercury and chromic acid, filtering out insoluble substances, dripping bromine water with the mass percentage concentration of 3% under the condition of stirring until the wastewater solution presents orange yellow, and keeping the wastewater fadeless for 10min, so that univalent thallium (Tl) in the wastewater+) Sufficient oxidation to trivalent and form thallium complex anions and monovalent mercury to divalent and form mercury complex anions.
(2) Adding 15g of A600MB resin (commercially available Brand A600MB resin) with the granularity of-100 meshes to +150 meshes into the treated wastewater, stirring for 50min, adsorbing thallium complex anions and mercury complex anions, filtering and collecting the resin; wherein, the A600MB resin used is pretreated by the following method: soaking the resin in 4 times of 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 50min, washing with water to neutrality, soaking the resin in 4 times of hydrochloric acid solution with concentration of 1mol/L for 50min, and filtering to remove hydrochloric acid.
(3) And (3) eluting the treated resin with 30mL of NaCl solution with the mass percentage concentration of 5% for 40min, and filtering to obtain the hexavalent chromium enrichment solution, wherein the mass concentration is 3.8g/L, the enrichment multiple is 60, and the recovery rate is 90%.
(4) Adding 30ml of Na with the mass percentage concentration of 1.5 percent into the resin2SO3The solution was stirred for 40min for elution to form thallium (Tl)+) And mercury (Hg)2 2+) And (4) filtering and collecting the enrichment solution. Wherein, the mass concentration of thallium in the enrichment solution is 3.1g/L, the enrichment multiple is 60, and the recovery rate is 89%; the mass concentration of mercury is 2.4g/L, the enrichment multiple is 60, and the recovery rate is 90%.
(5) Adding potassium bromide into the enrichment solution until the concentration of bromide ions in the filtrate is 0.06mol/L to generate mercurous bromide and thallium bromide precipitates, filtering, collecting the precipitates, and drying.
(6) Adding absolute ethyl alcohol until thallium bromide is dissolved out and separated to obtain mercurous bromide (Hg)2Br2)0.10 g. The ethanol solution containing thallium bromide was evaporated to obtain 0.12g of thallium bromide (TlBr).
Example 3
The acid waste water used in this example was from a smelter with a thallium content of 65mg/L, a mercury content of 51mg/L, a hexavalent chromium content of 45mg/L and a pH of < 1.
1. Thallium and mercury recovery
(1) Taking 2L of wastewater containing thallium, mercury and chromic acid, filtering out insoluble substances, dripping bromine water with the mass percentage concentration of 3% under the condition of stirring until the wastewater solution presents orange yellow, and keeping the wastewater fadeless for 10min, so that univalent thallium (Tl) in the wastewater+) Sufficient oxidation to trivalent and form thallium complex anions and monovalent mercury to divalent and form mercury complex anions.
(2) Adding 20g of A600MB resin (commercially available Brane A600MB resin) with the granularity of-100 meshes to +150 meshes into the treated wastewater, stirring for 60min, adsorbing thallium complex anions and mercury complex anions, filtering and collecting the resin; wherein, the A600MB resin used is pretreated by the following method: soaking the resin in 4 times of 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 60min, washing with water to neutrality, soaking the resin in 4 times of hydrochloric acid solution with concentration of 1mol/L for 60min, and filtering to remove hydrochloric acid.
(3) And (3) eluting the treated resin with 40mL of NaCl solution with the mass percentage concentration of 6% for 40min, and filtering to obtain the hexavalent chromium enrichment solution, wherein the mass concentration is 2.1g/L, the enrichment multiple is 47, and the recovery rate is 93%.
(4) Adding 40mL of Na with the mass percentage concentration of 2 percent into the resin2SO3The solution was stirred for 50min for elution to form thallium (Tl)+) And mercury (Hg)2 2+) And (4) filtering and collecting the enrichment solution. Wherein, the mass concentration of thallium in the enrichment solution is 3.0g/L, the enrichment multiple is 46, and the recovery rate is 92%; the mass concentration of mercury is 2.3g/L, the enrichment factor is 45, and the recovery rate is 90%.
(5) And adding sodium bromide into the enrichment solution until the concentration of bromide ions in the filtrate is 0.08mol/L to generate mercurous bromide and thallium bromide precipitates, filtering, collecting the precipitates, and drying.
(6) Adding absolute ethyl alcohol until thallium bromide is dissolved out and separated to obtain mercurous bromide (Hg)2Br2)0.12 g. The ethanol solution containing thallium bromide was evaporated to obtain 0.16g of thallium bromide (TlBr).
Claims (8)
1. A method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from smelting acidic wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) adding bromine water into wastewater containing thallium, mercury and chromic acid in a smelting plant, and mixing and reacting until the wastewater is orange yellow to obtain wastewater containing trivalent thallium complex anions, divalent mercury complex anions and hexavalent chromium anions;
2) mixing the wastewater treated in the step 1) with anion exchange resin, performing adsorption treatment, filtering and collecting the resin;
3) mixing the resin obtained in the step 2) with a sodium chloride solution, carrying out elution treatment, and filtering to obtain an eluent which is a hexavalent chromium enrichment solution;
4) mixing the resin treated in the step 3) with a reducing agent solution, carrying out elution treatment, and filtering to obtain enrichment solution of Tl (I) and Hg (I);
5) adding bromide into the enrichment solution, and carrying out mixing reaction to obtain a mixed precipitate of thallium bromide and mercurous bromide;
6) adding ethanol into the mixed precipitate until thallium bromide is dissolved out, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain solid product mercurous bromide, and removing ethanol from the liquid product to obtain thallium bromide;
in the step 2), the anion exchange resin is A600MB resin;
in the step 2), the dosage ratio of the wastewater to the anion exchange resin is (100-160) mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
2. The method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from acid smelting wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the wastewater is orange and needs to be kept for 8-12 min to be fadeless.
3. The method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from acid smelting wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 2), the anion exchange resin is pretreated before use: soaking the anion exchange resin in a sodium hydroxide solution with the volume amount of 3-5 times and the concentration of 0.5-2 mol/L for 30-60 min, and washing the anion exchange resin to be neutral by water; then, hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1-2 mol/L and the volume amount of 3-5 times of that of the anion exchange resin is used for soaking the anion exchange resin for 30-60 min to remove the hydrochloric acid.
4. The method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from acid smelting wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the dosage ratio of the resin to the sodium chloride solution is 1 g: (1-3) mL; the mass concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 4-6%.
5. The method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from acid smelting wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the dosage ratio of the resin to the reducing agent solution is 1 g: (1-3) mL; the reducing agent solution is Na with the mass concentration of 1 to 2 percent2SO3And (3) solution.
6. The method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from acid smelting wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), bromide is added to the solution until the concentration of bromide ions in the solution is 0.05-0.08 mol/L.
7. The method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from acid smelting wastewater as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein: in the step 5), the bromide is at least one of sodium bromide and potassium bromide.
8. The method for recovering thallium, mercury and chromium from acid smelting wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 6), the ethanol in the liquid product is removed by evaporation.
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