CN109799531B - Fracture reservoir prediction method based on seismic frequency division coherence attribute - Google Patents
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Abstract
A fracture reservoir prediction method based on seismic frequency division coherence attributes belongs to the field of oil and gas geophysical reservoir prediction and aims to provide a fracture reservoir analysis technology capable of accurately identifying fractures of different scales and predicting distribution rules. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, extracting frequency division coherence attributes of different frequencies of a target layer and performing enhancement processing; calculating the average value and variance of 4 vertexes of each grid according to the frequency division coherent attribute data of the target layer after the gridding processing; thirdly, counting the range of the variance value, taking the median of the range, counting the average value of all grids corresponding to the range, setting the threshold values for dividing the seam units and the non-seam units according to the counting result, and quickly and effectively obtaining the distribution condition of the cracks; fourthly, for the grids which are seam units in the frequency division coherent attribute data of two target positions with different frequencies, the average value of the vertexes of the nearest non-seam units is given to the 4 vertexes of the grid in higher frequency, and the part of the crack prediction result of the higher frequency, which is overlapped with the crack prediction result of the lower frequency, can be effectively removed; fifthly, the frequency division coherence attribute data of different frequencies of the target layer position processed by the steps are utilized to realize the prediction of the fractured reservoir through plane mapping. The method is based on the target horizon frequency division coherence attribute data, divides the seam units and the non-seam units, compares the distribution conditions of the seam units in different frequency data, removes the overlapped parts, and completes the accurate identification of the different-scale seams and the accurate prediction of the distribution rule.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fractured reservoir prediction problem in the field of oil and gas geophysical, in particular to a fractured reservoir prediction method based on post-stack three-dimensional seismic attribute analysis, which is used for providing a fractured reservoir prediction analysis technology for accurately identifying fractures with different scales and predicting distribution rules.
Background
The post-stack three-dimensional seismic attribute analysis is an important method for identifying and predicting cracks, and the cracks are detected by using the seismic attributes mainly according to the discontinuity of seismic waveforms, such as coherent bodies, curvature, dip angles and the like. Because the cracks have multi-scale property, how to accurately represent different cracks, and how to identify and predict the distribution rules of the cracks with different scales are always the key and difficult points of research. Many scholars at home and abroad propose some technologies and methods, such as Zhang Guangzhi (2011) which takes Curvelet transformation as a basis, gives different reconstruction coefficients in a Curvelet domain to obtain seismic data volumes which highlight different frequency bands and different directions, and then predicts fracture and crack development zones and trends thereof by combining a coherent body edge detection technology; guo Rui et al (2014) propose a fracture analysis method based on high frequency recovery and multi-scale decomposition, widen the frequency band of three-dimensional seismic data, decompose seismic channels into data volumes corresponding to different scales (corresponding to the reconstruction wavelet dominant frequency), analyze fractures by applying coherence and curvature attributes, and depict formation fracture development behaviors and distribution characteristics under different scales; wupeng et al (2011) utilize the coherent attribute technique of wavelet frequency division to interpret the features of high-precision cracks and geologic bodies. The method mainly comprises the steps of carrying out multi-scale decomposition on the post-stack three-dimensional seismic data, and then, combining a post-stack three-dimensional seismic attribute analysis technology related to cracks, identifying the cracks with different scales and predicting the distribution rule. However, the above methods have a problem: the crack prediction is carried out on the basis of the post-stack three-dimensional seismic data with different decomposition scales, and the obtained results have overlapped parts, so that the recognition of the cracks with different scales and the prediction of the distribution rule are inaccurate. Therefore, the method is based on the post-stack three-dimensional seismic attribute analysis technology, and the cracks with different scales and the prediction distribution rule are accurately identified on the basis of the fact that the cracks have the same distribution characteristics in the crack prediction results of the seismic data based on different decomposition scales.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fracture reservoir prediction analysis technology based on seismic frequency division coherence attributes, which effectively solves the problems of accurately identifying and predicting distribution rules of fractures with different scales. Processing and analyzing the seismic data by adopting a frequency division interpretation technology and extracting frequency division attributes; obtaining frequency division coherence attribute bodies with different frequencies by combining with a seismic coherence attribute analysis technology; extracting frequency division coherence attributes of different frequencies of a target horizon by using the interpreted seismic horizon; gridding the frequency division coherence attribute of the target layer, statistically analyzing the peak average value and variance of all grids, and dividing the grid attribute according to the statistical analysis result; comparing the distribution conditions of the seam unit grids in the data of different frequencies of the target layer, finding out the overlapped part, namely, all seam units in the data of different frequencies of a certain grid, and processing the grid in the data of higher frequency; and predicting the fractured reservoir based on the frequency division coherence property of different frequencies of the processed target layer.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, time-frequency analysis based on continuous wavelet transformation is carried out on the three-dimensional seismic data after stacking, an effective seismic frequency band range is analyzed and found out, and a series of single-frequency data bodies with different frequencies are generated in the range by utilizing a frequency domain filtering technology.
(2) On the obtained single-frequency data body, performing coherent attribute extraction by adopting a third generation coherent algorithm to obtain frequency division coherent attribute bodies with different frequencies;
(3) enhancing the frequency division coherence attribute bodies with different frequencies;
(4) extracting frequency division coherence attributes of corresponding horizons aiming at specific target horizons on the frequency division coherence attribute body processed in the step (3) by utilizing the interpreted seismic horizons;
(5) gridding the frequency division coherence attribute data of the target horizon, and calculating the average value and variance of 4 vertexes of each grid; counting the variances of the vertexes of all the grids to obtain the distribution range of the vertexes; taking a median value of the variance distribution range, finding out all grids with the variance as the median value, counting the peak average values of the grids, setting a threshold value according to the counting result, and when the peak average value of the grids is larger than the threshold value, determining the grids as seam units, otherwise, determining the grids as non-seam units;
(6) and comparing the distribution of seam units and non-seam units of the frequency division coherent attribute data of the target layer positions with two different frequencies, and assigning values to 4 vertexes of the grid in a higher frequency when the grid is in the seam units in the results of the two frequencies, wherein the assigned value is the average value of the vertexes of the non-seam units nearest to the grid.
(7) And performing crack prediction by using the frequency division coherence property of different frequencies of the processed target layer.
The invention relates to a fracture reservoir prediction method based on seismic frequency division coherence attributes, which has the following characteristics that:
(1) calculating the average value and variance of 4 vertexes of each grid for the gridded seismic frequency division coherence attribute data of the target horizon, counting the range of variance values, taking the median of the range, counting the average values of all grids corresponding to the median, setting the threshold values of a seam dividing unit and a non-seam dividing unit according to the counting result, and quickly and effectively obtaining the distribution condition of the cracks;
(2) the method comprises the steps of assigning values to 4 vertexes of a grid which is a seam unit in frequency division coherent attribute data of two target positions with different frequencies, wherein the 4 vertexes of the grid are assigned to be the average value of the vertexes of non-seam units closest to the grid, so that the part, which is overlapped with a crack prediction result based on a lower frequency seismic frequency division coherent attribute, in a crack prediction result based on the higher frequency seismic frequency division coherent attribute can be effectively removed, and the problems of inaccurate prediction of identification and distribution rules of cracks with different scales are solved
Detailed Description
A fracture reservoir prediction method based on seismic frequency division coherence attributes comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) extracting target horizon frequency division coherence attributes
Step 1: wavelet frequency division attribute extraction:
firstly, performing time-frequency analysis on seismic data by adopting continuous wavelet transform with Morlet wavelet as wavelet, and transforming a seismic data body from a time domain to a frequency domain;
calculating the frequency spectrum of all time points of each seismic channel, and rearranging according to the frequency to generate common-frequency seismic data;
step 2: calculating the single-frequency seismic data with different frequencies obtained in the step 1 by adopting a third generation coherence algorithm to obtain coherence attribute bodies of the single-frequency seismic data bodies with different frequencies;
and step 3: carrying out enhancement processing on the coherent attribute bodies with different frequencies obtained by calculation in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: extracting the frequency division coherence attribute of the corresponding horizon aiming at the specific target horizon on the frequency division coherence attribute body processed in the step 4 by utilizing the interpreted seismic horizon;
(2) crack prediction based on target horizon frequency division coherence attribute
Step 1: analyzing the distribution characteristics of cracks in the frequency division coherence attribute data of different frequencies of the target layer:
gridding frequency division coherent attribute data of different frequencies of a target horizon, and calculating the average value and variance of 4 vertexes of each grid;
secondly, counting the variances of the vertexes of all the grids to obtain the distribution range of the vertexes; taking the median of variance distribution range, finding out all the grids with variance as the median, making statistics on the peak average of the grids, and making statistics on the result
Setting a threshold, and when the peak average value of the grid is greater than the threshold, determining the grid as a seam unit, otherwise, determining the grid as a non-seam unit, and obtaining the distribution characteristics of the cracks in the frequency division coherence attribute data of different frequencies of the target layer;
step 2: and comparing the distribution of seam units and non-seam units of the frequency division coherent attribute data of two different frequencies of the target layer, and when the grid is both seam units in the two frequency results, assigning values to 4 vertexes of the grid in higher frequency, wherein the assigned value is the average value of the vertexes of the non-seam units closest to the grid of the unit. The distance between the center points of any two grids is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: a. b is the vertical line number and the contact line number of the lower right vertex of the 1 st grid, i and j are the vertical line number and the contact line number of the lower right vertex of the 2 nd grid, delta x is the vertical line interval and delta y is the contact line interval.
And step 3: and obtaining the graphic effect of the crack prediction by utilizing the processed frequency division coherence attribute data of different frequencies of the target layer through planar mapping, thereby realizing the prediction of the crack reservoir.
Claims (1)
1. A fracture reservoir prediction method based on seismic frequency division coherence attributes is characterized by adopting a brand-new method, such as the following steps:
(1) taking the three-dimensional seismic data after stacking as a research object, performing time-frequency analysis on the seismic data by adopting continuous wavelet transform with wavelet being Morlet wavelet, transforming the seismic data from a time domain to a frequency domain, generating a series of single-frequency data bodies with different frequencies by using a frequency domain filtering technology, and obtaining seismic frequency division coherence attribute bodies with different frequencies by adopting a third generation coherence algorithm;
(2) enhancing the seismic frequency division coherence attribute bodies with different frequencies, and extracting the frequency division coherence attribute of the corresponding layer by using the interpreted seismic layer;
(3) performing gridding processing on the frequency division coherence attribute data of the target layer, calculating the average value and variance of 4 vertexes of each grid, counting the variances of the vertexes of all the grids to obtain the distribution range of the grids, taking the median of the range, finding out the grids with the variance as the value, counting the vertex average values of the grids, setting a threshold value according to the counting result, and when the vertex average value of the grids is greater than the threshold value, determining the grids as a seam unit, otherwise, determining the grids as a non-seam unit;
(4) comparing the distribution of seam units and non-seam units of target horizon frequency division coherent attribute data with two different frequencies, when the grid is seam units in the results of the two frequencies, assigning values to 4 vertexes of the grid in the higher frequency, wherein the assigned value is the average value of the vertexes of the non-seam units nearest to the grid, and calculating the distance between the central points of any two grids by adopting a formula (1)
In the formula: a. b is the longitudinal survey line number and the contact survey line number of the lower right vertex of the 1 st grid respectively, i and j are the longitudinal survey line number and the contact survey line number of the lower right vertex of the 2 nd grid respectively, Δ x is the longitudinal survey line interval, and Δ y is the contact survey line interval;
(5) and performing crack prediction by using the frequency division coherence property of different frequencies of the processed target layer.
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| CN112649863A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Frequency division seismic attribute data optimization method and system |
| CN111239817B (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2022-04-01 | 成都理工大学 | Method for improving fault likelihood attribute analysis precision |
| CN111399056B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-12-08 | 西南石油大学 | Method for predicting crack strength based on divided azimuth filtering |
| CN114252914A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining distribution of fracture system |
| CN112415586B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2023-10-03 | 北京孚梅森石油科技有限公司 | Slurry leakage risk assessment method and device |
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