CN109798582B - Heat pump heating system capable of deeply recovering waste heat of dead steam - Google Patents
Heat pump heating system capable of deeply recovering waste heat of dead steam Download PDFInfo
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- CN109798582B CN109798582B CN201910106461.XA CN201910106461A CN109798582B CN 109798582 B CN109798582 B CN 109798582B CN 201910106461 A CN201910106461 A CN 201910106461A CN 109798582 B CN109798582 B CN 109798582B
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Abstract
A heat pump heating system for deep exhaust steam waste heat recovery comprises an absorber, a generator, a condenser, a first jet heat pump and a heat supply network loop; the absorber is externally connected with a steam turbine steam exhaust pipeline; the liquid outlet of the absorber is communicated with the generator pipeline; a first heater and a condenser are arranged in the generator, and the first heater heats the solution in the generator; the generator liquid outlet is communicated with the absorber pipeline; the heat supply network pipeline sequentially passes through the absorber and the condenser in the generator and then is output; the steam extraction of the steam turbine is connected with a high-pressure steam inlet of a first ejector, a low-pressure steam inlet of a first jet heat pump is connected with a steam outlet at the upper part of the generator, and a medium-pressure steam outlet of the first jet heat pump is connected with a first heater inlet of the generator; the heat pump system can operate efficiently and safely in a wide load range of the unit, and the driving energy of the heat pump is improved, so that more waste steam and waste heat can be recovered, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power plant exhaust steam waste heat recovery and energy conservation, and particularly relates to a heat pump heating system for deep exhaust steam waste heat recovery.
Background
The method has important significance for improving the energy utilization efficiency of China and reducing the environmental pollution by efficiently recycling the waste steam and the waste heat of the steam turbine of the thermal power generating unit. The adoption of the steam type lithium bromide absorption heat pump for recovering the waste heat of the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is an effective means for recovering and utilizing the waste heat. In view of the fact that thermal power generating units frequently participate in peak shaving and operate in a wide load interval for a long time in China at present, the steam extraction pressure used as a driving heat source of the absorption heat pump can also change within a certain range. In order to ensure that the heat pump system can normally operate under the low load of the unit, the designed driving steam pressure is smaller than the extraction pressure under the rated load. For the steam type lithium bromide absorption heat pump, the performance of the steam type lithium bromide absorption heat pump is slightly influenced by the pressure of a driving heat source, and when the steam pressure is too high, the generator can generate the problems of scaling, corrosion and the like, and the safe operation of the system is influenced. In addition, the existing absorption heat pump system adopts an indirect utilization scheme when the waste steam waste heat of the steam turbine is recovered, the waste steam heat is firstly transferred to circulating water, and the heat pump takes the circulating water as a low-temperature heat source. The scheme increases the system investment and the operation cost, reduces the quality of the low-temperature heat source and influences the performance of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heat pump heating system for deeply recovering waste heat of dead steam, which can recover more waste heat of the dead steam and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
A heat pump heating system for deep exhaust steam waste heat recovery comprises an absorber, a generator, a condenser, a first jet heat pump and a heat supply network loop; it is characterized in that the absorber is externally connected with a steam turbine exhaust pipeline; the liquid outlet of the absorber is communicated with the generator pipeline; a first heater and a condenser are arranged in the generator, and the first heater heats the solution in the generator; the generator liquid outlet is communicated with the absorber pipeline; the absorber is also externally connected with a heat supply network pipeline, and the heat supply network pipeline sequentially passes through the absorber and the condenser in the generator and then is output; a first heater in the generator is connected with driving steam as a heating source; the steam extraction of the steam turbine is connected with a high-pressure steam inlet of the first jet heat pump, a low-pressure steam inlet of the first jet heat pump is connected with a steam outlet at the upper part of the generator, and a medium-pressure steam outlet of the first jet heat pump is connected with a first heater inlet of the generator.
The invention greatly simplifies the heat pump system and reduces the system investment by canceling two links of heat exchange between exhaust steam and circulating water and heat release of the circulating water in the evaporator of the heat pump; because two intermediate heat exchange processes are omitted, the irreversible loss of the system is reduced, the work of a circulating water pump can be saved, and the system performance is greatly improved.
The heat pump system directly absorbs the low-temperature exhaust steam, so that an evaporator link in the traditional heat pump system is omitted, and the investment and the operation cost of the heat pump system are reduced;
the double-injection heat pump structure introduced by the invention enables a heat pump system to efficiently and safely operate in a unit wide load range on one hand, and improves the driving energy of the heat pump on the other hand, so that more waste steam waste heat can be recovered, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved;
because the exhaust steam is directly introduced into the heat pump system, a condenser link is omitted, and the water outlet temperature of a heat supply network can be increased for the waste heat recovery of a direct air-cooling thermal power generating unit; and the power generation coal consumption rate can be reduced for the recovery of the exhaust waste heat of the wet-cold thermal power generating unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ejector heat pump;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first jet heat pump connection of a heat pump heating system for deep exhaust steam waste heat recovery;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second jet heat pump connection of a heat pump heating system with deep exhaust steam waste heat recovery;
the system comprises an absorber 1, a generator 2, a condenser 3, a jet heat pump 4A, a jet heat pump 4B, a liquid remover 5, a desalter 6, a vacuum pump 7, a solution pump 8, a solution heat exchanger 9, a valve 10, a peak heater 11, a valve 12, a boiler 13, a steam turbine 14, a generator 15, a steam turbine extraction port 16, a condenser 17, a condensate pump 18, a regenerative system 19 and a valve 20
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying fig. 1-3, it being understood that the description herein is illustrative and explanatory only and is not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The jet heat pump is a safe and reliable energy-saving device with simple structure and no mechanical moving parts, and is widely applied to various fields. Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a ejector heat pump comprising a high-pressure steam inlet at the front end, a low-pressure steam inlet at the side and a medium-pressure steam outlet at the end; the high-pressure steam inlet is internally provided with a nozzle, the low-pressure steam inlet is positioned on the side surface of the nozzle, the high-pressure steam and the low-pressure steam enter the mixing cavity to be mixed to form medium-pressure steam, and finally the medium-pressure steam is output from a medium-pressure steam outlet positioned at the tail end. High-pressure steam is introduced from a high-pressure steam inlet to serve as power steam, the power steam is expanded through a nozzle to form high-speed steam flow, the pressure is reduced to form a low-pressure area, low-pressure steam is sucked to a mixing cavity through the low-pressure steam inlet, the speed and the pressure are reduced after mixing, medium-pressure steam with the pressure between the high-pressure steam and the low-pressure steam is formed, and the medium-pressure steam is discharged through a medium-pressure steam outlet.
As shown in fig. 2, the steam turbine exhaust waste heat recovery system of the coupled steam type jet-exhaust steam direct absorption type composite heat pump provided by the invention is composed of an absorber 1, a generator 2, a condenser 3, a jet type heat pump 4A, a liquid remover 5, a desalter 6, a vacuum pump 7, a solution pump 8, a solution heat exchanger 9, a valve 10, a peak heater 11, a valve 12, a boiler 13, a steam turbine 14, a generator 15, a steam turbine extraction port 16, a condenser 17, a condensate pump 18, a regenerative system 19, a valve 20 and the like.
The absorber 1 is externally connected with a steam turbine exhaust pipeline, and the steam turbine exhaust directly enters the absorber 1; the gas outlet of the absorber 1 is communicated with a non-condensable gas pipeline provided with a vacuum pump 7, and the liquid outlet of the absorber 1 is communicated with the generator 2 internally provided with the condenser 3 through a solution pump 8 and a solution heat exchanger 9 on a dilute solution pipeline in sequence; a heater is arranged in the generator 2 and heats the solution in the generator 2; the concentrated solution which is formed in the generator 2 after being heated by the heating pipeline is communicated with the other inlet of the solution heat exchanger 9 through the outlet of the generator, and is introduced into the absorber 1 after passing through the solution heat exchanger 9; the absorber 1 is also externally connected with a heat supply network pipeline, the heat supply network pipeline sequentially passes through the absorber 1 and the condenser 3 in the generator 2 and then is output, a liquid outlet of the condenser 3 is communicated with a steam condensation water pipeline for outputting hydrophobic water, and a desalter 6 is arranged on the steam condensation water pipeline. Wherein, the solution is a lithium bromide solution, the concentration of the lithium bromide solution in the generator 2 is greater than that of the lithium bromide solution in the absorber 1, and the temperature of the lithium bromide solution in the generator 2 is higher than that of the lithium bromide solution in the absorber 1.
The return water of the heat supply network sequentially passes through the absorber 1, the condenser 3 and the peak heater 11 to become the water supply of the heat supply network and supply heat to the outside. The extracted steam of the steam turbine is introduced into the shell side of the peak heater 11, and a bypass is arranged on the pipeline of the peak heater and is provided with a valve.
Wherein, a liquid remover 5 for separating and recovering liquid drops in steam is arranged in the generator 2, and the liquid remover 5 is positioned between the liquid level of the lithium bromide solution in the generator 2 and the condenser 3.
The heater a in the generator 2 is connected with driving steam as a heating heat source, and the driving steam comes from a medium-pressure steam outlet of the jet heat pump 4A: the extracted steam of the steam turbine enters from a high-pressure steam inlet of the jet type heat pump 4A, a low-pressure steam inlet of the jet type heat pump 4A is connected with a steam outlet at the upper part of the generator 2, and a medium-pressure steam outlet of the jet type heat pump 4A is connected with a heater inlet of the generator 2; the condenser 3 is arranged in the generator 2, and a condenser steam condensation water pipeline is connected to the condenser 3; the outlet of the heating pipeline at the bottom of the generator 2 is connected with a driving steam drain pipeline, the driving steam drain pipeline is converged with a condenser steam condensation water pipeline, and the drain water is sent into a steam turbine set condenser or a deaerator through a desalter 6 to start new circulation. The heater adopts a heating pipeline, and the heating pipeline arranged in the generator is in a shape of snake shape or ring shape and the like.
In order to fully recover the exhaust waste heat, another jet heat pump 4B and a corresponding heater B can be additionally arranged in the system, and the two jet heat pumps and the corresponding heaters are arranged in the system at the same time. As shown in fig. 3, the extracted steam of the steam turbine enters from the high-pressure steam inlet of another injection heat pump 4B, the low-pressure steam inlet of the injection heat pump 4B is connected with the low-temperature exhaust steam of the steam turbine, and the medium-pressure steam outlet of the injection heat pump 4B is connected with the heater B inlet of the generator 2; partial low-temperature exhaust steam is used as a heating source of the heat pump generator after the quality is improved through the jet type heat pump, so that the heat energy in the low-temperature exhaust steam can be further fully recycled. The two jet heat pumps can be arranged in the system at the same time and work in coordination with each other.
In order to realize the efficient operation of the system in the range of the unit under wide load and wide environmental conditions, valves are arranged on the steam pipelines to be injected of the two jet heat pumps, a bypass is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the jet heat pump, and the valves are arranged, so that the cut-off operation of the jet heat pump under certain conditions is realized. And a bypass is arranged on the peak heater pipeline, and a valve is arranged, so that the peak heater can be cut off under a certain condition.
The working principle of the system is as follows:
the low-temperature exhaust steam enters the absorber 1 and is absorbed by the concentrated lithium bromide solution in the absorber 1, and heat generated in the absorption process is supplied to the outside through heat supply network water; the concentrated lithium bromide solution absorbs low-temperature exhaust steam and then becomes a dilute lithium bromide solution, the dilute lithium bromide solution is pressurized by a solution pump 8 and heated by a solution heat exchanger 9 and then enters a generator 2, the generator is heated by driving steam to release steam to form a concentrated lithium bromide solution, and the concentrated lithium bromide solution is cooled by a solution heat exchanger 4 and then enters an absorber 1 to form heat pump circulation. A part of steam (called injected steam) generated by the generator 2 is used as low-pressure gas of the injection type heat pump 4A, and is mixed with high-pressure incoming steam through the injection type heat pump 4A to be used as driving steam of the generator 2; another part of the steam generated by the generator 2 heats the heat supply network water in the condenser 3, and the heat is supplied out through the heat supply network water. The driving steam hydrophobic formed by the generator 2 and the steam condensed water formed in the condenser 3 are merged and then sent to the steam turbine set condenser, and a new cycle is started. The return water of the heat supply network sequentially passes through the absorber 1, the condenser 3 and the peak heater 11 to become the water supply of the heat supply network and supply heat to the outside. In order to realize the efficient operation of the system in the range of the unit wide load and wide environmental condition, a valve 10 is arranged on an injected steam pipeline of the jet heat pump, a bypass is arranged between an inlet and an outlet of the jet heat pump and is provided with a valve 20, a bypass is arranged on a peak heater pipeline and is provided with a valve 12, and the cutting-off operation of the jet heat pump and the peak heater under certain conditions is respectively realized.
Because the exhaust steam of the steam turbine may contain non-condensable gas, a vacuum pump 7 is arranged on the absorber 1 to ensure the vacuum degree of the system; in order to reduce the loss of the lithium bromide solution and ensure the normal operation of the ejector heat pump system, a liquid remover 5 is arranged in the generator 2 to separate and recover the liquid drops in the steam, considering that the steam generated by the generator may carry some liquid drops of the lithium bromide solution.
In order to make the steam condensation hydrophobic formed by the condenser 3 and the driving steam hydrophobic formed by the generator 2 meet the requirements of industrial production, the hydrophobic pipeline is provided with a desalter 6.
When the unit is in a low-load working condition, in the initial cold heating period, a part of steam generated by the jet type heat pump 4A suction generator 2 is used as a heating heat source of the heat pump generator, the jet type heat pump 4A is put into operation, and the jet type heat pump 4B is cut off to stop operation; in the heating deep cold period, low-temperature exhaust steam pumped by the jet type heat pump 4B is additionally used as a second heating source of the heat pump generator, and the jet type heat pumps 4A and 4B are put into operation at the same time; and when the heat supply is in a peak, the peak heater is put into operation.
When the unit is in a high-load working condition, in the initial cold heating period, the bypass of the jet heat pump 4A is opened, the steam extraction of the steam turbine is used as a heating heat source of the heat pump generator, and the jet heat pumps 4A and 4B are cut off to stop running; in the heating deep cold period, low-temperature exhaust steam pumped by the jet type heat pump 4B is additionally used as a second heating source of the heat pump generator, and the jet type heat pump 4B is put into operation; and when the heat supply is in a peak, the peak heater is put into operation.
The two jet heat pumps are mutually standby, so that the work switching is realized, the heat supply safety can be improved, and the heat supply accident is avoided. When the jet heat pump 4A has a fault, the jet heat pump 4A is cut off and stops running, and the jet heat pump 4B works independently to guarantee heat supply running. When the jet heat pump 4B has a fault, the jet heat pump 4B is cut off and stops running, and the jet heat pump 4A works independently to guarantee heat supply running.
Compared with the conventional lithium bromide absorption type heat pump steam turbine exhaust steam waste heat recovery system, the steam turbine exhaust steam deep waste heat recovery system of the coupled steam type injection-exhaust steam direct absorption type composite heat pump provided by the invention has the advantages that on one hand, an evaporator is omitted, the system is simplified, the investment is reduced, the system performance is improved, and the operation cost is reduced; on the other hand, the system can efficiently operate in the range of the unit under wide load and wide environmental conditions.
The invention is not only suitable for the wet cooling unit, but also suitable for the air cooling unit.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the above embodiments, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A double-injection type heat pump heating system suitable for a unit wide load interval and wide environmental conditions comprises an absorber, a generator, a condenser, a first injection type heat pump and a heat supply network loop; the absorber is externally connected with a steam turbine steam exhaust pipeline; the liquid outlet of the absorber is communicated with the generator pipeline; a first heater and a condenser are arranged in the generator, and the first heater heats the solution in the generator; the generator liquid outlet is communicated with the absorber pipeline; the absorber is also externally connected with a heat supply network pipeline, and the heat supply network pipeline sequentially passes through the absorber and the condenser in the generator and then is output; a first heater in the generator is connected with driving steam as a heating source; the steam extraction of the steam turbine is connected with a high-pressure steam inlet of a first jet heat pump, a low-pressure steam inlet of the first jet heat pump is connected with a steam outlet at the upper part of the generator, and a medium-pressure steam outlet of the first jet heat pump is connected with a first heater inlet of the generator;
the system is characterized by also comprising a second jet heat pump and a second heater; the second heater is arranged in the generator and is used for heating the solution in the generator; a second heater in the generator is connected with driving steam as a heating source; the steam extraction of the steam turbine is connected with a high-pressure steam inlet of a second jet heat pump, a low-pressure steam inlet of the second jet heat pump is connected with a steam turbine steam exhaust pipeline, and a medium-pressure steam outlet of the second jet heat pump is connected with a second heater inlet of the generator;
the heat supply network pipeline sequentially passes through the absorber, the condenser in the generator and the peak heater and then is output, and the steam extraction of the steam turbine is connected with the shell side of the peak heater; when the heat supply is in a peak, a peak heater is put into operation;
installing a valve on an injected steam pipeline of each injection type heat pump, arranging a bypass between an inlet and an outlet of the injection type heat pump and installing the valve, arranging a bypass on a pipeline of the peak heater and installing the valve, and respectively cutting off the two injection type heat pumps and the peak heater to operate under certain conditions;
when the unit is in a low-load working condition, in the initial cold heating period, a part of steam generated by the first jet type heat pump suction generator is used as a first heating heat source of the heat pump generator, the first jet type heat pump is put into operation, and the second jet type heat pump is cut off and stops operating; in the heating deep cold period, the low-temperature exhaust steam of the pumping part of the second jet type heat pump is additionally utilized as a second heating source of the heat pump generator, and the two jet type heat pumps are simultaneously put into operation;
when the unit is in a high-load working condition, in the initial cold heating period, the first jet type heat pump bypass is opened, the steam extraction of the steam turbine is directly used as a first heating heat source of the heat pump generator, and the two jet type heat pumps are cut off and stop running; in the heating deep cold period, the low-temperature exhaust steam of the pumping part of the second jet type heat pump is additionally utilized as a second heating source of the heat pump generator, and the second jet type heat pump is put into operation;
the two jet heat pumps are mutually standby to realize work switching; when the first jet heat pump fails, the first jet heat pump is cut off and stops running, and the second jet heat pump works independently to guarantee heat supply running; when the second jet heat pump is in fault, the second jet heat pump is cut off and stops running, and the first jet heat pump works alone to guarantee heat supply running.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the condenser is disposed in the generator, and a condenser steam condensation water pipeline is connected to the condenser; the heater exit linkage drive steam drain pipe way of generator bottom, drive steam drain pipe way and condenser steam condensate water pipeline join, send into turbine unit condenser or oxygen-eliminating device through the demineralizer with drainage.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the heater is a heating circuit, and the heating circuit disposed in the generator is serpentine or circular.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid outlet of the absorber is connected to the generator through a solution heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the generator is connected to the other inlet of the solution heat exchanger and passes through the solution heat exchanger before entering the absorber.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein a vacuum pump is disposed on the absorber, and a liquid separator is disposed in the generator to separate and recover liquid droplets in the vapor.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110748873B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-16 | 河南理工大学 | Exhaust steam heat regeneration system of power plant |
| CN113623707A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-09 | 西安交通大学 | Multi-heat-source driving injection-absorption composite heat pump system and working method thereof |
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| CN106989429A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-07-28 | 程琛 | Exhaust steam of electric power plant waste heat recovery heating system |
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| DE2912113A1 (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1979-10-04 | Gen Electric | PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR DRAINING AND REHEATING OF STEAM |
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