CN109798450B - Carbon quantum dot tracing multi-water-source-point leakage detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a leakage detection method of a carbon quantum dot tracing multi-water source dot, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing two carbon quantum dots with larger difference of emission wavelengths, and measuring the respective emission wavelengths and the emission wavelengths of mixed liquid of the two carbon quantum dots in different proportions by using the same excitation wavelength; under the condition that the water seepage position is determined to have no fluorescence source interference, carbon points in different steps are respectively doped into two water source points which are likely to leak, after a certain time, sampling is carried out at the water seepage position, emission wavelength detection is carried out by adopting the same excitation wavelength so as to judge whether each water source point is a water seepage source, and the process is repeated until all the water source points which are likely to leak are completely detected. The carbon quantum dots have the advantages of stable fluorescence characteristic, small molecular weight and small particle size, are applied to engineering leakage detection, detect a plurality of water source points which are likely to leak, have good stability, reduce the time period of detection and have high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering leakage detection, in particular to a leakage detection method for tracing multiple water source points by using carbon quantum points, which can solve the problem of water seepage in hydrogeology and engineering geology, such as seepage field measurement; similarly, the leakage detection device can be conveniently used in the water seepage problem of building engineering and geotechnical engineering, municipal engineering pipelines and the like.
Background
Water seepage is one of important factors influencing the stability of rock and soil mass and the progress of engineering, and under the common condition, in the aspect of treatment of the water seepage problem, the search of a water seepage source or channel is important basic work and is also a key link for solving the water seepage problem. The tracing method is a common method, and has tracing methods such as isotope, organic dye, pH value, temperature and the like according to different tracing agents. However, the isotope tracing method has high manufacturing cost and high detection cost, and generally has certain radioactivity; the organic dye has low stability, is easy to degrade in the environment and has low resolution; the ph and temperature are more affected by the environment and longer periods of testing are required in detecting leak testing problems with multiple sources of seepage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a leakage detection method for tracing multiple water source points by using carbon quantum dots, which solves the problems, wherein the carbon quantum dots have stable fluorescence characteristics, small molecular weight and particle size, can quickly and accurately detect the leakage water source points and paths, and is simple and quick.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a carbon quantum dot tracing multi-water source point leakage detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing two carbon quantum dots with larger difference of emission peak wavelengths, namely a carbon dot I and a carbon dot II, and measuring the respective emission peak wavelengths by using the same excitation wavelength;
(2) sampling at a water seepage position, and determining that no fluorescence source interference exists in a water seepage source by using the excitation wavelength in the step (1); if the interference of the fluorescence source exists, filling pure water into a plurality of water source points which are possibly leaked until the interference of the fluorescence source cannot be detected by sampling water seepage positions;
(3) respectively doping a carbon point I and a carbon point II in the step (1) into two possibly leaked water source points;
(4) calculating the time for the carbon point to flow from the water source point to the water seepage position, sampling at the water seepage position after the time period, and exciting by using the excitation wavelength in the step (1), wherein if the carbon point has no fluorescence characteristic, the selected water source point is not the water seepage source point; if the same emission peak wavelength as that of the single carbon point I and the single carbon point II in the step (1) is detected, the water source point correspondingly doped with the carbon point is one of the water leakage source points; if the peak wavelength of the detected emission light is between the peak wavelengths of the emission light of the two carbon points, the two water source points are both water leakage source points;
(5) if other water source points which are possible to leak exist, filling pure water into the water source points which are detected in the step (4) until the water seepage positions do not generate the interference of the carbon point fluorescent source through sampling detection; and (4) selecting other two water source points with possible leakage, and repeating the processes of the steps (3) and (4) until all the water source points with possible leakage are detected.
The invention further improves the technical scheme that the carbon dots I and the carbon dots II are subjected to fluorescence detection in the step (1), the optimal excitation wavelength of each carbon dot is obtained, and the same excitation wavelength is selected between the two optimal excitation wavelengths. Each carbon point has fluorescence characteristics under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, but the emission wave fluorescence characteristics of the carbon points are strongest under the optimal excitation wave, and the same excitation wavelength is selected in the range between the optimal excitation wavelengths of two different carbon points, so that the optimal fluorescence characteristics which are mutually considered are better obtained.
According to a further improved technical scheme of the invention, in the step (1), two kinds of carbon dots are mixed according to different proportions, and the peak wavelength of the emitted light of the mixed liquid with different proportions is measured; and (4) deducing the mixing ratio of the two carbon points according to the peak wavelength of the emitted light obtained by detection, and determining the water seepage ratio of different water seepage sources. Not only can detect the leakage water source, but also can accurately know the leakage proportion of different leakage water source points, thereby providing accurate basis for subsequent work.
According to a further improved technical scheme of the invention, if a liquid sample cannot be directly collected by sampling at a water seepage position, the wet solid substance is soaked in pure water and used after precipitation and purification. The water seepage position without a liquid water seepage sample can be detected.
The invention further improves the technical scheme that in the step (2) and the step (5), when sampling is carried out at the water seepage position to determine whether the interference of the carbon dot fluorescent source exists, a fluorescent torch or a fluorescent lamp can be used for irradiation judgment. The method can quickly judge whether the carbon point fluorescence source interference exists at the water seepage position, and can shorten the detection time period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the carbon quantum dot is a novel fluorescent carbon nano material taking carbon element as a main body, and has the excellent characteristics of high fluorescence stability, photobleaching resistance, wide and continuous excitation light, tunable emitted light, small particle size, low molecular weight, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, excellent electron acceptor and donor and the like. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light with determined wavelength, the emission peak wavelength of the same carbon quantum dot is determined, the wave modes are consistent, and the change is avoided along with the difference of solution concentration. The carbon quantum dots with two different emission peak wavelengths are mixed, the emission spectrum is still a single peak value, and the emission peak wavelength is changed under the excitation of ultraviolet light with the same wavelength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of fluorescence intensity emitted by different concentrations of sucrose carbon quantum dots under 365nm ultraviolet excitation;
FIG. 2 is a graph of fluorescence intensity of a sucrose-graphene carbon quantum dot mixed solution under excitation of 340nm ultraviolet light;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the fluorescence intensity of graphene carbon quantum dots under excitation of 340nm ultraviolet light in a leakage experiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a rock mass fracture water leakage detection principle according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
Test No.)
Taking sucrose carbon quantum dots as an example, preparing a ratio of carbon quantum dots to pure water of 1: 50. 1: 100. 1: 200. 1: 300. 1: 400. 1: the 500 carbon quantum dot solutions with different concentrations have obvious fluorescence characteristics under the excitation of 365nm fluorescence flashlight. Under 365nm ultraviolet excitation, the peak wavelength of the light emitted by the carbon quantum dots is determined, the wave modes are consistent, and the wave modes do not change along with the difference of the solution concentration, as shown in figure 1.
Test No. two
Carbon quantum dots with different emission wavelengths are used as tracers, and for example, sucrose carbon quantum dots and graphene carbon quantum dots are mixed, the emission spectrum of the mixed carbon quantum dots is still single peak, and the peak wavelength of the emitted light changes under the excitation of ultraviolet light with the same wavelength of 340nm, as shown in fig. 2. The peak wavelength of the emitted light of the sucrose carbon dots prepared in the experiment under the excitation of 340nm ultraviolet light is 460nm, the peak wavelength of the emitted light of the graphene carbon dots is 435nm, the content ratios of graphene to sucrose are respectively 0:1, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 1:0, the peak wavelengths of the emitted light are 460nm, 454nm, 448nm, 441nm and 435nm in sequence, namely, the peak wavelengths of mixed carbon quantum dot solutions mixed in different ratios are different, so that the ratio among different carbon dot solutions can be determined, and a plurality of possible leakage water source dots can be detected simultaneously.
Leakage test
Self-control two diameter 50cm, high 1m cylindric rock specimen one, rock specimen two, survey the face respectively at top to the end and form one leakage way, make graphite alkene carbon quantum dot to dilute 1: 10, respectively permeating the diluted solution from the top of a rock sample I and the top of a rock sample II, sampling at the positions of the permeation points, and detecting the peak wavelength of emitted light to be 435nm under the excitation of the same 340nm ultraviolet light, wherein the peak wavelength is shown in figure 3. Indoor experiments show that carbon quantum dots passing through complete sandstone pores have good and stable fluorescence characteristics, and fracture channels in rock-soil bodies are usually larger than the pores in the experiments in actual engineering, so that the method is feasible.
Example 1
The rock mass has seepage point 1 and seepage point 2, has three water source points A, B, C that probably leak, uses this application method to detect the test, takes sucrose carbon quantum dot and graphite alkene carbon quantum dot as the example.
(1) Preparing a carbon dot I (sucrose carbon quantum dot) and a carbon dot II (graphene carbon quantum dot), mixing the two carbon dots according to different proportions, wherein the content ratios of graphene to sucrose are respectively 0:1, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 1:0, and measuring the peak wavelengths of emitted light of the carbon dots to be 460nm, 454nm, 448nm, 441nm and 435nm sequentially under the excitation of ultraviolet light with the same excitation wavelength of 340nm between the optimal excitation wavelength of the sucrose carbon quantum dot and the optimal excitation wavelength of the graphene carbon quantum dot;
(2) sampling is carried out at the water seepage positions (seepage point 1 and seepage point 2), and the excitation wavelength in the step (1) is used for determining that no fluorescence source interference exists in a seepage water source; if the interference of the fluorescence source exists, filling pure water into a plurality of water source points which are possibly leaked until the interference of the fluorescence source cannot be detected by sampling water seepage positions; in order to improve the detection time period, a fluorescent flashlight or a fluorescent lamp can be directly used for irradiation judgment, if the fluorescent characteristic exists, interference exists, pure water filling treatment is needed, and if the fluorescent characteristic does not exist, no fluorescence source interference exists.
(3) Two of the possible leaks of source point A, B are incorporated into carbon point I and carbon point II in step (1);
(4) sampling at a seepage point 1 after the carbon point can flow from a water source point A, B to a seepage position seepage point 1 for a predicted time, and exciting by using the excitation wavelength of 340nm in the step (1), wherein if the excitation wavelength has no fluorescence characteristic, the selected water source point A, B is not the seepage water source point of the seepage point 1; if the same peak wavelength of the emitted light as that of the single carbon point I in the step (1) is detected, the water source point A is one of the leakage water source points of the leakage point 1, and the water source point B is not; if the same peak wavelength of the emitted light as that of the carbon point II in the step (1) is detected, the water source point B is one of the water source leakage points of the water leakage point 1, and the water source point A is not; if the peak wavelength of the detected emission light is between the peak wavelengths of the emission light of the two carbon points, the water source point A, B is a water leakage source point, the mixing ratio of the two carbon points is deduced according to the peak wavelength of the detected emission light, and the water leakage ratio of the water leakage source point A, B is determined; similarly, sampling ultraviolet light excitation detection judgment is also carried out on the seepage point 2;
(5) for the water source point C, filling pure water into the water source leakage point detected in the step (4) until no carbon point fluorescence source interference is detected in the water leakage positions of the leakage point 1 and the leakage point 2 in a sampling manner; doping the carbon point I in the step (1) into the water source point C, sampling at the water seepage position after the estimated time that the carbon point can flow from the water source point C to the water seepage position (seepage point 1 and seepage point 2), and exciting by using the excitation wavelength of 340nm in the step (1), wherein if the water source point C has no fluorescence characteristic, the selected water source point C is not the water seepage source point; if the same peak wavelength of the emitted light as that of the carbon point I is detected, the water source point C is also one of the leakage water source points.
Example 2
The rock mass has seepage point 1, seepage point 2, seepage point 3, has four water source points A, B, C, D that probably leak, uses this application method to carry out the testing, takes sucrose carbon quantum dot and graphite alkene carbon quantum dot as the example.
(1) Preparing a carbon dot I (sucrose carbon quantum dot) and a carbon dot II (graphene carbon quantum dot), mixing the two carbon dots according to different proportions, wherein the content ratios of graphene to sucrose are respectively 0:1, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 1:0, and measuring the peak wavelengths of emitted light of the carbon dots to be 460nm, 454nm, 448nm, 441nm and 435nm sequentially under the excitation of ultraviolet light with the same excitation wavelength of 340nm between the optimal excitation wavelength of the sucrose carbon quantum dot and the optimal excitation wavelength of the graphene carbon quantum dot;
(2) sampling is carried out at the seepage positions (seepage point 1, seepage point 2 and seepage point 3), and the excitation wavelength in the step (1) is used for determining that no fluorescence source interference exists in the seepage water source; if the interference of the fluorescence source exists, filling pure water into a plurality of water source points which are possibly leaked until the interference of the fluorescence source cannot be detected by sampling water seepage positions; in order to improve the detection time period, a fluorescent flashlight or a fluorescent lamp can be directly used for irradiation judgment, if the fluorescent characteristic exists, interference exists, pure water filling treatment is needed, and if the fluorescent characteristic does not exist, no fluorescence source interference exists.
(3) Two of the possible leaks of source point A, B are incorporated into carbon point I and carbon point II in step (1);
(4) sampling at a seepage point 1 after the carbon point can flow from a water source point A, B to a seepage position seepage point 1 for a predicted time, and exciting by using the excitation wavelength of 340nm in the step (1), wherein if the excitation wavelength has no fluorescence characteristic, the selected water source point A, B is not the seepage water source point of the seepage point 1; if the same peak wavelength of the emitted light as that of the single carbon point I in the step (1) is detected, the water source point A is one of the leakage water source points of the leakage point 1, and the water source point B is not; if the same peak wavelength of the emitted light as that of the carbon point II in the step (1) is detected, the water source point B is one of the water source leakage points of the water leakage point 1, and the water source point A is not; if the peak wavelength of the detected emission light is between the peak wavelengths of the emission light of the two carbon points, the water source point A, B is a water leakage source point, the mixing ratio of the two carbon points is deduced according to the peak wavelength of the detected emission light, and the water leakage ratio of the water leakage source point A, B is determined; similarly, sampling ultraviolet light excitation detection judgment is also carried out on the seepage point 2 and the seepage point 3;
(5) for the water source point C and the water source point D, filling pure water into the water leakage source points detected in the step (4) until no carbon point fluorescence source interference is detected in the water leakage positions of the water leakage point 1, the water leakage point 2 and the water leakage point 3 in a sampling mode; and (3) respectively doping the carbon point I and the carbon point II in the step (1) into the water source point C and the water source point D, repeating the operation in the step (4) after the carbon points can flow to water seepage positions (a seepage point 1, a seepage point 2 and a seepage point 3) from the water source point C and the water source point D for predicted time, and detecting and judging whether the water source point C and the water source point D are water seepage source points or not.
And if other possible leaking water source points exist, repeating the step (5) until all the possible leaking water source points are detected.
The water seepage position without a liquid water seepage sample is detected, the liquid sample cannot be directly collected when the water seepage position is sampled, and the wet solid substances can be soaked in pure water and used after precipitation and purification.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A carbon quantum dot tracing multi-water source point leakage detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing two carbon quantum dots with large difference of emission peak wavelengths, namely sucrose carbon quantum dots and graphene carbon quantum dots, and measuring the respective emission peak wavelengths by using the same excitation wavelength;
(2) sampling at a water seepage position, and determining whether the leaked water source has fluorescence source interference or not by using the excitation wavelength in the step (1); if the interference of the fluorescence source exists, filling pure water into a plurality of water source points which are possibly leaked until the interference of the fluorescence source cannot be detected by sampling water seepage positions;
(3) respectively doping the sucrose carbon quantum dots and the graphene carbon quantum dots in the step (1) into two possibly leaked water source points;
(4) calculating the time for the carbon point to flow from the water source point to the water seepage position, sampling at the water seepage position after the time period, and exciting by using the excitation wavelength in the step (1), wherein if the carbon point has no fluorescence characteristic, the selected water source point is not the water seepage source point; if the same emission peak wavelength as that of the single sucrose carbon quantum dot and the single graphene carbon quantum dot in the step (1) is detected, the water source point correspondingly doped with the carbon dot is one of the water leakage source points; if the peak wavelength of the detected emission light is between the peak wavelengths of the emission light of the two carbon points, the two water source points are both water leakage source points;
(5) if other water source points which are possible to leak exist, filling pure water into the water source points which are detected in the step (4) until the water seepage positions do not generate the interference of the carbon point fluorescent source through sampling detection; and (4) selecting other two water source points with possible leakage, and repeating the processes of the steps (3) and (4) until all the water source points with possible leakage are detected.
2. The carbon quantum dot-tracing multi-source-point leakage detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: performing fluorescence detection on the sucrose carbon quantum dots and the graphene carbon quantum dots to obtain the optimal excitation wavelength of each carbon dot, and selecting the same excitation wavelength between the two optimal excitation wavelengths.
3. The carbon quantum dot-tracing multi-source-point leakage detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: mixing two kinds of carbon dots according to different proportions, and measuring the peak wavelength of emitted light of mixed liquid with different proportions; and (4) deducing the mixing ratio of the two carbon points according to the peak wavelength of the emitted light obtained by detection, and determining the water seepage ratio of different water seepage sources.
4. The carbon quantum dot-tracing multi-source-point leakage detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: if the liquid sample can not be directly collected by sampling at the water seepage position, soaking the wet solid substance in pure water, and using after precipitation and purification.
5. The carbon quantum dot-tracing multi-source-point leakage detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) sampling at the water seepage position to determine whether the carbon dot fluorescence source interference exists, and judging irradiation by using a fluorescent flashlight or a fluorescent lamp.
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