CN109797553A - A kind of preparation method of antistatic agent - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of antistatic agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN109797553A CN109797553A CN201910139452.0A CN201910139452A CN109797553A CN 109797553 A CN109797553 A CN 109797553A CN 201910139452 A CN201910139452 A CN 201910139452A CN 109797553 A CN109797553 A CN 109797553A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of antistatic agent, and the raw material of the antistatic agent includes following mass parts composition: Gemini surface active 5-12%；High molecular weight chains alkylol phosphate 2-4%；Low molecular weight chain alkyl alcohol phosphate 2-4%；Alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate 0.5-2%；Polyester 1-8%.Antistatic agent made of the present invention, favorable solubility in water are made product and stablize, and foaming characteristic is small, has good heat resistance and resistance to acid and alkali, and antistatic effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to textile material production technical fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of antistatic agent.
Background technique
With the fast development of synthetic fibers, the ratio in textile is increasing, and status is more and more important.Due to closing
Have the characteristics that small hygroscopicity, poorly conductive, coefficient of friction are big at fiber, it is generated quiet in manufacture processing and process of consumption
Electric problem and its harm are continuously increased.In the production process of textile, electrostatic not only result between fiber mutually winding and
Phenomenon is flown upward, and machine part can operate exception, makes difficult processing to carry out.In clothes use process, electrostatic keeps clothes easy
It is pasted in staiing with mutual, or even generates electric spark, seriously affect the beauty and comfort of clothes.In addition, caused by clothes
Electrostatic can also interfere with the normal operating of electronic instrument, and the textile used in the hospital operating room can make patient if static electrification
During surgery by unexpected injury.Therefore, the antistatic technology of textile seems extremely important.Fibrous material be stretched,
Electrostatic can be all generated when compression, electric field induction, heated-air drying, gas-flow radiation and phase mutual friction, but it is mutual between fiber
Friction is to generate the most important reason of electrostatic.In order to inhibit the electrostatic phenomenon of textile, although fibre modification can be used, mixed
The technological means such as spinning are spun and hand over, but it is then easy to process, low in cost and applicable because having to carry out antistatic finish to textile
The wide feature of property and be widely used.The antistatic finish mechanism of action is mainly manifested in two aspects, first is that between reducing fiber
Friction, inhibit the generation of electrostatic, reduce surface resistivity, surface resistivity is parallel to the electricity of current direction on material surface
The ratio between electric current on potential gradient and surface unit width, unit are ohm (Ω).Such antistatic technology is mainly
It, can be by the surface resistivity of material from 10 by ionic conduction14—1016Ω is down to 108—1010Ω.Second is that improving electrostatic ease
Dissipate speed.Textile is applied to using sprinkling, the processing method for impregnating, padding, makes fiber that there is antistatic property.
Existing antistatic agent presses ionic classification are as follows: anionic, cationic, amphoteric ion type, non-ionic several
Major class.
Anionic antistatic agents mainly include sulfuric acid and phosphate ester salt etc..The good water solubility of sulfuric acid, except having
Outside antistatic effect, emulsifier is also acted as, but it is to oxygen and hot less stable, it is difficult to be applied to high-speed and high-temperature spinning work
Skill.
Cationic antistatic agent mainly includes various amine salt, quaternary ammonium salt and alkyl imidazoline salt etc., wherein again with quaternary ammonium
Salt is most widely used.But except with also using a lot of other auxiliary agents in addition to antistatic agent in item processed, spinning, weaving process, and
Majority is anionic property, so cationic antistatic agent cannot in most cases use.Further, since cationic is anti-
Electrostatic agent is mostly nitrogenous compound, is easy to change colour in the high temperature environment, makes fibre staining, influences the dyeing of fiber and its fabric,
Also easily frame is made to get rusty simultaneously.
Amphoteric ion type antistatic agent mainly includes amino acid pattern, betaine type and imidazoline type.With cationic
Activating agent is similar, since amophoteric surface active contains nitrogen, is easy to change colour in the high temperature environment, so that fibre staining, influences
The coloring of fiber and its fabric.
Non-ionic antistatic agent mainly has polyethylene oxide alkyl ethers, polyethylene oxide alkyl phenylate, polyethylene oxide
The aliphatic ester of aliphatic ester glycerol, the aliphatic ester of sorbitan, polyoxyethylene sorbitan aliphatic ester and amine
Or ethylene oxide adduct of amide etc..Non-ionic antistatic agent is poor to fibers adsorption and itself cannot be ionized, and resists quiet
Electro ultrafiltration is poor, must be used cooperatively with ionic anti-static agent as antistatic ingredient.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of antistatic agent, manufactured antistatic agent, and production is made in favorable solubility in water
Product are stablized, and foaming characteristic is small, have good heat resistance and resistance to acid and alkali, antistatic effect is good, and prepares relatively easy, raw material
It is easy to get, cost is relatively low.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of antistatic agent, it is characterised in that: the raw material of the antistatic agent includes following mass parts composition:
Gemini surface active 5-12%；High molecular weight chains alkylol phosphate 2-4%；Low molecular weight chain alkyl alcohol phosphate 2-4%；
Alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate 0.5-2%；Polyester 1-8%；Wherein, high molecular weight chains alkylol phosphate ester surfactants are using oil
Alcohol polyoxyethylene ether reacts to obtain with phosphorus pentoxide；The low molecular weight chain alkyl alcohol phosphate is using single laruyl alcohol phosphoric acid
Ester；The alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate is that Brij reacts to obtain with single laruyl alcohol with polyphosphoric acids.
Further, in the high molecular weight chains alkylol phosphate ester surfactants preparation process, oleic alcohol polyoxyethylene
The control of the molar ratio of ether and phosphorus pentoxide is in 3-3.5:1, and at 60-65 DEG C, reaction time control exists for reaction temperature control
4-5 hours, phosphorus pentoxide divided in 3-5 addition reaction vessel, and uses nitrogen protection during reaction.
Further, the preparation of the Brij uses the C14 primary alconol, C16 primary alconol, oleyl alcohol of mixing for original
Material, prepares mixed fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with ethyleneoxide addition, and wherein the molar ratio of EO and fatty alcohol is 2-3:1, raw material
Middle C14 primary alconol, C16 primary alconol, oleyl alcohol mixing molar ratio be 0.1-10:0.1-10:1.
Further, in the alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate preparation process, Brij, single laruyl alcohol and more
Polyphosphoric acid is added in mass parts 2:1:1 ratio, is reacted 4-5 hours under the conditions of 120 DEG C.
Further, the Gemini surface active structure are as follows:, in which: R3, R4
Respectively dodecyl is one of to eicosyl.
Further, R3, R4 are heptadecyl.
The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:
When Brij is reacted with phosphorus pentoxide, as the reaction time extends, phosphate monoester content increases, and phosphoric acid is double
Ester content is reduced, and phosphorus acid content decline, total acid number increase, and total conversion improves, and product color can deepen.The suction of monoalkyl phosphate
Moist and antistatic property is better than phosphate diester salt, and has excellent water solubility.The permeability of phosphate diester salt and smooth-property are good
In monoalkyl phosphate.This phenomenon and the structure of phosphate mono-ester/diester salt are closely related.There are two O, hygroscopicity for monoalkyl phosphate tool
It is stronger compared with phosphate diester salt with hydrophily, during lacing, preferably it can sell of one's property raw charge by loss fiber table, it is antistatic
Effect is more preferable.There are two hydrophobic groups for phosphate diester salt tool, can form the close oriented attachment layer of arrangement on interface, reduce table
Face tension and ability are stronger than monoalkyl phosphate, and permeability is more preferable.Phosphate diester salt in Phosphorylated products is more, product permeability
Better, monoalkyl phosphate is more, and product dissolubility is better.The anti-electrical property and permeability of pyrophosphate salt are very poor, and too high levels are tight
Ghost image rings properties of product.Reaction time control of the invention was at 4-5 hours.
The present invention adds low molecular weight chain alkyl alcohol phosphate list laruyl alcohol phosphate, with high molecular weight chains alkylol phosphoric acid
Ester adds simultaneously, other than improving stability, can also imitate with viscosity, small molecule and fiber surface is reduced with preferably combination
Fruit, has better antistatic effect to subtle fiber filament, adds simultaneously with high molecular weight phosphate antistatic with cooperateing with
Effect.
The present invention adds alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate, anti-by Brij and single laruyl alcohol and polyphosphoric acids
It should obtain, obtained condensed phosphate has a plurality of hydrophobic chain, and sample different in size can effectively be divided by this structure
It is scattered to fiber surface and improves bond strength, while polyphosphoric acids, after partial hydrolysis, active group has high hydrophilic
Property, stronger cross-linking properties.The alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate that the present invention adds, collaboration improve high molecular weight chains alkylol phosphorus
The antistatic effect of acid esters.
The present invention is using the reasons why Gemini surface active: Gemini surface active is living with very high surface
Property, the molecular structure of classical surfactant is asymmetric " two be made of a hydrophilic radical and a hydrophobic grouping
Parent " structure.And the structure of Gemini surface active (country is known as duplex or Anionic Gemini Surfactant) is more special, molecule
In at least containing there are two hydrophilic group (ion or polar group) and two hydrophobic chains, at its hydrophilic group or close hydrophilic group, by
Spacer group is connected together by chamical binding.
Gemini surface active, which is removed, has very high surface-active, also with very low Krafft point and water-soluble well
Property, contain hydrophilic, lipophilic groups more more than conventional surfactant, can be generated when being compounded with conventional surfactant stronger
Synergistic effect, it is more preferable as antistatic agent effect than traditional surfactant.
When Gemini surface active Molecular Adsorption is in fiber interface, lipophilic group is towards fiber, and hydrophilic group is then towards empty
Gas produces electric discharge phenomena, makes fiber surface so that the ionic conducting property of fiber and moisture absorption electric conductivity are very strong
Resistance reduce, thus balance the generation of fiber electrostatic and release, to prevent the accumulation of static electricity of fiber, reach resist it is quiet
The purpose of electricity.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate this hair
It is bright, rather than limit the scope of the invention.Under the premise of without departing substantially from technical solution of the invention, the present invention is made
Those of ordinary skill in the art's any change easy to accomplish fall within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-6
12 parts of Gemini surface active (manufacturer: Ningbo east Yongning Chemical Industry Science Co., Ltd specific name: both sexes
Gemini phosphate surfactant active), the Gemini surface active structure are as follows:,
In: R3, R4 are heptadecyl.
High molecular weight chains alkylol phosphate preparations are as follows: Brij (C16 primary alconol polyoxyethylene ether)
Molar ratio control with phosphorus pentoxide is in 3.5:1, and at 62 DEG C, the reaction time is controlled at 5 hours, five for reaction temperature control
It aoxidizes in two phosphorus point, 4 addition reaction vessels, and uses nitrogen protection during reaction.The preparation of the Brij is adopted
It is raw material with mixed C14 primary alconol, C16 primary alconol, oleyl alcohol molar ratio 1:1:1, it is poly- to prepare mixed fatty alcohol with ethyleneoxide addition
Ethylene oxide ether, wherein the molar ratio of EO and fatty alcohol is 2.5:1.In the alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate preparation process, oleyl alcohol
Polyoxyethylene ether, single laruyl alcohol and polyphosphoric acids are added in mass parts 2:1:1 ratio, are reacted 4 hours and are prepared under the conditions of 120 DEG C
It obtains.
Antistatic agent composition, see the table below according to parts by weight:
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 | |
| Gemini surface active | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| High molecular weight chains alkylol phosphate | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Single laruyl alcohol phosphate | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| Alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate | 1.5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Polyester | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Water | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 |
Antistatic test method
Handle fabric: bristle cotton flannel (terylene)
Antistatic agent dosage and technique: 20g/L pads, second dipping and rolling, 150 DEG C of drying.
Washing standard: GB/T 8629-2001 is washed 5 times, each hang airing, by testing standard GB/T using 5A method
12703.1-2008 testing half-life period.
Test equipment: FY342E-IIA fabric induction type electro static instrument
Original cloth:
| Crest voltage (V) | Evanescent voltage (V) | Die-away time (S) | |
| Original cloth | 6409 | 3204 | 62.64 |
Before being washed after antistatic treatment:
| Crest voltage (V) | Evanescent voltage (V) | Die-away time (S) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1966 | 983 | 2.58 |
| Embodiment 2 | 2210 | 1105 | 2.32 |
| Embodiment 3 | 3205 | 1603 | 1.23 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3966 | 1983 | 3.36 |
| Comparative example 2 | 4125 | 2063 | 3.03 |
| Comparative example 3 | 4698 | 2349 | 2.28 |
| Comparative example 4 | 4589 | 2295 | 5.3 |
| Comparative example 5 | 4832 | 2416 | 5.2 |
| Comparative example 6 | 3998 | 1999 | 3.1 |
After being washed 5 times after antistatic treatment:
| Crest voltage (V) | Evanescent voltage (V) | Die-away time (S) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 5117 | 2559 | 8.6 |
| Embodiment 2 | 5205 | 2602 | 6.9 |
| Embodiment 3 | 5817 | 2908 | 8.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 6012 | 3006 | 12.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 6244 | 3122 | 11.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 6391 | 3196 | 17.5 |
| Comparative example 4 | 6879 | 3439 | 10.5 |
| Comparative example 5 | 6635 | 3318 | 13.3 |
| Comparative example 6 | 6328 | 3164 | 14.7 |
Above-described embodiment is only the composition and process characteristic for illustrating this system, and its object is to allow those skilled in the art can
Understand the contents of the present invention and be implemented, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.All reference this systems wait
The technical solution that alternative is formed is imitated, should all be fallen within the scope of the hereto appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of antistatic agent, it is characterised in that: the raw material of the antistatic agent includes following mass parts composition:
Gemini surface active 5-12%；High molecular weight chains alkylol phosphate 2-4%；Low molecular weight chain alkyl alcohol phosphate 2-4%；
Alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate 0.5-2%；Polyester 1-8%；Wherein, high molecular weight chains alkylol phosphate ester surfactants are using oil
Alcohol polyoxyethylene ether reacts to obtain with phosphorus pentoxide；The low molecular weight chain alkyl alcohol phosphate is using single laruyl alcohol phosphoric acid
Ester；The alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate is that Brij reacts to obtain with single laruyl alcohol with polyphosphoric acids.
2. the preparation method of antistatic agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the high molecular weight chains alkylol phosphorus
In acid ester surface active agent preparation process, the molar ratio of Brij and phosphorus pentoxide is controlled in 3-3.5:1,
Reaction temperature control is at 60-65 DEG C, and the reaction time controlled at 4-5 hours, and phosphorus pentoxide divides in 3-5 addition reaction vessel,
And nitrogen protection is used during reaction.
3. the preparation method of antistatic agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the system of the Brij
The standby C14 primary alconol for using mixing, C16 primary alconol, oleyl alcohol prepare mixed fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene with ethyleneoxide addition for raw material
Ether, wherein the molar ratio of EO and fatty alcohol is 2-3:1, C14 primary alconol in raw material, C16 primary alconol, oleyl alcohol mixing molar ratio be 0.1-
10:0.1-10:1。
4. the preparation method of antistatic agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the alkyl group alcohol condensed phosphate
In preparation process, Brij, single laruyl alcohol and polyphosphoric acids are added in mass parts 2:1:1 ratio, in 120 DEG C of conditions
Lower reaction 4-5 hours.
5. the preparation method of antistatic agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Gemini surface active knot
Structure are as follows:, in which: R3、R4Respectively dodecyl is one of to eicosyl.
6. the preparation method of antistatic agent according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: R3、R4For heptadecyl.
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