CN109797351A - A kind of cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel and production method - Google Patents
A kind of cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel and production method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel, component and wt% are as follows: C:0.033~0.073%, Si:0.020~0.080%, Mn:0.13~0.43%, P :≤0.008%, S :≤0.005%, O :≤0.0020%, N :≤0.0035%, Als:0.033~0.063%；Production method: enter LF furnace after converter smelting and refine；RH application of vacuum；Continuous casting simultaneously heats slab；Roughing；Finish rolling；Carry out ultra-rapid cooling；It batches；It is smooth.The present invention not only guarantees thickness specification in 16mm, material lower yield strength >=210MPa, 300 ~ 420MPa of tensile strength, elongation percentage A50>=45%, Impact energy Ak v >=200J under the conditions of -20 DEG C, material is after flash butt welding, when lateral 180 ° of cold bending experiments of sample, Bend diameter d=0a is qualified, under the premise of hole expansibility >=75%, cold forming precision is high, and qualification rate improves at least 5%, and production cost, which reduces, is not less than 8%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hot-rolled steel and production method, belong to a kind of tubeless rim steel and production method, really
It is a kind of cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel and production method with cutting.
Background technique
The structure of wheel mainly includes spoke and wheel rim, and the production method of spoke is generally mechanical stamping forming, so wanting
Ask spoke wheel steel that there is good deep drawability, stretch forming performance and sheared edge tensile property.Wheel rim is then to glisten
Butt welding and then rolling forming, therefore it is required that wheel rim wheel steel has good welding performance, postwelding forming property, it is such as cold
Curved performance, fatigue behaviour etc., tubeless rim wheel steel is in order to guarantee the air-tightness of finished tire, to the surface quality of material
Harsher requirement is proposed with dimensional accuracy.
Now, the exploitation of all kinds of mineral resources, the construction of engineering project provide substance base for the good life of the mankind
Plinth also greatly have stimulated the demand of engineering machinery vehicle, self-tipping type mine car, due to special working environment and work shape
State, engineering machinery vehicle wheel, mine car wheel have the characteristics that volume is big, quality weight, forming complexity, generally use think gauge
Hot-rolled steel manufacture, due to the limitation of material thickness and intensity, substantially increases and shapes difficulty, therefore is forced using hot-working
Mode manufactured, which results in the increase of the increase of process and energy consumption, improve manufacturing cost, and heated
Due to oxidation in journey, the factors such as tissue change change the forming property of material, and product defects rate improves, greatly
Affect economic benefit.On the other hand, hot-working generates a large amount of iron scale dust and thermal radiation phenomena, brings to environment
Serious pollution, this is disagreed with environmentally protective, energy-saving idea of development.Therefore, produce it is a kind of meet cold forming use
Hot rolling wheel steel, and can satisfy engineering machinery vehicle inner tube-free wheel rim steel, self-tipping type mine car inner tube-free wheel wheel
Rim steel applying working condition requirement, is the key point solved the problems, such as.
Through retrieving:
The patent of invention of China Patent Publication No. CN 201310540304.2 discloses a kind of low-cost high-strength automobile
Wheel-use steel material and its production method, ingredient be C:0.07~0.1%, Si:0.146~0.246%, Mn:0.76%~
0.95%, P :≤0.02%, S :≤0.015%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.Its technology characteristics is to pass through molten iron
Pretreatment, converter smelting and external refining and the smelting of pair rolling step are rolled into the wheel steel.From ingredient design, the hair
Bright carbon element content is relatively high, and sulfur content is higher, has larger impact to the forming property of steel, will lead to steel and exist
Cracking phenomena is easy to appear during being processed into wheel, and the invention silicon content is higher, belt steel surface can be made to form difficulty
With the scale structure of removal, the surface quality of strip is influenced, to the very high parts product of this surface requirements of spoke wheel rim
It adversely affects.
The patent of invention of China Patent Publication No. CN 201110263972.6 discloses a kind of automobile wheel rim heat
Steel rolling and its production technology, ingredient are C:0.06~0.12%, Si :≤0.10%, Mn:0.30~0.70%, P :≤
0.030%, S :≤0.020%, Al:0.010~0.060%, surplus Fe, technology characteristics are, molten steel carry out the outer essence of LF furnace,
Calcium treatment, continuous casting and pair rolling are at the wheel rim flange ring.From ingredient design, the carbon element content of the invention is relatively high,
The harmful elements content such as sulphur, phosphorus is also higher, adversely affects to the forming property of material, can not fully meet forming complexity,
Required precision is high, the forming requirements of the high large-scale wheel think gauge part of surface quality requirements.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provide it is a kind of guarantee thickness specification in 16mm,
Material lower yield strength >=210MPa, 300~420MPa of tensile strength, elongation percentage A50>=45%, ballistic work under the conditions of -20 DEG C
Akv >=200J, material is after flash butt welding, and when lateral 180 ° of cold bending experiments of sample, Bend diameter d=0a is qualified, and hole expansibility >=
Under the premise of 75%, keep inner tube-free wheel rim cold forming precision high, qualification rate improves at least 5%, and production cost reduces not low
In 8% cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel and production method.
Realize the measure of above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel, component and weight percent content are as follows: C:0.033~
0.073%, Si:0.020~0.080%, Mn:0.13~0.43%, P :≤0.008%, S :≤0.005%, O :≤
0.0020%, N :≤0.0035%, Als:0.033~0.063%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
A kind of method for producing cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel, step:
1) enter LF furnace after converter smelting and carry out external refining, and use and blow in LF furnace progress external refining overall process
Argon stirring；
2) RH application of vacuum is carried out；At the end of control is vacuum-treated, P≤0.008% in molten steel, S≤0.005%, very
The time is managed not less than 15min in vacancy；Calcium treatment is carried out after trimming, Si-Ca line is fed according to 600~800g/ tons of steel, feeds
Enter rate control in 250~300m/min；
3) it is casting continuously to form base to heat slab, heating and temperature control is at 1160~1200 DEG C；
4) roughing is carried out, and control it to terminate temperature at 1020~1060 DEG C；
5) finish rolling is carried out, and controls finishing temperature at 790~830 DEG C；
6) ultra-rapid cooling is carried out, is cooled to coiling temperature in the case where cooling velocity is 140~180 DEG C/s；
7) batched: control coiling temperature is at 490~530 DEG C；
8) smooth: smooth power is set as 1.5%~2.0%.
It is: the ingredient and weight percent content of LF Slag Regime In Conditions of Out-of-furnace Steel Treatment are as follows: CaO:45%~50%,
Al2O3: 22%~26%, MgO:8%~10%, SiO2: 11%~14%, TFe < 0.7%；And control the basicity of clinker R again:
3.5~4.0.
In the present invention the reasons why effect and control of each component and main technique:
Carbon: being the very good and cheap solution strengthening element of invigoration effect, and influences the main of steel material obdurability
Element, intensity can be improved in carbon increase, but reduces toughness, and the welding performance to material is also unfavorable.Because steel grade of the present invention
Application range is engineering machinery vehicle inner tube-free wheel rim part, needs to carry out largely Pressing Deformation and processes, and
In order to energy-saving, avoid heat processing technique process, reduce heating furnace equipment and energy consumption cost, therefore it is required that material meet it is strong
While degree requires, it is necessary to have good cold formability energy.If carbon content is greater than 0.073%, it is not able to satisfy material
Good cold formability energy, and carbon content is less than 0.030%, it is impossible to meet the intensity requirements of material for side.So carbon content is limited
It is scheduled on 0.033~0.073% range.
Silicon: silicon has very strong solution strengthening effect after being dissolved in ferrite, 0.1% weight percent of every increase in carbon steel
Silicon, can make the tensile strength of hot-rolled steel improve 8.0Mpa~9.0Mpa, and yield strength improves 4.0Mpa~5.0Mpa.And micro Si
The addition of element when making wheel rim part flash butt welding, reduces the fusing point of the impurity such as aluminium oxide, forms lower melting-point silicate oxygen
Compound makes it quickly form welding slag, and removes in process of skimming, to improve the weldquality of wheel rim, guarantee material it is cold at
Shape requirement, but silicone content is more than that 0.2% later adversely affects to toughness and surface quality significantly increases, and especially makes hot-rolled steel
Plate generates red iron sheet, leaves point in surface of steel plate after pickling, becomes the formation of crack of Wheel Fatigue process, therefore the present invention is set
Fixed Si content is 0.020%~0.080%.
Manganese: manganese is to improve intensity and the most effective element of toughness, proposes the hardness and strength of ferrite and austenite in steel
It is high；Critical transition temperature in steel is reduced, plays the role of refining pearlite, also improves the work of pearlitic steel intensity indirectly
With；But the violent of volume is added, can have an adverse effect to the component segregation of product；It is simultaneously also to improve weld crack sensitivity system
Several elements.Therefore manganese content is limited to 0.13~0.43% range.
Phosphorus: in order to avoid P elements deteriorate the cold stamping forming property, toughness, fatigue behaviour of material, it is set
Upper content limit is 0.006%, so by the control of its content below 0.006%.
Sulphur: sulphur is very harmful element.Sulphur in steel often exists with the oxide morphology of manganese, this sulphide inculsion pair
The fatigue behaviour of steel is unfavorable, need to control sulfur content in steel more lower better.Therefore, sulfur content control in steel is existed
0.005% or less
Aluminium: being added a small amount of aluminium, can refine crystal grain, improves impact flexibility, it is strong oxygen that aluminium, which can also play the role of deoxidation,
The property changed formation element, He Gangzhong oxygen form Al2O3It is removed in steel-making.Aluminium is excessively high to be will form the excessive Al heart and is mingled with, and the Al heart is mingled with
Rim for automobile wheel steel fatigue behaviour is damaged greatly, rim for automobile wheel, which must be mingled with the Al heart with steel, to be controlled.Therefore, this hair
The bright Al content that limits is 0.033%~0.063%.
Oxygen, nitrogen: strict control element seriously affects rim for automobile wheel use to hot-rolled steel coiled sheet tissue, performance and its unfavorable
Steel bursts rate and micro-crack rate.Therefore, the present invention limits oxygen content O :≤0.0020%, nitrogen content N :≤0.0035%.
It is required according to the characteristics of finished-product material, why the ingredient and content of clinker is carried out during LF external refining
Control, and make its basicity in R:3.5~4.0.During LF external refining, influence of the basicity to sulfur partition ratio is the brightest
It is aobvious, and have a great impact to the viscosity of slag.Basicity R value is controlled, the desulphurizing ability for improving clinker is conducive to, it can be more effective
Carry out desulfurization, improve the application performances such as the mechanics of material, but can make slag have reasonable viscosity, improve effective appearance of ladle
Product reduces damage of the souring to ladle liner, reduces production cost, increase production efficiency and benefit.
RH furnace is vacuum-treated: vacuum degree≤6.5KPa, recycles pure degassing time not less than 10 minutes, vacuum time is not less than
15min.Calcium treatment is carried out after trimming, every furnace molten steel feeds 600~800g/t of Si-Ca line by weight, feeds rate control
It is since recovery rate of the silicon-calcium wire line feeding rate to silicon-calcium wire has a great impact, Calcium treatment can change in 250~300m/min
Kind steel, Calcium treatment make Al2O3It is changed into low melting point 12CaOAl2O3, accelerate to be mingled with floating, reduce Al2O3It is mingled with, and
Make Al2O3Become that spherical aluminium calciate is indeformable to be mingled with from string-like；Calcium treatment makes sulfide (FeS, MnS) be changed into spherical CaS,
To which steel plate impact flexibility greatly improves, anisotropy is greatly improved；Calcium treatment can also improve the mixed casting performance of molten steel,
Prevent middle packet stopper and submersed nozzle by Al2O3It is mingled with blocking.To reduce production cost, increase economic efficiency.
Sheet billet continuous casting: using anti-crack plate blank protecting slag, and continuous casting secondary cooling system uses weak cold mode to prevent slab
It is cracked when casting；Tundish temperature control is at 1555 ± 30 DEG C, and casting speed control is in 1.25 ± 0.3m/min, wherein sheet billet continuous casting
Using whole process protection casting process, crystallizer uses electromagnetic agitation (M-EMS) technology, wheel Steel material currently in use,
All without using M-EMS (M-EMS) technology, there are many restrictions on the service performance of material, so as to cause material
It is impossible to meet harsh service condition requirements for material, are restricted so as to cause the further genralrlization use of material.This hair
It is bright to be tested by numerous studies, show that the overheat of molten steel can be greatly reduced using M-EMS (M-EMS) technology
Degree shortens setting time, to generate wide and thin isometric crystalline region, makes solidification front forced convertion, smashes the tree of solidification front
Dendrite, the fragment refuse of dendrite, reduces liquid steel temperature, increases equiax crystal core, has blocked column crystal forward position
Development, forms roomy isometric crystalline region.The agitation of molten steel reduces the temperature gradient of wick-containing ecto-entad, and surrounding crystallization is uniform
Development, to improve the equiaxial crystal ratio on casting blank section, is uniformly distributed segregation element, solute element is avoided to gather, finally change
The segregation of kind slab improves the comprehensive service performance such as shock resistance of material.
Slab computer heating control: cold base shove charge, pre-add hot arc temperature add in 450~550 DEG C, 35~40min of preheating time, one
Hot arc temperature 40~45min between 850~950 DEG C, an added-time, two bringing-up section temperature are 50 between 1080~1180 DEG C, two added-time
~60min, soaking section temperature is at 1160~1200 DEG C；Soaking time 30~45min, total heating time control 155~
190min, with the base temperature difference≤30 DEG C, board briquette is uniform, and element is sufficiently dissolved, and the thickness of the effectively raw iron scale of control furnace
With quantity, be conducive to obtain the product material of excellent surface quality.
Why the present invention after the first passage of finish rolling carries out high-pressure water descaling again: being the master due to being formed in continuous tunnel furnace
If by Fe3O4The once oxidation iron sheet of composition can be removed by the descaling mill of the vertical miller entrance side before roughing mill, therefore be set
Determine roughing de-scaling and be no less than five passages, in heat preservation rollgang and between the roller-way and the descaling mill of finishing mill, still can
A large amount of secondary oxidation iron sheet is generated, mainly by Fe2O3、Fe3O4Composition, can be removed, therefore set by the descaling mill before finishing mill
Descaling header unlatching number is no less than two before determining finish rolling, and generates three times in finishing mill De-scaling box between finish rolling finish to gauge rack
Iron scale is relatively difficult to, and FeO content is high in the iron scale especially generated between de-scaling point and F3 rack, therefore
De-scaling mode after F1 rack is devised, the effect of de-scaling is ensured by de-scaling after F1 rack, and reach by F1 rack de-scaling water
To the control into finish rolling plate face temperature, the generation of iron scale three times is reduced, so that better material surface quality is obtained, and by
The effect of de-scaling after F1 rack, reduces the attrition in the operation of rolling to roller surface, so as to the table to steel plate
Surface roughness carries out good control.
Why the present invention controls finish rolling finishing temperature control at 790~830 DEG C, is the shape due in hot procedure
Become final temperature to have a major impact the tissue of steel, deformation final temperature is higher, and the tendentiousness of crystal grain agglomeration is just stronger, institute
Obtained austenite grain is also just coarseer, therefore should reduce deformation final temperature when becoming a useful person as far as possible, but be generally not less than
Ar3 is refined crystal grain by controlled rolling and controlled cooling means and improves product quality, and by finishing temperature control 790~
830 DEG C, be to be adapted to rolling rhythm, fast speed rolling reduces the generation of iron scale three times, obtains the production of great surface quality
Product.
Section cooling, by the way of leading portion ultra-rapid cooling, cooling velocity is 140~180 DEG C/s.The increase of cooling rate,
Ar3 can be made to reduce, phase change core increases, and the crystal grain-growth after phase transformation is suppressed, and therefore, F crystal grain is fined, and is played to material
The effect of refined crystalline strengthening.
Why the present invention controls coiling temperature at 500~530 DEG C, is by researching and analysing, scale structure is divided into
Three layers, ferrous oxide (FeO) is closest to that layer of iron, and when temperature is lower than 570 DEG C, ferrous oxide (FeO) is in unstable shape
State, the content with the increase ferrous oxide (FeO) of surface of steel plate temperature increase, and temperature is higher than 700 DEG C, ferrous oxide (FeO)
Content in iron scale reaches 95%；Ferroso-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) be iron scale middle layer, temperature be lower than 500 DEG C
When, iron scale is only by ferroso-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) single phase composition, temperature is higher than 700 DEG C, ferroso-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) in
Ferrous oxide (FeO) is initially formed, and at very high temperatures, ferroso-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) only account for the 4% of iron scale.Four oxygen
Change three-iron (Fe3O4) it is a kind of harder, more wear resistant phase；Iron oxide (Fe2O3) it is in the outermost layer of iron scale, usually exist
Exist under high temperature, generally only accounts for the 1% of iron scale thickness.So the present invention passes through many experiments and analysis and research, it is determined
Coiling temperature not only contributes to further be formed on the surface of the material in this way loose based on FeO structure at 550~590 DEG C
Iron scale, and iron scale thickness is reduced, be conducive to following process using the removal to material surface iron scale, thus
Plate surface quality is improved, improves the surface quality of product, and energy consumption can also be reduced.And prior art oiler temperature control is
630~650 DEG C, higher temperature causes iron scale thickness to increase considerably, and material following process is made to become more difficult,
And increase human cost, process cost and facility load, the surface quality of material with iron scale thickness increase and
It is difficult to remove and be deteriorated, surface quality risk increases, and the difficulty of excessively high coiling temperature and subsequent handling increases, and results in
The increase of energy consumption.
Smooth: whole power is set as 1.5%~2.0%, can expand the plastic deformation regime of material, eliminates the surrender of material
Platform prevents from generating skid wire when cold forming.Simultaneously, it is ensured that material adjusts material along the uniformity of rolling direction elongation
Plate shape and surface quality, be conducive to improve material forming property.Metallographic structure of the invention is ferrite+pearlite, iron
Ferritic grain size is 9.5 grades.
Compared with prior art, the present invention not only guaranteeing thickness specification in 16mm, material lower yield strength >=210MPa resists
300~420MPa of tensile strength, elongation percentage A50>=45%, Impact energy Ak v >=200J under the conditions of -20 DEG C, material after flash butt welding,
When lateral 180 ° of cold bending experiments of sample, Bend diameter d=0a is qualified, under the premise of hole expansibility >=75%, makes inner tube-free wheel wheel
Rim cold forming precision is high, and qualification rate improves at least 5%, and production cost, which reduces, is not less than 8%.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is metallographic structure figure of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below:
Table 1 is the comparative example of various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example；
Table 2 is the main technologic parameters list of various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example；
Table 3 is various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example performance text list；
Table 4 is ingredient and the weight percent content situation list of various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example clinker.
Various embodiments of the present invention produce according to the following steps:
1) enter LF furnace after converter smelting and carry out external refining, and use and blow in LF furnace progress external refining overall process
Argon stirring；
2) RH application of vacuum is carried out；At the end of control is vacuum-treated, P≤0.008% in molten steel, S≤0.005%, very
The time is managed not less than 15min in vacancy；Calcium treatment is carried out after trimming, Si-Ca line is fed according to 600~800g/ tons of steel, feeds
Enter rate control in 250~300m/min；
3) it is casting continuously to form base to heat slab, heating and temperature control is at 1160~1200 DEG C；
4) roughing is carried out, and control it to terminate temperature at 1020~1060 DEG C；
5) finish rolling is carried out, and controls finishing temperature at 790~830 DEG C；
6) ultra-rapid cooling is carried out, is cooled to coiling temperature in the case where cooling velocity is 140~180 DEG C/s；
7) batched: control coiling temperature is at 490~530 DEG C；
8) smooth: smooth power is set as 1.5%~2.0%.
The chemical component list (wt%) of 1 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example
The main technologic parameters list of 2 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example
Mechanics properties testing the results list of 3 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example
The ingredient and content situation list (wt%) of 4 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example clinker
From table 3 it can be seen that material of the present invention is matched with good mechanical property, processing ductility is good, low temperature
Impact property and reaming flange are had excellent performance, and the processed and applied performance for completing can satisfy think gauge tubeless rim will be with military service
Service performance requirement.Scene is produced and used in client, tracking statistical analysis discovery uses the material production production wheel that this law is bright
Wheel rim, the precision of part is high after cold forming, and qualification rate at least improves 5% relative to the material of early period, and since processing is qualified
The raising of rate compares the production cost of early period according to statistical analysis, at least will be low using the production cost of the bright material of this law
8%.
Above-described embodiment is only the best example, rather than a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel, component and weight percent content are as follows: C:0.033~
0.073%, Si:0.020~0.080%, Mn:0.13~0.43%, P :≤0.008%, S :≤0.005%, O :≤0.0020%, N :≤
0.0035%, Als:0.033~0.063%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. producing a kind of method of the cold forming as described in claim 1 with 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel, step:
1) enter LF furnace after converter smelting and carry out external refining, and carry out external refining overall process in LF furnace and use Argon
Stirring；
2) RH application of vacuum is carried out；At the end of control is vacuum-treated, P≤0.008% in molten steel, S≤0.005% is vacuum-treated
Time is not less than 15min；Calcium treatment is carried out after trimming, feeds Si-Ca line, feeding speed according to 600~800g/ tons of steel
Rate is controlled in 250~300m/min；
3) it is casting continuously to form base to heat slab, heating and temperature control is at 1160 ~ 1200 DEG C；
4) roughing is carried out, and control it to terminate temperature at 1020 ~ 1060 DEG C；
5) finish rolling is carried out, and controls finishing temperature at 790 ~ 830 DEG C；
6) ultra-rapid cooling is carried out, is cooled to coiling temperature in the case where cooling velocity is 140~180 DEG C/s；
7) batched: control coiling temperature is at 490~530 DEG C；
8) smooth: smooth power is set as 1.5%~2.0%.
3. producing a kind of method of cold forming 16mm thickness tubeless rim steel as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: LF
The ingredient and weight percent content of Slag Regime In Conditions of Out-of-furnace Steel Treatment are as follows: CaO:45%~50%, Al2O3: 22%~26%,
MgO:8%~10%, SiO2: 11%~14%, TFe < 0.7%；And the basicity of clinker is controlled in R:3.5~4.0.
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