CN109787671A - A kind of special mixed-beam forming device structured the formation and method - Google Patents
A kind of special mixed-beam forming device structured the formation and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of special mixed-beam forming device structured the formation, and solves the problems, such as that existing mixed-beam forming computation complexity is high and time-varying characteristics are poor.The device includes a set of N array element array antenna, and is M L array element submatrix by special model split of structuring the formation, and each submatrix is corresponding with a radio frequency-intermediate frequency-base band signal process channel.The L array element of each submatrix receive signal through RF phase shifter, merge into a signal after be sent to its corresponding channel, M baseband complex signal of output carries out adaptive digital beamforming, its weighted vector is adaptively after iteration optimization, both it is used for digital beam-forming, simultaneously for calculating the best phase shift value of each radio-frequency phase shifter in submatrix, to realize that mixed-beam shapes.The gain raising amount of its formed wave beam is approximately equal to N times, and its hardware complexity reduces L times than digital beam forming, and computation complexity is shaped than conventional mixed-beam reduces manyfold；There is important practical value in wideband satellite communication and earth-space communication.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fields of communication technology, are related to large scale array antenna and receive signal processing, specifically a kind of
Mixed-beam manufacturing process based on particular array layout type Yu submatrix column split, applied to connecing for the fairly large array of composition
It receives and transmission antenna system.
Background technique
With the development of array antenna technique, the large scale array antenna that can get high-gain is received significant attention, however
With the expansion of array antenna scale, the hardware device complexity of pure digi-tal beam-forming method may be very high, so that making us
It can not receive, mixed-beam forming is the effective ways for solving the problems, such as this.
Chinese invention patent (application publication number CN 105206934A) disclose a kind of phased array receiving antenna system and its
Operation method, phased array receiving antenna system include the multiple signal receiving units for receiving signal, the multiple signals reception lists of connection
Power combiner device, the connection power combiner device of member calculate the power calculation unit of output power value, connect power calculation unit
Adaptive beamforming module, the phase shift value that adaptive beamforming module is calculated are input to signal receiving unit, so that
Antenna beam is directed toward arrival bearing.The phased array receiving antenna system that the invention provides is estimated defeated with wave beam by adaptive DOA
Function out solves the problems, such as that phased array antenna must be in conjunction with operation of receiver, and receiver independent operating, cost can be detached from by having
Low advantage.But since the performance number after power combiner device can only be obtained, and original received signal can not be obtained, work as array scale
When expansion, the invention parallel stochastic gradient descent method, constringency performance randomness is larger, and DOA estimated accuracy is lower.
Document " using the Research of wireless communication systems and design of smart antenna array " (Xian Electronics Science and Technology University's doctorate
Authors of Science Articles: Chen Jie) in propose a kind of digital microwave beam switchover suitable for planar array antenna and digital bea mforming
Co-ordinative construction and algorithm, radiofrequency signal are completed the switching of pitching face microwave beam by digital microwave phase-shift system, are believed using number
Number processing technique forms level numeral wave beam.This method switches microwave beam to be combined with digital bea mforming, is reduced hard
Part cost, but it is only applicable to planar array, and beam forming is carried out to pitch angle and deflection respectively, computation complexity is higher.
Mixed-beam manufacturing process has and obtains higher gain using less radio-frequency channel, makes hardware cost substantially
The advantages of degree reduces, is applicable not only to large scale array antenna, and the cost of the array antenna system not very big for scale reduces
Also there is important practical value.Such as: for realizing " communication in moving " user antenna in broadband satellite mobile communication, or it is used for broadband
The earth station antenna of multiple aircraft targets can be quickly tracked in earth-space communication.
A kind of mixed-beam formation system organization plan how is designed, meter is effectively reduced on the basis of controlling hardware cost
Complexity is calculated, is a critical problem and main effort target of the invention.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of mixed-beams based on particular array layout type and subarray group technology into shape dress
It sets and method；It can be calculated and be obtained by simple power side by digital beam-forming weight according to array elements relative position
Analog beam forming weight can make beam forming obtain complete ARRAY PROCESSING gain, and its computation complexity is very low, is applicable in
In all types of Array Models, main algorithm is steepest gradient climbing adaptive iteration algorithm.
1. receiving end mixed-beam shapes:
The mixed-beam forming device that the present invention uses, receiving end include the array antenna of a set of N array element, N number of radio frequency
Phase shifter, M radio frequency, intermediate frequency and base band signal process channel, M generates the quadrature down converter of base band complex digital signal and adopts
Sample quantized signal processing unit, an adaptive beamforming computing unit.
The signal processing method and steps are as follows that receiving end mixed-beam shapes:
(1-1) N array element array antenna is divided into M subarray, L array element of each subarray, and N number of array element receives far respectively
Field signal.
After corresponding radio-frequency phase shifter, L array element of same subarray connects (1-2) N number of array element received signal
A number merging of collecting mail is transmitted to a radio frequency reception channel.
(1-3) M subarray radiofrequency signal obtained corresponds to M radio frequency, intermediate frequency and base band signal process channel, respectively
Sample quantization is carried out through quadrature down converter and analog-digital converter, obtains M roadbed band complex digital signal X (k)=[X1(k),X2
(k)...,XM(k)]T, and the input signal as adaptive beamforming computing unit.
(1-4) adaptive beamforming computing unit ties up input signal according to M, to digital beam forming weight vector W (k)
=[w1(k),w2(k),…,wM(k)] it is iterated update, digital beam-forming weight vector W (k+1)=[w after being updated1(k
+1),w2(k+1),…,wM(k+1)], for synthesizing beam forming output signal.
(1-5) combines special rule of structuring the formation, and ties up subarray mould to L using digital beam-forming weight vector W (k+1) after update
Quasi- beam forming weight vectorIt is updated, it is corresponding to change radio-frequency phase shifter phase shift ginseng
Number, wherein each subarray corresponding position analog beam forming weight is identical.
2. transmitting terminal mixed-beam shapes:
The transmitting terminal of mixed-beam forming device shares the array day of a set of N array element with receiving end by duplexing coupler
Line and corresponding N number of radio-frequency phase shifter；Transmitting terminal further includes M transmission signal processing channel.
The signal processing method and steps are as follows that transmitting terminal mixed-beam shapes:
(2-1) is by the obtained M dimension word beam forming weight vector W (k) of receiving end adaptive iteration and to be sent
Baseband complex signal u (k) is multiplied, and obtains M dimension baseband complex signal V (k)=W (k)HU (k), wherein V (k) is expressed as V (k)=[v1
(k),v2(k)...,vM(k)]T。
(2-2) is by vector V (k)=[v1(k),v2(k)...,vM(k)] M component is sent to respectively at M transmission signal
The input terminal in channel is managed, after baseband complex signal is carried out quadrature carrier modulation by each channel, then passes through the power splitter of a 1:L,
Respectively L radiofrequency signal of output, total N number of radiofrequency signal.
(2-3) N number of radiofrequency signal is connected by N number of duplexing coupler with radio-frequency phase shifter, is sent out by N number of bay
It penetrates；Wherein phase value is formed in receive process in radio-frequency phase shifter.
3. the particular topology method of aerial array
Array antenna array layout mode in the device has a characteristic that with subarray group technology
(3-1) subarray number is not less than element number of array in each subarray；
(3-2) each subarray element number of array is identical and array element layout is identical；
(3-3) each subarray central point layout is similar to array element layout each in subarray.
4. realizing the method that two kinds of beam forming parameter iterations update using feature of structuring the formation
Beam-forming method of the invention is a kind of mixing based on particular array layout type Yu subarray group technology
Beam-forming method, steps are as follows for signal processing:
(4-1) array antenna received signals:
Assuming that incoming signal is far field narrow band signal, the N number of array element of array antenna receives incoming signal respectively, and each array element connects
Because wave path-difference generates relative delay, array received signal is X (t) for the collection of letters number；
(4-2) iteration ordinal number, analog beam forming weight and digital beam-forming weight initialization:
The initialization of (4-2a) iteration ordinal number, k=1；
It is arrival bearing φ that initial beam forming weight, which is arranged, in (4-2b)dSteering vector value at=90 °, i.e.,
Initial L ties up sub-array analog beam forming weight vector are as follows:
Initial M dimension word beam forming weight vector are as follows:
W (k)=[w1(k),w2(k),…,wM(k)] | k=1=[1,1 ..., 1]；
Wherein N=ML, N are array antenna element number of array, and M is array antenna radio frequency link number, i.e. subarray number, L
For element number of array in subarray；Each subarray corresponding position analog beam forming weight is consistent；According to analog beam forming weight
N number of analog phase shifter parameter is arranged in vector；
(4-3) obtains digital sampled signal:
Signal is received to the subarray after simulation phase shift summation by the corresponding converter of each subarray to adopt
Sample obtains digital sampled signal vector Xd(k)；
The output of (4-4) computing array:
Array output is that each subarray digital sampled signal presses the weighted sum of digital beam-forming weight, i.e. array exports
Are as follows: y (k)=W (k) X (k), wherein y (k) is mixed-beam forming output, and W (k) is digital beam-forming weighted vector, Xd
It (k) is digital sampled signal vector；
(4-5) updates digital beam-forming weight:
Judge whether to meet iteration cut-off condition, enable W (k+1)=W (k) if meeting, otherwise using with Filters with Magnitude Constraints
Adaptive digital beamforming method iteration update digital beam-forming weight；Digital beam-forming weight W after being updated
(k+1)=[w1(k+1),w2(k+1),…,wM(k+1)], wherein | wi(k+1) |=1, i=1:M；
(4-6) updates analog beam forming weight:
Analog beam forming weight and digital beam-forming weight relationship are determined according to array layout, according to updated number
Word beam forming weight calculating simulation beam forming weight
Wherein dsubIndicate each array element interval of subarray, dDIt indicates each subarray central point interval, correspondingly changes radio frequency
The phase shifting parameter of phase shifter；
(4-7) changes iteration ordinal number k=k+1, turns to step (4-3).
Good effect-compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
1. can get the gain close to pure digi-tal beam forming: the mixed-beam manufacturing process that the present invention uses can get and connect
The gain of nearly pure digi-tal beam forming, beam main lobe can precisely align incoming signal.
2. hardware cost is low: the present invention is shaped in such a way that digital beam-forming combines using analog beam, only needs M item
Radio frequency link and N number of radio-frequency phase shifter reduce the number of radio frequency and base band signal process channel, including converter number,
Reduce hardware cost.
3. computation complexity is low: the present invention according to array element be laid out analog beam forming weight vector and digital beam at
The relationship of shape weighted vector only need to can calculate analog wave by digital beam-forming weighted vector by simple power operation
Beam shaping weighted vector, and look-up table realization can be used in hardware realization for power operation, therefore its computation complexity is equivalent to M times
The computation complexity of first digital beam forming method.
4. being suitable for all types of array element models: mixed-beam manufacturing process of the present invention can be applied to even linear array mould
Type, face battle array model, the various Array Models such as circle battle array model only need array layout to meet These characteristics.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is N array element even linear array Array Model schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is N array element uniform circular array Array Model schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is the method for the present invention flow chart
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Referring to attached drawing 1, the mixed-beam forming device that the present invention uses, receiving end includes the array day of a set of N array element
Line, N number of radio-frequency phase shifter, M radio frequency, intermediate frequency and base band signal process channel, M quadrature down converter and sample quantization signal
Processing unit, an adaptive beamforming computing unit.Steps are as follows for its signal processing:
Step 1: N array element array antenna is divided into M subarray, L array element of each subarray, and N number of array element receives respectively
Far-field signal.
Step 2: N number of array element received signal is after corresponding radio-frequency phase shifter, L array element of same subarray
It receives signal merging and is transmitted to a radio frequency reception channel.
Step 3: M subarray radiofrequency signal obtained corresponds to M radio frequency, intermediate frequency and base band signal process channel, point
Sample quantization is not carried out through quadrature down converter and analog-digital converter, obtains M roadbed band complex digital signal X (k), and as adaptive
Answer the input signal of beam forming computing unit.
Step 4: adaptive beamforming computing unit ties up input signal according to M, swears to M dimension word beam forming weight
Amount W (k) is iterated update, digital beam-forming weight vector W (k+1) after being updated, for synthesizing beam forming output letter
Number.
Step 5: in conjunction with special rule of structuring the formation, subarray is tieed up to L using digital beam-forming weight vector W (k+1) after update
Analog beam forming weight vector F (k) is updated, corresponding to change radio-frequency phase shifter phase shifting parameter, wherein each subarray pair
Answer position analog beam forming weight identical.
The transmitting terminal of mixed-beam forming device and receiving end share the array day of a set of N array element by duplexing coupler
Line and corresponding N number of radio-frequency phase shifter.Transmitting terminal further includes M transmission signal processing channel, and signal processing can divide
For following steps:
Step 1: by the obtained M dimension word beam forming weight vector W (k) of receiving end adaptive iteration with it is to be sent
Baseband complex signal u (k) be multiplied, obtain M dimension baseband complex signal V (k)=W (k)H·u(k)。
Step 2: by the M component of vector V (k), it is sent to the input terminal of M transmission signal processing channel, Mei Getong respectively
After baseband complex signal is carried out quadrature carrier modulation by road, through 1:L power splitter, L radiofrequency signal is respectively exported, altogether N number of radiofrequency signal.
Step 3: N number of radiofrequency signal is connected by N number of duplexing coupler with radio-frequency phase shifter, is carried out by N number of bay
Transmitting；Wherein phase value is formed in receive process in radio-frequency phase shifter.
Array layout mode of the present invention has a characteristic that with subarray group technology
A) subarray number is not less than element number of array in each subarray
B) each subarray element number of array is identical and array element layout is identical
C) each subarray central point layout is similar to array element layout each in subarray
Below by two embodiments, in conjunction with attached drawing, to array layout mode of the present invention and subarray group technology
It is described further.
Embodiment 1:N array element even linear array is divided into M subarray, and each subarray includes L array element, and has L≤M, battle array
Column model schematic is as shown in Fig. 2.Wherein d is array element interval, generally takes the half-wavelength of incoming signal.M son in the model
Array is equivalent to the L array element even linear array that M times of d is divided between M array element, and subarray central point can be equivalent to be divided into the M of d between array element
Array element even linear array.According to array antenna steering vector calculation formula, sub-array analog beam forming weight vector F ∈ CL×1With
Digital beam-forming weighted vector W ∈ CM×1Relationship are as follows:
Embodiment 2: for N array element circle battle array model, being divided into M subarray, and submatrix is classified as M array element circle battle array (N=M × M), with
25 array elements justify battle array, and for 5 RF links, Array Model schematic diagram is as shown in Fig. 3.Wherein, the identical array element of marker graphic is
The same subarray is equivalent to be divided into the five array elements circle battle array of 3 times of half-wavelengths between five array elements, and central point is equivalent to an array element
Between be divided into half-wavelength five array elements circle battle array.By array antenna steering vector calculation formula, under such Array Model, sub-array analog
Beam forming weight vector F ∈ CM×1With digital beam-forming weighted vector W ∈ CM×1Relationship are as follows:
Referring to attached drawing 3, the mixed-beam based on particular array layout type Yu subarray group technology that the present invention uses
Manufacturing process, the method steps are as follows:
Step 1, array antenna received signals.
Assuming that incoming signal is far field narrow band signal, each array element of array antenna receives incoming signal, each array element respectively
Signal is received because wave path-difference generates relative delay, array received signal X (t) may be expressed as:
X (t)=a (φd)s(t)+n(t)
Wherein, X (t) ∈ CN×1Indicate the reception signal phasor of N number of array element, a (φd)∈CN×1Indicate array antenna guiding
Vector, φdIndicate that incoming signal arrival bearing, s (t) indicate far field narrowband incoming signal, n (t) ∈ CN×1Indicate N number of array element
Noise vector, the noise of each array element are mutually independent white Gaussian noise.
Step 2, iteration ordinal number, analog beam forming weight and digital beam-forming weight initialization.
Iteration ordinal number is initialized, k=1 is enabled；
Setting initial beam forming weight is arrival bearing φdSteering vector value at=90 °, it may be assumed that
Initial L ties up sub-array analog beam forming weight vector are as follows:
Initial M dimension word beam forming weight vector are as follows:
W (k)=[w1(k),w2(k),…,wM(k)] | k=1=[1,1 ..., 1]；
Wherein N=ML, N are array antenna element number of array, and M is array antenna radio frequency link number, i.e. subarray number, L
For element number of array in subarray；Each subarray corresponding position analog beam forming weight is consistent；
According to analog beam forming weight vector, N number of radio-frequency phase shifter parameter is set；
Step 3 obtains digital sampled signal.
Signal is received to the subarray after simulation phase shift summation by the corresponding converter of each subarray to adopt
Sample obtains digital sampled signal vector Xd(k)=[Xd1(k),Xd2(k),...,XdM(k)]T。
Step 4, computing array output.
Array output is that each subarray digital sampled signal presses the weighted sum of digital beam-forming weight, i.e. array exports
Are as follows: y (k)=W (k) Xd(k), wherein y (k) is mixed-beam forming output, and W (k) is 1 × M dimension word beam forming weight
Vector, XdIt (k) is the dimension word of M × 1 sampled signal vector.
Step 5 updates digital beam-forming weight.
Judge whether to meet iteration cut-off condition, enable W (k+1)=W (k) if meeting, otherwise using with Filters with Magnitude Constraints
Adaptive digital beamforming method iteration update digital beam-forming weight, digital beam-forming weight W after being updated
(k+1)=[w1(k+1),w2(k+1),…,wM(k+1)], wherein | wi(k+1) |=1, i=1:M；
Step 6 updates analog beam forming weight.
Analog beam forming weight and digital beam-forming weight relationship are determined according to array layout, according to updated number
Word beam forming weight calculating simulation beam forming weight
Wherein, dsubIndicate each array element interval of subarray, dDIndicate each subarray central point interval, correspondingly change is penetrated
The phase shifting parameter of frequency phase shifter.
Step 7 changes iteration ordinal number k=k+1, turns to step 3.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of special mixed-beam forming device structured the formation, it is characterised in that:
1) receiving end includes the array antenna of a set of N array element, N number of radio-frequency phase shifter, at M radio frequency, intermediate frequency and baseband signal
Manage channel, the quadrature down converter and sample quantization signal processing unit, an adaptive wave of M generation base band complex digital signal
Beam shaping computing unit；N number of bay and its phase shifter are divided into M antenna submatrix for respectively having L array element and phase shifter
(N=ML), L array element of each submatrix receives signal, merges into one after RF phase shifter respectively, is sent to M radio frequency, intermediate frequency
And one of base band signal process channel, M base band complex digital letter is obtained through quadrature down converter and analog-digital converter sample quantization
Number；Thereafter steps are as follows for signal processing:
M baseband complex signal of such gained is expressed as vector X (k)=[X by (1a)1(k),X2(k)...,XM(k)]T, it is sent to adaptive
Answer beam forming computing unit；
(1b) is in the unit to weight vector W (k) used in digital beam-forming=[w1(k),w2(k),…,wM(k)] it carries out adaptive
Iteration is answered to update；
(1c), using obtained weight vector W (k) and special rule of structuring the formation, calculates each submatrix analog wave in the unit
L RF phase shifter value, i.e. vector used in beam shapingL element；
(1d) carries out mixed-beam forming in the unit: the L phase value of F (k) is sent to N number of penetrate according to Subarray partition rule
Weight vector W (k) is multiplied with reception signal X (k) obtained by M channel, obtains the output signal of mixed-beam forming by frequency phase shifter
Y (k)=W (k) X (k)；
2) transmitting terminal and receiving end share the array antenna of a set of N array element by duplexing coupler and corresponding N number of radio frequency move
Phase device；Transmitting terminal further includes having M transmission signal processing channel, and baseband complex signal is carried out quadrature carrier modulation by each channel
Afterwards, through 1:L power splitter, L radiofrequency signal is respectively exported；Its output signal is connected to N number of radio-frequency phase shifter through duplexing coupler, by
N number of array element transmitting；Steps are as follows for the signal processing of the mixed-beam forming of transmitting terminal:
Adaptive iteration obtained weight vector W (k) in receiving end is multiplied by (2a) with baseband complex signal u (k) to be sent, obtains
V (k)=W (k)HU (k), wherein V (k) is expressed as V (k)=[v1(k),v2(k)...,vM(k)]；
(2b) is by vector V (k)=[v1(k),v2(k)...,vM(k)] it is logical to be sent to M transmission signal processing respectively for M component
The input terminal in road, each channel respectively export L radiofrequency signal, altogether N number of radiofrequency signal through 1:L power splitter, pass through N number of duplexing coupling
Clutch is connected with radio-frequency phase shifter, is emitted by N number of bay；Wherein in radio-frequency phase shifter phase value in receive process
Middle formation.
2. array antenna mixed-beam forming device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the N array element array
Antenna array layout mode has a characteristic that with subarray group technology
(1) subarray number is not less than element number of array, i.e. M >=L in subarray；
(2) each subarray element number of array L is identical, and array element layout is identical；
(3) layout of each subarray central point is similar to array element layout each in subarray.
3. a kind of mixed-beam manufacturing process based on special mode of structuring the formation, includes the following steps:
(1) beam forming weight vector initializes:
L ties up the initialization of sub-array analog beam forming weight vector:
The phase shift vector of M dimension word beam forming initializes:
W (k)=[w1(k),w2(k),…,wM(k)] | k=1=[1,1 ..., 1]；
Wherein N=ML, N are array antenna element number of array, and M is array antenna radio frequency link number, i.e. subarray number, and L is son
Element number of array in array；Each subarray corresponding position analog beam forming weight is consistent；
(2) at the k moment, signal phasor is received for the M sample quantization signal composition of input:
X (k)=[X1(k),X2(k)...,XM(k)]T
Corresponding output signal y (k)=W (k) X (k)；
(3) digital beam-forming phase shift after being updated using the adaptive digital beamforming method iteration with Filters with Magnitude Constraints
Vector
W (k+1)=[w1(k+1),w2(k+1),…,wM(k+1)]
Wherein | wi(k+1) |=1, i=1:M；
(4) according to array layout mode and update after digital beam-forming phase shift vector W (k+1), calculate update analog beam at
The weighted vector F (k+1) of shape:
Wherein dsubIndicate each array element interval of subarray, dDIt indicates each subarray central point interval, correspondingly changes RF phase shifter
The phase shifting parameter of device；
(5) iteration ordinal number is updated, even k → k+1 rear steering (2).
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| CN111628806A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-09-04 | 鹏城实验室 | Antenna beam pointing regulation and control method, device and readable storage medium |
| CN111628806B (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-03-09 | 鹏城实验室 | Antenna beam pointing regulation and control method, device and readable storage medium |
| CN113571874A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-10-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Array antenna and communication equipment |
| CN113571874B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-06-17 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Array antenna and communication equipment |
| CN113114384A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-13 | 上海瀚讯信息技术股份有限公司 | Communication interference elimination device for multi-turn UCA array |
| CN113572503A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Low-complexity improved mixed beam forming method based on GP |
| CN113922853A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-01-11 | 南京慧尔视智能科技有限公司 | Beam forming method, system and equipment of MIMO radar |
| CN113922853B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2024-06-04 | 南京慧尔视智能科技有限公司 | Beamforming method, system and equipment of MIMO radar |
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