CN109787589B - Nanosecond composite shock wave generating device based on vacuum closed environment - Google Patents
Nanosecond composite shock wave generating device based on vacuum closed environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109787589B CN109787589B CN201811489442.1A CN201811489442A CN109787589B CN 109787589 B CN109787589 B CN 109787589B CN 201811489442 A CN201811489442 A CN 201811489442A CN 109787589 B CN109787589 B CN 109787589B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nanosecond composite shock wave generating device based on a vacuum closed environment, which comprises a vacuum closed cavity body, wherein the vacuum closed cavity body is composed of an upper insulating flange, a lower metal flange and an insulating pipe, the air pressure of the vacuum closed cavity body is far lower than the standard air pressure, and an energy storage capacitor, a discharge switch and resistors formed in various shapes are all arranged in the vacuum closed environment, so that on one hand, each element has good insulating and pressure-resistant characteristics, on the other hand, the gap distance of the discharge switch can be further reduced, and because discharge is carried out in the same closed vacuum environment, each element in a nanosecond generating loop can be compactly arranged and a connecting line can be shortened, the increase of the total inductance of the loop caused by the connecting line is further shortened, the connecting line inductance of the loop can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a nanosecond pulse current generating device, and particularly relates to a nanosecond composite shock wave generating device based on a vacuum closed environment.
Background
With the development of the pulse current technology, the pulse current with nanosecond rise time and microsecond long duration becomes a hot point of research. The united states and russia are at an advanced level of research in this area. The well-known pulse technology laboratories in the United states include the national Lawrence Livermore laboratory, the Sandia national laboratory, Maxwell laboratory, Los Alamos laboratory, the naval weapons research center, the university of Texas, and others. Hermes-I pulse devices were built in the United states in 1967; in 1972, an Aurora device was built in the United states, and the pulse experimental facility consists of 4 Marx generators, which has important significance in development history. The russian well-known pulse technology laboratories are the coulter institute, new siberia nuclear physics institute, tom's science amperometry institute, electro-physical equipment institute, liegoff institute, and the like. In 1985, Russia successfully develops an AHrapa-5 pulse generator.
China began the research of the pulse current technology from the 70 s of the 20 th century. China has a plurality of scientific research institutions engaged in the research in the field, and the famous scientific research institutions include the plasma physical research institute of the Chinese academy, the high-energy physical research institute of the Chinese academy, the electrical and technical research institute of the Chinese academy, the Qinghua university, the Huazhong university of science and technology, the Sian university of transportation, the northwest nuclear technology research and the like.
The pulsed current wave duration is typically on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds. The lightning phenomenon in the atmosphere brings great influence to the life of human beings, and the approximate value of the peak time of the current wave of the subsequent short-time lightning stroke in the lightning protection is T1The waveform is approximately equal to 250ns, the wave tail duration is long, and the waveform has the characteristics of short rise time, long duration and the like. The peak time of the short pulse composite shock wave in the electromagnetic environment test method is 100ns, and the half-peak time is about 2.5 mus.
The nanosecond shock wave is generally generated by an RLC second-order circuit, loop inductance is a crucial factor influencing the rise time of pulse current and loop efficiency, the total inductance of the RLC second-order circuit comprises the residual inductance of an energy storage capacitor C, the residual inductance of a waveform forming resistor, the residual inductance of a discharge switch, loop connecting line inductance and the like, and in addition, the composite shock wave has requirements on waveform parameters of voltage and current and also provides a certain requirement on the ratio of a voltage peak value to a current peak value, and how to reduce the equivalent inductance of a shock wave generation loop is a key technology for generating the nanosecond composite shock wave.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nanosecond composite shock wave generating device based on a vacuum closed environment, which reduces the total inductance of a loop and efficiently generates nanosecond composite shock waves.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device based on the vacuum closed environment comprises a vacuum closed cavity, wherein the vacuum closed cavity is composed of an upper insulating flange, a lower metal flange and an insulating pipe, the air pressure of the vacuum closed cavity is far lower than the standard atmospheric pressure, and an energy storage capacitor, a discharge switch, a first waveform forming resistor, a second waveform forming resistor and a third waveform forming resistor are arranged in the vacuum closed cavity; the high-voltage end of the energy storage capacitor is electrically connected with the direct-current high-voltage charging end through a first insulating sleeve, and the low-voltage end of the direct-current high-voltage charging power supply is connected with the lower metal flange and is connected with reference ground; the low-voltage end of the energy storage capacitor is connected with the lower metal flange; the high-voltage end of the energy storage capacitor is connected with one end of a discharge switch, the other end of the discharge switch is connected with the upper end of a first waveform forming resistor, the lower end of the first waveform forming resistor is electrically connected with the upper ends of a second waveform forming resistor and a third waveform forming resistor respectively, and the lower end of the second waveform forming resistor is connected with a lower metal flange; the upper end of the second waveform forming resistor is also led out of the current output end of the open-circuit current output end of the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device through a third insulating sleeve, and the lower end of the third waveform forming resistor is led out of the current output end of the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device through the second insulating sleeve.
Furthermore, the installation branch of the energy storage capacitor is arranged in parallel with the connection branch of the first waveform forming resistor and the second waveform forming resistor, the two branches are installed as close as possible, and when nanosecond impulse discharge occurs, currents flowing through the two branches are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Furthermore, the energy storage capacitor and the connecting branch of the discharge switch are arranged in parallel with the connecting branch of the first waveform forming resistor and the connecting branch of the second waveform forming resistor, and the energy storage capacitor and the connecting branch of the discharge switch are arranged as close as possible, so that when nanosecond impulse discharge occurs, the currents flowing through the two branches are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Furthermore, the discharge switch is in a surface flashover triggering structure, the discharge switch adopts a flat electrode and comprises an upper electrode, a lower electrode and a triggering electrode, the triggering electrode is coaxially arranged in the lower electrode and is electrically isolated through an insulating isolation medium, and the discharge switch is respectively connected with the upper end of the first waveform forming resistor and the high-voltage end of the energy storage capacitor through an upper guide rod and a lower guide rod.
Further, the edge of the discharge switch flat plate electrode is a round angle with a certain curvature radius.
Further, the air pressure of the vacuum closed cavity is 10-1Pa to 10-5Pa。
The invention relates to a nanosecond composite shock wave generating device based on a vacuum closed environment, which comprises a vacuum closed cavity body, wherein the vacuum closed cavity body is composed of an upper insulating flange, a lower metal flange and an insulating pipe, the air pressure of the vacuum closed cavity body is far lower than the standard atmospheric pressure, and an energy storage capacitor, a discharge switch and various formed resistors are all arranged in the vacuum closed environment, so that on one hand, each element has good insulation and pressure resistance characteristics, on the other hand, the gap distance of the discharge switch can be further reduced, as the discharge is in the same closed vacuum environment, each element in a nanosecond generating loop can be compactly arranged and a connecting line can be shortened, the increase of the total inductance of the loop caused by the connecting line is further shortened, the connecting line inductance of the loop can be reduced.
Further, the installation branch of the energy storage capacitor is arranged in parallel with the connection branch of the first waveform forming resistor and the second waveform forming resistor, and the two branches are installed as close as possible, or the installation branch of the energy storage capacitor is arranged in parallel with the connection branch of the first waveform forming resistor and the second waveform forming resistor, and the two branches are installed as close as possible.
Further, the discharge switch adopts the structure form that has the flashover along the surface and triggers, and the electrode adopts dull and stereotyped electrode and edge all for the fillet that has certain curvature radius for discharge switch both ends have even electric field, and under the condition of certain withstand voltage, nanosecond pulse current is the shortest through the route of switch electrode, and the residual inductance is the minimum.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nanosecond composite shock wave RLC generation circuit according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanosecond composite shock wave generating device according to the invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanosecond composite shock wave generator according to a second embodiment of the invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the discharge switch of the present invention
In the figure: 1-upper insulating flange, 2-lower metal flange, 3-insulating tube, 4-energy storage capacitor, 5-discharge switch, 6-first waveform forming resistor, 7-second waveform forming resistor, 8-third waveform forming resistor, 9-first insulating sleeve, 10-second insulating sleeve, 11-third insulating sleeve, 12-direct current high-voltage charging end, 13-open circuit current output end, 14-current output end, RL load, LC-energy storage capacitor low-voltage end, HC-energy storage capacitor high-voltage end, E1-upper electrode, E2-lower electrode, TE-trigger electrode, ID-insulating isolation medium, S1-upper guide rod and S2-lower guide rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the examples, but without limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a nanosecond composite shockwave generating circuit of the present invention is shown. The circuit comprises an energy storage capacitor 4, a discharge switch 5, an inductor L, a first waveform forming resistor 6, a second waveform forming resistor 7, a third waveform forming resistor 8 and a load RL. The selection method of the loop parameters is described below by taking the short pulse composite shock wave in the method for testing the electromagnetic environment effect of the lightning current system as an example.
The short pulse composite shock wave satisfies the following expression:
i(t)＝Ip(-αe-αt+βe-βt) wherein α is 11354s-1，β＝647265s-1
From this calculation: the pulse composite shock wave is a decay time function of RC, but in practice, the shock wave with the rise time of zero cannot be realized, because the inductance of a generating loop and the connection inductance are objectively present, the peak time of the pulse composite shock wave is 100ns, and the bottom width time of the waveform is 6.4 mus. However, as the inductance of the loop increases, the rising process of the nanosecond composite shock wave becomes slow, and therefore, how to reduce the residual inductance of the composite shock wave generation loop is the key to the generation of the nanosecond composite shock wave.
Referring to fig. 1, when the load presents a high impedance, the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device outputs nanosecond shock voltage waves at both ends of the load, and when the load presents a low impedance state, the current flowing through both ends of the load by the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device is nanosecond shock current waves.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the nanosecond composite shock wave generator according to the present invention includes an upper insulating flange 1, a lower metal flange 2, and an insulating pipe 3, and has a gas pressure of 10-1Pa to 10-5Pa vacuum-tight chamber inAn energy storage capacitor 4, a discharge switch 5, a first waveform forming resistor 6, a second waveform forming resistor 7 and a third waveform forming resistor 8 are arranged in the vacuum closed cavity; the high-voltage end HC of the energy storage capacitor is electrically connected with the direct-current high-voltage charging end 12 through a first insulating sleeve 9, and the low-voltage end of the direct-current high-voltage charging power supply is connected with the lower metal flange 2 and is connected with reference ground; the low-voltage end LC of the energy storage capacitor is connected with the lower metal flange 2; the high-voltage end HC of the energy storage capacitor is connected with the left end of the discharge switch 5, the right end of the discharge switch 5 is connected with the upper end of the first waveform forming resistor 6, the lower end of the first waveform forming resistor 6 is respectively electrically connected with the upper ends of the second waveform forming resistor 7 and the third waveform forming resistor 8, and the lower end of the second waveform forming resistor 7 is connected with the lower metal flange 2; the upper end of the second waveform forming resistor 7 is led out of an open-circuit current output end 13 of the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device through a third insulating sleeve 11, and the lower end of the third waveform forming resistor 8 is led out of a current output end 14 of the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device through a second insulating sleeve 10.
Referring to fig. 4, the discharge switch 5 of the present invention adopts a structure form of a surface-triggered flat plate electrode, including an upper electrode E1, a lower electrode E2 and a trigger electrode TE, the trigger electrode TE is coaxially installed in the lower electrode E2 and is electrically isolated by an insulating isolation medium ID, and the discharge switch 5 is respectively connected with the upper end of the first waveform forming resistor 6 and the high-voltage end HC of the energy storage capacitor through an upper diversion rod S1 and a lower diversion rod S2; in order to reduce the corona discharge phenomenon in the charging process, the edges of the flat plate electrodes of the discharge switch 5 are all in a fillet structure with a certain curvature radius, so that both ends of the discharge switch are provided with uniform electric fields, and the axial distance of the flat plate electrodes is much shorter than the discharge path of the spherical electrode, so that the path of nanosecond impact flowing through the switch electrode is shortest, namely the equivalent inductance of the discharge switch 5 is the smallest.
Referring to fig. 2, the energy storage capacitor 4 is arranged in parallel with and as close as possible to the first wave forming resistor 6 and the second wave forming resistor 7. Referring to fig. 3, alternatively, the energy storage capacitor 4 and the discharge branch of the discharge switch 5 are parallel to the first waveform forming resistor 6 and the second waveform forming resistor 7 and are installed as close as possible; so set up when nanosecond impulse discharge, the electric current that flows through in two branches is the same, opposite direction for mutual induction between two branches strengthens, has offset the self-inductance effect of two branches nearly, thereby makes the total residual inductance volume of compound impulse circuit minimum.
According to the invention, the energy storage capacitor 4, the discharge switch 5, the first waveform forming resistor 6, the second waveform forming resistor 7 and the third waveform forming resistor 8 are all installed in a sealed vacuum environment, so that on one hand, each element has good insulation and voltage resistance characteristics due to excellent vacuum insulation, on the other hand, each element in a nanosecond generating loop can be compactly installed, the increase of the total inductance of the loop caused by wire connection is further shortened, and the generation of nanosecond composite shock waves is facilitated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. Nanosecond composite shock wave generating device based on vacuum closed environment is characterized in that: the vacuum-tight cavity comprises a vacuum-tight cavity body which is composed of an upper insulating flange (1), a lower metal flange (2) and an insulating pipe (3) and has the air pressure far lower than the standard atmospheric pressure, and an energy storage capacitor (4), a discharge switch (5), a first waveform forming resistor (6), a second waveform forming resistor (7) and a third waveform forming resistor (8) are arranged in the vacuum-tight cavity body; the high-voltage end (HC) of the energy storage capacitor is electrically connected with the direct-current high-voltage charging end (12) through a first insulating sleeve (9), and the low-voltage end of a direct-current high-voltage charging power supply is connected with the lower metal flange (2) and is connected with reference ground; the low-voltage end (LC) of the energy storage capacitor is connected with the lower metal flange (2); the high-voltage end (HC) of the energy storage capacitor is connected with one end of a discharge switch (5), the other end of the discharge switch (5) is connected with the upper end of a first waveform forming resistor (6), the lower end of the first waveform forming resistor (6) is respectively electrically connected with the upper ends of a second waveform forming resistor (7) and a third waveform forming resistor (8), and the lower end of the second waveform forming resistor (7) is connected with a lower metal flange (2); the upper end of the second waveform forming resistor (7) is also led out of the open-circuit current output end (13) of the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device through a third insulating sleeve (11), and the lower end of the third waveform forming resistor (8) is led out of the current output end (14) of the nanosecond composite shock wave generating device through a second insulating sleeve (10);
the mounting branch of the energy storage capacitor (4) is arranged in parallel with the connecting branch of the first waveform forming resistor (6) and the second waveform forming resistor (7) and is mounted as close as possible, and currents flowing through the two branches are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction when nanosecond impulse discharge occurs;
or the connecting branch of the energy storage capacitor (4) and the discharge switch (5) is arranged in parallel with the connecting branch of the first waveform forming resistor (6) and the second waveform forming resistor (7) and the connecting branches are arranged as close as possible, and when nanosecond impulse discharge occurs, the currents flowing through the two branches are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the discharge switch (5) is in a surface flashover trigger structure, the discharge switch (5) adopts a flat electrode and comprises an upper electrode (E1), a lower electrode (E2) and a Trigger Electrode (TE), the Trigger Electrode (TE) is coaxially arranged in the lower electrode (E2) and is electrically isolated through an insulating isolation medium (ID), and the discharge switch (5) is connected with the upper end of a first waveform forming resistor (6) and a high-voltage end (HC) of an energy storage capacitor through an upper guide rod (S1) and a lower guide rod (S2).
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the edge of the flat plate electrode of the discharge switch (5) is a fillet with a certain curvature radius.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the air pressure of the vacuum closed cavity is 10-1Pa to 10-5Pa。
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10236355C1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2003-11-13 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Pulse generation device, uses at least one avalanche transistor and associated energy storage capacitor charged from switched current source |
| JP2008154330A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-07-03 | Meidensha Corp | Charger for power capacitor |
| CN201699446U (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-01-05 | 上海奥波电子有限公司 | Charging device based on energy storage capacitor |
| CN204886647U (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-12-16 | 郑攀锋 | Novel electrified way detection module's modularization converter |
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| US8125198B2 (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2012-02-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multi-function modulator for low-powered, wired and wireless command, control, and communications applications |
| CN203104331U (en) * | 2012-12-22 | 2013-07-31 | 复旦大学 | Self-triggering induction cavity and capacitive voltage division-type self-triggering linear voltage transformation drive source |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10236355C1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2003-11-13 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Pulse generation device, uses at least one avalanche transistor and associated energy storage capacitor charged from switched current source |
| JP2008154330A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-07-03 | Meidensha Corp | Charger for power capacitor |
| CN201699446U (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-01-05 | 上海奥波电子有限公司 | Charging device based on energy storage capacitor |
| CN204886647U (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-12-16 | 郑攀锋 | Novel electrified way detection module's modularization converter |
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