CN109787479A - A kind of two-way changing circuit and converter comprising dual resonant cavity - Google Patents
A kind of two-way changing circuit and converter comprising dual resonant cavity Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of two-way changing circuit and converter comprising dual resonant cavity.The circuit includes primary side full bridge inverter, equalizing circuit, resonant cavity and secondary side rectification circuit parallel with one another.The resonant cavity is by series resonance inductor, resonant capacitance and is adapted to the transformer primary side used with the resonant cavity and constitutes.Equalizing circuit is connected in parallel between two transformer secondaries, which ensures that two transformers input same energy, guarantees that two transformers are working properly, fault occurs to prevent wherein some transformer station high-voltage side bus imbalance.Two resonant converters can alleviate the burden of single resonant cavity, reduce the volume of magnetic elements, keep layout more reasonable, be conducive to thermal design, be more advantageous to raising power density.Way traffic of this topology can also improve that devices use rate is higher, be conducive to the volume for reducing converter, improve power utilization density.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to resonant converters, and more particularly to an LLC resonant converter that can operate bi-directionally and is a dual resonant cavity.
Background
At present, with increasing energy demand, development of new energy and improvement of energy utilization rate become more and more important, and various new energy products begin to appear in our lives. The bidirectional DC/DC converter has wide application in micro-grid energy storage systems, electric automobiles and charging piles. The LLC resonant conversion topology in the DC/DC converter is more excellent and has wider practical significance, the advantages of improving the working efficiency, increasing the power density, reducing the operation loss, reducing the electromagnetic interference and the like are achieved, and the LLC resonant conversion topology is favored by engineers in the field of high-end power supplies.
LLC resonant converters have long been a focus of research by academicians and engineers. The resonant converter is a kind of soft switch, and can turn on or off a switching element at a voltage zero or a current zero by using resonance of a circuit, thereby reducing a switching loss. The LLC resonant converter can realize zero voltage conduction of a primary side switching tube and zero current turn-off of a secondary side diode, reduces switching loss, integrates a resonant inductor and an excitation inductor in a transformer, reduces the volume of the transformer, improves power density, adopts frequency modulation control, can ensure that output voltage is not influenced by duty ratio loss, has wider input and output voltage ranges, and can be made into a DC/DC converter capable of operating in both forward and reverse directions, thereby being widely applied and developed in the fields of high frequency and ultrahigh frequency.
As shown in fig. 1, the full-bridge bidirectional single-resonant-cavity LLC resonant converter includes two arms formed by power MOS transistors Q1 and Q3, Q2 and Q4, respectively, and the MOS transistors have a body diode and a parasitic capacitance. The two bridge arms form a full-bridge inverter circuit to provide square wave voltage with the input waveform of +/-Udc for the resonant cavity. When Q1 and Q4 are turned off, the resonant inductor Lr, the resonant capacitor Cr and the exciting current Lm of the transformer resonate together, so that the body diodes of Q2 and Q3 are turned on, and the voltage at two ends of Q2 and Q3 is clamped to 0, thereby preparing for realizing ZVS of Q2 and Q3; similarly, when Q2 and Q3 are turned off, the resonant inductor Lr1, the resonant capacitor Cr1 and the excitation inductor Lm of the transformer resonate together, so that the body diodes of Q1 and Q4 are turned on, and the voltages at the two ends of the body diodes are clamped at zero volts, so that preparation is made for achieving ZVS. The reverse operation is the same.
At present, energy conservation is an important trend of power supply technology, and higher requirements are put forward on efficiency, power density, reliability and the like of a power supply, under the influence of the trend, an LLC resonant cavity is more and more widely applied in the industry, but the traditional LLC resonant converter has the following defects: the existing switching power supply module usually adopts a single resonant cavity LLC. However, as the module power is greatly increased, the size of the power magnetic element device is also increased, and the common single resonant cavity LLC is difficult to implement in order to achieve a true high power density, high efficiency, and optimal thermal design. In addition, the size of the excitation inductance of the transformer in the LLC determines the size of the off-current and the primary current of the switching tube, and for efficiency, the excitation inductance is desirably a little larger, but because of the limitations of the module output voltage and power, the excitation inductance cannot be too large, too large excitation inductance may result in insufficient gain, the LLC cannot output the required large voltage and full load power, or the operating frequency when the highest output voltage is fully loaded approaches the frequency boundary point of the ZVS, ZCS region.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a bidirectional converter circuit and converter including a dual resonant cavity to solve at least some of the problems noted in the background.
In one aspect of the invention, a bidirectional conversion circuit comprising a double resonant cavity is provided, which comprises a main switch circuit, a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, an inductor (Lp), a first rectification circuit and a second rectification circuit; wherein,
the main switch circuit comprises a first output end and a second output end;
the first resonant cavity comprises a first resonant inductor (Lr1), a first resonant capacitor (Cr1) and a primary side (Lm1) of a first transformer which is matched with the first resonant cavity in series, and the second resonant cavity comprises a second resonant inductor (Lr2), a second resonant capacitor (Cr2) and a primary side (Lm2) of a second transformer which is matched with the first resonant cavity in series; the first resonant cavity is connected between the first output end and the second output end after being connected in parallel with the second resonant cavity;
an inductance (Lp) connected between the first output terminal and the second output terminal;
the first rectifying circuit is connected with the secondary side of the first transformer, and the second rectifying circuit is connected with the secondary side of the second transformer.
Further, the transformer comprises an equalizing circuit which is connected between the secondary side of the first transformer and the secondary side of the second transformer. Preferably, the equalizing circuit comprises an equalizing capacitor (Cj), or the equalizing circuit comprises a small resistor and an equalizing capacitor (Cj) connected in series.
Further, the main switch circuit comprises a first power MOS (Q1), a second power MOS (Q2), a third power MOS (Q3), a fourth power MOS (Q4) and a capacitor (Ci), wherein the source electrode of the first power MOS (Q1) is connected with the drain electrode of the third power MOS (Q3) to form a first output end, and the source electrode of the second power MOS (Q2) is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth power MOS (Q4) to form a second output end; one end of the capacitor (Ci) is connected with the drain electrode of the first power MOS tube (Q1) and the drain electrode of the second power MOS tube (Q2), and the other end of the capacitor (Ci) is connected with the source electrode of the third power MOS tube (Q3) and the source electrode of the fourth power MOS tube (Q4). Preferably, the first power MOS transistor (Q1), the second power MOS transistor (Q2), the third power MOS transistor (Q3), and the fourth power MOS transistor (Q4) are all Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs).
Further, the first rectification circuit comprises a fifth power MOS (Q5) and a sixth power MOS (Q6), and the secondary side of the first transformer is respectively connected with the source electrode of the fifth power MOS (Q5) and the source electrode of the sixth power MOS (Q6); the second rectifying circuit comprises a seventh power MOS (Q7) and an eighth power MOS (Q8), and the secondary side of the second transformer is respectively connected with the source electrode of the seventh power MOS (Q7) and the source electrode of the eighth power MOS (Q8); the drain electrode of the fifth power MOS tube (Q5), the drain electrode of the sixth power MOS tube (Q6), the drain electrode of the seventh power MOS tube (Q7) and the drain electrode of the eighth power MOS tube (Q8) are connected together to serve as the output end of the rectifying circuit. Preferably, the fifth power MOS transistor (Q5), the sixth power MOS transistor (Q6), the seventh power MOS transistor (Q7), and the eighth power MOS transistor (Q8) are all metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors MOSFETs.
Furthermore, the power supply also comprises a filter circuit, and the filter circuit is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit.
In another aspect of the present invention, a converter is provided, which includes the above-mentioned bidirectional conversion circuit including a dual resonant cavity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the double resonant cavities are connected in parallel, so that higher power can be transmitted, the volume of a magnetic component can be greatly reduced, and the layout is more compact; (2) because the two resonant cavity devices have process errors in the processing place, the two resonant cavity transformers equally output energy under the action of the equalizer, and the problem that the requirements of high efficiency, high power density, optimal thermal design and the like are difficult to achieve when a common single resonant cavity LLC is applied to the conventional high-power switching power supply is solved; (3) because the secondary side of the transformer is not connected with the resonant device, compared with a common CLLLC bidirectional resonant converter, the number of components is reduced, and the cost is saved; (4) the output of each transformer is output after being rectified by the rectifying circuit, so that the output is more stable.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference will now be made in detail to the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a full-bridge CLLLC bidirectional resonant converter in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a topology diagram of a bidirectional conversion circuit of the present invention including a dual resonator.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bi-directional conversion circuit of the present invention including a dual resonator cavity operating in reverse.
FIG. 4 is a graph of real-time waveforms associated with a bi-directional converter circuit of the present invention comprising a dual resonator operating in the forward direction below the high frequency.
FIG. 5 is a graph of real-time waveforms associated with a bi-directional converter circuit of the present invention comprising a dual resonator operating in reverse below the high frequency.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 2, a bidirectional conversion circuit including a dual resonant cavity of the present invention includes a main switch circuit, a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, an inductor, an equalizing circuit, a first rectifying circuit, a second rectifying circuit, and a filter circuit. The main switching circuit is sometimes called a square wave generator, and the square wave generator is various in kind, and a full bridge, a half bridge, or the like can be used. In the embodiment, a full-bridge square wave generator is adopted, Q1-Q4 are MOSFETs, Q1 and Q3 are connected in series, Q2 and Q4 are connected in series to form bridge arms respectively, the sources of Q3 and Q4 are grounded, and a power supply Udc is connected in parallel between the two bridge arms to form a full-bridge inverter circuit (i.e., a square wave generator). The inductor Lp is connected between the alternating current buses, namely the middle points of the two bridge arms. And the capacitor Ci is connected in parallel at two ends of the direct current power supply Udc, the positive electrode of the capacitor Ci is connected with the positive electrode of the Udc, and the negative electrode of the capacitor Ci is connected with the negative electrode of the Udc and grounded. The first resonant cavity consists of an inductor Lr1, a capacitor Cr1, an excitation inductor Lm1 and a primary side of a transformer TX 1; the second resonant cavity is formed by an inductor Lr2, a capacitor Cr2, an excitation inductor Lm2 and the primary side of a transformer TX 2. The reference point GND of the primary side of TX1 and TX2 is connected with the reference point AGND of the secondary side of TX2 in series through a resistor and a capacitor. The resonant cavities connected with the main switch circuit in parallel at least comprise two resonant cavities, and the equalizing circuit is respectively connected between the resonant cavity at the main equalizing point and the other resonant cavities. When the resonant devices of the two resonant cavities have errors, an equalizer must be added between the two resonant cavities. Lr1 and Lr2, Cr1 and Cr2, Lm1 and Lm2, TX1 and TX2 and the like are theoretically consistent, but due to the occurrence of process errors, an equalizer is required. In this embodiment, the equalizer is an equalizing capacitor Cj connected between the secondary side of the first transformer and the secondary side of the second transformer. The rectification circuit formed by the secondary sides of the two transformers can be a double half-wave rectification circuit or a full-bridge rectification circuit. In the present embodiment, Q5 and Q6 constitute rectifying portions corresponding to the first resonator, i.e., first rectifying circuits; q7 and Q8 form the corresponding rectifying portion of the second resonator, i.e., the second rectifying circuit. Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are MOSFETs, and the topology can operate in two directions. The capacitor Co forms a rectifying and filtering circuit, the anode of the rectifying and filtering circuit is connected with a load, and the cathode of the rectifying and filtering circuit is grounded.
In the topology shown in fig. 2, Q1-Q8 are each power MOSFETs, including body diodes and parasitic capacitances. Q1 and Q3 are connected in series, the source of Q1 and the drain of Q3 are connected together to form the first output end of the full bridge circuit, the drain of Q1 is connected with the positive pole (BUS +) of the direct current power supply, the source of Q3 is connected with the negative pole (BUS-) of the power supply and is Grounded (GND) to form a bridge arm; in the same way, Q2 and Q4 are connected in series to form a bridge arm, and the source of Q2 and the drain of Q4 are connected together to form a second output end of the full bridge circuit. Thus, Q1-Q4 form a full bridge circuit. And an inductor Lp is connected to the middle point of the two bridge arms, and the inductance value of the inductor is the excitation inductance value of the transformer. Two resonant cavities, namely, tank1 and tank2, are arranged between the first output end and the second output end in parallel, tank1 comprises a resonant inductor Lr1, a resonant capacitor Cr1 and an excitation inductor Lm1 provided by the primary winding of the first transformer, and tank2 comprises a resonant inductor Lr2, a resonant capacitor Cr2 and an excitation inductor Lm2 provided by the primary winding of the second transformer.
Specifically, one end of the resonant inductor Lr1 is connected to the first output end of the main switching circuit, the other end of the resonant inductor Lr1 is connected to one end of the resonant capacitor Cr1, the other end of Cr1 is connected to one end of the primary side of the first transformer (i.e., one end of the magnetizing inductor Lm1), and the other end of the primary side of the first transformer (i.e., the other end of the magnetizing inductor Lm1) is connected to the second output end of the main switching circuit. The second resonant cavity is connected in the same manner as the first resonant cavity.
The secondary side of the transformer TX1 is connected with a winding with a middle tap and Q5 and Q6 to form a full-wave rectification circuit, and the secondary side of the transformer TX2 is connected with a winding with a middle tap and Q7 and Q8 to form a full-wave rectification circuit. The center tap of the secondary winding of the transformer is grounded (AGND). The sources (S poles) of Q5-Q8 are connected to the output terminals of the transformer, respectively. By giving the driving signals Q5-Q8, the level polarity of the driving signals is the same as the output signal level polarity of the transformer. Because the Q5-Q8 are full-control devices, the secondary side circuit of the transformer can be a rectifying filter circuit or a push-pull inverter circuit, and therefore conditions are provided for bidirectional operation of the topology. The output of the two transformers is overlapped, so that the stability of the output power is improved. The output end of the connected MOSFET is also connected with a filter circuit, wherein the filter circuit can be a capacitor, one end of the filter circuit is connected with the cathode of the MOSFET, and the other end of the filter circuit is grounded (AGND).
The bidirectional conversion circuit has an isolation function, and the ground of the primary side and the secondary side, namely GND and AGND, are connected in series through a Resistance Capacitor (RC). The whole circuit works roughly as follows:
when the circuit is operated in the forward direction, the Lp branch circuit is cut off by a relay and does not work. During the turn-off periods (i.e. within the dead time) of Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, Lr1, Cr1, Lm1, Lr2, Cr2 and Lm2 respectively form resonant cavities, the total resonant current of the two resonant cavities charges parasitic capacitors Coss2 and Coss3 between D-S of Q2 and Q3 and discharges the parasitic capacitors Coss1 and Coss4 between D-S of Q1 and Q4, and energy is fed back to the power supply. At the moment, Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are all cut off, and the output energy is provided by an output electrolytic capacitor. When the energy in the Coss1 and Coss4 is pumped out, the body diodes of the Q1 and Q4 freewheel, and conditions are created for realizing ZVS for the Q1 and the Q4. At this time, the control outputs Q5 and Q7 are conducted, the transformer is clamped at-nVo, Lm1 and Lm2 do not participate in resonance during linear charging at the voltage, current flows through the primary side of the transformer T1 and the primary side of the transformer T2, and the total energy of the two resonant cavities is fed to the output. When the driving signals are given to the Q1 and the Q4 at the moment (namely when the body diodes of the Q1 and the Q4 start to freewheel), the ZVS can be realized by the Q1 and the Q4, the primary voltage of the transformer is still clamped at-nVo, and the resonant energy flows through the path consistent with the previous stage and is also fed to the secondary side. The following negative half cycle operates on a similar principle to the positive half cycle described above. Fig. 4 shows that when the forward operation working frequency of the embodiment is lower than the high frequency point, the primary side main switching tube is switched on at zero voltage, and the secondary side is switched off at zero current.
When the resonant cavity is operated reversely, the secondary side of the transformer forms a push-pull inverter circuit, namely an input circuit of the resonant cavity which operates reversely, and a rectifying circuit formed by the primary side main switch circuit Q1-Q4, namely an output rectifying circuit of the resonant cavity which operates reversely. Meanwhile, the Q5 and the Q6 are controlled to be alternately conducted, the Q7 and the Q8 are controlled to be alternately conducted, the branch where the inductor Lp is located is controlled to be conducted through the relay, and the Lp serves as an excitation inductor which runs in the reverse direction. When Q5-Q8 are all cut off, and Q1-Q4 are all cut off (in dead time), Lr1, Cr1, Lp, Lr2, Cr2 and Lp respectively form a resonant cavity, two resonant cavity resonant currents respectively charge and discharge a parasitic capacitance (D-S) Coss5 of drain-source electrodes of Q5 and Q6, and a parasitic capacitance (D-S) Coss7 and Coss8 of drain-source electrodes of Q6, Q7 and Q8, and energy is fed back to a power supply. At the moment, the output MOSFETs (Q1-Q4) are all cut off, and the output energy is provided by an output electrolytic capacitor (an electrolytic capacitor connected with the Udc in parallel). When the energy in the Coss5 and Coss7 is pumped out, the body diodes of the Q5 and Q7 freewheel, and conditions are created for realizing ZVS for the Q5 and the Q7. At the moment, the output Q1 and the output Q4 are controlled to be conducted, the transformer is clamped at-Vdc, Lm does not participate in resonance under the voltage, only Lr1 and Cr1 form an alternating current bus of a resonant cavity resonant current flowing through a full bridge formed by Lp and Q1-Q4, only Lr2 and Cr2 form an alternating current bus of another resonant cavity resonant current flowing through a full bridge formed by Lp and Q1-Q4, and the total energy of the two resonant cavities is fed to the output. At this time, driving signals are provided for Q5 and Q7, ZVS is realized, the primary voltage of the transformer is still clamped at-Vdc, and the resonant energy flows through a path consistent with the previous stage and is also fed to the secondary side. The following negative half cycle operates on a similar principle to the positive half cycle described above. Fig. 5 shows that when the reverse operation working frequency of the embodiment is lower than the high frequency point, the primary side main switching tube is switched on at zero voltage, and the secondary side is switched off at zero current.
And (3) analyzing the action of an equalizer: when the resonant cavity is operated in the forward direction, when no capacitor exists, the gains of the two resonant cavities are inconsistent due to the difference of the process parameters of components, and the rectifier tubes output by the two resonant cavities are connected in parallel at one point, so that the parallel output may cause that the resonant cavity with smaller gain cannot output energy, the other resonant cavity is overloaded, and the circuit is easily damaged. When the capacitor exists, the no-load gain of the resonant cavity with smaller original gain is larger than the normal on-load gain of the resonant cavity with larger original gain within a certain range, and the phases of the transformer points of the two resonant cavities are approximately consistent, so that the two resonant cavities can output equal energy within a larger frequency range.
In a word, the LLC with the resonant cavities connected in parallel establishes a balance capacitor between two adjacent resonant cavities, so that the energy balance of each resonant cavity is ensured, the bidirectional operation of the topology disclosed by the invention is ensured, and the effect of the topology framework can be achieved. The resonant working principle of each resonant cavity is similar to the LLC working principle of a single resonant cavity, only the resonant energy flowing through the MOS tube of the main switch circuit and the transformer each time is the sum of all resonant cavity energies, the excitation inductance can be increased to a great extent by the scheme, the LLC gain can be ensured, and the effect of the high-power LLC resonant converter can be further improved.
Claims (10)
1. A bidirectional conversion circuit comprising double resonant cavities comprises a main switch circuit, a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, an inductor, a first rectification circuit and a second rectification circuit; wherein,
the main switch circuit comprises a first output end and a second output end;
the first resonant cavity comprises a first resonant inductor, a first resonant capacitor and a primary side of a first transformer, wherein the first resonant inductor and the first resonant capacitor are connected in series, the primary side of the first transformer is matched with the first resonant cavity, and the second resonant cavity comprises a second resonant inductor, a second resonant capacitor and a primary side of a second transformer, wherein the second resonant inductor and the second resonant capacitor are connected in series, and the primary side of the second transformer is matched with the first resonant cavity; the first resonant cavity is connected between the first output end and the second output end after being connected in parallel with the second resonant cavity;
the inductor is connected between the first output end and the second output end;
the first rectifying circuit is connected with the secondary side of the first transformer, and the second rectifying circuit is connected with the secondary side of the second transformer.
2. The bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator cavity of claim 1, wherein: the transformer also comprises an equalizing circuit which is connected between the secondary side of the first transformer and the secondary side of the second transformer.
3. The bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator cavity of claim 2, wherein: the equalizing circuit includes an equalizing capacitance.
4. A bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the equalizing circuit comprises a small resistor and an equalizing capacitor which are connected in series.
5. The bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator cavity of claim 1, wherein: the main switch circuit comprises a first power MOS tube, a second power MOS tube, a third power MOS tube, a fourth power MOS tube and a capacitor, wherein the source electrode of the first power MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the third power MOS tube to serve as a first output end, and the source electrode of the second power MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth power MOS tube to serve as a second output end; one end of the capacitor is connected with the drain electrode of the first power MOS tube and the drain electrode of the second power MOS tube, and the other end of the capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the third power MOS tube and the source electrode of the fourth power MOS tube.
6. The bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator according to claim 5, wherein: the first power MOS tube, the second power MOS tube, the third power MOS tube and the fourth power MOS tube are all metal oxide field effect transistors (MOSFETs).
7. The bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator cavity of claim 1, wherein: the first rectifying circuit comprises a fifth power MOS tube and a sixth power MOS tube, and the secondary side of the first transformer is respectively connected with the source electrode of the fifth power MOS tube and the source electrode of the sixth power MOS tube; the second rectifying circuit comprises a seventh power MOS tube and an eighth power MOS tube, and the secondary side of the second transformer is respectively connected with the source electrode of the seventh power MOS tube and the source electrode of the eighth power MOS tube; and the drain electrode of the fifth power MOS tube, the drain electrode of the sixth power MOS tube, the drain electrode of the seventh power MOS tube and the drain electrode of the eighth power MOS tube are connected together and used as the output end of the rectifying circuit.
8. The bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator according to claim 7, wherein: the fifth power MOS tube, the sixth power MOS tube, the seventh power MOS tube and the eighth power MOS tube are all metal oxide field effect transistors (MOSFETs).
9. The bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator according to claim 7, wherein: the filter circuit is connected with the output end of the rectification circuit.
10. A transducer, characterized by: a bi-directional conversion circuit comprising a dual resonator as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN110266194A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-20 | 江苏恰德森科技有限公司 | A kind of bidirectional DC-DC converter of symmetric resonator |
| CN110557026A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-12-10 | 苏州汇川联合动力系统有限公司 | High-voltage direct-current conversion circuit and vehicle-mounted charger |
| CN114759803A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-07-15 | 湖北工业大学 | Asymmetric multi-mode variable-bandwidth output LLC converter and design method |
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Application publication date: 20190521 |