CN109787268A - It is a kind of meter and photovoltaic injecting power method for estimating state - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of meter and the method for estimating state of photovoltaic injecting power, comprising: (1) initialization network parameter establishes photovoltaic plant Equivalent Model and injecting power measurement equation；(2) branch power of power distribution network is measured, branch current magnitudes measure, node injecting power measures and voltage magnitude measurement conversion is the amplitude and phase angle of branch current；(3) measurement matrix is constructed, using branch current I, inverter amplitude modulation ratio M and phase-modulation angle A as quantity of state, state estimation is carried out using algorithm for estimating, corrects state variable；(4) step (3) are repeated until meeting the condition of convergence, state estimation result is obtained, uploads real-time data base.The present invention improves estimated accuracy；To lay the foundation for the intelligence of power distribution network and safe and stable operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of operation and control of a power distribution network, in particular to a state estimation method considering photovoltaic injection power.
Background
With the continuous inrush of distributed power supplies such as photovoltaic power, wind power and the like into a power grid, the distributed power supplies with volatility and intermittence provide higher requirements for the safe, stable and efficient operation of the power grid, and the effective estimation of the power grid is an important guarantee for the power grid dispatching automation. Due to the continuous expansion of the power grid, a large amount of data can be generated in real time, and the data is often interfered by random errors, instrument errors and mode errors to cause data inaccuracy. Under the condition of ensuring the observability of the system, the state estimation method improves the precision and the accuracy of the measured data according to the redundancy of the actual measurement device. Compared with the traditional power flow calculation, the state estimation is extended on the basis of the power flow calculation, more data are used, identification and screening of the data are involved, and therefore the estimated electrical result is more accurate. Therefore, the research on the state estimation method containing the photovoltaic power supply has very important significance for analyzing the effect of the penetration of the photovoltaic power supply on the state estimation of the power grid.
The existing power system state estimation method usually selects a photovoltaic power supply as a load treatment, ignores the type, model and self state variables of the photovoltaic power supply, and only considers the photovoltaic power supply as a general load node. The estimation method can only obtain the voltage amplitude and the phase angle of the node, and cannot determine the running state of the photovoltaic power supply and distinguish the self characteristics of the photovoltaic power supply. The problems of neglecting the type, model and self state variable of the photovoltaic power supply and low precision exist in the prior art, so that it is necessary to provide a power distribution network state estimation method considering the characteristics of the photovoltaic power supply.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the state estimation method considering the photovoltaic injection power, so that the precision is improved, and the intellectualization and the stability of the power distribution network are improved.
The invention provides a power distribution network state estimation method considering photovoltaic injection power, which comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing network parameters, and establishing a photovoltaic power station equivalent model and an injection power measurement equation;
(2) converting branch power measurement, branch current amplitude measurement, node injection power measurement and voltage amplitude measurement of the power distribution network into amplitude and phase angle of branch current;
(3) constructing a measurement matrix, taking the branch current I, the amplitude modulation ratio M of the inverter and the phase modulation angle A as state quantities, carrying out state estimation by adopting an estimation algorithm, and correcting a state variable;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until a convergence condition is met, obtaining a state estimation result, and uploading the state estimation result to a real-time database.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: according to the characteristics of the photovoltaic power supply and the influence on the power flow of the power distribution network, a state estimation method suitable for the power distribution network containing the photovoltaic power supply is researched, so that a foundation is laid for the intelligent, safe and stable operation of the power distribution network. And (3) considering the self characteristics of the photovoltaic power supply, particularly the output characteristics of the photovoltaic cell and the photovoltaic inverter, and establishing an accurate photovoltaic power generation equivalent model. The model is incorporated into a power distribution network system, a measurement matrix is constructed, branch current, an inverter amplitude modulation ratio and a phase modulation angle are used as state quantities, an estimation method is adopted for state estimation, and the state variables are corrected, so that the real-time running states of the power distribution network and the photovoltaic power supply are obtained.
In the above scheme, for optimization, further, in the step (1), the equivalent model and the injection power measurement equation of the photovoltaic power station are as follows:
wherein, PpsActive power, Q, for photovoltaic power generationpsReactive power for photovoltaic power generation; u is the amplitude of the voltage at the AC side, and theta is the phase angle of the voltage at the AC side; u shapecellIs the voltage of the photovoltaic cell; n is a radical ofaThe number of photovoltaic cells connected in series in a single photovoltaic array; n is a radical ofaaThe number of photovoltaic modules contained in all photovoltaic arrays; m is the inverter amplitude modulation ratio in the photovoltaic power generation model, and A is the phase modulation angle in the photovoltaic power generation model; z is a radical ofab、φab、zbc、φbc、zac、φacAnd converting the Y-shaped circuits of the alternating current parts of the equivalent circuits of the photovoltaic power generation models into equivalent impedance amplitude and phase angle of the delta-shaped equivalent circuits.
Further, the step (2) includes converting branch active power measurement, branch reactive power measurement, current amplitude measurement, node power injection measurement, and voltage amplitude measurement into branch current amplitude and phase angle.
Further, in the step (2), the virtual real part for measuring the active power of the branch, the virtual real part for measuring the reactive power of the branch, the virtual real part for measuring the node injection power and the virtual real part for measuring the voltage amplitude are respectively represented as a branch current amplitude and a branch current phase angle; the current magnitude measurement is expressed as a branch current.
Further, the estimation algorithm is used for carrying out iterative calculation on the photovoltaic power station equivalent model and the injection power measurement equation in the step (1) according to a least square method.
Further, the estimation algorithm in step (3) comprises: and (3) constructing an equation according to the state variables: x ═ I, δ, M, a), a jacobian matrix is established according to the equation x ═ I, δ, M, a, the jacobian matrix being a state estimation model that considers a plurality of state quantities, the jacobian matrix being:
wherein, the subscript ps is the power corresponding to the photovoltaic electric field node,andthe dimension of the grid is consistent with the number of the photovoltaic power stations of the power distribution network.
In the invention, the influence of photovoltaic power supply access is taken into consideration, and an equivalent model and an injection power measurement equation of a photovoltaic power station are established and considered; converting branch power measurement, branch current amplitude measurement, node injection power measurement and voltage amplitude measurement into amplitude and phase angle of branch current; and constructing a measurement matrix, taking the current magnitude of each branch, the amplitude modulation ratio of the inverter and the phase modulation angle as state quantities, performing state estimation by adopting an estimation algorithm, and correcting the state variables to obtain an accurate state estimation result. The power distribution network state estimation algorithm based on a plurality of state variables such as branch current is provided on the basis of a branch voltage measurement transformation method, power measurement in a power distribution network can be utilized, current amplitude measurement and voltage amplitude measurement are also utilized, and the latter two measurements occupy a great proportion in power distribution network measurement, so that the algorithm effectively improves the measurement redundancy and the observability and accuracy of state estimation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages that the problem that the trend changes along with the change of a power distribution system from a previous single power supply mode to a multiple power supply mode after the photovoltaic power supply is merged into the power distribution network is solved;
the photovoltaic power supply is integrated, so that the order of a measurement matrix is increased, and the estimation precision is improved;
and the effect is three, so that a foundation is laid for the intelligent, safe and stable operation of the power distribution network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photovoltaic power generation equivalent model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an AC-side equivalent model in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a pi-type equivalent model of the line in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a power injection amount side single line pattern diagram in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a power distribution network state estimation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a state estimation method considering photovoltaic injection power, as shown in fig. 5, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing network parameters, and establishing a photovoltaic power station equivalent model and an injection power measurement equation;
(2) converting branch power measurement, branch current amplitude measurement, node injection power measurement and voltage amplitude measurement of the power distribution network into amplitude and phase angle of branch current;
(3) constructing a measurement matrix, taking the branch current I, the amplitude modulation ratio M of the inverter and the phase modulation angle A as state quantities, carrying out state estimation by adopting an estimation algorithm, and correcting a state variable;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until a convergence condition is met, obtaining a state estimation result, and uploading the state estimation result to a real-time database.
The workflow of this embodiment: as shown in fig. 5, considering the influence of photovoltaic power access, establishing an equivalent model and an injection power measurement equation of the photovoltaic power station; converting branch power measurement, branch current amplitude measurement, node injection power measurement and voltage amplitude measurement into amplitude and phase angle of branch current; and constructing a measurement matrix, taking the current magnitude of each branch, the amplitude modulation ratio of the inverter and the phase modulation angle as state quantities, performing state estimation by adopting an estimation algorithm, and correcting the state variables to obtain an accurate state estimation result.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in the step (1), the equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station and the injection power measurement equation are as follows:
wherein, PpsActive power, Q, for photovoltaic power generationpsReactive power for photovoltaic power generation; u is the amplitude of the voltage at the AC side, and theta is the phase angle of the voltage at the AC side; u shapecellIs the voltage of the photovoltaic cell; n is a radical ofaThe number of photovoltaic cells connected in series in a single photovoltaic array; n is a radical ofaaThe number of photovoltaic modules contained in all photovoltaic arrays; m is the inverter amplitude modulation ratio in the photovoltaic power generation model, and A is the phase modulation angle in the photovoltaic power generation model; z is a radical ofab、φab、zbc、φbc、zac、φacThe Y-shaped circuit which is respectively the alternating current part of the equivalent circuit of the photovoltaic power generation model is converted into the equivalent impedance amplitude and the phase angle of the delta-shaped equivalent circuit shown in the figure 2.
Specifically, the step (2) includes converting branch active power measurement, branch reactive power measurement, current amplitude measurement, node power injection measurement, and voltage amplitude measurement into an amplitude and a phase angle of a branch current.
Specifically, in the step (2), the virtual real part for measuring the active power of the branch, the virtual real part for measuring the reactive power of the branch, the virtual real part for measuring the node injection power and the virtual real part for measuring the voltage amplitude are respectively represented as a branch current amplitude and a branch current phase angle; the current magnitude measurement is expressed as a branch current.
In the step (2), the measurements in the power distribution system are mutually matched, and the measurements comprise branch active power measurement, branch reactive power measurement, current amplitude measurement, power injection measurement, namely pseudo measurement, and voltage amplitude measurement. The line can be equivalent to a pi-type model, fig. 3 a line model branching from bus k to bus m.
Specifically, the estimation algorithm in step (3) includes: and (3) constructing an equation according to the state variables: x ═ I, δ, M, a), a jacobian matrix is established according to the equation x ═ I, δ, M, a, the jacobian matrix being a state estimation model that considers a plurality of state quantities, the jacobian matrix being:
wherein, the subscript ps is the power corresponding to the photovoltaic electric field node,andthe dimension of the grid is consistent with the number of the photovoltaic power stations of the distribution network。
In addition, the estimation algorithm is used for carrying out iterative calculation on the photovoltaic power station equivalent model and the injection power measurement equation in the step (1) according to a least square method.
The state variables of the least-squares state estimation need to be indirectly obtained by means of a measurement equation, i.e. a functional relationship between the state vector and the measurement vector. When considering the measurement noise formula, the relationship between them is:
z＝h(x)+v；
wherein z is a m-dimensional quantity measurement vector; h (x) is a vector of measurement functions:
hT(x)＝[h1(x),h2(x),...,hm(x)]；
v is the measurement noise vector, and the expression of v is:
vT＝[v1,v2,...,vm]；
the objective function of the least squares state estimation is:
J(x)＝[z-h(x)]TR-1[z-h(x)]；
wherein R is-1＝1/σ2(ii) a For a given metrology vector z, the state estimation vector x is the value that minimizes the objective function J (x). To obtain extreme values, the value of J (x) ═ z-h (x) is determined]TR-1[z-h(x)]And (3) carrying out derivation to obtain:
wherein,is a Jacobian matrix.
The state variables being selected by branch currents, i.e. amplitude and phase, inversionThe amplitude modulation ratio and the phase modulation angle of the modulator. The state estimation algorithm chooses I, δ, M, A as the state variable, i.e., x ═ I, δ, M, a, thereby building the jacobian matrix
The iterative equation for the state variables is:
Δx(k+1)＝x(k)+Δx(k)；
wherein, G (x)(k))＝HT(x(k))R-1H(x(k)) Is a gain matrix; x is the number of(k)、x(k+1)The state variables obtained from the kth iteration and the (k + 1) th iteration are respectively. When | Δ x(k+1)And if the | meets the convergence standard or reaches the iteration times, finishing the estimation, and uploading the result to a real-time database.
In the branch power measurement of this embodiment, the power from the bus k to the bus m can be represented as:
Pkm+jQkm＝Vkm(Ikm)*＝VkmIkm[cos(δk-αkm)+jsin(δk-αkm)]；
by splitting the imaginary real part, the active and reactive branch measurement equations can be expressed as:
Pkm＝VkmIkmcos(δk-αkm)；
Qkm＝VkmIkmsin(δk-αkm)；
for branch current amplitude measurement, the current from bus k to bus m can be represented as:
Ikm(measurement)＝Ikm；
injection power measurements, as in fig. 4, assume that power is injected into the k bus, with n buses associated with it. Current is injected from bus 1 … m into bus k, and flows from bus k into bus m +1 … n. That is, bus bar 1 … m is the upstream bus bar of bus bar k, and bus bar m +1 … n is the downstream bus bar of bus bar k.
By transformation it is possible to obtain:
by opening the imaginary and real parts, the equation becomes:
wherein: re (x): the real part of x; im (x): the imaginary part of x.
Voltage amplitude measurement, assuming that the voltage amplitude measurement is set on the bus k, and n branches connect the bus k with the root bus 0, all branch currents are flowing out from the bus 0, can be obtained,
wherein x is a system state variable, PkInjected active power, Q, for bus kkInjecting reactive power, P, for bus kkmFor the notes from bus k to bus mInto active power, QkmFor injecting reactive power, V, from bus k to bus mkIs the voltage amplitude, δ, of bus kkIs the phase angle of the voltage on the bus k,is a complex voltage form of the bus k, IkmThe branch current amplitude, z, from bus k to bus mkmIs the impedance modulus value of the bus k to the bus m.
In the photovoltaic injection power measurement:
the invention discloses a state estimation method considering photovoltaic injection power, which takes the influence of photovoltaic power access into consideration and establishes an equivalent model considering a photovoltaic power station and an injection power measurement equation; converting branch power measurement, branch current amplitude measurement, node injection power measurement and voltage amplitude measurement into amplitude and phase angle of branch current; and constructing a measurement matrix, taking the current magnitude of each branch, the amplitude modulation ratio of the inverter and the phase modulation angle as state quantities, performing state estimation by adopting an estimation algorithm, and correcting the state variables to obtain an accurate state estimation result. The power distribution network state estimation algorithm based on a plurality of state variables such as branch current is provided on the basis of a branch voltage measurement transformation method, power measurement in a power distribution network can be utilized, current amplitude measurement and voltage amplitude measurement are also utilized, and the latter two measurements occupy a great proportion in power distribution network measurement, so that the algorithm effectively improves the measurement redundancy and the observability and accuracy of state estimation.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A state estimation method considering photovoltaic injection power is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing network parameters, and establishing a photovoltaic power station equivalent model and an injection power measurement equation;
(2) converting branch power measurement, branch current amplitude measurement, node injection power measurement and voltage amplitude measurement of the power distribution network into amplitude and phase angle of branch current;
(3) constructing a measurement matrix, taking the branch current I, the amplitude modulation ratio M of the inverter and the phase modulation angle A as state quantities, carrying out state estimation by adopting an estimation algorithm, and correcting a state variable;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until a convergence condition is met, obtaining a state estimation result, and uploading the state estimation result to a real-time database.
2. The state estimation method taking into account photovoltaic injection power according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the equivalent model and the injection power measurement equation of the photovoltaic power station are as follows:
wherein, PpsActive power, Q, for photovoltaic power generationpsReactive power for photovoltaic power generation; u is the amplitude of the voltage at the AC side, and theta is the phase angle of the voltage at the AC side; u shapecellIs the voltage of the photovoltaic cell; n is a radical ofaThe number of photovoltaic cells connected in series in a single photovoltaic array; n is a radical ofaaThe number of photovoltaic modules contained in all photovoltaic arrays; m is the inverter amplitude modulation ratio in the photovoltaic power generation model, and A is the phase modulation angle in the photovoltaic power generation model; z is a radical ofab、φab、zbc、φbc、zac、φacAnd converting the Y-shaped circuits of the alternating current parts of the equivalent circuits of the photovoltaic power generation models into equivalent impedance amplitude and phase angle of the delta-shaped equivalent circuits.
3. The state estimation method taking into account photovoltaic injection power according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the step (2) comprises the steps of measuring the active power of the branch, measuring the reactive power of the branch, measuring the current amplitude, measuring the node power injection and measuring the voltage amplitude, and converting the voltage amplitude into the amplitude and the phase angle of the branch current.
4. A state estimation method taking account of photovoltaic injected power according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (2), the virtual real part for measuring the active power of the branch, the virtual real part for measuring the reactive power of the branch, the virtual real part for measuring the node-injected power and the virtual real part for measuring the voltage amplitude are respectively represented as a branch current amplitude and a branch current phase angle; the current magnitude measurement is expressed as a branch current.
5. The state estimation method taking into account photovoltaic injection power according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) performing iterative computation on the photovoltaic power station equivalent model and the injection power measurement equation in the step (1) according to a least square method.
6. The state estimation method taking into account photovoltaic injection power according to claim 5, characterized in that: the estimation algorithm comprises: and (3) constructing an equation according to the state variables: x ═ I, δ, M, a), a jacobian matrix is established according to the equation x ═ I, δ, M, a, the jacobian matrix being a state estimation model that considers a plurality of state quantities, the jacobian matrix being:
wherein, the subscript ps is the power corresponding to the photovoltaic electric field node,andthe dimension of the grid is consistent with the number of the photovoltaic power stations of the power distribution network.
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