CN109783846A - Tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method based on GNSS oceanographic buoy - Google Patents

Tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method based on GNSS oceanographic buoy Download PDF

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CN109783846A
CN109783846A CN201811483436.5A CN201811483436A CN109783846A CN 109783846 A CN109783846 A CN 109783846A CN 201811483436 A CN201811483436 A CN 201811483436A CN 109783846 A CN109783846 A CN 109783846A
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uncertainty
formula
gnss
buoy
measurement
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CN109783846B (en
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梁冠辉
薛宇欢
周东旭
周兴华
厉峰
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Qingdao Shulian Kongjian Marine Technology Co Ltd
First Institute of Oceanography SOA
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Qingdao Shulian Kongjian Marine Technology Co Ltd
First Institute of Oceanography SOA
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Abstract

The tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method based on GNSS oceanographic buoy that the invention discloses a kind of, the following steps are included: establishing tidal level measurement model, determine the partial uncertainty in model, calculate separately the dynamic standard uncertainty of partial uncertainty, then the standard uncertainty of tidal level measurement result per minute is synthesized, standard uncertainty per minute is carried out sequentially in time to arrange the tidal level combined standard uncertainty sequence that can be obtained in observation period, finally calculate expanded uncertainty, Evaluation of Uncertainty method disclosed in this invention can be improved the accuracy of GNSS tidal level measurement buoy data result uncertainty evaluation, ensure that GNSS tidal level measurement buoy provides qualified reliable measurement result, GNSS tidal level measurement buoy is set preferably to serve oceanographic observation field.

Description

Tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method based on GNSS oceanographic buoy
Technical field
The present invention relates to ocean field of measuring techniques, in particular to a kind of tidal level measurement based on GNSS oceanographic buoy is not true Surely assessment method is spent.
Background technique
Uncertainty of measurement refers to that, according to obtained information, characterization assigns the non-negative parameter of tested magnitude dispersibility.Measurement is not The evaluation of degree of certainty is to measure the essential step of work.The occasion of main application has: the uncertainty of particular result is commented Fixed, general measure uncertainty evaluation and the calibration measurement ability etc. for evaluating laboratory.We are to based on GNSS oceanographic buoy Tidal level measuring system carry out evaluation of uncertainty in measurement and belong to the uncertainty evaluation of ocean routine hydrographic survey.Ocean tidal level One of the basic hydrographic features for belonging to ocean offshore and coastal waters observation, are marine resources development, marine ecology civilization construction, ocean The movable basic datas such as scientific research, ocean science innovation, maritime rights and interests maintenance and Homeland Security guarantee.
Ocean scene, which is measured, to have different characteristics with measuring in land or laboratory, and in measurement process, which is tested Damp buoy floats across the sea, as the fluctuating and fluctuation moment on sea level carry out catenary motion and horizontal shake;The ring of ocean Border also changes at any time, and different sea level situations can bring different degrees of attitudes vibration, different weather conditions to buoy Different influences can be caused to the quality of reception of GNSS electromagnetic wave;The sea level of buoy measurement is also changing over time.Therefore, from From the point of view of measuring angle, in GNSS tidal observation buoy measurement process, measuring system, measurement environment and be measured all have time variation, The features such as randomness and correlation.The measurement process is not only a kind of dynamic measurement, and is a kind of dynamic measurement amount.
Currently, have gray theory, bayesian theory and Monte Carlo method etc. for the main theory of dynamic measurement, they The equation for calculating evaluation of uncertainty in dynamic measurement is different, and essence is consistent, and is ground evaluation of uncertainty in dynamic measurement as a function of time Study carefully.Currently, not yet about the tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method based on GNSS oceanographic buoy.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of tidal level uncertainties of measurement based on GNSS oceanographic buoy Assessment method provides the standard of accuracy reference to be reached for ocean tidal level measurement data, preferably serves oceanographic observation neck The purpose in domain.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical scheme is as follows:
Tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method based on GNSS oceanographic buoy, comprising the following steps:
(1) tidal level measurement model is established,
In formula,
T is tidal level measurement result per minute;
N is the Instantaneous Sea Level height results quantity of interior buoy observation per minute;
HiFor interior i-th of Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result per minute;
(2) interior dynamic measurement results H per minuteiBetween positive strong correlation, related coefficient 1, by measurement functions derivation Obtain sensitivity coefficientThereby determine that the combined standard uncertainty u of tidal level measurement result T per minutec (T):
It needs to be determined that i-th of Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result H in per minutei,
Hi=H0i-hi-N (3)
In formula,
H0iI-th of geodetic height in per minute is measured after difference resolves for observation station;
hiFor GNSS antenna interior i-th of elevation correction per minute of observation station, i.e., under the dynamic environment of ocean, GNSS antenna phase The vertical distance on position center to sea;
N is the elevation anomaly value that buoy measures sea area, which is acquired by model algorithm, is fixed value;
Three amounts in formula (3) are uncorrelated, thereby determine that i-th of Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result H in per minuteiStandard not Degree of certainty u (H)i,
In formula,
u(H0)iFor H0iStandard uncertainty;
u(h)iFor hiStandard uncertainty;
U (N) is the standard uncertainty of N;
Formula (4) are substituted into formula (2), combined standard uncertainty u is calculatedc(T), by u per minutec(T) it presses Tidal level combined standard uncertainty sequence u is arranged to obtain according to time sequencingc(T)j, wherein j represents jth minute in observation period;
(5) expanded uncertainty U is calculatedpj,
U99j=kp×uc(T)j (5)
In formula,
It determines that tidal level T is to be uniformly distributed, takes comprising Probability p=0.99, then Coverage factor kp=1.71.
In above scheme, H0iStandard uncertainty u (H0)iCalculation formula it is as follows:
In formula,
RiFor the half width in the GNSS measurement of higher degree result probable value section of i-th of sequence in dynamic measurement;
Coverage factor
In above scheme, hiStandard uncertainty u (h)iAssessment method it is as follows:
(1) GNSS antenna elevation correction h calculation formula is as follows:
H=h0×cosε×cosθ (7)
In formula,
H is the vertical distance of GNSS antenna phase center to sea under the dynamic environment of ocean;
h0GNSS antenna phase center is to the vertical distance on sea when for hydrostatic, and for the same buoy, which is to fix Value;
ε and θ is respectively buoy dynamic roll angle and pitch angle, is dynamic measurement;
(2) there are three the uncertainty input quantities that can be seen that GNSS antenna elevation correction from formula (7), h in formula0It adopts It is measured with total station, ε and θ are measured by attitude-measuring sensor built in buoy, therefore h0Uncorrelated to ε, θ, related coefficient is 0;ε and θ is measured simultaneously by same sensor, positive strong correlation between the two, related coefficient 1;It propagates and restrains according to uncertainty, GNSS antenna elevation correction standard uncertainty u (h) composite formula is as follows in single Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result:
In formula,
u(h0) it is h0Standard uncertainty;
U (ε) is the standard uncertainty of ε;
aεFor the limits of error absolute value of ε;Coverage factor
U (θ) is the standard uncertainty of θ;
aθFor the limits of error absolute value of θ;Coverage factor
For h0Sensitivity coefficient;
For the sensitivity coefficient of ε;
For the sensitivity coefficient of θ;
(3) by evaluation u (h0) it is millimeter magnitude, the totality of GNSS antenna elevation correction does not know as centimetres, u (h0) it is much smaller than u2, ignored in calculating process, therefore interior i-th of Instantaneous Sea Level elevation per minute in dynamic measurement As a result HiStandard uncertainty u (H)iCalculation formula is as follows:
In formula,
For the buoy dynamic roll angle sensitivity coefficient of i-th of sequence in dynamic measurement, calculation formula is
For the buoy dynamic pitch angle sensitivity coefficient of i-th of sequence in dynamic measurement, calculation formula is
(4) formula (9) (10) (12) (13) are substituted into formula (11), h is calculatediStandard uncertainty u (h)i
In above scheme, the calculation formula of the standard uncertainty u (N) of N is as follows:
In formula,
aNFor the limits of error, a is takenN=5cm,
Coverage factor is
Through the above technical solutions, the tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement side provided by the invention based on GNSS oceanographic buoy Method is decomposed into a system based on the understanding to measuring system structure and Measurement and Data Processing process, by prolonged dynamic measurement process The static measurement process of column, and uncertainty evaluation is carried out to it.The sea-level elevation of the GNSS tidal observation buoy observes data sampling Rate is 1Hz, the sea-level elevation measurement process of 1Hz is considered as static measurement, prolonged dynamic measurement process is considered as sample rate and is The set of the static measurement of 1Hz.Comprehensive and accurate measurement model is established for every hertz of measurement data, it is each not true to analyze its Surely the source for spending component, using GUM method by the uncertainty of measurement of second evaluation raw measurement results.Then according to raw observation To the measurement model of tidal level result, the uncertainty of the final tidal level measurement result of GNSS tidal observation buoy is evaluated.
The assessment method can be improved the accuracy of GNSS tidal level measurement buoy data result uncertainty evaluation, it is ensured that GNSS tidal level measures buoy and provides qualified reliable measurement result, and GNSS tidal level measurement buoy is made preferably to serve oceanographic observation Field.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described.
Fig. 1 is a kind of tidal level measuring principle schematic diagram based on GNSS oceanographic buoy disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is GNSS dynamic elevation RMS value sequence chart;
Fig. 3 is buoy dynamic roll angle sequence chart;
Fig. 4 is buoy dynamic pitch angle sequence chart;
Fig. 5 is GNSS dynamic elevation partial uncertainty u (H0)iSequence chart;
Fig. 6 is GNSS antenna orthometric correction partial uncertainty u (h)iSequence chart;
Fig. 7 is Instantaneous Sea Level elevation standard uncertainty u (H)iSequence chart;
Fig. 8 is tidal level combined standard uncertainty uc(T)jSequence chart;
Fig. 9 is tidal level expanded uncertainty U99jSequence chart.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively that the original dynamic of the GNSS tidal observation buoy for use in the present invention intercepted observes data Sequence, three kinds of data beginning and ending times are identical, and abscissa is the data sequence number being sequentially arranged in three figures, are divided into 1 second, Ordinate is the amplitude of each data.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is respectively to pass through the Instantaneous Sea Level elevation that Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 data calculate to move State standard uncertainty u (H)iDynamic Uncertain component, abscissa is the data sequence number being sequentially arranged, interval with Original observed data is identical, and ordinate is uncertain component amplitude.Fig. 7 is the Instantaneous Sea Level as obtained by Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 Data Synthesis Elevation dynamic standard uncertainty sequence u (H)i, abscissa is the data sequence number being sequentially arranged, interval and Fig. 5, Fig. 6 Data are identical.Fig. 8 is the tidal level combined standard uncertainty sequence u of Fig. 7 Data Synthesisc(T)j, abscissa is to arrange in chronological order The data sequence number of column, is divided into 1 minute.
Fig. 9 is the tidal level expanded uncertainty sequence U by Fig. 8 Data Synthesis99j, it is the most termination of offer of the invention Fruit, abscissa are identical as Fig. 8.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description.
The present invention provides a kind of tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method based on GNSS oceanographic buoy, specific embodiment It is as follows:
The tidal level measuring principle of GNSS oceanographic buoy as shown in Figure 1, with certain model GNSS tidal current survey buoy in Guangzhou For South Sea branch office Changzhou island code head carries out test, tide level data is calculated by the following method.
1) GNSS antenna phase center elevation is resolved using Dynamic post-treatment technology.Basic process is: utilizing the world The precise ephemeris and clock deviation file that GNSS Servers Organization (International GNSS Service, IGS) provides combine benchmark The stand station IGS on periphery calculates base station in the coordinate of WGS84;Consider the space correlation of position error between base station and observation station Property, the accurate three-dimensional coordinate in observation station [12-13] is obtained using the post processing difference location technology of carrier phase measurement.Processing The Inertial Explorer software that the Canadian Novatel company that GNSS data uses develops, it can handle Beidou two simultaneously Data are observed for navigation system and GPS system.
During data calculation, partial data observation quality is poor, and integer ambiguity can not be fixed, and causes calculation result There are rough errors, need to carry out elimination of rough difference to the antenna phase center elevation calculated.Specific method is: in every 1 minute Altitude data uses drawing to carry out elimination of rough difference up to criterion, finds out the average value of altitude data in 1 minuteAnd standard deviation sigma, if I-th of value X thereiniMeetThen cast out as gross error.
2) in order to preferably inhibit the multipath effect of GNSS receiving antenna, the general above tide a distance of GNSS antenna Installed, thus GNSS receiving antenna phase elevation need to use attitude data be modified after obtain the surveyed sea area of tidal observation equipment Instantaneous Sea Level elevation.Correction formula is as follows:
In formula, HiIt is the Instantaneous Sea Level elevation in the surveyed sea area of equipment;H is GNSS antenna phase center elevation;h0It is that equipment is quiet Only height of the GNSS antenna apart from sea when state;ε and θ is the instantaneous roll angle of equipment and pitch angle respectively.
3) Kalman filtering is carried out to obtained Instantaneous Sea Level elevation, removal is surged and the high-frequency signals such as noise.According to " sea Foreign investigation specifications " in regulation about tidal observation method, sliding average is carried out to Instantaneous Sea Level elevation, is made between its data sampling Every becoming 1 minute.
4) sea-level elevation that remote tidal observation device measuring obtains belongs to geodetic height, using reference ellipsoid as height datum. Generally using national 85 height datums, tidal height can be subtracted by geodetic height to be observed the height anomaly in sea area and asks for tidal level observation at present It obtains [17].The height anomaly in tested sea area can be sought using EGM2008 model.EGM2008 geoid's model is state, the U.S. Family's Geospatial Intelligence Service passes through years of researches and summary, in the experience and theoretical basis of building earth gravity field model in the past On, using PGM2007B as reference model, utilize the gravimetric data of GRACE satellite acquisition and the gravity anomaly number in the whole world 5 ' × 5 ' According to.By the formula of the model, the latitude and longitude coordinates in tested sea area are inputted, its height anomaly can be found out.
Then uncertainty evaluation is carried out to tidal level measurement result according to method described in Summary, specifically such as Under:
Dynamic measurement results include GNSS dynamic elevation RMS value sequence Ri, i.e., the GNSS high of i-th of sequence in dynamic measurement The half width (as shown in Figure 2) in journey measurement result probable value section, buoy dynamic roll angle sequence εiIt is (as shown in Figure 3), floating Mark dynamic pitch angle sequence θiGNSS antenna phase center when the hydrostatic that measurement obtains when (as shown in Figure 4) and development buoy To the vertical distance h on sea0;The data that inspection information obtains have εiAnd θiLimits of error absolute value aεAnd aθ
Both both obtaining the limits of error by attitude-measuring sensor specification is 0.2 °, i.e., probable value section Half width aεAnd aθIt is 0.2 ° and θ of stardard uncertairty angle value are as follows:Measurement obtains when developing buoy Hydrostatic when GNSS antenna phase center to sea vertical distance h0=143.6cm is passed through according to the work of other researchers The limits of error for testing elevation anomaly value are aN=± 5cm.
When being evaluated, by RiSubstitution formula (6) can obtain partial uncertainty u (H0)iSequence (as shown in Figure 5);By εi、 θi、h0And εiAnd θiLimits of error absolute value aεAnd aθIt brings formula (9) (10) (12) (13) into, finally substitutes into formula (11) In, obtain partial uncertainty u (h)iSequence (as shown in Figure 6), convolution (14) find out partial uncertainty u (N) value,
Then by u (H0)i、u(h)iFormula (3) are substituted into u (N), find out the standard of GNSS buoy measurement Instantaneous Sea Level elevation not Degree of certainty u (H)iSequence (as shown in Figure 7), by all u (H) interior per minuteiSubstitution formula (2) finds out the mark of tidal level per minute Quasi- uncertainty uc(T);By u per minutec(T) tidal level combined standard uncertainty sequence u is arranged to obtain sequentially in timec (T)j(as shown in Figure 8) finally calculates expanded uncertainty U using formula (5)pj(as shown in Figure 9).
Other existing evaluation of uncertainty in dynamic measurement assessment methods generally utilize analogue data be observation period in all data only The same uncertainty evaluation is provided as a result, the present invention is based on the understandings to buoy structure, working environment and original observed data And analysis, uncertainty evaluation is carried out respectively to each data result.The present invention and other evaluation of uncertainty in dynamic measurement assessment methods It compares, not only increases the accuracy of evaluation of uncertainty in dynamic measurement evaluation result, and accurately describe entire observation in detail comprehensively The quality of each data in period.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one The widest scope of cause.

Claims (4)

1. the tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method based on GNSS oceanographic buoy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) tidal level measurement model is established,
In formula,
T is tidal level measurement result per minute;
N is the Instantaneous Sea Level height results quantity of interior buoy observation per minute;
HiFor interior i-th of Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result per minute;
(2) interior dynamic measurement results H per minuteiBetween positive strong correlation, related coefficient 1, by obtaining spirit to measurement functions derivation Quick coefficientThereby determine that the combined standard uncertainty u of tidal level measurement result T per minutec(T):
It needs to be determined that i-th of Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result H in per minutei,
Hi=H0i-hi-N (3)
In formula,
H0iI-th of elevation in per minute is measured after difference resolves for GNSS buoy;
hiFor observation station GNSS antenna per minute in i-th of elevation correction, i.e., under the dynamic environment of ocean, in GNSS antenna phase The heart to sea vertical distance;
N is the elevation anomaly value that buoy measures sea area, which is acquired by model algorithm, is fixed value;
Three amounts in formula (3) are uncorrelated, thereby determine that i-th of Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result H in per minuteiStardard uncertairty It spends u (H)i,
In formula,
u(H0)iFor H0iStandard uncertainty;
u(h)iFor hiStandard uncertainty;
U (N) is the standard uncertainty of N;
Formula (4) are substituted into formula (2), combined standard uncertainty u is calculatedc(T), by stardard uncertairty per minute Degree carries out arranging the tidal level combined standard uncertainty sequence u that can be obtained in observation period sequentially in timec(T)j, wherein j generation Jth minute in table observation period;
(3) expanded uncertainty U is calculatedpj,
U99j=kp×uc(T)j (5)
In formula,
It determines that tidal level T is to be uniformly distributed, takes comprising Probability p=0.99, then Coverage factor kp=1.71.
2. the tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method according to claim 1 based on GNSS oceanographic buoy, feature exist In H0iStandard uncertainty u (H0)iCalculation formula it is as follows:
In formula,
RiFor the half width in the GNSS measurement of higher degree result probable value section of i-th of sequence in dynamic measurement;
Coverage factor
3. the tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method according to claim 1 based on GNSS oceanographic buoy, feature exist In hiStandard uncertainty u (h)iAssessment method it is as follows:
(1) GNSS antenna elevation correction h calculation formula is as follows:
H=h0×cosε×cosθ (7)
In formula,
H is the vertical distance of GNSS antenna phase center to sea under the dynamic environment of ocean;
h0GNSS antenna phase center is to the vertical distance on sea when for hydrostatic, and for the same buoy, which is fixed value;
ε and θ is respectively buoy dynamic roll angle and pitch angle, is dynamic measurement;
(2) there are three the uncertainty input quantities that can be seen that GNSS antenna elevation correction from formula (7), h in formula0Using complete Instrument of standing measures, and ε and θ are measured by attitude-measuring sensor built in buoy, therefore h0It is uncorrelated to ε, θ, related coefficient 0;ε and θ is measured simultaneously by same sensor, positive strong correlation between the two, related coefficient 1;It propagates and restrains according to uncertainty, individually GNSS antenna elevation correction standard uncertainty u (h) composite formula is as follows in Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result:
In formula,
u(h0) it is h0Standard uncertainty;
U (ε) is the standard uncertainty of ε;
aεFor the limits of error absolute value of ε;Coverage factor
U (θ) is the standard uncertainty of θ;
aθFor the limits of error absolute value of θ;Coverage factor
For h0Sensitivity coefficient;
For the sensitivity coefficient of ε;
For the sensitivity coefficient of θ;
(3) by evaluation u (h0) it is millimeter magnitude, the totality of GNSS antenna elevation correction does not know as centimetres, u (h0) remote Less than u2, ignored in calculating process, therefore interior i-th of Instantaneous Sea Level elevation result H per minute in dynamic measurementi Standard uncertainty u (H)iCalculation formula is as follows:
In formula,
For the buoy dynamic roll angle sensitivity coefficient of i-th of sequence in dynamic measurement, calculation formula is
For the buoy dynamic pitch angle sensitivity coefficient of i-th of sequence in dynamic measurement, calculation formula is
(4) formula (9) (10) (12) (13) are substituted into formula (11), h is calculatediStandard uncertainty u (h)i
4. the tidal level evaluation of uncertainty in measurement method according to claim 1 based on GNSS oceanographic buoy, feature exist In the calculation formula of the standard uncertainty u (N) of N is as follows:
In formula,
aNFor the limits of error, a is takenN=5cm,
Coverage factor is
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