CN106767383A - The measuring method of the snow depth based on continuous operation GNSS stations signal-to-noise ratio data - Google Patents
The measuring method of the snow depth based on continuous operation GNSS stations signal-to-noise ratio data Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of measuring method of snow depth, including：The GNSS direct signals that pre-build of acquisition and through the Interference Model between the right-handed circular polarization reflected signal after earth surface reflection；According to standard RINEX file generated SNR data files；Choose without the SNR data files in accumulated snow period, treatment is fitted to SNR data waveforms using the Interference Model, obtain without every each rise of GNSS satellite in accumulated snow period or the effective reflecting surface average height in descent；Selection has SNR data files in accumulated snow period, and treatment is fitted to SNR data waveforms using the Interference Model, and acquisition has in accumulated snow period effective reflecting surface of the every GNSS satellite every time in rise or descent highly；Calculate without the effective reflecting surface average height in accumulated snow period with have the difference in accumulated snow period between corresponding effective reflecting surface height；Difference in selected duration is taken carries out data processing, obtains snow depth.The snow depth measuring method that the present invention is provided is simple, and measurement result is accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of snow depth, more particularly to one kind is based on continuous operation GNSS stations signal to noise ratio
The snow depth measuring method of data.
Background technology
Accumulated snow is not only hydrology and an important parameter in meteorology, and is influence arid and semi-arid lands's gas
The key factor of change, Water Resource Balance and Development of farming and animal husbandry is waited, and snow depth is an important finger for reflecting accumulated snow number
Mark.
Snow depth observation method is generally divided into meteorological station and microwave remote sensing, meteorological in the severe area of weather conditions
Station negligible amounts, spatial representative is poor；Satellite-borne microwave radiometer spatial resolution is relatively low, it is impossible to meet the accumulated snow of Watershed Scale
Hydrologic research needs；Active microwave remote sensing complicated mechanism, and operational use level is relatively low.
After proposing that sea level height can be measured using GPS reflected signals from Mart í n-Neira in 1993, worldwide navigation is defended
Star system reflected signal remote sensing technology (Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry, GNSS-
R) gradually rise and develop rapidly.By feat of GNSS signal it is steady in a long-term, sensitive to accumulated snow dielectric property, can be with round-the-clock/complete
The advantages of weather works, GNSS-R technologies turn into a kind of effective means for detecting snow depth.
Based on through GPS Multipath reflections technology (the GPS Multipath with reflected signal interference waveform
Reflectometry, GPS-MR) with interference pattern technology (Interference Pattern Technique, IPT) from initial
Soil Moisture Inversion progressively expand to snow depth observation field.The SNR that GPS-MR technologies are recorded using Continuous Operating GPS station
(Signal Noise Ratio, signal to noise ratio) data, the interference component retained after to the through component of removal carries out frequency spectrum point
Analysis, the frequency of interference waveform is set up with snow depth and is contacted.IPT technologies are needed using special GNSS receiver and vertical pole
Change antenna and receive the through interference waveform with reflected signal, utilize " air-snow deposit-soil " GNSS signal scattering model and ripple
The position of shape " recess " and takeoff snow depth.
However, although GPS-MR technologies can utilize the SNR data of continuous operation geodesic survey GPS record,
But complex disposal process, easily produces accumulated error.Although and IPT technologies can directly process GNSS receiver record
SNR data, but need special GNSS receiver and vertical polarized antenna, it is impossible to make full use of the various companies being widely present
The free disclosure that reforwarding row Reference System (Continuously Operating Reference Station, CORS) is provided
Data, limit large-scale popularization and application.
The content of the invention
As can be seen here, it is necessory to provide, a kind of processing procedure is simple and the accurate snow depth measurement side of measurement result
Method.
A kind of measuring method of snow depth, wherein, the measuring method of the snow depth includes：
The GNSS satellite direct signal that pre-builds of acquisition and through the Interference Model between the reflected signal after earth surface reflection；
Acquisition standard RINEX formatted files, SNR data files are generated according to the standard RINEX formatted files；
Chosen from the SNR data files without the SNR data files in accumulated snow period, form the SNR without accumulated snow period
Data waveform, and treatment is fitted to the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period using the Interference Model, obtain without product
In snow period each GNSS satellite rise or descent in effective reflecting surface average height h0；
The SNR data files having in accumulated snow period are chosen from the SNR data files, the SNR in accumulated snow period is formed with
Data waveform, and treatment is fitted to the SNR data waveforms for having accumulated snow period using the Interference Model, acquisition has product
In snow period each GNSS satellite rise or descent in effective reflecting surface height h；
Calculate the effective reflecting surface average height h in each GNSS satellite rise or descent0It is effective with described
Difference DELTA h between reflecting surface height h；
Data processing is carried out to selecting the difference DELTA h in duration, the snow depth in selected duration is obtained.
In one embodiment, it is described to choose without the SNR data files in accumulated snow period, form the SNR without accumulated snow period
The step of data waveform, includes：
SNR data in every GNSS satellite predetermined altitude angular region of interception, obtain every GNSS satellite each rise or
In descent, the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period that SNR data change with the elevation angle.
In one embodiment, the SNR data files having in accumulated snow period are chosen, the SNR data in accumulated snow period are formed with
The step of waveform, includes：
SNR data in every GNSS satellite predetermined altitude angular region of interception, obtain every GNSS satellite rise every time or
In descent, SNR data are with the SNR data waveforms having described in the change of the elevation angle in accumulated snow period.
In one embodiment, the Interference Model is：
Wherein, EiIt is direct signal amplitude, γ is the elevation angle, and ε is earth's surface dielectric constant, and R (γ, ε) is Fresnel reflection system
Number, G is antenna gain pattern, and G (+γ) is direct signal gain, and G (- γ) is reflected signal gain,For reflected signal with it is straight
Up to the phase difference between signal.
In one embodiment, the excursion at the elevation angle is 5 ° -30 °.
In one embodiment, the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period are fitted using the Interference Model
Treatment includes：
Using least square method to being fitted treatment without the SNR data waveforms in accumulated snow period.
In one embodiment, the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period are fitted using the Interference Model
Treatment, obtains without GNSS satellite rise in accumulated snow period or the effective reflecting surface average height h in descent0Including：
Using the Interference Model to being fitted treatment without the SNR data waveforms in accumulated snow period, obtain without accumulated snow shape
Under state every GNSS satellite rise every time or descent in effective reflecting surface highly；
Effective reflecting surface in each rise of every GNSS satellite or descent is highly averaged, is obtained without accumulated snow
In period GNSS satellite rise or descent in effective reflecting surface average height h0。
In one embodiment, the step of acquisition standard RINEX formatted files include：
Original observed data is gathered using right-handed circular polarization antenna, and original observed data is entered into row format conversion, generation
Standard RINEX formatted files.
In one embodiment, the difference DELTA h in described pair of selected duration carries out data processing, obtains in selected duration
The step of snow depth, includes the one kind in the following manner：
Arithmetic average is taken to selecting the difference DELTA h in duration, the snow depth is obtained；
Median is taken to the difference DELTA h in the selected duration, the snow depth is obtained；
Difference DELTA h in the selected duration is weighted averagely, the snow depth is obtained.
Relative to the snow depth measuring method that conventional art, the present invention are provided, by obtaining GNSS satellite direct signal
Interference Model between reflected signal, treatment is fitted to SNR data waveforms using Interference Model, obtains snow depth comprehensive
The advantage of GPS-MR and IPT technologies is closed, can simply, exactly to snow depth have been measured, and being capable of widespread adoption.
Brief description of the drawings
The flow chart of the snow depth measuring method that Fig. 1 is provided for one embodiment；
The general frame of the snow depth measuring method that Fig. 2 is provided for one embodiment；
Fig. 3 is ground GNSS station direct signals and reflected signal interference schematic diagram in one embodiment；
Fig. 4 is fitted the example of the SNR data of observation to utilize Interference Model in one embodiment；
Fig. 5 be in one embodiment different GNSS satellites it is different rise or descent in (a) effective reflecting surface height with
B schematic diagram that () snow depth changes with year day of year.
Specific embodiment
The measuring method of the snow depth for providing the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments is made further
Describe in detail.
Please also refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a kind of based on continuous operation global navigation satellite system GNSS
(the Global Navigation Satellite System) SNR that stands (Signal to Noise Ratio, signal to noise ratio) data
Snow depth measuring method, the method is comprised the following steps：
Step S1, the GNSS satellite direct signal that acquisition pre-builds reflects letter with through the right-handed circular polarization after earth surface reflection
Interference Model between number；
Step S2, obtains standard RINEX formatted files, and SNR data files are generated according to standard RINEX formatted files；
Step S3, chooses without the SNR data files in accumulated snow period, when being formed without accumulated snow from the SNR data files
The SNR data waveforms of phase, and treatment is fitted to the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period using Interference Model, obtain without product
In snow period each GNSS satellite rise or descent in effective reflecting surface average height h0；
Step S4, chooses the SNR data files having in accumulated snow period, when being formed with accumulated snow from the SNR data files
The SNR data waveforms of phase, and treatment is fitted to the SNR data waveforms for having accumulated snow period using Interference Model, acquisition has product
In snow period GNSS satellite every time rise or descent in effective reflecting surface height h；
Step S5, calculates the effective reflecting surface average height h in each GNSS satellite rise or descent0With institute
State the difference DELTA h between effective reflecting surface height h；
Step S6, data processing is carried out to selecting the difference DELTA h in duration, obtains the snow depth in selected duration.
In step sl, also referring to Fig. 3, it is assumed that the signal for reaching GNSS receiver antenna phase center is by going directly
The interference of signal and mirror signal is superimposed generation, earth's surface level, then elevation of satellite is the signal elevation angle.In the present embodiment,
Interference Model is：
Wherein, direct signal amplitude is Ei, the elevation angle is γ, and earth's surface dielectric constant is ε, Fresnel reflection coefficient be R (γ,
ε), mirror signal amplitude is Ei·R(γ,ε).GNSS antenna gain mode is G, corresponding to direct signal and reflected signal
Gain be respectively G (+γ) and G (- γ).
In step s 2, standard RINEX formatted files include observation data file (O files), navigation message file (N texts
Part) etc., the reading of O files and N files is realized from RINEX formatted files, extract and be calculated satellite number, time, satellite
Elevation angle/azimuth, specular reflection point position, different frequency range SNR data etc., generate SNR data files.Standard RINEX forms
File can be obtained using right-handed circular polarization antenna.
In step s3, also referring to Fig. 4, effective reflecting surface average height h0It is without GNSS antenna phase under accumulated snow state
The average value of the vertical distance between position center and surface effective reflecting surface.By choosing without the SNR data text in accumulated snow period
Part, obtains the waveform that the SNR data in each rise of every GNSS satellite or descent change with the elevation angle；Using Interference Model
SNR data waveforms to obtaining are fitted treatment, you can obtain without the effective reflecting surface under accumulated snow state highly, then to every
GNSS satellite rise every time or descent in effective reflecting surface height average respectively, can obtain without under accumulated snow state
Respective effective reflecting surface average height h0, the h0For the average vertical between antenna phase center and surface effective reflecting surface away from
From.
Similar, in step s 4, also referring to Fig. 5, effective reflecting surface height h is have antenna phase under accumulated snow state
Vertical distance between center and snow cap surface.Can be by the method essentially identical with step S3, using Interference Model to GNSS
SNR data waveforms in the range of satellite elevation angle are fitted, and acquisition has effective reflecting surface height h, the h under accumulated snow state to have
The vertical distance that accumulated snow state is snowed between antenna phase center and cap surface.
In step s 6, data processing is carried out to selecting the difference DELTA h in duration, it may include any one in the following manner
Kind：Arithmetic average is taken to selecting the difference DELTA h in duration, the snow depth is obtained；To the difference in the selected duration
Δ h takes median, obtains the snow depth；Difference DELTA h in the selected duration is weighted averagely, accumulated snow depth is obtained
Degree.It is appreciated that the data processing to selecting the difference DELTA h in duration is not limited to provided above, other numbers can be also taken
Learn algorithm and obtain snow depth.
The measuring method of the snow depth that above-described embodiment is provided, based on ground GNSS stations SNR data Interference Models, utilizes
Interference Model is fitted treatment to SNR data waveforms and obtains snow depth, and conveniently, accurately snow depth can either be carried out
Measurement, can utilize the SNR data of the continuous operation GNSS receiver record being widely present again, have a good application prospect.
Used as one embodiment, Interference Model can be set up in the following manner in step S1.Define effective reflecting surface height h
It is GNSS antenna phase center to the height between surface effective reflecting surface, i.e., antenna phase center is between effective reflecting surface
Vertical distance.Therefore in the case where antenna phase center is constant to ground level, in the case of without accumulated snow, effective reflecting surface
Height h represents antenna phase center to the vertical distance between surface effective reflecting surface；And in the case where there is accumulated snow, it is effectively anti-
Penetrate face height h and represent antenna phase center to the vertical distance between snow cap surface.
Assuming that direct signal is SdT (), reflected signal is SrT (), interference signal is Sinterf(t), then：
Sd(t)=Ei·G(γ)1/2·cos(ωt) (1)
Sinterf(t)=SNR1/2·cos(ωt+ψ) (3)
Wherein, ω is the angular frequency of signal, and t is the time,Reflected signal is respectively with interference signal relative to through with ψ
The phase delay of signal.
Because interference signal is represented by the coherent superposition of direct signal and reflected signal, then obtained by formula (1) and formula (2)：
Obtained by formula (3)：
Sinterf(t)=(- SNR1/2·sinψ)·sinωt+(SNR1/2·cosψ)·cosωt (5)
So, obtained by formula (4) and formula (5)：
Wherein, the phase difference between reflected signal and direct signalFor：
Wherein, λ is GNSS signal wavelength.
Because through GNSS signal is right-handed circular polarization, the reflection GNSS signal of interference is produced to be all dextrorotation entelechy therewith
Change, then GNSS signal reflection R of the dextrorotation to dextrorotationrrFor：
Wherein, subscript r, v, h represent right-handed circular polarization, vertical linear polarization and horizontal linear polarization, R respectivelyvvWith RhhRespectively
For：
Because the unit of SNR data is typically represented with dB, can be obtained by formula (6)：
The step of standard RINEX formatted files are obtained as one embodiment, in step S2 also includes：Using dextrorotation entelechy
Change antenna collection original observed data, and original observed data is entered into row format conversion, regenerate standard RINEX formatted files.
It is appreciated that some GNSS receivers can realize that online data is transmitted, RINEX formatted files are directly passed back, i.e.,
The original observed data passed back as RINEX forms.Some GNSS receivers can only obtain original observed data, it is necessary to original
Data enter row format conversion.If some GNSS receivers only pass O files back, N files then can be used the SP3 lattice that IGS is provided
Formula precise ephemeris.The reading that O files and N files are realized from RINEX formatted files such as can program by Matlab, extract and count
Calculation obtains satellite number, time, elevation of satellite/azimuth, specular reflection point position, different frequency range SNR data etc., generates SNR
Data file.
Specifically, for gps satellite, SNR has the frequency ranges such as L1, L2 and L5；For big-dipper satellite, there are two frequencies of B1 and B2
Section.Each SNR data file stores the satellite parametric reduction of a fixed sample interval, including satellite number, time, elevation angle, orientation successively
Angle, SNR numerical value of different frequency range etc..
As one embodiment, chosen in step S3 without the SNR data files in accumulated snow period, formed without accumulated snow period
The step of SNR data waveforms, includes：SNR data in every GNSS satellite predetermined altitude angular region of interception, obtain every GNSS
In each rise of satellite or descent, the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period that SNR data change with the elevation angle.
By taking big-dipper satellite as an example, for the satellite-signal that survey station is received from certain orientation, GNSS receiver is receiving north
While bucket direct signal, the reflected signal of earth's surface can be also received, reflected signal is compared with direct signal, and frequency is identical, by force
Degree is determined with reflecting surface dielectric constant by the signal elevation angle, simultaneously because path length difference and produce phase offset, factors above synthesis instead
Reflect and interference waveform is in SNR data.
Satellite-signal elevation coverage can be any interval in 5 ° -30 °, such as 5 ° -25 ° or 8 ° -16 °, can be according to specific
Situation is selected.Elevation coverage can ensure signal intervisibility more than 5 °, not blocked by earth's surface object；Elevation coverage is more than 30 °
Interference waveform oscillation amplitude will be no longer notable afterwards.In the present embodiment, elevation coverage is preferably 5 ° -20 °, has both ensured signal intervisibility,
Also ensure that interference waveform oscillation amplitude is notable.
As one embodiment, the step of be fitted treatment to the SNR data waveforms for obtaining using Interference Model in, can
It is that 5 °~20 ° of SNR data waveforms are fitted to GNSS satellite elevation coverage using Interference Model based on least square method, obtains
To effective reflecting surface highly.
The SNR data files having in accumulated snow period are chosen as one embodiment, in step S4, accumulated snow period is formed with
The step of SNR data waveforms, also includes：SNR data in every GNSS satellite predetermined altitude angular region of interception, obtain every
In each rise of GNSS satellite or descent, the SNR data waveforms having in accumulated snow period that SNR data change with the elevation angle.
After obtaining the SNR data waveforms having in accumulated snow period that SNR data change with the elevation angle, using Interference Model to SNR
Data are fitted treatment with the SNR data waveforms having in accumulated snow period that the elevation angle changes, you can acquisition had in accumulated snow period
Effective reflecting surface height h in GNSS satellite rise or descent.
As one embodiment, using the Interference Model to the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period in step S4
It can be 5 ° -20 ° to GNSS satellite elevation coverage using Interference Model based on least square method during being fitted treatment
SNR data waveforms are fitted, and obtain effective reflecting surface highly.Having in accumulated snow period, to each rise of every GNSS satellite
Or the effective reflecting surface height in descent is averaged respectively, you can obtain the effective reflecting surface height h under accumulated snow state,
Effective reflecting surface height h is the vertical distance for having accumulated snow state to snow between antenna phase center and cap surface.
Each technical characteristic of above example can be combined arbitrarily, to make description succinct, not to above-described embodiment
In each technical characteristic it is all possible combination be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics do not exist lance
Shield, is all considered to be the scope of this specification record.
Above example only expresses several embodiments of the invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but can not
Therefore it is interpreted as the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art,
Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection model of the invention
Enclose.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of measuring method of the snow depth based on continuous operation GNSS stations signal-to-noise ratio data, it is characterised in that the product
The measuring method of snow depth degree includes：
The GNSS satellite direct signal that pre-builds of acquisition and through the Interference Model between the reflected signal after earth surface reflection；
Acquisition standard RINEX formatted files, SNR data files are generated according to the standard RINEX formatted files；
Chosen from the SNR data files without the SNR data files in accumulated snow period, form the SNR data without accumulated snow period
Waveform, and treatment is fitted to the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period using the Interference Model, when obtaining without accumulated snow
In phase each GNSS satellite rise or descent in effective reflecting surface average height h0；
The SNR data files having in accumulated snow period are chosen from the SNR data files, the SNR data in accumulated snow period are formed with
Waveform, and treatment is fitted to the SNR data waveforms for having accumulated snow period using the Interference Model, when acquisition has accumulated snow
In phase each GNSS satellite rise or descent in effective reflecting surface height h；
Calculate the effective reflecting surface average height h in each GNSS satellite rise or descent0With the effective reflecting surface
Difference DELTA h between height h；
Data processing is carried out to selecting the difference DELTA h in duration, the snow depth in selected duration is obtained.
2. the measuring method of snow depth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the selection is without in accumulated snow period
SNR data files, include the step of form SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period：
SNR data in every GNSS satellite predetermined altitude angular region of interception, each rises or lands to obtain every GNSS satellite
During, the SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period that SNR data change with the elevation angle.
3. the measuring method of snow depth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that choose the SNR having in accumulated snow period
Data file, includes the step of be formed with the SNR data waveforms in accumulated snow period：
SNR data in every GNSS satellite predetermined altitude angular region of interception, obtain every GNSS satellite and rise every time or land
During, SNR data are with the SNR data waveforms having described in the change of the elevation angle in accumulated snow period.
4. the measuring method of snow depth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Interference Model is：
Wherein, EiIt is direct signal amplitude, γ is the elevation angle, and ε is earth's surface dielectric constant, and R (γ, ε) is Fresnel reflection coefficient, and G is
Antenna gain pattern, G (+γ) is direct signal gain, and G (- γ) is reflected signal gain,It is reflected signal and direct signal
Between phase difference.
5. the measuring method of snow depth according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the excursion at the elevation angle is
Any interval in 5 ° -30 °.
6. the measuring method of snow depth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that using the Interference Model to described
SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period are fitted treatment to be included：
Using least square method to being fitted treatment without the SNR data waveforms in accumulated snow period.
7. the measuring method of snow depth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that using the Interference Model to described
SNR data waveforms without accumulated snow period are fitted treatment, obtain without in GNSS satellite rise in accumulated snow period or descent
Effective reflecting surface average height h0Including：
Using the Interference Model to being fitted treatment without the SNR data waveforms in accumulated snow period, obtain without under accumulated snow state
Effective reflecting surface in every each rise of GNSS satellite or descent is highly；
Effective reflecting surface in each rise of every GNSS satellite or descent is highly averaged, is obtained without accumulated snow period
Effective reflecting surface average height h in interior GNSS satellite rise or descent0。
8. the measuring method of snow depth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the acquisition standard RINEX forms
The step of file, includes：
Original observed data is gathered using right-handed circular polarization antenna, and original observed data is entered into row format conversion, generate standard
RINEX formatted files.
9. the measuring method of snow depth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the difference in described pair of selected duration
Δ h carries out data processing, obtains the step of selecting the snow depth in duration including the one kind in the following manner：
Arithmetic average is taken to selecting the difference DELTA h in duration, the snow depth is obtained；
Median is taken to the difference DELTA h in the selected duration, the snow depth is obtained；
Difference DELTA h in the selected duration is weighted averagely, the snow depth is obtained.
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| CN113126182A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 北京四维智联科技有限公司 | Accumulated snow depth prediction method and system |
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