CN109782335A - Low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method - Google Patents
Low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method, comprising: according to controlled source low-frequency range mechanical restriction, obtains scanning signal low-frequency range power curve；It is responded according to high band the earth cutoff frequency, obtains scanning signal high band power curve；Obtain default scanning signal power curve；According to survey area frequency requirement, energy compensating is carried out to power curve and time-frequency domain is converted；Obtain the time-frequency curve and power curve of balancing energy scanning signal；Smooth and derivation is carried out to time-frequency curve and power curve and obtains f'(t) and A ' (t)；To f'(t) and A ' (t) progress is smoothly, and integrate and obtain new time-frequency curve and power curve；Seek scanning signal.This method can be inspired lower than 5Hz, each frequency energy is consistent, the scanning signal with 5-6 octave, and the scanning signal has the characteristics that low distortion, so that controlled source stimulation effect is improved, improvement seismic data quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil field Seismic Exploration with Vibrator fields, especially relate to a kind of low distortion broad frequency sweep signal
Design method.
Background technique
The excitation of controlled source wideband refers generally to be excited using the scanning signal with 5-6 octave, due to earthquake
Wave height frequency component is decayed fastly in communication process, and the extension of scanning signal high frequency is subject to certain restrictions, and the less decaying of low-frequency component,
Low frequency signal can be inspired as long as the limitation that can overcome controlled source own mechanical performance, therefore to controlled source wideband
For exploration, the low frequency component for improving scanning signal is more real, and therefore, the seismic data of wideband excitation at present generally has rich
Rich low-frequency information.
And with the progress of challenge and seismic data processing technique brought by complicated geological problem in oil-gas exploration, make ground
Ball physicists contemplate technical advantage of the low frequency signal when solving these challenges again: 1. improving vertical resolution
Rate；2. improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic acquisition data；3. improving the image quality of geology of deep part target；4. realizing full wave field inversion；
5. the imaging research under high speed/high resistant/high-selenium corn feature stratum；6. the velocity modeling of near surface inverting and complex area；7. non-
Hydro carbons basin research.
Earthquake record rich in low-frequency information is always west geophysics company the problem of being widely present in seismic prospecting
(Schlumberger-Western-Geoco) signal based on maximum displacement scanning (MD-Sweep) was proposed in 2006 to set
Meter technology is improved and is passed under low frequency useful signal by reinforcing, improving the energy of controlled source low-frequency sweep signal.
The low-frequency acoustic technical research of Spectraseis company makes substantial progress, the companies such as 2009 and Chevron, Exxon Mobil
Combine and has carried out low frequency collaborative project；2009, east geophysics company and the low frequency focus test of shell cooperation development obtained
It must succeed.The frequencies scan frequencies such as their uses gradually increase focus power output and are excited, record the low-frequency range sampling point surveyed every time
Power output, determines focus low-frequency range sampling point reality output maximum output, according to the weight maximum displacement curve and flow system flow of fitting
The focus of curve determines controlled source low frequency curve of output, the signal actual test of generation, in case of focus vibration beyond weight
Hammer displacement or when flow restriction, reduces 2-6% for the actual measurement amplitude for the frequency point that transfinites, then repeatedly above step, until vibration
As a result do not occur to obtain best low-frequency sweep signal when being displaced limitation or flow restriction beyond weight.2015, east earth object
Reason company has studied a kind of method and apparatus for obtaining wideband controlled source scanning signal, and main method is to obtain to sweep by default
Retouch the shortcut common offset trace gather that signal scanning obtains；Statistical wavelet calculating is carried out according to the shortcut common offset trace gather, is obtained
Obtain the earth vibration coupling response spectrum；Obtain default scanning signal spectrum；Using the earth vibration coupling response spectrum to described default
Scanning signal spectrum carries out energy compensating, and obtains first object scanning signal according to compensated frequency spectrum.
Hydraulic-mechanic system, electric-control system, vibrational system of controlled source etc., their physical characteristic be it is nonlinear,
Therefore the scanning signal that controlled source generates certainly exists distortion.Controlled source scanning signal distortion occur mainly in low-frequency range with
High band.
There are problems that mechanical structure (space constraint) in low-frequency range, controlled source design process；Hydraulic oil discharge capacity (volume
Constraint) problem and control constraints problem.Due to not allowing to be more than that focus itself limits in excitation process, every kind of model can
Focus all clear stipulaties maximum allowable stroke and effective travels in its technical indicator is controlled, while also giving lowest limit to make
With the technical indicator of frequency, therefore, signal distortion could be reduced by only meeting controlled source machinery index.
In high band, it is primarily due to the distortion of the stress condition generation of controlled source and ground-coupled system and the earth.
Due to the influence of the earth cutoff frequency response, after weight acceleration reaches 90 ° with plate acceleration phase difference, controlled source pair
Scanning signal control ability reduces, and after reaching to a certain degree, scanning signal can be distorted, therefore when weight acceleration and puts down
Plate acceleration phase difference reaches 90 °, and appropriate reduction controlled source sets out amplitude and can reduce the distortion of scanning signal.
In the process of scanning, the mutation such as weight, hydraulic oil stream, frequency, power output are responsible for system and inspire controlled source
The distortion of scanning signal, therefore, the mutation by reducing these factors can reduce controlled source scanning signal to a certain degree
Distortion improves seismic data quality.
It would therefore be highly desirable to develop a kind of low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method, the scanning signal of this method design has
The characteristics of exciting broadband, low distortion.Thus we have invented a kind of new low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method, solve
Above technical problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of scanning signals of design can inspire lower than 5Hz, each frequency energy is consistent,
Low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method with 5-6 octave.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method, this is low
The broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method that distorts includes: step 1, and according to controlled source low-frequency range mechanical restriction, it is low to obtain scanning signal
Frequency range power curve A'(f)；Step 2, it is responded according to high band the earth cutoff frequency, obtains scanning signal high band power curve
A''(f)；Step 3, default scanning signal power curve A (f) is obtained；Step 4, bent to power output according to survey area frequency requirement
Line A (f) carries out energy compensating and time-frequency domain conversion；Step 5, the time-frequency curve f (t) and power output of balancing energy scanning signal are obtained
Curve A (t)；Step 6, smooth and derivation is carried out to time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t) and obtains f'(t) and A ' (t)；Step
Rapid 7, to f'(t) and A ' (t) progress is smoothly, and integrate and obtain new time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t)；Step 8, it asks
Take scanning signal s (t).
The purpose of the present invention can be also achieved by the following technical measures:
In step 1, according to controlled source low-frequency range weight stroke and the mechanical restriction of hydraulic flow, design obtains best
The low-frequency range scan frequency and weight of power output are displaced and the relation curve of pump discharge, then obtains scanning signal low-frequency range power output
Curve A'(f)；
In step 1, it is calculated according to mechanical restriction or controlled source determines frequency scan test and obtains each scanning frequency of low-frequency range
The power output size of rate point.
Step 2 includes:
Obtain the response of Linear Sweep in PHVS System output frequency；
It is responded using Linear Sweep in PHVS System output frequency, analysis of high frequency section weight acceleration and plate acceleration phase
Difference, and determine frequency when weight acceleration and plate acceleration phase difference are 90 °；
Controlled source drive amplitude is reduced frequency when phase difference is 90 °, is terminated until sweep time, amplitude
By linear scan power output signal amplitude, obtain high band power curve A' ' (f).
In step 3, comprehensive segment processing is carried out by two kinds of power curves obtained in step 1 and step 2, sought
Two curve intersection parts, obtain the power curve A (f) of entire scanning signal.
In step 4, bent using the power output of entire scanning signal according to the requirement of the Sao Miao start-stop frequency of exploration target area
Line A (f) carries out energy compensating, and finds out Time And Frequency relation curve t (f) corresponding to each instantaneous frequency.
Step 5 includes:
Inverse transformation is carried out using Time And Frequency relation curve t (f), acquires the pass of new sweep time and instantaneous frequency
It is f (t)；
Time-frequency domain conversion is carried out using the power curve A (f) of entire scanning signal, obtains the power curve of time-domain.
In step 6, using time-frequency curve f (t) in step 5 and power curve A (t) carry out 3 times 5 points it is smooth, and ask one
Order derivative obtains f'(t) and A ' (t).
In step 7, using single order derived function f'(t in step 6) and A ' (t) carry out 3 times 5 points it is smooth, and integrate and obtain
New time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t)；
In formula: f (t) ----scanning signal time-frequency curve；
F'(t) --- the single order derived function of-scanning signal time-frequency curve f (t)；
A (t) ----scanning signal power curve；
A'(t) --- the single order derived function of-scanning signal power curve A (t)；
Dt---- scanning signal time diffusion；
f0----scanning signal initial frequency；
t0----scanning signal initial time；
A0Power output corresponding to ----scanning signal initial frequency.
In step 8, the phase of scanning signal is sought according to time-frequency function f (t) and power curve A (t), output sine can
Control focus scanning signal:
In formula:
S (t) ----controlled source scanning signal；
B (t) ----Blacknam slope (Blackman) ramp function；
T---- controlled source scanning signal instantaneous time.
Low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method in the present invention establishes a kind of low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal
Process, the scanning signal of design have the characteristics that bandwidth, each frequency energy is consistent, Scanning Distortion is low, can inspire and be lower than
5Hz, the scanning signal with 5-6 octave, and can modify according to demand, it is easy to promote and utilize, and can be preferable
Improve controlled source seismic data quality in ground.With conventional linear compared with nonlinear scanning signal, scanning signal of the present invention is not only
The frequency bandwidth of seismic data can be extended, and each frequency energy is consistent.The seismic data tool of the scanning signal excitation of invention
There are higher energy and signal-to-noise ratio, can significantly improve controlled source seismic data quality.The present invention is by scanning signal height
A kind of method for nonlinear properties design that the methods of low frequency energy compensation and optimization propose.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a specific embodiment of low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic diagram of low distortion broad frequency sweep signal in a specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of time-frequency curve graph of low distortion broad frequency sweep signal in a specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of power curve figure of low distortion broad frequency sweep signal in a specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of spectrum analysis figure of low distortion broad frequency sweep signal in a specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To enable above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention to be clearer and more comprehensible, preferably implementation is cited below particularly out
Example, and cooperate institute's accompanying drawings, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described
Embodiment is merely a part but not all of the embodiments of the present application.Based on the embodiment in the application, this field
Those of ordinary skill's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, all should belong to the application
The range of protection.
In order to meet low-frequency range controlled source weight displacement and pump discharge does not transfinite and the influence of high-frequency cut-off frequency,
The method for reducing power output is taken, and is compensated by the time to promote the energy of reduction power output section and be scanned setting for signal
Meter.Broad frequency sweep signal designs the design and low distortion optimization design that essence is exactly broadband signal time-frequency curve, further according to
Nonlinear scanning signal formula calculates the sinusoidal signal used for controlled source.
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is the flow charts of the low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method of one kind of the invention.
In step 101, according to controlled source low-frequency range weight stroke and the mechanical restriction of hydraulic flow, design obtains best
The low-frequency range scan frequency and weight of power output are displaced and the relation curve of pump discharge, then obtains scanning signal low-frequency range power output
Curve A'(f).The power output size of each scan frequency point of low-frequency range can also be calculated according to mechanical restriction and be obtained, and can also be carried out controllable
Focus determines frequency scan test to obtain.Step 102 is carried out simultaneously.
In step 102, the first response of acquisition Linear Sweep in PHVS System output frequency；Then the controlled source is utilized
The response of linear scan output frequency, analysis of high frequency section weight acceleration and plate acceleration phase difference, and determine weight acceleration
With plate acceleration phase difference be 90 ° when frequency；Finally controllable shake is reduced the frequency when phase difference is 90 °
Source drive amplitude, terminates until sweep time, and amplitude obtains high band power curve by linear scan power output signal amplitude
A''(f).Process enters step 103.
In step 103, comprehensive segment processing is carried out by two kinds of power curves obtained in step 101 and step 102,
Two curve intersection parts are sought, the power curve A (f) of entire scanning signal is obtained.Process enters step 104.
The entire scanning signal is utilized according to the requirement of the Sao Miao start-stop frequency of exploration target area in step 104
Power curve A (f) carries out energy compensating, and finds out Time And Frequency relation curve t (f) corresponding to each instantaneous frequency.Stream
Journey enters step 105.
In step 105, inverse transformation is carried out using the Time And Frequency relation curve t (f), when acquiring new scanning
Between relationship f (t) with instantaneous frequency；Time-frequency domain conversion is carried out using the power curve A (f) of the entire scanning signal, is obtained
Obtain the power curve of time-domain.Process enters step 106.
In step 106, using described in step 105 time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t) carry out 3 times 5 points it is flat
It is sliding, and first derivative is asked to obtain f'(t) and A ' (t).Process enters step 107.
In step 107, utilize single order derived function f'(t described in step 106) and A ' (t) carry out 3 times 5 points it is smooth, and product
Get new time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t)；
In formula: f (t) ----scanning signal time-frequency curve；
F'(t) --- the single order derived function of-scanning signal time-frequency curve f (t)；
A (t) ----scanning signal power curve；
A'(t) --- the single order derived function of-scanning signal power curve A (t)；
Dt---- scanning signal time diffusion；
f0----scanning signal initial frequency；
t0----scanning signal initial time；
A0Power output corresponding to ----scanning signal initial frequency.
Process enters step 108.
In step 108, the phase of scanning signal is sought according to the time-frequency function f (t) and power curve A (t), is exported
Sinusoidal controlled source scanning signal:
In formula:
S (t) ----controlled source scanning signal；
B (t) ----Blacknam slope (Blackman) ramp function；
T---- controlled source scanning signal instantaneous time.
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, obtaining a kind of scanning letter of low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method design
Number, start-stop frequency 2-96Hz, sweep length 26s.
It in an application specific embodiment of the invention, is required according to Xinjiang exploration area scan frequency, design wideband is swept
Signal is retouched, start-stop frequency is 2-96Hz and sweep length 26s, and start-stop slope is 500-500ms, carries out signal with the present invention
Design implements step such as Fig. 1；The controlled source scanning signal of generation is as shown in Fig. 2, when the low distortion broad frequency sweep signal
Frequency curve, such as Fig. 3；The low distortion broad frequency sweep signal power curve, such as Fig. 4；Spectrum analysis is carried out to the scanning signal, is such as schemed
5.The more conventional linear scan signal of scanning signal of the present invention is compared, and with bandwidth, each frequency energy is consistent, Scanning Distortion is low
The features such as, it can inspire lower than 5Hz, the scanning signal with 5-6 octave, the seismic data of excitation energy with higher
Amount and signal-to-noise ratio, can significantly improve controlled source seismic data quality.
Claims (10)
1. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method, which is characterized in that the low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method includes:
Step 1, according to controlled source low-frequency range mechanical restriction, scanning signal low-frequency range power curve A'(f is obtained)；
Step 2, it is responded, is obtained scanning signal high band power curve A' ' (f) according to high band the earth cutoff frequency；
Step 3, default scanning signal power curve A (f) is obtained；
Step 4, according to survey area frequency requirement, energy compensating is carried out to power curve A (f) and time-frequency domain is converted；
Step 5, the time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t) of balancing energy scanning signal are obtained；
Step 6, smooth and derivation is carried out to time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t) and obtains f'(t) and A ' (t)；
Step 7, to f'(t) and A ' (t) progress is smoothly, and integrate and obtain new time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t)；
Step 8, scanning signal s (t) is sought.
2. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1, according to
The mechanical restriction of controlled source low-frequency range weight stroke and hydraulic flow, design obtain the low-frequency range scan frequency of optimal output with
The relation curve of weight displacement and pump discharge, then obtains scanning signal low-frequency range power curve A'(f).
3. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1, according to
Mechanical restriction calculates or controlled source determines frequency scan test to obtain the power output size of each scan frequency point of low-frequency range.
4. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2 includes:
Obtain the response of Linear Sweep in PHVS System output frequency；
It is responded using Linear Sweep in PHVS System output frequency, analysis of high frequency section weight acceleration and plate acceleration phase difference,
And determine frequency when weight acceleration and plate acceleration phase difference are 90 °；
Controlled source drive amplitude is reduced frequency when phase difference is 90 °, is terminated until sweep time, amplitude is by line
Property scanning power output signal amplitude, obtain high band power curve A' ' (f).
5. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3, pass through
Two kinds of power curves obtained in step 1 and step 2 carry out comprehensive segment processing, seek two curve intersection parts, obtain whole
The power curve A (f) of a scanning signal.
6. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 4, according to
The requirement of the Sao Miao start-stop frequency of exploration target area carries out energy compensating using the power curve A (f) of entire scanning signal, and
Find out Time And Frequency relation curve t (f) corresponding to each instantaneous frequency.
7. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 5 includes:
Inverse transformation is carried out using Time And Frequency relation curve t (f), acquires the relationship f of new sweep time and instantaneous frequency
(t)；
Time-frequency domain conversion is carried out using the power curve A (f) of entire scanning signal, obtains the power curve of time-domain.
8. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 6, utilize
In step 5 time-frequency curve f (t) and power curve A (t) carry out 3 times 5 points it is smooth, and ask first derivative to obtain f'(t) and A ' (t).
9. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 7, utilize
Single order derived function f'(t in step 6) and A ' (t) carry out 3 times 5 points it is smooth, and integrate and obtain new time-frequency curve f (t) and power output
Curve A (t)；
In formula: f (t) ----scanning signal time-frequency curve；
F'(t) --- the single order derived function of-scanning signal time-frequency curve f (t)；
A (t) ----scanning signal power curve；
A'(t) --- the single order derived function of-scanning signal power curve A (t)；
Dt---- scanning signal time diffusion；
f0----scanning signal initial frequency；
t0----scanning signal initial time；
A0Power output corresponding to ----scanning signal initial frequency.
10. low distortion broad frequency sweep Design of Signal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 8, root
The phase of scanning signal is sought according to time-frequency function f (t) and power curve A (t), exports sinusoidal controlled source scanning signal:
In formula:
S (t) ----controlled source scanning signal；
B (t) ----Blacknam slope (Blackman) ramp function；
T---- controlled source scanning signal instantaneous time.
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| CN112666597A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Vibroseis scanning method and device |
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| CN113127799A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Scanning signal correction method and device |
| CN113138417A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-07-20 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Scanning signal automatic correction method and device based on force signal feedback |
| CN113189642A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-30 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Seismic source linear scanning signal design method based on forced vibration |
| CN114235136A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-25 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Method and device for acquiring acoustic radiation ball group of helicopter and predicting far-field noise |
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| CN112666597A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Vibroseis scanning method and device |
| CN112666597B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2024-03-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Controllable seismic source scanning method and device |
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| CN112764090A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-07 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Seismic source nonlinear scanning signal design method based on forced vibration |
| CN112764090B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2024-04-09 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Seismic source nonlinear scanning signal design method based on forced vibration |
| CN113189642A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-30 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Seismic source linear scanning signal design method based on forced vibration |
| CN113189642B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2024-04-05 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Seismic source linear scanning signal design method based on forced vibration |
| CN114235136A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-25 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Method and device for acquiring acoustic radiation ball group of helicopter and predicting far-field noise |
| CN114235136B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-09-05 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Method and device for acquiring sound radiation ball group of helicopter and predicting far-field noise |
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