CN109781960A - A kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division - Google Patents
A kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage divisions, comprising the following steps: step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1)；Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement according to the classification results of step 2, and the bearing capacity of level-one ground meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement；The present invention can preferably hold deep covering layer ground quality condition, the principle of classification is scientific, it is simple and effective, take into account tradition and universality, it is preferably its stable sex service of water power hydraulic engineering region deep covering layer rational evaluation, different zones, the deep covering layer material composition in different basins and structure feature and its engineering properties have close relationship, this is the basis of deep covering layer Engineering Geology Classification.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geotechnical engineerings and engineering geology technical field more particularly to a kind of deep covering layer ground quality work
Journey geology stage division.
Background technique
In China's hydroelectric project dam foundation area engineering geological investigation, coating is inevitably encountered, coating is utilized
Building dam is always water conservancy and hydropower industry emphasis technical problems to be solved.Especially the hydraulic power potentials river valley Gao Xia rather abundant it
The problem of middle major part riverbed can all encounter deep covering layer, is referred to as special engineering geological problems, is a kind of geology item
Part difference and complicated ground, with loosely organized, distribution discontinuity, genetic type is complicated, physico-mechanical properties present compared with
The features such as big inhomogeneities, directly decides build a dam crucial, engineering difficulty and risk and construction investment etc., therefore, effectively
The unique method of evaluation riverbed deep covering layer ground quality condition be exactly to carry out Engineering Geology Classification.
But currently, it is domestic still without it is a set of for deep covering layer is complete or standardized ground quality grading classification according to
According to therefore, it is necessary to be classified to deep covering layer ground quality qualitative features.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering is provided
Geology stage division overcomes in the prior art 1: a set of for deep covering layer is complete or standardized ground quality point
Grade classification foundation；2: deep covering layer ground quality condition can not be held；3: can not judge the problems such as can coating construct.
In order to solve technical problem, the technical scheme is that a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology point
Grade method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；
Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1):
Wherein the grain group of level-one ground is: one of erratic boulder, cobble, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of level-one ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter >=2mm granular mass of level-one ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of level-one ground is: in moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump or ancient mud flow accumulation
It is a kind of or in which several,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of level-one ground are: erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil, cobble
One of composite soil, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several；
The grain group of second level ground is: one of coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder or sticking grain soil or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of second level ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter < 2mm granular mass of second level ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of second level ground is: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial or damming phase river and lake product,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of second level ground are: coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, high liquid limit clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt
With one of low liquid limit silt or in which several；
Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement, the carrying of level-one ground according to the classification results of step 2
Power meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement.
Preferably, the level-one ground is divided into level-one ground IV 1 and level-one ground IV 2, wherein the carrying of level-one ground IV 1
Power is good, meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of level-one ground IV 2 is good, meets construction requirement；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 1 is erratic boulder and cobble, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter > when accumulation
60mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump and ancient mud flow accumulation, engineering Geological Characteristics
For erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil and cobble composite soil；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 2 is cobble, boulderet and granule, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete more
New system, grain diameter are 2mm ~ 60mm, and genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, and engineering Geological Characteristics are
Cobble, boulderet and granule.
Preferably, over coarse grained soil of the erratic boulder for erratic boulder content in ground greater than cobble content in the grain group；Wherein in grain group
Cobble is the over coarse grained soil that erratic boulder content is not more than cobble content in ground.
Preferably, cobble is the cobble for including > 50% in ground in the grain group, and wherein boulderet is to wrap in ground in grain group
Boulderet containing > 50%, wherein in grain group granule be ground in include > 50% granule.
Preferably, the second level ground is divided into second level ground V 1 and second level ground V 2, wherein the carrying of second level ground V 1
Power is medium, does not meet construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground V 2 is poor, does not meet construction requirement；
The grain group of the second level ground V 1 is coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or Quan Gengxin when accumulation
System, grain diameter be 0.075mm ~ 2mm, genetic type be moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, damming phase river and lake accumulate,
Engineering Geological Characteristics are coarse sand, middle sand and fine sand；
The grain group of the second level ground V 2 is powder or sticking grain soil, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter when accumulation
≤ 0.075mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, damming phase river and lake product, and engineering Geological Characteristics are high liquid limit
Clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt and low liquid limit silt.
Preferably, it is more than the sand class of total amount 50% that the grain group medium coarse sand, which is the granule content of partial size > 0.5mm in ground,
Soil, it is more than 50% sandy soil of total amount that wherein middle sand, which is the granule content of partial size > 0.25mm in ground, in grain group, wherein grain group
Medium-fine sand is that the granule content of partial size > 0.075mm in ground is more than 85% sandy soil of total amount.
Preferably, the grain group medium silt is that the granule content of partial size > 0.075mm is no more than the 50% of total amount, and plasticity
Index≤10, wherein in grain group sticking grain soil ground plasticity index > 10.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantages that
(1) present invention accurately can easily describe the basic qualitative features of ground quality of deep covering layer by classification, as
Deep covering layer ground quality condition divides determining basic standard, is applied to the work with deep covering layer engineering Geological Characteristics
In Cheng Jianshe；
(2) present invention can preferably hold deep covering layer ground quality condition, be preferably water power hydraulic engineering region depth
Its stable sex service of thick-covering rational evaluation, different zones, the deep covering material ingredient in different basin and structure feature with
Its engineering properties has close relationship, this is the basis of deep covering layer Engineering Geology Classification；
(3) stage division of the present invention it is scientific and reasonable, it is simple and effective, take into account tradition and universality, can be widely applied to deep covering
The classification of layer ground quality condition.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to embodiment:
It should be noted that structure, ratio, size etc. that this specification is illustrated, only to cooperate specification revealed
Content is not intended to limit the invention enforceable qualifications, Ren Hejie so that those skilled in the art understands and reads
The modification of structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size are not influencing the effect of present invention can be generated and can reach
Under purpose, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents can cover.
Meanwhile cited such as "upper" in this specification, "lower", "left", "right", " centre " and " one " term, also
Only being illustrated convenient for narration, rather than to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness is altered or modified, in nothing
Under essence change technology contents, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
Deep covering layer: being covered on basement rock and the loosely-packed of the various origin causes of formation of the thickness greater than 40m, deposit.
The rich river valley Gao Xia of hydraulic power potentials is the splendid selection area that dam is built in water power hydraulic engineering, but most of basin riverbed
All there are problems that the coating of different-thickness.According to the relevant information, showing Sichuan-Yunnan-Henan within the scope of China greatly is boundary
The northern river valley deep covering layer phenomenon of limit is more universal, and the good river valley deep covering layer stability of reasonable accurate evaluation is to the region
Water power hydraulic engineering construction is particularly significant.The present invention sets 5 grading evaluation indexs: grain group, the accumulation epoch, grain diameter,
Genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics, and comprehensive analysis is carried out according to above-mentioned graded index, 5 graded indexes are divided below
Not Chen Shu:
1. group
Riverbed deep covering layer be fluvial outwash, ice water (moraine) product handling process in formed, with certain thickness accumulation
Object, due to the difference of depositional environment, deep covering layer has different layerings or rock group, but due to macrosome for same rock group
Erratic boulder and cobble, quick melange under the conditions of assortment of the gravel grain of coarse grain and sand grains, the powder of particulate and clay, it is macro
Sight is characterized in assortment, omnidirectional, good without stratification, psephicity.Huge erratic boulder, block stone (structural body) are disorderly mingled in cobble
(rubble), sand, gravel are in close zyklopisch in fine grained soil, in the longitudinal direction without apparent variation tendency, and coarse erratic boulder, ovum
Shi Changyou certain abrasion (secondary circle, subangular) and sorting phenomenon, and the content of the sand grains of coarse grain, gravel grain and particulate is often because of object
Source region rock type and move accumulation condition difference and change greatly.
According to existing research achievement, the classification of riverbed deep covering layer provides that the soil body is divided by grain group according to specification
Erratic boulder, cobble, cobble, boulderet, granule, coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder and sticking grain soil.
2. the epoch of accumulation
Riverbed composed by Quaternary Strata is divided into mid Pleistocene series (Q by the period that accumulation is formed2), upper Pleistocene series (Q3)
System (Q is updated with complete4).
In order to grasp the coating accumulation epoch, use14C surveys year method and carries out survey year to it, is provided by a large amount of engineering practice
Material is summarized, by the corresponding accumulation time classification of different stage in coating ground quality grading are as follows:
Level-one ground IV 1 are as follows: Q2, Q3；
Level-one ground IV 2 and second level ground V 1 are as follows: Q2, Q3, Q4；
Second level ground V 2 are as follows: Q2, Q3；
3. grain diameter
According to the covering layer soil body criteria for classifying, by gravelly soil partial size≤2mm particle content > in " Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering "
50% criteria for classifying as coarse grain composite soil, that is, as the discrimination standard of gravelly soil classification system.
Engineering experience shows that, to the deep covering layer for macroscopically " being free of " clay, they still have a small amount of clay pit
The distribution of object, therefore there is the critical values of quantitative change to qualitative change.In deep covering layer Engineering Geology Classification, major control factors are
Coarse grain class soil, particulate class soil two major classes.
In this regard, the corresponding particle size range of different stage in coating ground quality grading is classified are as follows:
Level-one ground IV 1 be two classes: partial size > 200mm, 200mm >=partial size > 60mm, respectively with erratic boulder in grain group (block stone)
It is corresponding with cobble (rubble).
Level-one ground IV 2 is three classes: 60mm >=partial size > 20mm, 20mm >=partial size > 5mm, 5mm >=partial size > 2mm,
Respectively with cobble, boulderet and the granule of gravelly soil in grain group.
Second level ground V 1 is three classes: 2mm >=partial size > 0.5mm, 0.5mm >=partial size > 0.25mm, 0.25mm >=partial size >
0.075mm, it is corresponding with coarse sand, middle sand, the fine sand of grain group sand grains class soil respectively.
Second level ground V 2 is divided into two classes by particle size range: 0.075mm >=partial size > 0.005mm, partial size≤0.005mm,
It is corresponding with grain group powder, sticking grain soil respectively.
4. genetic type
The genetic type of Riverbed refers to be formed by by a kind of geologic process, is deposited in certain geography geology environment simultaneously
Certain relief form is caused, a variety of deposits with certain features in terms of lithology, lithofacies and contained biology.
Genetic type specifically includes that 1) river valley is cut strongly, and earthquake landslide is collapsed, and forms barrier lake, causes river valley bulk deposition；2) ice
The river incision violent to river valley；3) river water is big, gradient is big；4) eustasy of recent tectonics；5) two rivers are handed over
Meeting；6) regional fault band, easy erosion rock stratum, readily soluble rock stratum, severely-weathered broken rock etc. will form local deep trouth, deep valley etc.；
7) it washes away to form pool under waterfall；8) branch gully mud-rock flow bulk deposition, the exit or entrance of a clitch is nearby and its upstream easily forms deep covering layer；
9) structural ge nesis；10) slump stream be piled into because；11) Climate Cause.According to the above genetic type analysis and summary, by coating rock
The corresponding genetic type summary and induction of different stage in native quality grading are as follows:
Level-one ground IV 1 is two classes: 1. moraine deposits, ice water accumulation, alluviation, ancient slump and ancient mud flow accumulation, 2. moraine heaps
Product, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial.
Level-one ground IV 2 are as follows: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation.
Second level ground V 1 are as follows: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, damming phase river and lake product.
Second level ground V 2 is divided into two classes by origin cause of formation class: 1. moraine deposits, ice water accumulation, alluviation, damming phase river and lake product,
2. the accumulation of moraine deposit, ice water, alluviation, damming phase river and lake product.
5. engineering Geological Characteristics
For riverbed deep covering layer, since its engineering Geological Characteristics has important influence and control to make to particle group in pairs
With, therefore the theoretical basis of Engineering Geology Classification is the correlativity of granularmetric composition and engineering geological property.Therefore, it will cover
The corresponding engineering Geological Characteristics of different stage divide in layer ground quality grading are as follows:
Level-one ground IV 1 are as follows: particle is coarse, block, psephicity are good erratic boulder, cobble: water penetration is very big, inviscid, no capillary water,
Mechanical strength is high, and bearing capacity is good, meets construction requirement.
Level-one ground IV 2 are as follows: gravel: water penetration is big, inviscid, and capillary water height is no more than particle size, mechanics
Intensity is higher, and bearing capacity is good, meets construction requirement.
Second level ground V 1 are as follows: sand: easily permeable, when being mixed into the impurity such as mica, water penetration reduces, compressibility enhancing, nothing
Viscosity, capillary water height is little, becomes smaller with partial size and increases, and mechanical strength is medium, and bearing capacity is medium, does not meet construction and wants
It asks.
Second level ground V 2 is two classes: 1. silty clays, silt: water penetration is small, slightly sticky when wet, increases on capillary water
Spend it is larger easily there is frost heaving compared with block, mechanical strength is lower；2. clay, silt clay: water penetration very little, soft modeling；Hair
Thin rise waterborne is big, but speed is slow, and high-compressibility, bearing capacity is poor, does not meet construction requirement.
Compared with present invention classification is with current " Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering " medium stone soil classification and sand classification, by macrosome or
Block stone rubble composite soil incorporates unified classification system, has fully demonstrated scientific and practicability.
The characteristics of level-one ground IV 1: water penetration is very big, inviscid, no capillary water, and mechanical strength is high, filter loss, infiltration
Stablize, compression and sedimentation and deformation.
The characteristics of level-one ground IV 2: water penetration is big, inviscid, and capillary water height is no more than particle size, and mechanics is strong
Spend higher, leakage, seepage deformation, compression and sedimentation and deformation.
The characteristics of second level ground V 1: water penetration reduces, and compressibility enhancing, inviscid, capillary water height is little, with
Partial size becomes smaller and increases, and mechanical strength is medium, leakage, seepage deformation, compression and sedimentation and deformation, methods of sand liquefaction.
The characteristics of second level ground V 2: water penetration is small, slightly sticky when wet, and capillary water height is larger very fast, easily goes out
Existing frost heaving, mechanical strength is lower, has soft modeling, plasticity, compression and sedimentation and deformation, and vibration is fallen into.
Level-one ground IV 1, level-one ground IV 2, second level ground V 1, V 2 its ground of second level ground bearing capacity successively become
Difference, when 5 graded index grain groups, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics have friendship in ground classification
When fork, with worst index, for brigadier, it is referred in corresponding classification.
Embodiment 1
The invention discloses a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage divisions, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；
Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1):
Wherein the grain group of level-one ground is: one of erratic boulder grain, cobble grain, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of level-one ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter >=2mm granular mass of level-one ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of level-one ground is: in moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump or ancient mud flow accumulation
It is a kind of or in which several,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of level-one ground are: erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil, cobble
One of composite soil, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several；
The grain group of second level ground is: one of coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder or sticking grain soil or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of second level ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter < 2mm granular mass of second level ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of second level ground is: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial or damming phase river and lake product,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of second level ground are: coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, high liquid limit clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt
With one of low liquid limit silt or in which several；
Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement, the carrying of level-one ground according to the classification results of step 2
Power meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement.
Embodiment 2
The invention discloses a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage divisions, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；
Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1):
Wherein the grain group of level-one ground is: one of erratic boulder grain, cobble grain, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of level-one ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter >=2mm granular mass of level-one ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of level-one ground is: in moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump or ancient mud flow accumulation
It is a kind of or in which several,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of level-one ground are: erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil, cobble
One of composite soil, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several；
The grain group of second level ground is: one of coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder or sticking grain soil or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of second level ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter < 2mm granular mass of second level ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of second level ground is: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial or damming phase river and lake product,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of second level ground are: coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, high liquid limit clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt
With one of low liquid limit silt or in which several；
Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement, the carrying of level-one ground according to the classification results of step 2
Power meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement.
Preferably, the level-one ground is divided into level-one ground IV 1 and level-one ground IV 2, wherein the carrying of level-one ground IV 1
Power is good, meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of level-one ground IV 2 is good, meets construction requirement；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 1 is erratic boulder and cobble, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter > when accumulation
60mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump and ancient mud flow accumulation, engineering Geological Characteristics
For erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil and cobble composite soil；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 2 is cobble, boulderet and granule, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete more
New system, grain diameter are 2mm ~ 60mm, and genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, and engineering Geological Characteristics are
Cobble, boulderet and granule.
Embodiment 3
The invention discloses a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage divisions, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；
Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1):
Wherein the grain group of level-one ground is: one of erratic boulder grain, cobble grain, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of level-one ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter >=2mm granular mass of level-one ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of level-one ground is: in moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump or ancient mud flow accumulation
It is a kind of or in which several,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of level-one ground are: erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil, cobble
One of composite soil, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several；
The grain group of second level ground is: one of coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder or sticking grain soil or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of second level ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter < 2mm granular mass of second level ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of second level ground is: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial or damming phase river and lake product,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of second level ground are: coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, high liquid limit clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt
With one of low liquid limit silt or in which several；
Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement, the carrying of level-one ground according to the classification results of step 2
Power meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement.
Preferably, the level-one ground is divided into level-one ground IV 1 and level-one ground IV 2, wherein the carrying of level-one ground IV 1
Power is good, meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of level-one ground IV 2 is good, meets construction requirement；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 1 is erratic boulder and cobble, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter > when accumulation
60mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump and ancient mud flow accumulation, engineering Geological Characteristics
For erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil and cobble composite soil；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 2 is cobble, boulderet and granule, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete more
New system, grain diameter are 2mm ~ 60mm, and genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, and engineering Geological Characteristics are
Cobble, boulderet and granule.
Preferably, over coarse grained soil of the erratic boulder for erratic boulder content in ground greater than cobble content in the grain group；Wherein in grain group
Cobble is the over coarse grained soil that erratic boulder content is not more than cobble content in ground.
Preferably, cobble is the cobble for including > 50% in ground in the grain group, and wherein boulderet is to wrap in ground in grain group
Boulderet containing > 50%, wherein in grain group granule be ground in include > 50% granule.
Embodiment 4
The invention discloses a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage divisions, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；
Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1):
Wherein the grain group of level-one ground is: one of erratic boulder grain, cobble grain, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of level-one ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter >=2mm granular mass of level-one ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of level-one ground is: in moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump or ancient mud flow accumulation
It is a kind of or in which several,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of level-one ground are: erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil, cobble
One of composite soil, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several；
The grain group of second level ground is: one of coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder or sticking grain soil or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of second level ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter < 2mm granular mass of second level ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of second level ground is: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial or damming phase river and lake product,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of second level ground are: coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, high liquid limit clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt
With one of low liquid limit silt or in which several；
Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement, the carrying of level-one ground according to the classification results of step 2
Power meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement.
Preferably, the level-one ground is divided into level-one ground IV 1 and level-one ground IV 2, wherein the carrying of level-one ground IV 1
Power is good, meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of level-one ground IV 2 is good, meets construction requirement；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 1 is erratic boulder and cobble, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter > when accumulation
60mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump and ancient mud flow accumulation, engineering Geological Characteristics
For erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil and cobble composite soil；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 2 is cobble, boulderet and granule, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete more
New system, grain diameter are 2mm ~ 60mm, and genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, and engineering Geological Characteristics are
Cobble, boulderet and granule.
Preferably, over coarse grained soil of the erratic boulder for erratic boulder content in ground greater than cobble content in the grain group；Wherein in grain group
Cobble is the over coarse grained soil that erratic boulder content is not more than cobble content in ground.
Preferably, cobble is the cobble for including > 50% in ground in the grain group, and wherein boulderet is to wrap in ground in grain group
Boulderet containing > 50%, wherein in grain group granule be ground in include > 50% granule.
Preferably, the second level ground is divided into second level ground V 1 and second level ground V 2, wherein the carrying of second level ground V 1
Power is medium, does not meet construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground V 2 is poor, does not meet construction requirement；
The grain group of the second level ground V 1 is coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or Quan Gengxin when accumulation
System, grain diameter be 0.075mm ~ 2mm, genetic type be moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, damming phase river and lake accumulate,
Engineering Geological Characteristics are coarse sand, middle sand and fine sand；
The grain group of the second level ground V 2 is powder or sticking grain soil, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter when accumulation
≤ 0.075mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, damming phase river and lake product, and engineering Geological Characteristics are high liquid limit
Clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt and low liquid limit silt.
Embodiment 5
The invention discloses a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage divisions, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；
Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1):
Wherein the grain group of level-one ground is: one of erratic boulder grain, cobble grain, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of level-one ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter >=2mm granular mass of level-one ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of level-one ground is: in moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump or ancient mud flow accumulation
It is a kind of or in which several,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of level-one ground are: erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil, cobble
One of composite soil, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several；
The grain group of second level ground is: one of coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder or sticking grain soil or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of second level ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter < 2mm granular mass of second level ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of second level ground is: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial or damming phase river and lake product,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of second level ground are: coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, high liquid limit clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt
With one of low liquid limit silt or in which several；
Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement, the carrying of level-one ground according to the classification results of step 2
Power meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement.
Preferably, the level-one ground is divided into level-one ground IV 1 and level-one ground IV 2, wherein the carrying of level-one ground IV 1
Power is good, meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of level-one ground IV 2 is good, meets construction requirement；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 1 is erratic boulder and cobble, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter > when accumulation
60mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump and ancient mud flow accumulation, engineering Geological Characteristics
For erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil and cobble composite soil；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 2 is cobble, boulderet and granule, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete more
New system, grain diameter are 2mm ~ 60mm, and genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, and engineering Geological Characteristics are
Cobble, boulderet and granule.
Preferably, over coarse grained soil of the erratic boulder for erratic boulder content in ground greater than cobble content in the grain group；Wherein in grain group
Cobble is the over coarse grained soil that erratic boulder content is not more than cobble content in ground.
Preferably, cobble is the cobble for including > 50% in ground in the grain group, and wherein boulderet is to wrap in ground in grain group
Boulderet containing > 50%, wherein in grain group granule be ground in include > 50% granule.
Preferably, the second level ground is divided into second level ground V 1 and second level ground V 2, wherein the carrying of second level ground V 1
Power is medium, does not meet construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground V 2 is poor, does not meet construction requirement；
The grain group of the second level ground V 1 is coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or Quan Gengxin when accumulation
System, grain diameter be 0.075mm ~ 2mm, genetic type be moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, damming phase river and lake accumulate,
Engineering Geological Characteristics are coarse sand, middle sand and fine sand；
The grain group of the second level ground V 2 is powder or sticking grain soil, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter when accumulation
≤ 0.075mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, damming phase river and lake product, and engineering Geological Characteristics are high liquid limit
Clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt and low liquid limit silt.
Preferably, it is more than the sand class of total amount 50% that the grain group medium coarse sand, which is the granule content of partial size > 0.5mm in ground,
Soil, it is more than 50% sandy soil of total amount that wherein middle sand, which is the granule content of partial size > 0.25mm in ground, in grain group, wherein grain group
Medium-fine sand is that the granule content of partial size > 0.075mm in ground is more than 85% sandy soil of total amount.
Embodiment 6
The invention discloses a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage divisions, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；
Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1):
Wherein the grain group of level-one ground is: one of erratic boulder grain, cobble grain, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of level-one ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter >=2mm granular mass of level-one ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of level-one ground is: in moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump or ancient mud flow accumulation
It is a kind of or in which several,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of level-one ground are: erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil, cobble
One of composite soil, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several；
The grain group of second level ground is: one of coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder or sticking grain soil or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of second level ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter < 2mm granular mass of second level ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of second level ground is: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial or damming phase river and lake product,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of second level ground are: coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, high liquid limit clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt
With one of low liquid limit silt or in which several；
Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement, the carrying of level-one ground according to the classification results of step 2
Power meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement.
Preferably, the level-one ground is divided into level-one ground IV 1 and level-one ground IV 2, wherein the carrying of level-one ground IV 1
Power is good, meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of level-one ground IV 2 is good, meets construction requirement；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 1 is erratic boulder and cobble, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter > when accumulation
60mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump and ancient mud flow accumulation, engineering Geological Characteristics
For erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil and cobble composite soil；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 2 is cobble, boulderet and granule, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete more
New system, grain diameter are 2mm ~ 60mm, and genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, and engineering Geological Characteristics are
Cobble, boulderet and granule.
Preferably, over coarse grained soil of the erratic boulder for erratic boulder content in ground greater than cobble content in the grain group；Wherein in grain group
Cobble is the over coarse grained soil that erratic boulder content is not more than cobble content in ground.
Preferably, cobble is the cobble for including > 50% in ground in the grain group, and wherein boulderet is to wrap in ground in grain group
Boulderet containing > 50%, wherein in grain group granule be ground in include > 50% granule.
Preferably, the second level ground is divided into second level ground V 1 and second level ground V 2, wherein the carrying of second level ground V 1
Power is medium, does not meet construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground V 2 is poor, does not meet construction requirement；
The grain group of the second level ground V 1 is coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or Quan Gengxin when accumulation
System, grain diameter be 0.075mm ~ 2mm, genetic type be moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, damming phase river and lake accumulate,
Engineering Geological Characteristics are coarse sand, middle sand and fine sand；
The grain group of the second level ground V 2 is powder or sticking grain soil, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter when accumulation
≤ 0.075mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, damming phase river and lake product, and engineering Geological Characteristics are high liquid limit
Clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt and low liquid limit silt.
Preferably, it is more than the sand class of total amount 50% that the grain group medium coarse sand, which is the granule content of partial size > 0.5mm in ground,
Soil, it is more than 50% sandy soil of total amount that wherein middle sand, which is the granule content of partial size > 0.25mm in ground, in grain group, wherein grain group
Medium-fine sand is that the granule content of partial size > 0.075mm in ground is more than 85% sandy soil of total amount.
Preferably, the grain group medium silt is that the granule content of partial size > 0.075mm is no more than the 50% of total amount, and plasticity
Index≤10, wherein in grain group sticking grain soil ground plasticity index > 10.
Embodiment 7
Acquire northern river valley deep covering layer sample 1, determine that grain group is erratic boulder and cobble, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, on more
New system, 60mm < grain diameter≤200mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, ancient slump and ancient mud flow
Accumulation, engineering Geological Characteristics are erratic boulder, cobble.
Embodiment 8
Acquire northern river valley deep covering layer sample 2, determine that grain group is boulderet, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or
Complete to update system, 5mm < grain diameter≤20mm, genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, and engineering Geological Characteristics are
Boulderet and granule.
Embodiment 9
Acquire northern river valley deep covering layer sample 3, judgements grain group is middle sand, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or
Complete to update system, 0.25mm < grain diameter≤0.5mm, genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, damming phase
River and lake product, engineering Geological Characteristics are middle sand.
Embodiment 10
Acquire northern river valley deep covering layer sample 4, determine grain group be powder, sticking grain soil, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, on more
New system, 0.005mm < grain diameter≤0.075mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, damming phase river and lake
Product, engineering Geological Characteristics are high liquid limit clay.
For stage division through the invention it is found that embodiment 7 is level-one ground IV 1, ground quality characteristic is leakage damage
It loses, seepage stability, compression and sedimentation and deformation, water penetration is very big, inviscid, no capillary water, and mechanical strength is high, and bearing capacity is good, symbol
Close construction requirement；Embodiment 8 is level-one ground IV 2, and ground quality characteristic is to leak, seepage deformation, compression and sedimentation and deformation,
Water penetration is big, inviscid, and capillary water height is no more than particle size, and mechanical strength is higher, and bearing capacity is good, meets construction
It is required that；Embodiment 9 is second level ground V 1, and ground quality characteristic is leakage, seepage deformation, and compression and sedimentation and deformation, sand shake
Hydrodynamic, inviscid, capillary water height is little, becomes smaller with partial size and increases, and mechanical strength is medium, and bearing capacity is medium, no
Meeting construction requirement, embodiment 10 is second level ground V 2, and ground quality characteristic is that compression is fallen into sedimentation (consolidation) deformation, vibration,
Water penetration is small, and capillary water height is larger frost heaving easily occurs compared with block, and mechanical strength is lower, and bearing capacity is poor, does not meet
Construction requirement.
Stage division of the present invention is based on a large amount of field measurement data, can rationally accurately by veritifying repeatedly
Deep covering layer gross qualitative features are evaluated, can be used as the basic standard of deep covering layer classification.
The present invention accurately can easily describe the basic qualitative features of ground quality of deep covering layer by classification, as
Deep covering layer ground quality condition divides determining basic standard, is applied to the work with deep covering layer engineering Geological Characteristics
In Cheng Jianshe.
The present invention can preferably hold deep covering layer ground quality condition, and the principle of classification is scientific, simple and effective, simultaneous
Gu Chuantong and universality are preferably its stable sex service of water power hydraulic engineering region deep covering layer rational evaluation, not same district
Domain, the deep covering material ingredient in different basins and structure feature and its engineering properties have close relationship, this is deep covers
The basis of cap rock Engineering Geology Classification.
The preferred embodiment for the present invention is explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments,
Those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of knowledge, can also make various without departing from the purpose of the present invention
Variation.
Many other changes and remodeling can be made by not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.It should be appreciated that the present invention is not
It is limited to specific embodiment, the scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1) analyzes grain group, accumulation epoch, grain diameter, the genetic type, engineering Geological Characteristics of ground respectively；
Step 2 determines that ground is level-one ground or second level ground according to step 1):
Wherein the grain group of level-one ground is: one of erratic boulder, cobble, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of level-one ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter >=2mm granular mass of level-one ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of level-one ground is: in moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump or ancient mud flow accumulation
It is a kind of or in which several,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of level-one ground are: erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil, cobble
One of composite soil, cobble, boulderet and granule or in which several；
The grain group of second level ground is: one of coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, powder or sticking grain soil or in which several,
The accumulation epoch of second level ground are: mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete update one of system or in which several,
Grain diameter < 2mm granular mass of second level ground is more than gross mass 50%,
The genetic type of second level ground is: moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial or damming phase river and lake product,
The engineering Geological Characteristics of second level ground are: coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, high liquid limit clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt
With one of low liquid limit silt or in which several；
Step 3) judges whether the bearing capacity of ground meets construction requirement, the carrying of level-one ground according to the classification results of step 2
Power meets construction requirement, and the bearing capacity of second level ground does not meet construction requirement.
2. a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It states level-one ground and is divided into level-one ground IV 1 and level-one ground IV 2, wherein the bearing capacity of level-one ground IV 1 is good, meets construction and wants
It asks, the bearing capacity of level-one ground IV 2 is good, meets construction requirement；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 1 is erratic boulder and cobble, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter > when accumulation
60mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, ancient slump and ancient mud flow accumulation, engineering Geological Characteristics
For erratic boulder, cobble, composite soil erratic boulder, composite soil cobble, erratic boulder composite soil and cobble composite soil；
The grain group of the level-one ground IV 2 is cobble, boulderet and granule, when accumulation on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or it is complete more
New system, grain diameter are 2mm ~ 60mm, and genetic type is moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, and engineering Geological Characteristics are
Cobble, boulderet and granule.
3. a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating erratic boulder in a group is the over coarse grained soil that erratic boulder content is greater than cobble content in ground；Wherein cobble is that erratic boulder contains in ground in grain group
Amount is not more than the over coarse grained soil of cobble content.
4. a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute
To state cobble in a group be in ground include > 50% cobble, wherein in grain group boulderet to be in ground include > 50% boulderet,
Granule is the granule in ground comprising > 50% in middle grain group.
5. a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It states second level ground and is divided into second level ground V 1 and second level ground V 2, wherein the bearing capacity of second level ground V 1 is medium, does not meet construction
It is required that the bearing capacity of second level ground V 2 is poor, construction requirement is not met；
The grain group of the second level ground V 1 is coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series, upper Pleistocene series or Quan Gengxin when accumulation
System, grain diameter be 0.075mm ~ 2mm, genetic type be moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, proluvial, damming phase river and lake accumulate,
Engineering Geological Characteristics are coarse sand, middle sand and fine sand；
The grain group of the second level ground V 2 is powder or sticking grain soil, on behalf of mid Pleistocene series and upper Pleistocene series, grain diameter when accumulation
≤ 0.075mm, genetic type are moraine deposit, ice water accumulation, alluviation, damming phase river and lake product, and engineering Geological Characteristics are high liquid limit
Clay, low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit silt and low liquid limit silt.
6. a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: institute
The sandy soil that the granule content that grain group medium coarse sand is partial size > 0.5mm in ground is more than total amount 50% is stated, wherein middle sand is in grain group
The granule content of partial size > 0.25mm is more than 50% sandy soil of total amount in ground, and wherein grain group medium-fine sand is partial size in ground
The granule content of > 0.075mm is more than 85% sandy soil of total amount.
7. a kind of deep covering layer ground quality engineering geology stage division according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: institute
It states the granule content that grain group medium silt is partial size > 0.075mm and is no more than the 50% of total amount, and plasticity index≤10, wherein grain group
The ground plasticity index > 10 of middle sticking grain soil.
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