CN107220782A - The soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety is utilized - Google Patents
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Abstract
Method of discrimination is classified the invention discloses the soil environment quality that a kind of Reclaimed Land classification safety is utilized.This method proposes setting based on the safe and healthy two-stage soil safety threshold value of agricultural product：Threshold value I and threshold value II；According to the corresponding pollution risk rank of two-stage threshold value, 3 class safe utilization approach are provided：Preferential crop ped location, limitation crop ped location, ecological management and control area；Build the quantitative relationship between crop pollution thing content and soil pollutant concentration to determine the final value of the threshold value II of pollutant in soil by pot experiment.The interval of values of threshold value I and threshold value II is big, applied widely, workable, and the cultivated land resource of locality can be supplemented to greatest extent.This method builds the quantitative formula between soil and crop pollution thing content by pot experiment, and combining the Elements research formulation localization Reclaimed Land standard of soil environment quality such as local soil pollution feature, land reclamation needs, proportion of crop planting custom for each department provides robust techniques route and method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil environment quality classification technique field, the classification safety for being related to Reclaimed Land is utilized, specifically related to
And the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that a kind of Reclaimed Land classification safety is utilized.
Background technology
Enter in Chinese society economic development under the macroscopic in transitional period, the large size city such as Beijing, Shanghai is by last round of
Land sprawl that " increment type planning " is brought, resource scarcity, environmental degradation and increasingly highlight the problems such as " big city disease ".In state
Family is advocated under intensive and saving use land used, the idea of development guiding for carrying out construction land overall control, these large size cities start by
It is progressive enter " decrement epoch ", and by the hang-up focused on for a long time of decrement --- on poorly efficient industrial land.To collection
Poorly efficient industrial land beyond middle construction area implements minimizing and reclaimed to be to solve that urban land resource is very nervous, effective break through soil
A kind of unavoidable selection under ground bottlenecks.《Shanghai City overall planning (2016-2040)》With regard to proposing to push greatly
The poorly efficient industrial land minimizing of dynamic storage, to the year two thousand forty, whole city's industrial land accounts for the specific gravity control of construction land in 10%-
15%, the whole city concentrates the poorly efficient industrial land built beyond area with planning outside planning Industrial Area, will progressively implement minimizing, and reclaim
Into farming land or ecological land.
However, the poorly efficient industrial land in city had enterprise business, and place historical upheaval is frequent, environment is dirty
Dye situation is complicated, and part industrial enterprise is related to the high pollution industry such as chemical industry, plating, printing and dyeing, there is soil/underground water pollution wind
Danger, if the agricultural use mode or approach after being reclaimed to it are dealt with improperly, can threaten agricultural product security.In country《Soil is dirty
Dye prevents and treats action plan》Emphasize to implement " safe utilization " to contaminated soil, and advocate the big of implementation Classification of Agricultural Land management
Under background, the poorly efficient construction land that may be polluted to a certain degree should also carry out safe profit during farming land is reclaimed into
With and Classification Management.But how reclamation field is classified, how safe utilization is implemented to it, it is desirable to have differentiate different safety
The standard of soil environment quality system of utilization ways.
Multinomial Soil Environmental Pollution control normative document has been issued and implemented in current State-level and place, is related generally to agricultural
Ground standard of soil environment quality, construction land soil pollution risk screening value etc..Farming land standard of soil environment quality has《Soil
Environmental quality standards》(GB15618-1995)、《Farming land standard of soil environment quality》(exposure draft),《Edible agricultural product
Environmental quality evaluation of production area standard (HJ 332-2006)》.Some areas are to " residential land is the sensitive land used of representative " and " work
Industry land used is the non-sensitive land used of representative " all formulated risk screening value, such as《The screening of construction land soil pollution risk is instructed
Value》(exposure draft), Beijing《Place soil environmental risk assessment screening value》(DB/11T 811-2011)、《Shanghai City place
Soil environment health risk assessment screening value》Deng.But the related soil environment matter of farming land is reclaimed into for poorly efficient industrial land
Amount standard is in blank.Existing farming land related soil environmental quality standards are not suitable for differentiating the safety of Reclaimed Land substantially
Utilization ways, are primarily due to current standard and there is following obvious problem in terms of formulation：
(1) appraisement system of standard is defective.Existing farming land standard of soil environment quality system is on the whole to soil
Earth environment is evaluated and managed, and the differentiation to " exceeded " and " pollution " of soil pollution index is not very rigorous, and items refer to
Target assignment is wide sternly to differ, such as Cd numeric ratios are tighter, and Pb numerical value is relatively wide.In most cases, if by certain heavy metal species
The soil that content exceedes farming land soil quality standard is referred to as " contaminated soil " (being not suitable for kind of a crops), this definition pollution
The method of soil may waste many cultivated land resources when Implement Construction land used minimizing is reclaimed.This may hinder each department effective
The Reclaimed Land of safe utilization difference pollution level, and this city cultivated land resource is supplemented to greatest extent.
(2) formulating method of standard is defective, and current standard main just " soil " formulates soil environment quality mark in itself
Standard, to prevent soil pollution, ensures agricultural and forestry production and health.Current standard has according to purposes different with forest land of ploughing to soil
Earth environmental quality is classified, and the different threshold values of contamination index are also defined according to changes of pH, but is ignored substantially not
With otherness of the variety of crops to soil pollution cumulative effect, soil is determined not according to the Limit of Contamination value of edible agricultural product
Secure threshold.In fact, considering that the low accumulation of pollution, middle accumulation or high accumulation type agricultural product are made to the tolerance of soil pollutant
Standard of soil environment quality is determined, to differentiating that the classification safety utilization ways of Reclaimed Land are most important.
(3) scope of application of standard is defective.Existing farming land Soil-environmental standard system belongs to the state of clean cut
Family's standard, the threshold range performance of majority parameters " is narrow ", simply according to soil pH value scope or farming type (paddy field, fruit
Garden etc.) suitably pull open, cause the scope of application less than normal.Current standard is to each department edaphic condition, consumption habit, edible farming article
Otherness between kind considers not enough, causes each department when specific implementation construction land reclaims agricultural, if according to existing agriculture
Standard for land use differentiates reclamation field safe utilization approach, the problem of there is poor operability, because various regions are by local soil political affairs
Influence in terms of plan, Land-Use, agricultural development direction, proportion of crop planting kind is larger.In addition, different Reclaimed Lands
Soil contamination grade and scale differ greatly, threshold range relatively single in current standard, it is impossible to meet construction land answer
The safe utilization of farming land and being actually needed for Classification Management are cultivated into, can not be according to different crops kind to soil environment matter
The requirement of amount provides the safe utilization approach in specific plot.
Therefore, it is necessary to according to the actual pollution situation of each department Reclaimed Land, to protect edible agricultural product security to lead
To formulation meets local poorly efficient industrial land and reclaims agricultural target and different safe utilization approach (arable land, forest land etc.) etc. relatively
The soil pollutant secure threshold answered, and the soil environment quality of the Reclaimed Land safe utilization of localization is built on this basis
Grade scale system.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：One kind is provided meets local poorly efficient industrial land and reclaim agricultural target, from different safety
The soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that the corresponding Reclaimed Land classification safety of utilization ways (arable land, forest land etc.) is utilized,
So as to the soil environment quality grade scale of the Reclaimed Land safe utilization that builds localization on this basis.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that a kind of Reclaimed Land classification safety of the present invention is utilized：
(1), overall classification method of discrimination is following (i.e. the master-plan of grade scale)：
According to country《Soil Pollution Control action plan》Propose that farming land implements Classification Management and the requirement of safe utilization,
The risk management and control target of farming land is reclaimed into for poorly efficient construction land, two-stage soil safety threshold value is set --- Low threshold (peace
Full threshold value I) and high threshold (secure threshold II), grade scale formulation framework is shown in Fig. 1.Safe utilization point in plot of specifically reclaiming
When level differentiates, when pollutant in soil content is less than or equal to secure threshold I, the plot is incorporated into " preferential crop ped location ", it is right
The agricultural product kind of plantation is not intended to be limited in any；When pollutant in soil content is between secure threshold I and secure threshold II
When, then the plot is incorporated into " limitation crop ped location ", low accumulation variety of crops and non-edible variety of crops are planted in limitation；Work as soil
When pollutant load exceedes secure threshold II in earth, then the plot is incorporated into " ecological management and control area ", be used as repairing type forest land, plantation
For the over-accumulated plant of priority pollutant, implement the natural reclamation activities that can be monitored.
In order to which contamination risk is preferably minimized, when the contaminated area that every one-level pollutes reaches the 50% of the plot gross area
Above (containing), subregion is not carried out inside plot, but whole plot is directly incorporated into the safe utilization type of the rank.Such as
When certain contaminated area of plot soil pollutant concentration between secure threshold I and secure threshold II reaches the plot gross area
More than 50% (containing), then whole plot (including uncontamination area) is incorporated into as " limitation crop ped location ".
The assignment method general thought of threshold value I and threshold value II is as follows：Directly adopt soil of the State-level about farming land
Environmental quality standards, take each index high value of the corresponding pollutant of neutral soil of pH6.5~7.5 as in reclamation field soil
The secure threshold I of pollutant；Contaminated soil sample is gathered from reclamation field, certain pollutant is mixedly configured into cleaning soil
The contaminated soil of concentration gradient, the higher low accumulation variety of crops of the local consumption figure of selection carries out pot experiment；Determine farming
The fresh fruit of thing is the pollutant load in agricultural product, and the pollutant built in pollutant load and soil in agricultural product contains
Quantitative relationship between amount, builds regression equation；According to the pollutant Limited Doses of edible portion in agricultural product, calculating obtains soil
The Limited Doses of pollutant load in earth；By domestic and international and agricultural relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system farming land soil
Pollutant load standard value or screening value in the higher Limited Doses of numerical value, with calculating obtained soil pollutant content Limited Doses
" median " of array is compared, and " median " is rationally rounded, in the soil for determining Reclaimed Land safe utilization
The final value of pollutant secure threshold II.
For heavy-metal contaminated soil, directly adopt standard of soil environment quality of the State-level about farming land, take
Each index high value of the corresponding heavy metal of neutral soil of pH6.5~7.5 as reclamation field heavy metal in soil safety threshold
Value I；Contaminated soil sample is gathered from the reclamation field of heavy metal pollution, certain heavy metal is mixedly configured into cleaning soil dense
The contaminated soil of gradient is spent, the higher low accumulation variety of crops of the local consumption figure of selection carries out pot experiment；Determine crops
Fresh fruit be content of beary metal in agricultural product, build the content of beary metal in the content of beary metal and soil in agricultural product
Between quantitative relationship, build regression equation；According to the heavy metal limit value of edible portion in agricultural product, calculating obtains soil
The Limited Doses of middle heavy metal contaminants content；By numerical value in domestic and international and agricultural relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system
The Limited Doses of higher heavy metal contaminants content, the Limited Doses array with calculating obtained heavy metal in soil pollutant load
" median " be compared, " median " is rationally rounded, the peace of the heavy metal in soil of Reclaimed Land safe utilization is determined
The final value of full threshold value II.
(2), the assignment method of threshold value I
Threshold value I directly adopts standard of soil environment quality of the State-level about farming land：China has《Edible agricultural product production
Ground environmental quality assessment standard (HJ 332-2006)》、《Standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995)》And《Farming land soil
Earth environmental quality standards》(three exposure drafts), takes the corresponding each index high value of neutral soil (pH 6.5~7.5).
(3), the assignment method and step of threshold value II
The evaluating technology route and step of threshold value II are shown in Fig. 2, and the implementation of step is as follows one by one：
(1) regression equation between soil and crop pollution thing content is built
1) the low accumulation proportion of crop planting of various concentrations contaminated soil
Local several low accumulation agricultural product kind is selected, carries out the dirt of various concentrations gradient for main contamination index
Soil potted plant experiment or field test are contaminated, by laboratory testing analysis and data analysis, the pollution of agricultural product edible part is built
Regression equation between thing (heavy metal) content (variable Y) and soil pollutant (based on heavy metal) concentration (variable X).
2) the regression equation screening in classical documents
The inquiry pertinent literature delivered both at home and abroad, collect agricultural contaminant (based on heavy metal) content (variable Y) with
Quantitative relationship equation between pollutant in soil (based on heavy metal) concentration (variable X).
(2) pollutant limitation assignment method in agricultural product
The assignment that pollutant is limited the quantity in agricultural product should be specific as follows synchronously using 3 kinds of methods：
1) obtaining value method based on national standard
Inquiry《National food safety standard pollutants in food limits the quantity (GB 2762-2012)》For in fresh agricultural product
Lead (Pb), the Limited Doses that propose of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), benzo [a] pyrene index, and according to different agricultural productions
Product kind (all kinds of cereal, veterinary antibiotics etc.) adopts corresponding pollutant Limited Doses.
2) it is based on the obtaining value method of target hazard index (THQ)
Pollutant in edible agricultural product is evaluated using target hazard index method (Tanget hazand quotients, THQ)
(based on heavy metal) is to the health risk of human body, specific formula for calculation：THQ=(C × EF × ED × IR)/(BW × AT ×
RfD)×10-3.In formula, C is the average content (mg/kg) of pollutant in fresh crops；EF is exposure frequency (365d/a)；ED
For exposure year (70a)；IR is that (adult's uptake rate presses 335g/d to the daily fresh crops uptake rate of China, and children's uptake rate is pressed
232g/d)；BW is the average weight of China's human body (based on 60.3kg, children's body weight is based on 32.7kg for adult's body weight)；AT is flat
Equal open-assembly time (365d/a × exposure year a).RfD is to be orally ingested reference dose (Reference Dose), Primary Reference
The reference of main contamination index is directed in American National Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) integrated risk information system (IRIS) and in other sources
Dosage, is specifically shown in Table 1.
The Heavy Metals index of table 1 is orally ingested reference dose (RfD) (unit：mg/kg·d)
| Heavy metal | Cd | Cr | Cu | Ni | Pb | Zn | Hg | As | Mn |
| RfD(mg/kg/d) | 0.001 | 1.5 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.0036 | 0.3 | 0.00016 | 0.0003 | 0.14 |
When THQ value≤1, show that the agricultural product consumption that human body grows to target area does not produce health risk substantially；THQ values ＞
When 1, human health risk can be caused.THQ=1 is set here, the limit of pollutant in fresh crops is extrapolated by above-mentioned formula
Value (mg/kg).
3) it is based on the obtaining value method of acceptable daily intake (ADI)
Intake (Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI) can be allowed to refer to certain daily ingestion of change of human or animal daily
Learn material, to dosage of the health without any known ill effect.It is accustomed to reference to ADI and crops current consumption, can extrapolates new
Pollutant Limited Doses in fresh crops, specific formula is：CF=ADI/IR.In formula, CF represents that pollutant is limited the quantity in agricultural product
(mg/kg), IR (Intake Rate) represents the daily ingestion speed (fresh weight) of agricultural product, takes 0.335kg/d；ADI value quotes joint
Food and agricultural organization of state and the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) etc. study specified value, such as Hg, Cd,
Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn ADI value be respectively 0.043mg/ people/d, 0.060mg/ people/d, 0.214mg/ people/d, 0.2mg/ people/d,
12mg/ people/d, 33mg//people/d, (adult, in terms of 60kg).
(3) the soil pollutant Limited Doses based on agricultural product security are calculated
Every pollutant Limited Doses (Y) substitute into the corresponding all " soil of the index one by one in the agricultural product calculated by more than
In regression equation between earth-agricultural product " pollutant load, the every pollutant index of the soil based on agricultural product security is calculated
Limited Doses (variable X).Each index can form an array, calculate the median of array.
(4) the final value of reclamation field soil pollutant secure threshold II
Inquiry both at home and abroad with agricultural relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system, concern set wider (numerical value is higher)
Limited Doses, by the standard value of farming land soil or screening value, with the soil pollution index Limited Doses array " middle position above calculated
Number " is compared, and " median " is rationally rounded, i.e., as the secure threshold II of the contamination index.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Meet local poorly efficient industrial land the invention provides one kind to reclaim agricultural target, from different safe utilization approach
Soil environment quality that (arable land, forest land etc.) corresponding Reclaimed Land classification safety is utilized classification method of discrimination, thus can be
Build the soil environment quality grade scale of the Reclaimed Land safe utilization of localization on the basis of this, governments at all levels and department can be with
The soil environment quality grade scale of the Reclaimed Land safe utilization of localization is formulated accordingly.
The soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that the Reclaimed Land classification safety of the present invention is utilized, with following several respects
Technical advantage：
(1) the classification method of discrimination reclaims into the risk management and control target of farming land for poorly efficient construction land, proposes setting
Two-stage soil safety threshold value：Threshold value I and threshold value II.According to the corresponding pollution risk rank of two-stage threshold value, 3 classes safety profit is defined
With approach (preferential crop ped location, limitation crop ped location, ecological management and control area), meet country《Soil Pollution Control action plan》Propose dirty
Contaminate the soil basic demand with high safety using with farming land implementation Classification Management.The interval of values of threshold value I and threshold value II is allowed
It is larger so that applicability of standard is wide, workable, solve poorly efficient construction land agricultural agricultural product quality and safety of reclaiming and ask
Topic simultaneously, the cultivated land resource of locality can be supplemented to greatest extent.
(2) the classification method of discrimination is using edible agricultural product quality and safety as core, by soil and crop pollution thing
Quantitative formula (regression equation) between content, and by substituting into pollutant Limited Doses in crops, accurately derive
The secure threshold (acceptable minimum safe threshold value) of pollutant in soil, overcome assignment in conventional method be based on insufficient grounds, mistake
Degree payes attention to soil quality and ignores defect of the agricultural product to pollution accumulation effect in itself.This method is proposed by local low accumulation
The pot experiment of variety of crops, builds the quantitative formula between soil and crop pollution thing content, is each department
The field of reclaiming of localization is formulated with reference to Elements research such as local soil pollution feature, land reclamation needs, proportion of crop planting customs
There is provided robust techniques route and method for ground standard of soil environment quality.This method proposes 3 kinds of crops based on health
Middle pollutant Limited Doses assignment method, including derive based on THQ, derived based on ADI and directly quote food contaminant limitation
National standard (GB2762-2012).
(3) the classification method of discrimination is except setting soil environment quality secure threshold, it is also expressly that proposed based on " pollution
The plot safe utilization standard of reclaiming of area " index, such as when the contaminated area that every one-level pollutes reaches the plot gross area
Subregion is not carried out inside more than 50% (containing), plot, whole plot is directly grouped into the safe utilization type of the rank.This classification
Standard differentiates that the safe utilization approach in specific plot of reclaiming provides decision-making foundation for various regions government, for working unit specific implementation
Reclaimed Land agricultural suitability, which is assessed, provides Technical Reference.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination schematic diagram of the Reclaimed Land safe utilization in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the assignment procedure figure of the Reclaimed Land soil safety threshold value II in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the quantitative relationship figure of Pb contents (Y) and P in soil b concentration (X) in the cucumber in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is the quantitative relationship figure of Pb contents (Y) and P in soil b concentration (X) in the green pepper in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 5 is the quantitative relationship figure of Cd contents (Y) and soil Cd concentration (X) in the cucumber in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 6 is the quantitative relationship figure of Cd contents (Y) and soil Cd concentration (X) in the green pepper in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
The Reclaimed Land safe utilization classification method of discrimination of Pb contaminated soils：
(1), reclaim the Pb contaminated soil environmental quality classification method of discrimination (totality of grade scale of plot safe utilization
Design)：
According to country of China《Soil Pollution Control action plan》Propose that farming land implements Classification Management and safe utilization
It is required that, the risk management and control target of farming land is reclaimed into for poorly efficient construction land, two-stage soil safety threshold value --- low threshold is set
It is worth (threshold value I) and high threshold (threshold value II), grade scale formulates framework and sees Fig. 1.Safe utilization in plot of specifically reclaiming is classified
During differentiation, when Pb pollutant loads are less than (or equal to) threshold value I in soil, then " preferential crop ped location " is incorporated in plot into, to plantation
Agricultural product kind be not intended to be limited in any；When Pb pollutant loads are between threshold value I and threshold value II in soil, then incorporate into
Low accumulation variety of crops and non-edible variety of crops are planted in " limitation crop ped location ", limitation；When Pb pollutant loads in soil
During more than threshold value II, then incorporate " ecological management and control area " into, as repairing type forest land, plantation is planted for the super accumulation of priority pollutant
Thing, implements the natural reclamation activities that can be monitored.
In order to which contamination risk is preferably minimized, when the contaminated area that every one-level pollutes reaches the 50% of the plot gross area
Above (containing), subregion is not carried out inside plot, but whole plot is directly grouped into the safe utilization type of the rank.Such as when certain
Pb pollutant concentrations reach the 50% of the plot gross area between the contaminated area between threshold value I and threshold value II in the soil of plot
Above (containing), then whole plot (including uncontamination area) then should be used as " limitation crop ped location ".
(2), the value (assignment method) of Pb threshold values I
Various countries and area are variant to the regulation of Pb standard values or screening value in farming land soil.Holland, Canada etc. are sent out
Pb standard values or screening value up to national farming land soil are generally 50~100mg/kg, U.S. city farm (Urban
Farmland) Pb one-level screening value (SSV1) is 34mg/kg.China《Edible rapid test paper environmental quality assessment standard (HJ
332-2006)》It is 50mg/kg (6.5 to provide vegetable soil Pb index limits<PH≤7.5), paddy field, nonirrigated farmland, orchard soil Pb
Index limits are 80mg/kg (6.5<pH≤7.5).《Farming land standard of soil environment quality (three times consult on)》Regulation is ploughed
Ground, field, the total lead content limit value of grassland soil are 160mg/kg (6.5<pH≤7.5).
To sum up, in reclamation field soil Pb threshold value I desirable to set value wider《Farming land standard of soil environment quality (three
It is secondary to consult on)》Pb standard values, that is, take 160mg/kg.
(3), the assignment method and step of threshold value II
(1) quantitative relationship (structure regression equation) between heavy metal-polluted soil and agricultural product heavy metal
Pedotheque is gathered in the reclamation field polluted from Shanghai Pb, 6 kinds of Pb concentration are mixedly configured into cleaning soil
The contaminated soil (20,100,200,300,400,480mg/kg) of gradient, the higher low accumulation crops of the local consumption figure of selection
Kind cucumber and green pepper carry out pot experiment.The Pb contents in fresh fruit are determined, vegetables Pb contents (Y) is built and P in soil b is dense
Spend the quantitative relationship of (X).
Measurement result shows Pb 0.010~0.154mg/kg of content in (see Fig. 3, Fig. 4), cucumber, pollutes most heavy potted plant
Cucumber Pb contents exceed《National food safety standard pollutants in food limits the quantity (GB 2762-2012)》Pb Limited Doses
The degree of correlation of Pb contents (Y) and Pb contents (X) in soil is higher in (0.1mg/kg), cucumber, and both build regression equation and are：Y
=0.0109e0.0042X, R2=0.6657, P<0.01.Pb contents in green pepper are relatively low, and concentration range is 0.009~0.029mg/
Kg, it is all up to standard；Very low (the p of the degree of correlation of Pb contents and Pb contents in soil in green pepper>0.05,R2=0.009), do not set up fixed
Magnitude relation formula.
Regression equation between relevant vegetables Pb contents and P in soil the b concentration that inquiry has been delivered both at home and abroad, is collected into 3 altogether
The achievement in research of individual area (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Anhui Lu'an City), formula sequence number 2~4 in being specifically shown in Table 2.
The relational expression of the vegetables Pb contents (Y) of table 2 and P in soil b concentration (X)
(2) the Pb Limited Doses in agricultural product (edible portion)
1) it is based on THQAdult=1 Pb Limited Doses are calculated：CF=RfD*BWAdult/IRAdult=0.0036*60.3/0.335=
0.648mg/kg；
2) it is based on THQChildren=1 Pb Limited Doses are calculated：CF=RfD*BWChildren/IRChildren=0.0036*32.7/0.232=
0.507mg/kg；
3) the Pb Limited Doses based on ADI value are calculated：CF=ADI/IR=0.214/0.335=0.639mg/kg；
4) the Pb Limited Doses inquiry based on national standard：《National food safety standard pollutants in food limitation (GB2762-
2012)》The Pb limitations for providing cereal (paddy, wheat etc.) are 0.2mg/kg, and legume vegetable, the Pb limitations of potato class are 0.2mg/
Kg, rape class vegetables, the Pb limitations of leaf vegetables vegetables are 0.3mg/kg, other fresh vegetables (rape class vegetables, leaf vegetables vegetables, beans
Except class vegetables, potato class) Pb limitation be 0.1mg/kg.
(3) Limited Doses of pollutant in soil content are calculated
By recurrence side in all of above table of substitution one by one 1 for calculating pollutant Limited Doses in agricultural product (edible portion)
Journey (y), calculates the Pb contents (x) in soil, and result of calculation is shown in Table 3, obtains a data group containing 16 item datas, calculates it
Median is 518.4mg/kg, average value 609.4mg/kg, standard deviation 334.4mg/kg.
The farming land P in soil b screening values that table 3 is derived based on THQ methods and ADI methods
(4) the final value of reclamation field soil pollutant secure threshold II
Inquire about the standard value or screening value of Pb contents in the related existing standard of soil environment quality system of farming land：The U.S. is all
Two grades of screenings of Pb contents in city farm (Urban farmland) and city garden spot (Urban garden) farming land soil
It is 340mg/kg to be worth (SSV2).The standard value of the soil environment quality Pb contents of China's Taiwan alimentary crop farmland is
500mg/kg.China《Standard of soil environment quality (GB 15618-1995)》For general farmland, vegetable field, tea place, orchard,
Pasture, it is 300mg/kg (6.5 to delimit the total Pb standard values of soil (II class)<PH≤7.5), for the highback that contaminant capacity is larger
The agricultural land soil (except vegetable field) on scape value soil and the mineral products ground such as nearby) by total Pb Limited Doses (III class) further relax for
500mg/kg.《Farming land standard of soil environment quality (three times consult on)》Provide arable land, field, the total lead content of grassland soil
Limit value is 160mg/kg (6.5<PH≤7.5), the total lead content limit value of timbered soil is 500mg/kg.
The median (518.4mg/kg) and domestic and foreign current farming land Soil standard value of Integrated comparative secure threshold array
Or screening value, i.e.,：By the domestic and international Pb contents with farming land soil in agricultural relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system
Standard value or screening value, carried out with " median " that calculates the obtained Limited Doses array of heavy metal in soil pollutant load
Compare, " median " is rationally rounded, the final P in soil b for the determining Reclaimed Land safe utilization value of threshold value II is 500mg/kg.
Embodiment 2
The Reclaimed Land safe utilization classification method of discrimination of Cd contaminated soils
(1), reclaim the Cd contaminated soil environmental quality classification method of discrimination (totality of grade scale of plot safe utilization
Design)：
According to country of China《Soil Pollution Control action plan》Propose that farming land implements Classification Management and safe utilization
It is required that, the risk management and control target of farming land is reclaimed into for poorly efficient construction land, two-stage soil safety threshold value --- low threshold is set
It is worth (threshold value I) and high threshold (threshold value II), grade scale formulates framework and sees Fig. 1.Safe utilization in plot of specifically reclaiming is classified
During differentiation, when Cd pollution in soils thing content is less than (or equal to) threshold value I, then " preferential crop ped location " is incorporated in plot into, to plantation
Agricultural product kind be not intended to be limited in any；When Cd pollution in soils thing content is between threshold value I and threshold value II, then incorporate into
Low accumulation variety of crops and non-edible variety of crops are planted in " limitation crop ped location ", limitation；When Cd pollution in soils thing content
During more than threshold value II, then incorporate " ecological management and control area " into, as repairing type forest land, plantation is planted for the super accumulation of priority pollutant
Thing, implements the natural reclamation activities that can be monitored.
In order to which contamination risk is preferably minimized, when the contaminated area that every one-level pollutes reaches the 50% of the plot gross area
Above (containing), subregion is not carried out inside plot, but whole plot is directly grouped into the safe utilization type of the rank.Such as when certain
Plot Cd pollution in soils thing concentration reaches the 50% of the plot gross area between the contaminated area between threshold value I and threshold value II
Above (containing), then whole plot (including uncontamination area) then should be used as " limitation crop ped location ".
(2), the value (assignment method) of Cd threshold values I
Compared with other countries, the existing standard of soil environment quality of China is to cadmium in soil (Cd) prohibitive content
Regulation is tighter,《Edible rapid test paper environmental quality assessment standard (HJ 332-2006)》、《Standard of soil environment quality (GB
15618-1995)》Arable land, field, the soil on meadow delimit total Pb standard values (II class) for 0.3mg/kg (6.5<pH≤7.5).
《Farming land standard of soil environment quality (three times consult on)》Regulation arable land, field, the total lead content limit value of grassland soil are
0.5mg/kg(6.5<pH≤7.5)。
To sum up, Cd threshold value I takes in reclamation field soil《Farming land standard of soil environment quality (three times consult on)》
The Cd standard values of neutral soil, that is, take 0.5mg/kg.
(3), the assignment method and step of Cd threshold values II
(1) quantitative relationship (structure regression equation) between heavy metal-polluted soil and agricultural product heavy metal
Pedotheque is gathered in the reclamation field polluted from Shanghai Cd, 6 kinds of Cd concentration are mixedly configured into cleaning soil
The contaminated soil (1,2,4,6,8,10mg/kg) of gradient, the higher low accumulation variety of crops cucumber of the local consumption figure of selection and
Green pepper carries out pot experiment.The Cd contents in fresh fruit are determined, structure vegetables Cd contents (Y) are determined with soil Cd concentration (X's)
Magnitude relation.
Measurement result is shown (see Fig. 5, Fig. 6)：Cd 0.008~0.172mg/kg of content, cucumber the Cd contents (Y) of cucumber with
The degree of correlation of Cd contents (X) is higher in soil, and both build equation of linear regression and are：Y=0.0099X+0.0098, R2=
0.58, P<0.01.The phase of Cd 0.041~0.234mg/kg of content, green pepper the Cd contents (Y) and Cd contents (X) in soil of green pepper
Guan Du is higher, and both build equation of linear regression and are：Y=0.0439e0.1153X, R2=0.64, P<0.01.
By inquiring about document, quantitative relation formula between soil Cd concentration and agricultural product Cd contents is filtered out, 9 are inquired altogether
Individual quantitative relation formula, formula sequence number 3~11 in being specifically shown in Table 4..
The relational expression of the vegetables Cd contents (Y) of table 4 and soil Cd concentration (X)
(2) the Cd Limited Doses values in agricultural product (edible portion)
1) it is based on THQAdult=1 Cd Limited Doses are calculated：CF=RfD*BWAdult/IRAdult=0.001*60.3/0.335=
0.18mg/kg；
2) it is based on THQChildren=1 Cd Limited Doses are calculated：CF=RfD*BWChildren/IRChildren=0.001*32.7/0.232=
0.14mg/kg；
3) the Cd Limited Doses based on ADI value are calculated：CF=ADI/IR=0.06/0.335=0.179mg/kg；
4) the Cd Limited Doses inquiry based on national standard：《National food safety standard pollutants in food limitation (GB 2762-
2012)》The Cd limitations for providing cereal (wheat) are 0.1mg/kg, legume vegetable, root tuber and stem tuber vegetables, stem class vegetables (celery
Except) Cd limitation be 0.1mg/kg, celery Cd limitation be 0.2mg/kg, leaf vegetables vegetables Cd limitation be 0.2mg/kg, its
The Cd limitations of his fresh vegetables (except leaf vegetables vegetables, legume vegetable, root tuber and stem tuber vegetables, stem class vegetables) are 0.05mg/kg.
(3) Limited Doses of pollutant in soil Cd contents are calculated
It will be returned in all of above table of substitution one by one 1 for calculating pollutant Limited Doses (CF) in agricultural product (edible portion)
Return equation (Y), calculate the Cd contents (X) in soil, result of calculation is shown in Table 4, obtain a data group containing 42 item datas, meter
The median for calculating the array is 5.4mg/kg, average value 3.9mg/kg, standard deviation 4.2mg/kg.
The farming land soil Cd screening values that table 4 is derived based on THQ methods and ADI methods
(4) definite value of threshold value II
Inquire about the standard value or screening value of Cd contents in the related existing standard of soil environment quality system of farming land：Canada
Farming land is 1.4mg/kg, and Quebec, Canada farming land is 1.5mg/kg, U.S. city farm (Urban farmland),
The one-level screening value (SSV1) of the Cd contents of city garden spot (Urban garden) and New Zealand's ecological land is 1mg/
Kg, Britain's quota farmland (Allotment)) it is 1.8mg/kg.Other standards systems provide phase to Cd prohibitive contents in soil
To comparing " width ".The standard value of Cd contents is in the standard of soil environment quality system of China's Taiwan alimentary crop farmland
5mg/kg.U.S. city farm (Urban farmland) and two grades of screening values of city garden spot (Urban garden)
(SSV2) it is 10mg/kg.China《Farming land standard of soil environment quality (three times consult on)》The total cadmium content limit of timbered soil
It is worth for 7mg/kg.Two grades of screening values (SSV2) of New Zealand's ecological land are 12mg/kg.《Shanghai City place soil Environmental Health
Risk assessment screening value (tentative)》Cd risk screening value is 10mg/kg in the sensitive land used soil of regulation.Therefore, farming land soil
5~12mg/kg of Cd concentration is with reasonability in earth.
The median (5.4mg/kg) and domestic and foreign current farming land Soil standard value of Integrated comparative secure threshold array or
Screening value, i.e.,：By it is domestic and international with agricultural relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system in farming land soil standard value or
Screening value, is compared with calculating " median " of Limited Doses array of obtained heavy metal in soil pollutant load, to " in
Digit " is rationally rounded, and the threshold value II of the final Cadmium in Soil (Cd) for determining Reclaimed Land safe utilization is 5.0mg/kg.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety is utilized, it is characterised in that overall classification
Method of discrimination is as follows：Two-stage soil pollutant secure threshold --- Low threshold is secure threshold I and high threshold i.e. safety threshold for setting
Value II；When the safe utilization in plot of specifically reclaiming is classified differentiation, when pollutant in soil content is less than or equal to secure threshold I
When, incorporate the plot into " preferential crop ped location ", the agricultural product kind to plantation is not intended to be limited in any；When pollutant in soil content
When between secure threshold I and secure threshold II, then the plot is incorporated into " limitation crop ped location ", the low accumulation farming of limitation plantation
Article kind and non-edible variety of crops；When pollutant in soil content exceedes secure threshold II, then the plot is incorporated into " raw
State management and control area ", as repairing type forest land, plantation implements the natural reparation that can be monitored for the over-accumulated plant of priority pollutant
Measure；
Directly adopt standard of soil environment quality of the State-level about farming land, take the corresponding dirt of neutral soil of pH6.5~7.5
Each index high value of thing is contaminated as the secure threshold I of reclamation field pollutant in soil；Polluted Soil is gathered from reclamation field
Earth sample, the contaminated soil of certain pollutant concentration gradient is mixedly configured into cleaning soil, and the local consumption figure of selection is higher
Low accumulation variety of crops carries out pot experiment；The fresh fruit for determining crops is the pollutant load in agricultural product, is built
The quantitative relationship between the pollutant load in pollutant load and soil in agricultural product, builds regression equation；According to agricultural production
The pollutant Limited Doses of edible portion in product, calculate the Limited Doses for obtaining pollutant in soil content；Will both at home and abroad with it is agricultural
The higher soil pollutant content Limited Doses of numerical value in relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system, with calculating obtained soil
" median " of earth pollutant load Limited Doses array is compared, and " median " is rationally rounded, Reclaimed Land is determined
The final value of pollutant secure threshold II in the soil of safe utilization.
2. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety as claimed in claim 1 is utilized, its feature
It is, when the contaminated area that every one-level pollutes reaches more than the 50% of the plot gross area, subregion is not carried out inside plot, but
Whole plot is directly incorporated into the safe utilization type of the rank.
3. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety as claimed in claim 2 is utilized, its feature
It is, when certain contaminated area of plot soil pollutant concentration between secure threshold I and secure threshold II reaches that plot is total
More than the 50% of area, then by whole plot, comprising uncontamination area, directly incorporate into as " limitation crop ped location ".
4. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that the Reclaimed Land classification safety as described in claim 1,2 or 3 is utilized, its
It is characterised by, directly adopts standard of soil environment quality of the State-level about farming land, take the neutral soil pair of pH6.5~7.5
Each index high value of heavy metal answered as reclamation field heavy metal in soil secure threshold I；From answering for heavy metal pollution
Collection contaminated soil sample in place is cultivated, the contaminated soil of certain heavy metal concentration gradient is mixedly configured into cleaning soil, is selected
Select the higher low accumulation variety of crops of local consumption figure and carry out pot experiment；The fresh fruit for determining crops is agricultural product
Content of beary metal, build agricultural product in content of beary metal and soil in content of beary metal between quantitative relationship, build
Regression equation；According to the heavy metal limit value of edible portion in agricultural product, calculating obtains heavy metal in soil pollutant load
Limited Doses；By the domestic and international heavy metal contaminants higher with numerical value in agricultural relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system
The Limited Doses of content, are compared with calculating " median " of Limited Doses array of obtained heavy metal in soil pollutant load
It is right, " median " is rationally rounded, determines that the final of secure threshold II of the heavy metal in soil of Reclaimed Land safe utilization takes
Value.
5. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety as claimed in claim 4 is utilized, its feature
It is, the assignment method of threshold value II is comprised the following steps that：
(1) regression equation between soil and crop pollution thing content is built
1) the low accumulation proportion of crop planting experiment of various concentrations contaminated soil
Local several low accumulation agricultural product kind is selected, carries out the Polluted Soil of various concentrations gradient for main contamination index
Earth potted plant experiment or field test, by laboratory testing analysis and data analysis, build the heavy metal of agricultural product edible part
Pollutant load is the regression equation between the heavy metal concentration i.e. variable X in variable Y and soil pollutant；
2) the regression equation screening in classical documents
The pertinent literature that inquiry has been delivered both at home and abroad, it is variable Y and the weight in soil to collect agricultural product heavy metal contaminants content
Metallic contaminants concentration is the quantitative relationship equation between variable X；
(2) pollutant limitation assignment method in agricultural product
The assignment that pollutant is limited the quantity in agricultural product should synchronously use following three kinds of methods, specific as follows：
1) obtaining value method based on national standard
Inquire about pollutants in food limitation national food safety standard in be directed to fresh agricultural product in lead Pb, cadmium Cd, mercury Hg,
The Limited Doses that arsenic As, chromium Cr, benzo [a] pyrene index are proposed, and adopt corresponding pollutant limitation according to different agricultural product kinds
Value；
2) obtaining value method based on target hazard index THQ
Heavy metal contaminants in edible agricultural product are evaluated using target hazard index method THQ, to the health risk of human body, specifically to count
Calculating formula is：THQ=(C × EF × ED × IR)/(BW × AT × RfD) × 10-3；In formula, C is pollutant in fresh crops
Average content, mg/kg；EF is exposure frequency, 365d/a；ED is exposure year 70a；IR is the daily fresh crops intake of China
Rate, adult's uptake rate presses 335g/d, and children's uptake rate presses 232g/d；BW is the average weight of China's human body, and adult's body weight is pressed
60.3kg is counted, and children's body weight is based on 32.7kg；AT is average open-assembly time, 365d/a × exposure year a；RfD is to be orally ingested
It is directed in reference dose, Primary Reference American National Environmental Protection Agency EPA integrated risk information systems IRIS and in other sources main
The reference dose of contamination index；
When THQ value≤1, show that the agricultural product consumption that human body grows to target area does not produce health risk substantially；During THQ value ＞ 1,
Human health risk can be caused；THQ=1 is set here, the Limited Doses of pollutant in fresh crops are extrapolated by above-mentioned formula,
mg/kg；
3) obtaining value method based on acceptable daily intake ADI
Intake ADI can be allowed to refer to certain daily ingestion of chemical substance of human or animal daily, to health without any known bad effect
The dosage answered；It is accustomed to reference to ADI and crops current consumption, pollutant Limited Doses in fresh crops can be extrapolated, it is specific public
Formula is：CF=ADI/IR；In formula, CF represents that pollutant is limited the quantity in agricultural product, mg/kg；IR represents the daily ingestion speed of agricultural product,
Fresh weight, takes 0.335kg/d；ADI value quotes FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) and World Health Organization FAO/WHO, Environmental Protection Agency US
EPA research specified value；
(3) the soil pollutant Limited Doses based on agricultural product security are calculated
Every pollutant Limited Doses i.e. variable Y substitutes into the corresponding all " soil of the index one by one in the agricultural product calculated by more than
In regression equation between earth-agricultural product " pollutant load, the every pollutant index of the soil based on agricultural product security is calculated
Limited Doses are variable X；Each index can form an array, calculate the median of array；
(4) the final value of reclamation field soil pollutant secure threshold II
Inquiry both at home and abroad with agricultural relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system, the wider i.e. higher limit of numerical value of concern setting
Value, is compared with the soil pollution index Limited Doses array " median " that above calculates, and " median " is rationally rounded,
I.e. as the secure threshold II of the contamination index.
6. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety as claimed in claim 5 is utilized, its feature
It is, described agricultural product kind includes all kinds of cereal, veterinary antibiotics.
7. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety as claimed in claim 5 is utilized, its feature
Be, Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn ADI value be respectively 0.043mg/ people/d, 0.060mg/ people/d, 0.214mg/ people/d,
0.2mg/ people/d, 12mg/ people/d, 33mg/ people/d, adult, in terms of 60kg.
8. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety as claimed in claim 5 is utilized, its feature
Be, Heavy Metals index to be orally ingested reference dose RfD as follows：
9. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety as claimed in claim 5 is utilized, its feature
It is, directly adopts the neutral soil correspondence that China's State-level takes pH6.5~7.5 about the standard of soil environment quality of farming land
Pb or Cd high values as Pb or Cd in Reclaimed Land soil threshold value I；Gathered from the reclamation field of heavy metal pollution
Pedotheque, the contaminated soil of certain Pb or Cd concentration gradients is mixedly configured into cleaning soil, and the local consumption figure of selection is higher
Low accumulation variety of crops carry out pot experiment；Pb the or Cd contents in the fresh fruit of crops are determined, crops are built
In Pb or Cd contents be quantitative relationship between Pb the or Cd concentration i.e. variable X in variable Y and soil, build regression equation；
According to Pb the or Cd Limited Doses of edible portion in agricultural product, the Limited Doses for obtaining Pb or Cd contents in soil are calculated；By the country
Limited Doses higher with Pb or Cd numerical value in agricultural relevant existing standard of soil environment quality system outside, with calculating obtained soil
" median " of the Limited Doses array of Pb or Cd contents is compared in earth, and " median " is rationally rounded, Reclaimed Land is determined
The final value of Pb or Cd secure threshold II in the soil of safe utilization.
10. the soil environment quality classification method of discrimination that Reclaimed Land classification safety as claimed in claim 9 is utilized, its feature
Be, in pot experiment Pb the or Cd concentration gradients of contaminated soil be 20mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300mg/kg,
400mg/kg, 480mg/kg；Variety of crops for pot experiment is cucumber and green pepper.
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| CN114238858A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-25 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method and system for reducing accumulation value of heavy metals in crops |
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| CN114510823B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2024-05-24 | 南京国环科技股份有限公司 | Method for rapidly evaluating soil heavy metal pollution degree |
| CN114417263A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-29 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Pollutant fluctuation coefficient determination method, pollutant monitoring method, pollutant fluctuation coefficient determination device, pollutant monitoring device and storage medium |
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