CN109781780B - Simple and easy high heat conduction material coefficient of heat conductivity steady state test system - Google Patents
Simple and easy high heat conduction material coefficient of heat conductivity steady state test system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple steady-state testing system for the heat conductivity coefficient of a high-heat-conduction material. During testing, the heating section is heated at constant power by connecting the heating system with the electric heating film, the cooling system is connected with the cooling cavity to cool the cooling section at constant temperature, and the data acquisition processing system is connected with the thermocouple to complete real-time acquisition and output of the on-way temperature of the measured high-heat-conductivity material. And in the testing process, the heating section and the heat preservation section of the measured-height heat conduction material are subjected to heat insulation and heat preservation by adopting the heat preservation material, so that heat is transferred along the length direction of the measured-height heat conduction material, one-dimensional steady heat transfer of the measured-height heat conduction material along the length direction is formed, the large temperature difference along the surface of the measured-height heat conduction material under the condition of small heating power can be realized, and certain testing precision is ensured. The invention can solve the problems that the size of a sample is large, the heating power is large and difficult to implement, the testing precision is low, the heat conductivity coefficient of the material cannot be obtained through one-time testing and the like when the heat conductivity coefficient of the high heat conduction material is tested in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermophysical property testing, and particularly relates to a simple steady-state heat conductivity coefficient testing system for high-heat-conductivity materials.
Background
High heat conduction materials (aluminum, copper, graphite and the like) are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, low-temperature buildings, electronic device heat dissipation and the like, and when the materials are designed and applied to related fields, the thermal performance of the materials needs to be accurately tested so that the materials can be used more reasonably and efficiently. The thermal conductivity coefficient is one of the most important thermophysical parameters for characterizing the material, and has a critical role in the aspect of thermal performance analysis of the material.
The conventional steady state method is only suitable for testing materials with medium and low heat conductivity coefficients, a tested sample is usually processed into a rectangular plate with a large area during testing, the rectangular plate is placed between a cold source and a heat source, the temperature difference of the cold surface and the hot surface is ensured to be more than 5 ℃, the heat conductivity coefficient is calculated according to the Fourier heat conduction law after the temperature is stable, and the testing precision is low. In the test, the great heating power is usually needed to form the larger temperature difference (for example, when an aluminum plate with the specification of 20cm × 20cm × 1cm is tested, the heating power is required to be about 4740W when the temperature difference between the cold surface and the hot surface is ensured to be 5 ℃), and the high-power heating is not easy to implement, so that the high-power heating is not suitable for testing the heat conductivity coefficient of the high-heat-conduction material. The periodic heat flow method and the laser flash method in the unsteady state method are usually used for testing the heat conductivity coefficient of the high-heat-conduction material, but the actually tested data only can obtain the heat diffusion coefficient of the sample, and other methods are also needed to test the density and specific heat of the material to further deduce the heat conductivity coefficient of the material, so that error sources are increased, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the material cannot be obtained through one-time testing. Therefore, the testing method which has high testing precision and can obtain the tested high heat conduction coefficient through one-time testing brings great convenience to the actual testing of the high heat conduction coefficient and has important application value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a simple steady-state testing system for the heat conductivity coefficient of the high-heat-conduction material, which aims to improve the convenience of the heat conductivity coefficient test of the high-heat-conduction material. The invention can solve the problems that the size of a sample is large, the heating power is high, the implementation is difficult, the test precision is low, the heat conductivity coefficient of the material cannot be obtained through one-time test and the like when the heat conductivity coefficient of the high heat conduction material is tested in the prior art.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a simple high-thermal-conductivity material heat conductivity coefficient steady-state test system comprises a heating system, an electric heating film, a heat insulation material, a cooling cavity, a cooling system, a thermocouple and a data acquisition and processing system; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
during testing, one end of the measured-height heat conduction material is wound with an electric heating film, the other end of the measured-height heat conduction material is clamped between two cooling cavities which are arranged in parallel, a plurality of thermocouples are uniformly arranged in the middle of the measured-height heat conduction material, the measured-height heat conduction material is clamped between the two cooling cavities, and the outer sides of other parts are provided with heat insulation materials; the heating system is connected with the electric heating film and is used for heating one end of the measured-height heat conduction material at constant power, the cooling system is connected with the cooling cavity and is used for cooling the other end of the measured-height heat conduction material at constant temperature, and the data acquisition and processing system is connected with the thermocouple and is used for completing real-time acquisition and output of the in-range temperature of the measured-height heat conduction material.
The invention has the further improvement that the measured height heat conduction material is sequentially divided into a heating section, a heat preservation section and a cooling section along the length direction; the electric heating film is wound on the heating section of the heat conduction material with the measured height, the two cooling cavities are clamped on the cooling section of the heat conduction material with the measured height, and heat insulation materials are arranged on the heating section and the heat insulation section to conduct heat insulation and heat preservation, so that stable one-dimensional heat transfer is formed along the length direction of the heat conduction material with the measured height, and then the heat conductivity coefficient of the electric heating film can be calculated according to the in-process temperature distribution of the heat insulation section.
The invention has the further improvement that the electric heating film is tightly wound on the heating section of the measured high heat conduction material and is stuck and fixed by adopting a high temperature resistant flexible adhesive tape.
The invention is further improved in that the thickness of the thermal insulation material is more than 5cm when the thermal conductivity coefficient of the thermal insulation material is 0.04W/m.K, so as to ensure smaller heat loss and reliable test precision.
The invention is further improved in that a plurality of heat extraction couples are arranged on the front side and the back side of the heat preservation section of the measured high heat conduction material along the length direction to serve as temperature acquisition points.
The invention is further improved in that the number of thermocouples arranged in each row is 3, wherein the arrangement position of the thermocouple in the first row is 1cm away from the electric heating film, and the arrangement position of each thermocouple in the rear row is 2cm away from the position of the thermocouple in the front row in sequence.
The invention is further improved in that the temperature difference of each heat discharge couple collection is less than 0.3 ℃.
The invention is further improved in that the lengths of the heating section and the cooling section of the measured high heat conduction material are adjusted according to the width of the actual electric heating film and the length of the measured high heat conduction material, and the length of the heat preservation section is 5-10 cm.
The invention is further improved in that the measured high heat conduction material is in the shape of a long thin plate, and the length of the long thin plate is greater than the thickness of the long thin plate.
The invention is further improved in that the cooling cavity is made of pure copper.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a simple high-thermal conductivity material heat conductivity coefficient steady-state testing system which comprises a heating system, an electric heating film, a heat insulating material, a cooling cavity, a cooling system, a thermocouple and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the heating system is connected with the electric heating film; the heating system is connected with the electric heating film to heat one end of the measured-height heat conduction material at constant power, the cooling system is connected with the cooling cavity to cool the other end of the measured-height heat conduction material at constant temperature, and the data acquisition and processing system is connected with the thermocouple to complete real-time acquisition and output of the in-range temperature of the measured-height heat conduction material. The heating mode of the invention is convenient and flexible, the electric heating film connected with the heating system heats the measured height heat conduction material with constant power, the size and the shape of the electric heating film can be selected and determined according to the size and the shape of the measured height heat conduction material, and the flexibility of the heating mode is improved. The cooling mode of the invention adopts two cooling cavities connected by a cooling system to carry out cooling, wherein the cooling system provides circulating fluid with constant temperature to flow in at one end of the cooling cavity, and the circulating fluid flows out at the other end of the cooling cavity to ensure that the cooling cavity is always at constant temperature. Specifically, the value of the heat flux density in the calculation is the quotient of the heating power input to the electric heating film by the heating system and the cross-sectional area of the measured material in the length direction.
Furthermore, the measured-height heat conduction material is divided into a heating section, a heat preservation section and a cooling section along the length direction. The lengths of the heating section and the cooling section can be adjusted according to the width of an actual electric heating film and the length of the measured high heat conduction material, and the length of the heat preservation section is preferably 5-10 cm. When the electric heating film is arranged, the length direction of the electric heating film is wound perpendicular to the length direction of the measured-height heat conduction material, so that the width of the electric heating film corresponds to the length of the heating section of the measured-height heat conduction material. The length of the cooling section is the remaining part except the heating section and the heat preservation section.
Furthermore, the electric heating film is wound on the surface of the material to be detected to form a certain gap, so that the heating film is fixedly adhered to the surface of the material by adopting the high-temperature-resistant flexible adhesive tape, the contact thermal resistance between the heating film and the surface of the material to be detected is reduced, meanwhile, the uniformity of heating under the high-temperature heating condition is improved by the high-temperature-resistant flexible adhesive tape, and the influence of air thermal resistance is reduced.
Further, the cooling cavity is preferably made of a material with high thermal conductivity (such as pure copper) to ensure rapid and sufficient cooling of the contact surface of the material to be measured. One end of the material to be measured is placed between the two cooling cavities during cooling, the length of the material to be measured extending into the middle of the two cooling cavities can be determined by the length of the material to be measured, and the convenience of a cooling mode is improved.
Furthermore, the heating section and the heat preservation section of the measured-height heat conduction material are wrapped by a heat preservation material with certain thickness and good heat insulation performance in the testing process to carry out heat insulation and preservation so as to reduce loss of heat along the way. The heat is transferred along the length direction of the measured-height heat conduction material to form one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer of the measured-height heat conduction material along the length direction, so that the surface of the measured-height heat conduction material has larger temperature difference along the way under smaller heating power, and certain testing precision is further ensured. The shape of the heat-insulating material is approximate to a cylinder after the heat-insulating material wraps the measured high-heat-conducting material, and the thickness of the heat-insulating material is more than 5cm when the heat-conducting coefficient of the heat-insulating material is 0.04W/m.K after the thickness of the heat-insulating material is calculated according to the surface heat dissipation loss, so that the small heat loss and the reliable test precision can be ensured.
Furthermore, several heat couples are arranged on the front and back surfaces of the heat preservation section of the material to be measured with high heat conductivity along the length direction as temperature collection points, the number of the heat couples arranged on each surface is preferably 3, and the heat couples are respectively arranged at the center and two sides of the material to be measured. In the experiment, the temperature difference acquired by each row of the thermocouples is smaller than 0.3 ℃, and then the average value of the temperature difference is taken as the actual temperature of the row to carry out solving calculation, so that higher testing precision is ensured. The defects that a conventional steady state method for testing a sample is large in size, large temperature difference can be formed only by using great heating power, and testing precision is low are overcome. The optimal arrangement position of the first row of thermocouples is 1cm away from the electric heating film, because the electric heating film is perpendicular to the length direction of the material to be measured when being arranged, heat is transferred in the heating section perpendicular to the length direction (namely the thickness direction) of the material to be measured, the heat is mainly transferred along the length direction of the material to be measured except the heating section, but the heat is not completely transferred in the transition region of the heating section and the heat preservation section parallel to the length direction of the material, the temperature in the transition region is not stable and the same, therefore, the thermocouples are arranged in the transition region in an actual test, the distance from the transition region to the electric heating film is about 1cm after multiple tests of different high heat conduction materials, and the optimal arrangement position of the first row of thermocouples in the test is 1cm away from the electric heating film. The arrangement position of each rear heat discharge couple is 2cm away from the position of the front row in sequence. During calculation, the average temperature value measured by the first row of thermocouples is used as a reference temperature value, then the difference between the temperature value and the average temperature values measured by the following rows of thermocouples is used as the corresponding temperature difference of the corresponding positions, and finally the heat conductivity coefficient is solved according to the Fourier heat conduction law. Because a small amount of heat is lost on the surface of the measured high-thermal-conductivity material after heat preservation and heat insulation, the heat flux density along the way is reduced, the farther the distance from the heating film is, the more the heat loss causes the test result to deviate from the actual value, therefore, the temperature measured by two and three heat discharge couples closest to the electric heating film is preferably used for calculating the heat conductivity coefficient, and the purpose that the length of the heat preservation section is preferably 5-10cm is also to reduce the heat dissipation loss.
Further, the measured height heat conducting material is preferably in the shape of a long thin plate, the length of which is far greater than the thickness of the thin plate so as to ensure relatively less heat dissipation in the heating process.
In conclusion, the sample to be tested is simple to prepare, and the heat conductivity coefficient can be tested only by using a long plate with a small cross section area. The problem that the conventional steady state method with high thermal conductivity needs a large-size test sample is solved, and the method is suitable for materials with large size (length, width and height) which are difficult to process. The invention has the advantages of relatively low cost of instruments and equipment, simple and convenient operation and high repeatability. The heat conductivity coefficient of the tested high heat conduction material can be obtained through one-time test, and the steady-state test system for the heat conductivity coefficient of the high heat conduction material is economical, reasonable and reliable in precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simple steady-state testing system for the heat conductivity coefficient of a high heat conduction material according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a segmented region of the measured high thermal conductivity material according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the thermal conductivity and the thermal conductivity test error variation of different high thermal conductive materials, wherein fig. 5(a), fig. 5(b), and fig. 5(c) respectively show the thermal conductivity and the error condition obtained by brass, aluminum, and pure copper under different temperature measuring distances.
Fig. 6 is a graph numerically simulating the ratio of different materials following heat flux density loss in actual testing.
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the error range for testing different thermal conductivity materials according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1-a heating system, 2-an electric heating film, 3-a measured-height heat conduction material, 3-1-a heating section of the measured-height heat conduction material, 3-2-a heat preservation section of the measured-height heat conduction material, 3-3-a cooling section of the measured-height heat conduction material, 4-a heat preservation material, 5-a cooling cavity, 6-a cooling system, 7-a data acquisition and processing system, 8-a thermocouple and 9-a high-temperature-resistant flexible adhesive tape.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the simple and easy high thermal conductivity material heat conductivity coefficient steady-state test system provided by the invention comprises a heating system 1, an electric heating film 2, a thermal insulation material 4, a cooling cavity 5, a cooling system 6, a thermocouple 8 and a data acquisition and processing system 7; during testing, one end of the measured-height heat conduction material 3 is wound with the electric heating film 2, the other end of the measured-height heat conduction material is clamped between the two cooling cavities 5 which are arranged in parallel, the thermocouples 8 are uniformly arranged in the middle of the measured-height heat conduction material 3, and the measured-height heat conduction material 3 is clamped between the two cooling cavities 5, and the outer sides of other parts are provided with the heat insulation material 4; the heating system 1 is connected with the electric heating film 2 and used for heating the measured high heat conduction material 3 at constant power, the cooling system 6 is connected with the cooling cavity 5 and used for cooling the measured high heat conduction material 3 at constant temperature, and the data acquisition and processing system 7 is connected with the thermocouple 8 and used for completing real-time acquisition and output of data.
Before testing, the high-heat-conductivity material 3 is divided into a heating section 3-1, a heat preservation section 3-2 and a cooling section 3-3, a proper electric heating film 2 is wound on the heating section 3-1 and is well pasted and fixed by a high-temperature-resistant flexible adhesive tape 9, and the electric heating film 2 and the heating section 3-1 are ensured to be in seamless contact as far as possible in the pasting and fixing process. In the heat preservation section 3-2, a plurality of rows of thermocouples 8 are arranged on the front side and the back side of the heat preservation section along the length direction of the measured high-heat-conduction material 3 to serve as temperature collection points, the number of the thermocouples arranged in each row is 3, the optimal arrangement position of the first row of thermocouples 8 is 1cm away from the electric heating film 2, and the arrangement position of each rear row of thermocouples 8 is 2cm away from the front row in sequence. And then the heating section 3-1 and the heat preservation section 3-2 of the measured height heat conduction material 3 are wrapped and fixed by the heat preservation material 4 to carry out heat insulation and preservation. Then one side of the cooling section 3-3 is placed on one cooling cavity 5, after the cooling section is fixed, the other cooling cavity 5 is pressed on the other side of the cooling section 3-3, and it is confirmed that no gap exists between the cooling cavity 5 and the cooling section 3-3. And finally, respectively opening the heating system 1 and the cooling system 6 to heat the measured high-heat-conduction material 3 at constant power and cool the measured high-heat-conduction material at constant temperature, simultaneously opening the data acquisition and processing system 7 to acquire the temperature data of the surface of the measured high-heat-conduction material 3, and solving the heat conductivity coefficient by using the temperature data recorded by the data acquisition and processing system 7 after the surface temperature of the measured high-heat-conduction material 3 is stable.
Preferably, the thermal insulation material 4 has a thickness of 5cm or more at a thermal conductivity of 0.04W/m.K, so as to ensure a small heat loss and reliable test accuracy.
Preferably, several rows of thermocouples 8 are arranged on the front and back surfaces of the heat preservation section 3-2 of the measured high heat conduction material 3 along the length direction as temperature collection points, the number of the thermocouples arranged in each row is preferably 3, and the preferred arrangement position of the first row of thermocouples 8 is 1cm away from the electric heating film 2.
Preferably, the lengths of the heating section 3-1 and the cooling section 3-3 of the measured-height heat conduction material 3 can be adjusted according to the width of the actual electric heating film 2 and the length of the measured-height heat conduction material 3, and the length of the heat preservation section 3-2 is preferably 5-10 cm. The shape of the measured-height thermally conductive material 3 is preferably a long thin plate shape, the length of which is much greater than the thickness.
Preferably, the material of the cooling chamber 5 is preferably a highly heat conductive material, such as pure copper.
Furthermore, in order to verify the testing precision and feasibility of the invention, the invention carries out testing and verification by two means of experimental testing and numerical simulation. Fig. 5 is a graph of the values of thermal conductivity for different high thermal conductivity materials obtained in experimental tests and the relative error from literature values. The results show that: the higher the heat conductivity coefficient of the measured high heat conduction material 3 is, the higher the test precision is; the further away from the heated film 2, the more the test results deviate.
Fig. 6 shows the change of the heat flux density along the way of the measured high thermal conductive material 3 obtained under the condition of the numerical simulation actual experiment, and the result shows that the heat flux density gradually decreases along the way, which shows that although the heat insulation material 4 is arranged on the surface of the measured high thermal conductive material 3 for heat insulation, part of heat still dissipates along the way. Resulting in a deviation of the test result, which increases with increasing distance of the temperature measurement. Therefore, in the actual test, the temperature measuring point which is closer to the heating film 3 is required to be solved and calculated.
Particularly, the error range of the invention for testing materials with different heat conductivity coefficients is verified by adopting a numerical simulation method, and the result shows that when the specification of the tested material is 50cm multiplied by 6cm multiplied by 0.5cm, the heat insulation material with the thickness of 10cm and the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.04W/m.K is arranged in the heating section and the heat insulation section for heat insulation and heat preservation, and the temperature of two rows (1 cm and 3cm from the heating film respectively) closest to the heating film is taken for heat conductivity coefficient calculation, the test heat conductivity coefficient range is found to be more than 100W/m.K, so that the test precision can be ensured to be within 10%.
Claims (2)
1. A simple high-thermal-conductivity material heat conductivity coefficient steady-state test system is characterized by comprising a heating system (1), an electric heating film (2), a heat insulation material (4), a cooling cavity (5), a cooling system (6), a thermocouple (8) and a data acquisition and processing system (7); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
during testing, one end of the measured-height heat conduction material (3) is wound with the electric heating film (2), the other end of the measured-height heat conduction material is clamped between the two cooling cavities (5) which are arranged in parallel, the thermocouples (8) are uniformly arranged in the middle of the measured-height heat conduction material (3), and the outer sides of other parts of the measured-height heat conduction material (3) except for the part clamped between the two cooling cavities (5) are provided with the heat insulation material (4); the heating system (1) is connected with the electric heating film (2) and used for heating one end of the measured-height heat conduction material (3) at constant power, the cooling system (6) is connected with the cooling cavity (5) and used for cooling the other end of the measured-height heat conduction material (3) at constant temperature, and the data acquisition and processing system (7) is connected with the thermocouple (8) and used for completing real-time acquisition and output of the temperature of the measured-height heat conduction material (3) along the way;
the measured height heat conduction material (3) is sequentially divided into a heating section (3-1), a heat preservation section (3-2) and a cooling section (3-3) along the length direction; the electric heating film (2) is wound on a heating section (3-1) of the height-measured heat conduction material (3), the two cooling cavities (5) are clamped on the cooling section (3-3) of the height-measured heat conduction material (3), and heat insulation materials (4) are arranged on the heating section (3-1) and the heat insulation section (3-2) for heat insulation and heat preservation, so that stable one-dimensional heat transfer is formed along the length direction of the height-measured heat conduction material (3), and then the heat conduction coefficient of the heat insulation section (3-2) can be calculated according to the on-way temperature distribution of the heat insulation section (3-2);
the electric heating film (2) is tightly wound on the heating section (3-1) of the measured height heat conduction material (3) and is stuck and fixed by a high-temperature resistant flexible adhesive tape (9);
several heat discharge couples (8) are arranged on the front and back surfaces of the heat preservation section (3-2) of the measured-height heat conduction material (3) along the length direction to serve as temperature collection points; the number of the thermocouples (8) arranged in each row is 3, wherein the arrangement position of the thermocouple (8) in the first row is 1cm away from the electric heating film (2), and the arrangement position of each thermocouple (8) in the rear row is 2cm away from the position of the thermocouple in the front row in sequence; the temperature difference acquired by each row of the thermocouples (8) is less than 0.3 ℃;
when the thermal conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation material (4) is 0.04W/m.K, the thickness is more than 5cm, and the heat insulation material is used for ensuring smaller heat loss and reliable test precision;
the lengths of the heating section (3-1) and the cooling section (3-3) of the measured-height heat conduction material (3) are adjusted according to the width of the actual electric heating film (2) and the length of the measured-height heat conduction material (3), and the length of the heat preservation section (3-2) is 5-10 cm; the shape of the heat conduction material (3) with the measured height is a long thin plate shape, and the length of the heat conduction material is larger than the thickness of the heat conduction material.
2. The system for steady state testing of thermal conductivity of simple high thermal conductivity material according to claim 1, wherein the cooling chamber (5) is made of pure copper.
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| CN111595901A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-28 | 北京科技大学 | Device and method for measuring heat conductivity coefficient of refractory material |
| CN113092523B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2023-06-06 | 宁波石墨烯创新中心有限公司 | Device and method for testing heat conduction performance of film material |
| CN113340940B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏省建筑工程质量检测中心有限公司 | Thermal detection method and detection device for integrated concrete combined external wall panel |
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| CN101113963B (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2010-10-20 | 吴永刚 | Method and device for measuring liquid thermal conductivity factor |
| CN102384928B (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2013-12-11 | 东南大学 | Method for measuring thermal conductivity of high-conductivity thermal solid material |
| CN203534994U (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-04-09 | 国家电网公司 | Automatic heat conductivity coefficient measuring device based on thermoelectric semiconductor |
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