CN109781588B - Sediment-water interface pollutant maximum diffusion flux sampling device and method - Google Patents
Sediment-water interface pollutant maximum diffusion flux sampling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109781588B CN109781588B CN201910049066.2A CN201910049066A CN109781588B CN 109781588 B CN109781588 B CN 109781588B CN 201910049066 A CN201910049066 A CN 201910049066A CN 109781588 B CN109781588 B CN 109781588B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012817 gel-diffusion technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maximum diffusion flux in-situ sampling device, a detection device and a detection method for sediment-water interface pollutants. The method can measure the maximum diffusion flux of the precipitate, and has the advantages of convenient operation and relatively small experimental strength; the applicability is strong, and the types of the target objects which can be measured are wide; small volume, and can be arranged and estimated in a large range of lakes to release flux of the whole lake.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to.
Background
The estimation of the diffusion flux of the pollutant at the sediment-water interface has important significance for understanding the substance migration and transformation process of the sediment-water interface, is one of important parameters for evaluating the substance exchange rate and the biogeochemical action intensity at the interface, and is also an important basis for early warning of the pollutant release risk. At present, the interfacial diffusion flux is mainly estimated by the following methods: pore water concentration gradient method, laboratory culture method, in-situ box measurement method and mass balance method.
The pore water concentration gradient method estimates the flux by measuring the profile distribution of the concentrations of the sediment pore water and the soluble pollutants in the overlying water and establishing the relation between the diffusion flux and the concentration gradient by combining the Fick first law, but the method for measuring the pore water concentration by layered centrifugation has lower vertical resolution, so the method has larger measurement error.
The laboratory culture method is to culture a sediment column sample with clear sediment-water interface collected from the field and estimate the diffusion flux by observing the concentration change of the pollutants in the overlying water, neglects the influence of the sedimentation of water particles and the resuspension of surface sediment on the diffusion flux in reality and has certain working strength.
The in-situ box measuring method is that an incubator is directly placed on the surface of a sediment to enclose the sediment and overlying water in a certain area, the upper part is sealed, sampling is carried out through a specific sampling port, and the concentration change of substances is analyzed to calculate the diffusion flux of a sediment-water interface, the measuring result of the method is closest to the reality, but because the incubator is sealed, an anoxic or even anaerobic environment can be formed in the incubator after a long time, so that the measuring result is influenced; and the method has higher cost, large experimental strength and no wide applicability.
The mass balance method is used for estimating the diffusion flux of a sediment-water interface by measuring the total input and the total output of pollutants in overlying water and combining the mass balance principle. The method does not relate to a reaction mechanism of a sediment-water interface, and is only suitable for flux estimation of a large-range water area.
Furthermore, the diffusion fluxes mentioned in the above methods are all actual diffusion fluxes, i.e., diffusion fluxes of the target substance at the sediment-water interface over a period of time. The maximum diffusion flux of the target over time, i.e., the maximum diffusion flux of the sediment to the overlying water over time, reflects the potential for release of the target from the sediment to the overlying water, i.e., the risk of release of the target, which cannot be measured by the above-mentioned methods.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the in-situ sampling device, the detection device and the detection method for the maximum diffusion flux of the sediment-water interface pollutants, which can be used for measuring the maximum diffusion flux of the sediment and have the advantages of convenient operation and relatively small experimental intensity; the applicability is strong, and the types of the target objects which can be measured are wide; small volume, and can be arranged and estimated in a large range of lakes to release flux of the whole lake.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a casing, fixed membrane and lower casing in deposit-water interface pollutant maximum diffusion flux normal position sampling device on cyclic annular, the top of casing is equipped with the recess that is used for holding the fixed membrane down, the fixed membrane is established in the recess of casing down, the upper end edge spaced of casing is equipped with a plurality of fins on the cyclic annular, casing cover is fixed with the fixed membrane in the upper end of casing down on the cyclic annular, sampling device's average density is greater than the water density.
Most preferably, the diameter of the annular upper shell is 3-5 cm, and the fin interval is 1-3 mm.
Most preferably, the lower shell comprises a top part and a bottom part with a larger diameter, and a conical surface connection is arranged between the bottom part and the top part.
Most preferably, the density of the sampling device is 1.02-1.15 times of the water density.
The invention also provides an in-situ detection device for the maximum diffusion flux of the sediment-water interface pollutants, which further comprises a sedimentation cylinder with two through ends, wherein a plurality of through holes are uniformly formed in the side wall of the sedimentation cylinder, and the sedimentation cylinder is further provided with a cross rod on which the sampling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is hung.
The invention also provides a sediment-water interface pollutant maximum diffusion flux in-situ detection method based on the detection device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, hanging a sampling device on a cross bar of a sedimentation cylinder, and vertically throwing the sedimentation cylinder into a water body on the water surface of a water area to be detected;
(2) the sedimentation cylinder sinks downwards to touch the water bottom, and the sampling device continues to sink downwards slowly and is inverted on the upper surface of a sediment layer at the water bottom;
(3) after the sampling device keeps on the underwater sediment layer for 24-48 h, the fixed film is taken out, and finally the maximum diffusion flux of the target pollution of the sediment-water interface in unit time is obtained by measuring the content of the target object in the central area of the fixed film.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method can measure the maximum diffusion flux of the pollutants at the sediment-water interface in situ, and warn the release risk of the pollutants, and meanwhile, the device has a groove on the contact surface with the sediments, so that the contact area of the sediments covered by the device can exchange dissolved oxygen with the outside;
(2) the method is convenient to operate, and the experimental intensity is relatively small;
(3) the method has strong applicability, and can be used for measuring a wide variety of targets (different targets, and a proper DGT fixed film is selected);
(4) the volume is small, and the device can be arranged in a large range of lakes to estimate the release flux of the whole lake.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sampling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the annular upper housing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the lower housing of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the change in overburden concentration with the results determined by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing results of pore water concentration gradient estimation with results of Fe determination by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing results of pore water concentration gradient estimation with those of P determination by the present invention.
Wherein, go up casing 1, fixed film 2, lower casing 3, recess 4, conical surface 5, fin 6.
Detailed Description
The attached drawings disclose a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention without limitation; the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method of the invention utilizes the fixed membrane capable of absorbing anions and cations to synchronously obtain the maximum diffusion flux of the sediment-water interface within a certain time. The method is realized by the following modes: the flux measuring device composed of the fixed membrane and the shell is placed at a sediment-water interface for a certain time, and an object to be measured, which diffuses from sediment to water, penetrates through a diffusion sublayer on the surface of the sediment in a free diffusion mode and is then synchronously obtained by the fixed membrane. And after the device is taken out, extracting to obtain the content of the object to be detected, and further obtaining the maximum diffusion flux of the object to be detected at the interface within the standing time.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the device for detecting the maximum diffusion flux of the pollutants on the sediment-water interface comprises a sampling device and a settling cylinder. The sampling device comprises an annular upper shell, a fixed membrane and a lower shell, wherein the top of the lower shell is provided with a groove for accommodating the fixed membrane, and the fixed membrane is arranged in the groove of the lower shell; the annular upper shell is provided with a plurality of fins at equal intervals at the upper end edge, gaps are reserved between adjacent fins, so that water in the lateral direction can circulate with a sampling device and a water-bottom contact surface, the consistency of the state of the water on the contact surface and the state of the environmental water is ensured, more importantly, the environmental water can be subjected to dissolved oxygen exchange, the anaerobic state formed in the in-situ box is overcome, and the measurement result is closer to the true value.
The annular upper shell is sleeved at the upper end of the lower shell and fixes the fixed membrane, different DGT fixed membranes can be adopted for different detection targets, the sampling device is reversely buckled on the sediment layer, and compared with an environment external sample measurement mode, the annular upper shell does not need a filter layer and a gel diffusion layer and is directly contacted with the sediment layer, so that a more real measurement environment is realized.
The annular upper shell and the annular lower shell are made of PVC materials, and the overall average density of the sampling device is slightly larger than the density of a water body (preferably 1.1 times), so that the sampling device can be ensured to slowly and stably sink to the bottom of the water to be in contact with the sediment layer.
Preferably, the lower shell comprises a top part and a bottom part with a larger diameter, and a conical surface is arranged between the bottom part and the top part for connecting, so that the sampling device is prevented from rolling when descending, and even the sampling device rolls over on a sediment layer.
During detection, a hanging rope penetrates through a hole at the bottom of a sampling device to be hung on a cross rod of a settling cylinder, then the settling cylinder is vertically put into water together with the sampling device on the water surface of a target area, the settling cylinder quickly settles to the water bottom under the action of gravity, at the moment, the sampling device (in a floating state) continues to settle downwards under the self gravity until the sampling device is buckled to the water bottom, so that a fixed membrane is in contact with a sediment layer at the water bottom, after diffusion is kept for 24-48 hours, the sampling device is taken out from the water bottom, then an annular upper shell is detached to take off the fixed membrane, a central area (an area not covered by fins) of the fixed membrane is cut out, and finally the concentration of target pollutants in the central area is measured, so that the maximum diffusion flux of the target pollution of a sediment-water interface in unit time is obtained. While the gaps between the adjacent fins provide dissolved oxygen exchange, target pollutants contained in the environmental water can be diffused and fixed on the fixed membrane from the periphery to the inside without influencing the actual concentration of the target pollutants in the central area, so that the accuracy of in-situ measurement is ensured.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show the comparison of the test data of the method of the present invention with the variation of the overburden water concentration and the pore water concentration gradient method, from which it can be seen that the variation of the measurement result of the present invention is consistent with the variation trend of the overburden water concentration and also consistent with the variation trend of the estimation result of the pore water concentration gradient method.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The in-situ sampling device for the maximum diffusion flux of the sediment-water interface pollutants is characterized in that: casing, fixed membrane and lower casing on the annular, the top of casing is equipped with the recess that is used for holding the fixed membrane down, the fixed membrane is established in the recess of casing down, the spaced a plurality of fins that are equipped with of the last border of casing on the annular, casing cover is fixed with the fixed membrane in the upper end of casing down on the annular, sampling device's average density is greater than the water density.
2. The sediment-water interface pollutant maximum diffusion flux in-situ sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the annular upper shell is 3-5 cm, and the fin distance is 1-3 mm.
3. The sediment-water interface pollutant maximum diffusion flux in-situ sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower shell comprises a top and a bottom with a larger diameter, and a conical surface is arranged between the bottom and the top for connection.
4. The sediment-water interface pollutant maximum diffusion flux in-situ sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the density of the sampling device is 1.02-1.15 times of the water density.
5. The device for detecting the maximum diffusion flux of the pollutants on the sediment-water interface in situ is characterized in that: the sampler also comprises a sedimentation cylinder with two through ends, wherein the side wall of the sedimentation cylinder is uniformly provided with a plurality of through holes, and the sedimentation cylinder is also provided with a cross rod on which the sampling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is hung.
6. An in-situ detection method for maximum diffusion flux of pollutants at a sediment-water interface based on the detection device of claim 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, hanging a sampling device on a cross bar of a sedimentation cylinder, and vertically throwing the sedimentation cylinder into a water body on the water surface of a water area to be detected;
(2) the sedimentation cylinder sinks downwards to touch the water bottom, and the sampling device continues to sink downwards slowly and is inverted on the upper surface of a sediment layer at the water bottom;
(3) after the sampling device keeps on the underwater sediment layer for 24-48 h, the fixed film is taken out, and finally the maximum diffusion flux of the target pollution of the sediment-water interface in unit time is obtained by measuring the content of the target object in the central area of the fixed film.
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| CN111141641A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-05-12 | 南京智感环境科技有限公司 | Improved sediment-water interface pollutant maximum diffusion flux in-situ sampling device, detection device and detection method |
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| CN204188445U (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2015-03-04 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of DGT device of improvement |
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| US20130230928A1 (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-09-05 | Qingzhi Zhu | Sensor membranes for reagent free imaging of dissolved ferrous iron concentrations |
| CN106525662A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-22 | 天津天润益康环保科技有限公司 | Solid-liquid dual-purpose DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films) sleeve |
| WO2018140497A1 (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2018-08-02 | Efimov Igor R | Apparatus and methods for in vitro preclinical human trials |
| CN111103215A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-05-05 | 天津大学 | Method for evaluating desorption rate of heavy metals and metalloids in polluted or overproof soil |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| US8746968B2 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2014-06-10 | Neosens | Microsensor produced in microsystem technologies for the measurement and/or detection of fouling |
| CN202281703U (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-06-20 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Deposit aperture water upper level water body sampler |
| CN202837278U (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-03-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Device for determining deposit oxygen consumption rate, interface element flux and microalgae microorganisms |
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