CN113218894B - Shallow-section rapid identification shallow lake sediment pollution layering information method - Google Patents
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a shallow-profile rapid identification method for shallow lake sediment pollution layering information. The method for quickly identifying the pollution layering information of the shallow lake sediments through the shallow profile increases linear correlation analysis of the water content and the pollutant content of each layering sediment on the basis of shallow profile scanning and columnar sample pollutant measurement so as to quickly identify the pollution layering information of the lake sediments through the shallow profile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shallow profile rapid identification method for shallow lake sediment pollution layering information, and belongs to the technical field of water body surveying and mapping.
Background
In recent years, the problems of water environment pollution and the like caused by rapid development of regional economy are increasingly prominent, surface water quality of rivers, lakes and the like is polluted due to urban and rural domestic wastewater, industrial and agricultural wastewater, livestock and poultry breeding wastewater and the like, and the water body has eutrophication characteristics. A large amount of exogenous pollution is finally gathered in the sediment in the forms of sedimentation, diffusion and the like after entering the water body, and under certain conditions, the pollutants in the sediment are released to the overlying water body to become the endogenous pollution of the water body. After the exogenous pollution is effectively controlled, the endogenous pollution of the sediment becomes a key factor influencing the eutrophication treatment of the water body. Ecological dredging of lake sediment is an important means for reducing endogenous pollution load of sediment, and determining the sedimentation characteristics and pollution distribution of the sediment is the basis for making scientific dredging plans. The rapid identification of the pollution layering of the lake sediments provides technical support for making clear sediment pollution distribution, sediment removal depth design and other sediment removal plans.
In the prior art, sediment survey is mainly used for calibrating and verifying a shallow section result, and only the change characteristic of the sediment along with the depth can be obtained after analyzing and measuring the content of pollutants, and the pollution layering information of lake sediments is difficult to quickly identify without combining the sediment with the pollutant content.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a shallow-section rapid identification method of layered pollution information of shallow lake sediments.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the method for quickly identifying shallow lake sediment pollution layering information by shallow dissection comprises the following steps:
s1, scanning by a shallow-section device:
scanning the thickness of sediment sludge at the bottom of the lake by using a shallow profile device to obtain shallow profile data, and driving a ship carrying shallow profile equipment in the scanning process according to the end surface and the middle line direction;
s2, collecting columnar samples:
in the scanning process of the shallow profile device, a gravity type sediment sampler is used for collecting a water bottom columnar sample along the shallow profile scanning direction;
s3, analyzing the column sample:
analyzing the collected water bottom columnar samples, and measuring the water content and nutrient content data of each layered columnar sample to obtain the distribution condition of the water content and the nutrient content of each columnar sample along the depth direction;
s4, linear correlation analysis:
analyzing the correlation of the water content and nutrient content data, and identifying the distribution information of high water content and high-pollution sediment according to a linear correlation relationship and a shallow sectional image;
and S5, drawing a contour map.
In the scanning process of the step S1, the section spacing is not more than 10 meters, and the centerline spacing is not more than 20 meters.
In the analysis of the columnar sample in step S3, the nutrient content includes TN (total nitrogen) content, TP (total phosphorus) content and TOC (organic carbon) content.
The method for measuring the water content and the nutrient content of each layered columnar sample specifically comprises the following steps: layering the water bottom columnar samples at intervals, wherein each layer corresponds to a sediment depth, measuring the water content of one part of each layer of sample by using a drying method, measuring the TN content of the rest part of the sample by using an alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation ultraviolet spectrophotometry method after freeze drying treatment, measuring the TP content by using a potassium persulfate oxidation spectrophotometry method, and measuring the TOC content by using a TOC analyzer.
The step S4 linear correlation analysis specifically includes the following processes:
s4.1, taking the depth of the sediment as a Y axis, taking the water content and the content data of each nutrient substance as X axes respectively, and making a graph of the change of the water content and the content of the nutrient substance along with the depth;
s4.2, performing correlation analysis on the content of each nutrient substance and the water content, taking the content of each nutrient substance as a Y axis, taking the water content data as an X axis, making a change graph of the content of each nutrient substance along with the water content, performing linear fitting, and determining a linear correlation coefficient; if the linear correlation coefficient is larger than 0.8, strong correlation exists between the content of the nutrient substances and the water content, if the linear correlation coefficient is in the range of 0.3-0.8, weak correlation exists between the content of the nutrient substances and the water content, and if the linear correlation coefficient is smaller than 0.3, no correlation exists between the content of the nutrient substances and the water content;
and S4.3, respectively defining the depth of the sludge layer according to the layering information of the section signal diagram near the columnar sample acquisition point and the vertical distribution diagram of the water content of the columnar sample, and comparing the two layering information, wherein when the depth difference is less than 5cm, the layering information is considered to be consistent, namely the water content distribution of the bottom sludge and the content distribution of nutrient substances can be judged according to the shallow section signal diagram.
And step S5, performing digital processing on the acoustic signal of the shallow profile data by using Starabox, Hypack and Excel software, and drawing a sediment layering equal thickness map by using surfer software.
The invention has the beneficial effects based on the technical scheme that:
the existing shallow dissection scheme can only obtain the sludge layering information of the sediment and cannot be combined with the bottom sludge pollution condition. To obtain pollution layering data of the sediment, a large number of columnar samples are collected and brought back to a laboratory for layering analysis, and according to an inflection point method or an adsorption-desorption equilibrium method, the pollution layering data of the sediment is obtained through the vertical distribution characteristics of pollutants of the columnar samples in each layer or the pollutant concentration when the pollutants in each layer and the pollutants on the overlying water are exchanged to reach equilibrium. According to the method, on the basis of shallow profile scanning and columnar sample pollutant determination, linear correlation analysis of the water content and the pollutant content of each layered deposit is added, pollution layering information of lake sediments can be rapidly identified through shallow profile, analysis time is greatly shortened, and layering accuracy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of water content and nutrient content as a function of depth.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of the content of each nutrient substance with the water content.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional signal diagram around a columnar sample point.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The invention provides a shallow-section method for quickly identifying shallow lake sediment pollution layering information, which comprises the following steps:
s1, scanning by a shallow-section device:
scanning the thickness of sediment sludge at the bottom of the lake by using a shallow profile device to obtain shallow profile data, and driving a ship carrying shallow profile equipment in the scanning process according to the end surface and the middle line direction; in the scanning process, the distance between the sections is not more than 10 meters, and the distance between the middle lines is not more than 20 meters.
S2, collecting columnar samples:
in the scanning process of the shallow profile device, a gravity type sediment sampler is used for collecting a water bottom columnar sample along the shallow profile scanning direction.
S3, analyzing the column sample:
analyzing the collected water bottom columnar samples, and measuring the water content and nutrient content data of each layered columnar sample to obtain the distribution condition of the water content and the nutrient content of each columnar sample along the depth direction; in the analysis of the columnar sample, the content of nutrient substances comprises TN content, TP content and TOC content.
The method for measuring the water content and the nutrient content of each layered columnar sample specifically comprises the following steps: layering the water bottom columnar samples at intervals, wherein each layer corresponds to a sediment depth, measuring the water content of one part of each layer of sample by using a drying method, measuring the TN content of the rest part of the sample by using an alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation ultraviolet spectrophotometry method after freeze drying treatment, measuring the TP content by using a potassium persulfate oxidation spectrophotometry method, and measuring the TOC content by using a TOC analyzer.
S4, linear correlation analysis:
analyzing the correlation of the water content and nutrient content data, and identifying the distribution information of high water content and high-pollution sediment according to a linear correlation relationship and a shallow sectional image; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s4.1, taking the depth of the sediment as a Y axis, taking the water content and the content data of each nutrient substance as X axes respectively, and making a graph of the change of the water content and the content of the nutrient substance along with the depth;
TABLE 1 classification standard of dredging rock and soil
Taking the collected data of a certain water area in the north of the river as an example, a graph showing the change of the water content and the nutrient content along with the depth is shown in figure 1; FIG. 1 shows that the thickness of a sludge layer is 25-30 cm, the water content of the sludge layer is obviously reduced, and the contents of TN, TP and TOC are correspondingly obviously reduced in the sludge layer, and are similar to the mutation depth of the water content;
s4.2, performing correlation analysis on the content of each nutrient substance and the water content, taking the content of each nutrient substance as a Y axis, taking the water content data as an X axis, making a change graph of the content of each nutrient substance along with the water content, and performing linear fitting, wherein when the linear correlation coefficient is more than 0.8, the content of each nutrient substance and the water content are strongly correlated, when the linear correlation coefficient is 0.3-0.8, the content of each nutrient substance and the water content are weakly correlated, and when the linear correlation coefficient is less than 0.3, the content of each nutrient substance and the water content are not correlated;
taking the collected data of a certain water area in the north of the river as an example, the correlation analysis of the content of each nutrient substance and the water content is shown in table 2, and the change relationship is shown in fig. 2. The two show that the TN, TP and TOC contents and the water content of corresponding depth present obvious positive correlation, and the linear correlation coefficient is higher than 0.8, so that the pollutant layering information of the bottom mud can be rapidly judged through the change of the water content.
TABLE 2 analysis of the correlation between the nutrient content and the water content
In Table 2, the significance level P.ltoreq.0.05; indicates a significance level P ≦ 0.01.
And S4.3, respectively defining the depth of the sludge layer according to the layering information of the section signal diagram near the columnar sample acquisition point and the vertical distribution diagram of the water content of the columnar sample, and comparing the two layering information, wherein when the depth difference is less than 5cm, the layering information is considered to be consistent, namely the water content distribution of the bottom sludge and the content distribution of nutrient substances can be judged according to the shallow section signal diagram.
Taking the collected data of a certain water area in the north of river as an example, the section signal diagram near the sampling point in fig. 3 shows that the depth of a light color part (a dotted line marked area in fig. 3) on the surface layer is 20-25 cm, the depth of a sludge layer part with the water content of the columnar sample being more than 55% is 25-30 cm, and the depth difference between the light color part and the sludge layer part is about 5cm, so that the sludge layering information of the shallow section signal diagram is consistent with the water content layering information of the columnar sample, and then the shallow section signal diagram can be used for rapidly identifying the layering information of high water content and high pollution bottom sludge according to the shallow section diagram by combining with the correlation analysis in the step S4.2.
And S5, drawing a contour map.
According to the method for quickly identifying the pollution layering information of the shallow lake sediments through the shallow profile, the linear correlation analysis of the water content and the pollutant content of each layering sediment is added on the basis of shallow profile scanning and columnar sample pollutant measurement, the pollution layering information of the lake sediments can be quickly identified through the shallow profile, the analysis time is greatly shortened, and the layering accuracy is improved.
Claims (5)
1. A shallow-section method for quickly identifying shallow lake sediment pollution layering information is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, scanning by a shallow-section device:
scanning the thickness of sediment sludge at the bottom of the lake by using a shallow profile device to obtain shallow profile data, and driving a ship carrying shallow profile equipment in the scanning process according to the end surface and the middle line direction;
s2, collecting columnar samples:
in the scanning process of the shallow profile device, a gravity type sediment sampler is used for collecting a water bottom columnar sample along the shallow profile scanning direction;
s3, analyzing the column sample:
analyzing the collected water bottom columnar samples, and measuring the water content and nutrient content data of each layered columnar sample to obtain the distribution condition of the water content and the nutrient content of each columnar sample along the depth direction;
s4, linear correlation analysis:
analyzing the correlation of the water content and nutrient content data, and identifying the distribution information of high water content and high-pollution sediment according to a linear correlation relationship and a shallow sectional image; the linear correlation analysis specifically includes the following processes:
s4.1, taking the depth of the sediment as a Y axis, taking the water content and the content data of each nutrient substance as X axes respectively, and making a graph of the change of the water content and the content of the nutrient substance along with the depth;
s4.2, performing correlation analysis on the content of each nutrient substance and the water content, taking the content of each nutrient substance as a Y axis, taking the water content data as an X axis, making a change graph of the content of each nutrient substance along with the water content, performing linear fitting, and determining a linear correlation coefficient; if the linear correlation coefficient is larger than 0.8, strong correlation exists between the content of the nutrient substances and the water content, if the linear correlation coefficient is in the range of 0.3-0.8, weak correlation exists between the content of the nutrient substances and the water content, and if the linear correlation coefficient is smaller than 0.3, no correlation exists between the content of the nutrient substances and the water content;
s4.3, respectively defining the depth of the sludge layer according to the layering information of the section signal diagram near the columnar sample acquisition point and the vertical distribution diagram of the water content of the columnar sample, and comparing the depth of the sludge layer with the layering information, wherein when the depth difference between the two is less than 5cm, the layering information is considered to be consistent, namely the water content distribution of the bottom sludge and the content distribution of nutrient substances can be judged according to the shallow section signal diagram;
and S5, drawing a contour map.
2. The shallow-section rapid identification shallow lake sediment pollution layering information method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the scanning process of the step S1, the section spacing is not more than 10 meters, and the centerline spacing is not more than 20 meters.
3. The shallow-section rapid identification shallow lake sediment pollution layering information method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3 of analyzing the columnar sample, the nutrient content includes TN content, TP content and TOC content.
4. The shallow-section rapid identification shallow lake sediment pollution layering information method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method for measuring the water content and the nutrient content of each layered columnar sample specifically comprises the following steps: layering the water bottom columnar samples at intervals, wherein each layer corresponds to a sediment depth, measuring the water content of one part of each layer of sample by using a drying method, measuring the TN content of the rest part of the sample by using an alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation ultraviolet spectrophotometry method after freeze drying treatment, measuring the TP content by using a potassium persulfate oxidation spectrophotometry method, and measuring the TOC content by using a TOC analyzer.
5. The shallow-section rapid identification shallow lake sediment pollution layering information method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step S5, performing digital processing on the acoustic signal of the shallow profile data by using Starabox, Hypack and Excel software, and drawing a sediment layering equal thickness map by using surfer software.
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