CN109778859B - Concrete high dam all-dam non-bin surface consolidation grouting method and structure - Google Patents

Concrete high dam all-dam non-bin surface consolidation grouting method and structure Download PDF

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CN109778859B
CN109778859B CN201910184918.9A CN201910184918A CN109778859B CN 109778859 B CN109778859 B CN 109778859B CN 201910184918 A CN201910184918 A CN 201910184918A CN 109778859 B CN109778859 B CN 109778859B
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grouting
dam
concrete
shallow
cracks
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CN109778859A (en
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施华堂
王汉辉
翁永红
丁刚
徐年丰
刘加龙
邹德兵
肖碧
刘权庆
黄小艳
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a structure for concreting and grouting a full dam of a concrete high dam without a bin surface. The invention adopts a consolidation grouting method from the outside to the inside, firstly, a sealing condition is provided for shallow rock mass grouting by sealing surface cracks, the problem of leakage in the grouting process is prevented from influencing the grouting effect, and the slurry diffusion range is ensured to the greatest extent; then, the shallow grouting holes are encrypted, so that cracks between adjacent holes can be completely filled with slurry; and finally, the cover weight of the shallow rock mass is utilized, and the relatively high grouting pressure is adopted for the deep rock mass, so that the diffusion range of the slurry is enlarged, and the consolidation grouting quality of the dam foundation is ensured. Only the local shallow surface rock mass blasting cracks need to be further treated, a small amount of shallow guide pipe grouting holes can be used for treatment, and the grouting quality of the shallow surface rock mass is ensured. In addition, for the dam sections with the slope of the two shore building base planes larger than 50 degrees, the dam sections can be combined with the contact grouting pipeline to serve as the guide pipe pipeline, and special guide pipe pipelines are not required to be arranged, so that the construction difficulty is greatly reduced.

Description

一种混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆方法和结构A kind of consolidation grouting method and structure for the whole dam of concrete high dam without silo

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及水工建筑物基础处理领域,尤其是涉及一种混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆方法和结构。The invention relates to the field of foundation treatment of hydraulic structures, and in particular to a consolidation grouting method and structure of a full-dam concrete high dam without a silo surface.

背景技术Background technique

混凝土重力坝和拱坝按其坝高分为低坝、中坝和高坝。其中重力坝坝高30m以下为低坝,30m~70m为中坝,70m以上为高坝;拱坝坝高50m以下为低坝,50m~100m为中坝,100m以上为高坝。Concrete gravity dams and arch dams are divided into low dams, medium dams and high dams according to their dam height. Among them, the gravity dam is a low dam with a height below 30m, a medium dam with a height between 30m and 70m, and a high dam with a height above 70m. The arch dam is a low dam with a height below 50m, a medium dam with a height between 50m and 100m, and a high dam with a height above 100m.

混凝土高坝承受的水荷载相当大,其坝基稳定关系着大坝长期运行安全,混凝土高坝坝基应具有足够的耐压性和一定程度的均质性。但天然岩石坝基不可避免的存在软弱、破碎、多裂隙、节理发育等地质条件较差的地质条件,一般常用固结灌浆的方法进行处理。固结灌浆一般以水泥为材料,利用灌浆泵通过钻孔或埋管的方法把水泥浆液压送到岩体裂隙中,以提高岩体的整体性和抗变形能力。目前混凝土高坝坝基固结灌浆常用的方法有4种,分别为混凝土盖重钻孔固结灌浆(以下简称“有盖重灌浆”)、无混凝土盖重固结灌浆(以下简称“无盖重灌浆”)、有混凝土盖重引管灌浆(以下简称“引管灌浆”)、深部利用岩体盖重+引管灌浆等4种方法,分别存在以下问题:High concrete dams bear considerable water loads, and the stability of their dam foundations is related to the long-term safety of the dam's operation. The foundations of high concrete dams should have sufficient pressure resistance and a certain degree of homogeneity. However, natural rock dam foundations inevitably have poor geological conditions such as weakness, fragmentation, multiple fissures, and joint development. Consolidation grouting is generally used to deal with these conditions. Consolidation grouting generally uses cement as the material, and uses a grouting pump to hydraulically deliver the cement slurry into the cracks of the rock mass through drilling or buried pipes to improve the integrity and deformation resistance of the rock mass. At present, there are four commonly used methods for consolidation grouting of concrete high dam foundations, namely consolidation grouting with concrete cover and drilling holes (hereinafter referred to as "covered grouting"), and consolidation grouting without concrete cover (hereinafter referred to as "uncovered grouting"). There are four methods: grouting with concrete cover and guide pipe grouting (hereinafter referred to as "pipe grouting"), and deep use of rock mass cover and guide pipe grouting. Each of them has the following problems:

(1)“有盖重灌浆方法”占压混凝土浇筑仓面,与大坝混凝土浇筑干扰大。“有盖重灌浆方法”是指在坝体混凝土浇筑一定高度后,在混凝土仓面上钻孔进行固结灌浆,其优点是能够利用混凝土盖重对表层裂隙进行封闭,能适当提高灌固结浆压力,灌浆效果有保证;但其缺点需要占压大坝混凝土浇筑仓面,不仅占用坝体混凝土浇筑的直线工期,而且可能因仓面长间歇造成坝体混凝土开裂,此外,钻孔时容易打断坝体中的冷却水管等预埋件,影响坝体混凝土通水冷却效果。(1) The "covered heavy grouting method" occupies the surface of the concrete pouring bin and greatly interferes with the concrete pouring of the dam. The "covered heavy grouting method" means that after the concrete of the dam body is poured to a certain height, holes are drilled on the surface of the concrete bin for consolidation grouting. Its advantage is that it can use the concrete cover weight to seal the surface cracks and appropriately improve the grouting and consolidation. The grouting pressure is guaranteed, and the grouting effect is guaranteed; but its disadvantage is that it requires occupying the dam concrete pouring silo surface, which not only takes up the linear construction period of the dam concrete pouring, but also may cause the dam body concrete to crack due to long intervals in the silo surface. In addition, it is easy to drill holes. Breaking the cooling water pipes and other embedded parts in the dam body will affect the water cooling effect of the dam body concrete.

(2)“无盖重灌浆方法”仅适用于地质条件较好的坝段,灌浆效果难以保证。“无盖重灌浆方法”是在岩基面上直接进行钻孔灌浆作业,其工作先于混凝土浇筑,不会对混凝土浇筑产生干扰。但是,无盖重固结灌浆也有其自身的弱点,一般仅适用于岩体条件较好的坝段。由于没有混凝土盖重的作用,灌浆过程中经常出现从建基面裂隙漏浆的问题,导致灌浆压力难以提升至设计压力,灌浆效果往往不能令人满意。(2) The "uncovered heavy grouting method" is only suitable for dam sections with good geological conditions, and the grouting effect is difficult to guarantee. The "uncovered heavy grouting method" is to drill holes and grout directly on the rock base surface. The work precedes the concrete pouring and will not interfere with the concrete pouring. However, heavy consolidation grouting without cover also has its own weaknesses and is generally only suitable for dam sections with good rock mass conditions. Since there is no concrete cover weight, the problem of grout leakage from the cracks in the foundation surface often occurs during the grouting process, making it difficult to increase the grouting pressure to the design pressure, and the grouting effect is often unsatisfactory.

(3)“引管灌浆方法”施工相对复杂,灌浆效果相对较差。“引管灌浆方法”是在建基面钻孔并埋设灌浆管路引至混凝土仓外,待混凝土浇筑至一定高度后利用引管管路进行灌浆,不占压混凝土浇筑仓面,但存在以下问题:一是引管灌浆施工相对复杂,增加了许多灌浆管路;二是引管灌浆属群孔灌浆,某一段管路堵塞或破坏将引起群孔的灌浆失效,且群孔中某一孔若遇大漏量将影响群孔中其它孔的灌浆效果;三是为防止引起坝体抬动,群孔灌浆的压力不宜高,相应低压灌浆效果可能较差。(3) The construction of the "pipe grouting method" is relatively complicated and the grouting effect is relatively poor. The "pipe grouting method" is to drill holes in the base surface and bury grouting pipes to lead them to the outside of the concrete silo. After the concrete is poured to a certain height, the piping pipes are used for grouting. It does not occupy the surface of the concrete pouring silo, but there are the following problems Problems: First, the grouting construction of the lead pipe is relatively complicated, adding many grouting pipelines; second, the grouting of the lead pipe is a group-hole grouting. Blockage or damage of a certain section of the pipeline will cause the grouting failure of the group of holes, and a certain hole in the group of holes will fail. If there is a large leakage, it will affect the grouting effect of other holes in the group of holes; thirdly, in order to prevent the dam body from lifting, the grouting pressure of the group of holes should not be high, and the corresponding low-pressure grouting effect may be poor.

(4)“深部利用岩体盖重+浅层引管灌浆方法”灌浆效果可能较差,施工复杂。“深部利用岩体盖重+浅层引管灌浆方法”是在混凝土浇筑前利用岩体盖重对深部岩体进行灌浆,并针对浅层岩体预埋引管管路,混凝土浇筑后对浅层岩体进行引管灌浆。其存在以下问题:一是深部利用岩体盖重灌浆时,仍可能存在从浅层岩体裂隙漏浆的问题,灌浆质量可能较差;二是浅层引管深度一般为2m~3m,引管灌浆孔孔距一般较密,仍存在引管灌浆施工复杂、灌浆效果相对较差等问题。(4) The "deep rock mass capping method + shallow guide pipe grouting method" may have poor grouting effect and complicated construction. The "deep use of rock mass capping + shallow lead pipe grouting method" is to use the rock mass capping weight to grout the deep rock mass before concrete pouring, and embed the lead pipes for the shallow rock mass, and then grout the shallow rock mass after the concrete is poured. Conduct pipe grouting on the rock mass. It has the following problems: First, when grouting with rock mass cover in deep areas, there may still be a problem of grout leakage from the cracks in the shallow rock mass, and the grouting quality may be poor; second, the depth of the shallow lead pipe is generally 2m~3m, and the lead pipe depth is generally 2m~3m. The spacing of pipe grouting holes is generally dense, and there are still problems such as complicated construction of lead pipe grouting and relatively poor grouting effect.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为解决以上问题,本发明提供了一种混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆方法和结构。本发明可适用于高混凝土重力坝和拱坝,且完全避免与混凝土浇筑干扰、施工简便、质量可靠。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a consolidation grouting method and structure for the whole dam of a high concrete dam without a silo. The invention can be applied to high concrete gravity dams and arch dams, completely avoids interference with concrete pouring, has simple construction and reliable quality.

本发明采用的技术方案是:一种混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆方法和结构,包括以下步骤:The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a concrete high dam full dam non-silo surface consolidation grouting method and structure, which includes the following steps:

a、建基面清理:混凝土高坝建基面开挖完成后,对建基面进行清理;a. Cleaning of the foundation surface: After the excavation of the foundation surface of the concrete high dam is completed, the foundation surface should be cleaned;

b、建基面裂隙封闭:对于两岸岸坡部位的建基面裂隙、河床部位的建基面裂隙和局部深槽部位进行封闭处理;b. Foundation surface crack sealing: seal the foundation surface cracks on the bank slopes on both sides, the foundation surface cracks on the river bed, and local deep grooves;

c、灌前预先压水:灌浆前排查未封闭裂隙,发现存在外漏情况的裂隙后,对外漏裂隙进行封闭处理;c. Prepress water before grouting: Check for unsealed cracks before grouting. If cracks with leakage are found, seal the leakage cracks;

d、坝基浅层岩体加密灌浆:对坝基浅层岩体进行加密固结灌浆处理;d. Densification and consolidation grouting of the shallow rock mass of the dam foundation: Perform intensification and consolidation grouting treatment on the shallow rock mass of the dam foundation;

e、坝基深部岩体加压灌浆:将浅层加密灌浆孔的部分后序孔加深,作为深部加压灌浆孔,对深部岩体进行加压固结灌浆处理;e. Pressurized grouting of the deep rock mass of the dam foundation: deepen some of the subsequent holes of the shallow dense grouting holes and use them as deep pressurized grouting holes to perform pressurized consolidation grouting treatment on the deep rock mass;

f、坝体混凝土浇筑前设置少量引管管路:针对两岸建基面坡度大于50°的坝段,利用埋设的接触灌浆管路,作为引管管路;针对建基面坡度小于50°的坝段,埋设引管管路;f. Set up a small number of lead pipes before the concrete pouring of the dam body: For the dam sections with a base surface slope of more than 50° on both sides, use buried contact grouting pipes as lead pipes; for dam sections with a base surface slope of less than 50° In the dam section, the lead pipe is buried;

g、坝体混凝土浇筑后进行引管灌浆:待坝体混凝土浇筑到一定高度,基础混凝土温度达到设计规定稳定值后,进行引管灌浆或接触灌浆施工。g. Conduct lead pipe grouting after the dam body concrete is poured: After the dam body concrete is poured to a certain height and the temperature of the foundation concrete reaches the stable value specified by the design, lead pipe grouting or contact grouting construction is carried out.

作为优选,所述步骤a中,对建基面进行清理,挖除局部松动岩块,并采用高压水对建基面裂隙进行冲洗。Preferably, in step a, the foundation surface is cleaned, local loose rocks are excavated, and high-pressure water is used to flush the cracks in the foundation surface.

作为优选,所述步骤b中,对于两岸岸坡部位的建基面裂隙,采用批刮快硬水泥的方法进行封闭;对于河床部位的建基面裂隙,采用批刮快硬水泥的方法进行封闭;对于局部深槽部位,结合填塘混凝土进行封闭。Preferably, in step b, the cracks in the foundation surface of the bank slopes on both sides are sealed by scraping fast-hardening cement; the cracks in the foundation surface of the river bed are sealed by scraping quick-hardening cement. ; For local deep groove parts, seal them with pond-filling concrete.

进一步的,所述步骤b中,封闭深度不小于10cm,且不超出建基面高程,养护待凝至50%设计强度。Further, in step b, the sealing depth is not less than 10cm and does not exceed the elevation of the foundation surface, and the curing is to be cured to 50% of the design strength.

作为优选,所述步骤c中,采用预先压水的方法排查未封闭裂隙。Preferably, in step c, the method of pre-pressurizing water is used to check for unsealed cracks.

作为优选,所述步骤d中,浅层固结灌浆孔孔深3m,孔距2.5m×1.25m~3m×1.5m,灌浆压力0.6MPa~1.0MPa。Preferably, in step d, the depth of the shallow consolidation grouting hole is 3m, the hole spacing is 2.5m×1.25m~3m×1.5m, and the grouting pressure is 0.6MPa~1.0MPa.

作为优选,所述步骤e中,深部岩体固结灌浆孔孔距2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m,灌浆压力采用1.0MPa~2.5MPa。Preferably, in step e, the distance between deep rock mass consolidation grouting holes is 2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m, and the grouting pressure is 1.0MPa~2.5MPa.

作为优选,所述步骤f中,接触灌浆或引管灌浆的孔距2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m,孔深0.3m~0.5m,引管管路均引至坝体下游。Preferably, in the step f, the hole spacing of contact grouting or guide pipe grouting is 2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m, the hole depth is 0.3m~0.5m, and the guide pipes are all led to the downstream of the dam body.

一种混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆结构,其特征在于:包括批刮快硬水泥层、浅层加密灌浆孔、深层加压灌浆孔和引管灌浆管路,所述批刮快硬水泥层设置在建基面表层裂隙处;所述引管灌浆管路预埋在坝体混凝土内,所述引管灌浆管路的灌浆入口穿出坝体混凝土外,所述引管灌浆管路的灌浆出口伸入到建基面下0.3m~0.5m,所述引管灌浆管路在建基面内的孔距为2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m;所述浅层加密灌浆孔伸入到建基面下3m,孔距为2.5m×1.25m~3m×1.5m,灌浆压力为0.6MPa~1.0MPa;所述深层加压灌浆孔伸入到建基面下10m,孔距为2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m,灌浆压力为1.0MPa~2.5MPa。A consolidated grouting structure for a high concrete dam without a silo surface, which is characterized by: including a fast-hardening cement layer, a shallow dense grouting hole, a deep pressurized grouting hole and a guide grouting pipeline. The batch-scraping fast The hard cement layer is set at the cracks on the surface of the foundation surface; the lead grouting pipeline is pre-embedded in the dam body concrete, and the grouting entrance of the lead grouting pipeline penetrates outside the dam body concrete, and the lead grouting pipe The grouting outlet of the road extends to 0.3m~0.5m below the foundation surface. The hole spacing of the lead grouting pipeline in the foundation surface is 2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m; the shallow dense grouting holes It extends 3m below the foundation surface, with a hole spacing of 2.5m×1.25m~3m×1.5m, and a grouting pressure of 0.6MPa~1.0MPa; the deep pressurized grouting holes extend 10m below the foundation surface, with a hole distance It is 2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m, and the grouting pressure is 1.0MPa~2.5MPa.

作为优选,所述深层加压灌浆孔在浅层加密灌浆孔基础上加工而成Preferably, the deep pressurized grouting holes are processed on the basis of shallow dense grouting holes.

本发明取得的有益效果是:The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

(1)采用无仓面固结灌浆方法,彻底避免与混凝土干扰问题(1) Adopt consolidation grouting method without silo surface to completely avoid interference with concrete

本方法采用无仓面固结灌浆的方法,大坝建基面开挖完成后,进行表面裂隙封闭、浅层岩体加密灌浆、深部岩体加压灌浆等工作,并布置少量引管灌浆管路,然后进行混凝土浇筑施工,待混凝土龄期达到要求后,再进行引管灌浆施工,完全不占压大坝混凝土浇筑仓面,彻底避免与混凝土干扰问题,不占用坝体混凝土浇筑的直线工期,不仅避免了因仓面长间歇造成坝体混凝土开裂的问题,也避免了钻孔打断坝体中的冷却水管等预埋件的问题。This method adopts the method of consolidation grouting without silo surface. After the excavation of the dam foundation surface is completed, surface crack sealing, shallow rock mass density grouting, deep rock mass pressurized grouting, etc. are carried out, and a small number of lead grouting pipes are arranged. Road, and then carry out concrete pouring construction. After the concrete age reaches the requirements, the lead pipe grouting construction will be carried out. This will not occupy the concrete pouring warehouse surface of the dam at all, completely avoid interference with the concrete, and will not occupy the straight construction period of the dam body concrete pouring. , not only avoids the problem of cracking of the dam body concrete due to long intervals of the warehouse surface, but also avoids the problem of drilling and interrupting embedded parts such as cooling water pipes in the dam body.

(2)采用“由表及里”的固结灌浆方法,保证了坝基固结灌浆质量(2) The "from the outside to the inside" consolidation grouting method is adopted to ensure the quality of the consolidation grouting of the dam foundation.

本方法采用“由表及里”的固结灌浆方法,首先通过封闭表面裂隙为浅层岩体灌浆提供封闭条件,防止灌浆过程中发生外漏问题影响灌浆效果,并最大程度保证浆液扩散范围;然后通过加密浅层灌浆孔,使得相邻孔间裂隙能够被浆液完全填充;最后利用浅层岩体的盖重作用,对深部岩体采用相对较高的灌浆压力,加大浆液的扩散范围,保证了坝基固结灌浆质量。This method adopts the "from the surface to the inside" consolidation grouting method. First, it provides sealing conditions for shallow rock mass grouting by sealing surface cracks to prevent leakage problems during the grouting process from affecting the grouting effect, and to ensure the slurry diffusion range to the greatest extent; Then, the shallow grouting holes are encrypted so that the cracks between adjacent holes can be completely filled with grout; finally, the capping effect of the shallow rock mass is used to apply relatively high grouting pressure to the deep rock mass to increase the diffusion range of the grout. The quality of dam foundation consolidation grouting is guaranteed.

通过“由表及里”固结灌浆方法的处理,坝基岩体灌浆质量基本满足要求,仅存在局部浅表层岩体爆破裂隙需要进一步处理,可采用少量浅引管灌浆孔进行处理,浅表层岩体灌浆质量更有保证。此外,对于两岸建基面坡度大于50°的坝段,可结合接触灌浆管路作为引管管路,不需要布置专门的引管管路,大幅降低了施工难度。Through the "surface-to-inside" consolidation grouting method, the grouting quality of the dam foundation rock mass basically meets the requirements. There are only local shallow surface rock mass burst cracks that need further processing. A small number of shallow lead pipe grouting holes can be used for processing. The shallow surface rock mass The quality of body grouting is more guaranteed. In addition, for dam sections where the slope of the base surface on both sides is greater than 50°, contact grouting pipes can be used as lead pipes, without the need to arrange special lead pipes, which greatly reduces the difficulty of construction.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆“表封闭”示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the "surface sealing" of consolidation grouting on the whole dam without a silo in a high concrete dam;

图2为混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆“浅加密”示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of "shallow density" consolidation grouting of the entire dam without a silo in a high concrete dam;

图3为混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆“深升压”示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the "deep boost" consolidation grouting of the entire concrete high dam without a silo surface;

图4为混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆“少引管”示意图;Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the "less lead pipe" consolidation grouting of the entire concrete high dam without a silo surface;

附图标记:1、建基面裂隙,2、浅表层岩石爆破裂隙,3、浅层岩石裂隙,4、深部岩石裂隙,5、浅层加密灌浆孔,6、深部加压灌浆孔,7、引管灌浆管路,8、引管灌浆孔,9、混凝土高坝。Reference signs: 1. Foundation surface fissures, 2. Shallow surface rock blast fissures, 3. Shallow rock fissures, 4. Deep rock fissures, 5. Shallow dense grouting holes, 6. Deep pressurized grouting holes, 7. Lead pipe grouting pipeline, 8. Lead pipe grouting hole, 9. Concrete high dam.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

如图1-4所示,本发明的一种混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆方法和结构,包括以下步骤:As shown in Figures 1-4, the whole-dam concrete high dam without silo surface consolidation grouting method and structure of the present invention includes the following steps:

a、建基面清理:混凝土高坝建基面开挖完成后,对建基面进行清理,挖除局部松动岩块,并采用高压水对建基面裂隙进行冲洗;a. Cleaning of the foundation surface: After the excavation of the foundation surface of the concrete high dam is completed, the foundation surface should be cleaned, local loose rock blocks should be excavated, and high-pressure water should be used to flush the cracks in the foundation surface;

b、建基面裂隙封闭:对于两岸岸坡部位的建基面裂隙,采用批刮快硬水泥的方法进行封闭;对于河床部位的建基面裂隙,一般采用批刮快硬水泥的方法进行封闭,对于局部深槽部位,可结合填塘混凝土进行封闭,封闭深度不小于10cm,且不超出建基面高程,养护待凝至50%设计强度;b. Sealing of foundation surface cracks: For the foundation surface cracks on the bank slopes on both sides, the method of scraping fast-hardening cement is used to seal them; for the foundation surface cracks on the river bed, the foundation surface cracks are generally sealed by the method of scraping fast-hardening cement. , for local deep groove parts, it can be sealed with pond-filling concrete. The sealing depth shall not be less than 10cm and shall not exceed the elevation of the foundation surface. The curing shall be cured to 50% of the design strength;

c、灌前预先压水:灌浆前采用预先压水的方法排查未封闭裂隙,发现存在外漏情况的裂隙后,对外漏裂隙进行封闭处理;c. Pre-watering before grouting: Pre-watering is used to check for unsealed cracks before grouting. If cracks with external leakage are found, seal the leaking cracks;

d、坝基浅层岩体加密灌浆:对坝基浅层岩体进行加密固结灌浆处理,根据不同的岩体条件,浅层加密灌浆孔孔深一般3m,孔距可采用2.5m×1.25m~3m×1.5m,灌浆压力可采用0.6MPa~1.0MPa;d. Indensification grouting of the shallow rock mass of the dam foundation: Intensification and consolidation grouting is performed on the shallow rock mass of the dam foundation. According to different rock mass conditions, the depth of the shallow intensification grouting holes is generally 3m, and the hole spacing can be 2.5m×1.25m~ 3m×1.5m, the grouting pressure can be 0.6MPa~1.0MPa;

e、坝基深部岩体加压灌浆:将浅层加密灌浆孔的部分后序孔加深,作为深部加压灌浆孔;根据不同建基面岩体条件,深部加压灌浆孔孔距可采用2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m,灌浆压力可采用1.0MPa~2.5MPa;e. Pressurized grouting of deep rock mass in the dam foundation: Deepen some of the subsequent holes of the shallow dense grouting holes and use them as deep pressurized grouting holes; according to different rock mass conditions on the foundation surface, the hole spacing of deep pressurized grouting holes can be 2.5m. ×2.5m~3m×3m, the grouting pressure can be 1.0MPa~2.5MPa;

f、坝体混凝土浇筑前设置少量引管管路:针对两岸建基面坡度大于50°的坝段,利用埋设的接触灌浆管路,可结合作为引管管路;针对建基面坡度小于50°的坝段,埋设引管管路。接触灌浆或引管灌浆的孔距一般2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m,孔深0.3m~0.5m,引管管路均引至坝体下游;f. Set up a small amount of lead pipes before the concrete pouring of the dam body: For dam sections with a base surface slope of more than 50° on both sides, buried contact grouting pipes can be combined as lead pipes; for dam sections with a base surface slope of less than 50° °The dam section is buried with lead pipes. The hole spacing of contact grouting or guide pipe grouting is generally 2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m, the hole depth is 0.3m~0.5m, and the guide pipes are all led to the downstream of the dam body;

g、坝体混凝土浇筑后进行引管灌浆:待坝体混凝土浇筑到一定高度,基础混凝土温度达到设计规定稳定值后,进行引管灌浆或接触灌浆施工。g. Conduct lead pipe grouting after the dam body concrete is poured: After the dam body concrete is poured to a certain height and the temperature of the foundation concrete reaches the stable value specified by the design, lead pipe grouting or contact grouting construction is carried out.

本发明的一种混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆方法和结构,采用“表封闭、浅加密、深升压、少引管”的方法,在不占压混凝土仓面的情况下,通过采用“由表及里”的固结灌浆方法,使用相对较大的固结灌浆压力,扩大水泥浆液的扩散范围,保证坝基固结灌浆质量:The present invention is a concrete high dam full-dam consolidation grouting method and structure without silo surface, which adopts the method of "surface sealing, shallow density, deep pressure boosting, and few lead pipes" without occupying the concrete silo surface. By adopting the "from the outside to the inside" consolidation grouting method and using a relatively large consolidation grouting pressure, the diffusion range of the cement slurry is expanded to ensure the quality of the consolidation grouting of the dam foundation:

(1)表封闭(1) Table closed

“表封闭”即封闭建基面裂隙,防止灌浆过程出现外漏泄压等问题。大坝建基面开挖完成后,首先对建基面裂隙进行清理,然后根据不同部位采用针对性的封闭方法:对于两岸岸坡部位的建基面裂隙,采用批刮快硬水泥的方法进行封闭;对于河床部位的建基面裂隙,一般采用批刮快硬水泥的方法进行封闭,对于局部深槽部位,可结合填塘混凝土进行封闭。此外,灌浆前采用预先压水的方法排查未封闭裂隙,发现存在外漏情况的裂隙后,对外漏裂隙进行封闭处理。"Surface sealing" means to seal the cracks in the foundation surface to prevent problems such as external leakage and pressure leakage during the grouting process. After the excavation of the dam foundation surface is completed, the cracks in the foundation surface are first cleaned, and then targeted sealing methods are used according to different parts: for the foundation surface cracks on the bank slopes on both sides, the method of scraping quick-hardening cement is used Sealing; for foundation surface cracks in riverbed areas, the method of scraping quick-hardening cement is generally used for sealing. For local deep grooves, it can be combined with pond filling concrete for sealing. In addition, before grouting, the method of pre-pressuring water is used to check for unsealed cracks. Once cracks with external leakage are found, the leakage cracks are sealed.

通过“表封闭”的处理,可防止灌浆过程出现外漏泄压等问题,并最大程度保证了浆液的扩散范围。Through the "surface sealing" treatment, problems such as external leakage and pressure leakage during the grouting process can be prevented, and the diffusion range of the grout can be ensured to the greatest extent.

(2)浅加密(2) Shallow encryption

“浅加密”即加密浅层岩体(指建基面深度3m以内的岩体,下同)固结灌浆孔,使得相邻孔间裂隙能够被浆液完全填充,保证浅层岩体的灌浆效果。根据相关工程经验和理论计算,大坝建基面开挖完成后,其深度3m以内的岩体爆破卸荷裂隙较发育,是坝基固结灌浆处理的重点。根据不同的岩体条件,浅层固结灌浆孔孔距可采用2.5m×1.25m~3m×1.5m,灌浆压力可采用0.6MPa~1.0MPa。"Shallow densification" refers to densifying shallow rock mass (referring to rock mass within 3m of the base surface depth, the same below) to consolidate grouting holes, so that the cracks between adjacent holes can be completely filled with grout, ensuring the grouting effect of shallow rock mass . According to relevant engineering experience and theoretical calculations, after the excavation of the dam foundation surface is completed, the rock mass blasting and unloading cracks within the depth of 3m will be relatively developed, which is the focus of the dam foundation consolidation grouting treatment. According to different rock mass conditions, the spacing of shallow consolidation grouting holes can be 2.5m×1.25m~3m×1.5m, and the grouting pressure can be 0.6MPa~1.0MPa.

通过“表封闭”和“浅加密”的处理,浅层岩体已取得较好的灌浆效果,由于裂隙充填完好浅层岩体的盖重作用,深部岩体灌浆时可以采用较高的灌浆压力。Through the processing of "surface sealing" and "shallow densification", the shallow rock mass has achieved good grouting effect. Due to the capping effect of the shallow rock mass with well-filled cracks, higher grouting pressure can be used when grouting the deep rock mass. .

(3)深升压(3) Deep boost

“深升压”即利用浅层岩体的盖重作用,对深部岩体(指建基面深度3m以下的岩体,下同)采用相对较高的灌浆压力,最大程度扩大浆液的扩散范围。根据不同建基面岩体条件,深部岩体固结灌浆孔孔距可采用2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m,灌浆压力可采用1.0MPa~2.5MPa。"Deep boosting" uses the capping effect of shallow rock masses to apply relatively high grouting pressure to deep rock masses (referring to rock masses with a base depth of less than 3m, the same below) to maximize the diffusion range of the slurry. . According to different rock mass conditions on the foundation surface, the hole spacing of deep rock mass consolidation grouting holes can be 2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m, and the grouting pressure can be 1.0MPa~2.5MPa.

通过“表封闭”、“浅加密”和“深升压”的处理,坝基岩体灌浆质量基本满足要求,仅存在局部浅表层岩体爆破裂隙需要进一步处理。Through the processing of "surface sealing", "shallow densification" and "deep pressurization", the grouting quality of the dam foundation rock mass basically meets the requirements, and there are only local shallow surface rock mass explosion cracks that need further processing.

(4)少引管(4) Fewer tube introductions

“少引管”即针对建基面局部浅表层爆破裂隙,先预埋少量浅引管灌浆管路,待混凝土浇筑到一定高度后,在混凝土压重条件下进行灌浆,不仅避免灌浆过程中外漏,也可适当采用较大的灌浆压力加大浆液扩散范围。根据建基面坡度采用不同的引管方法:对于建基面坡度大于50°的坝段,为了防止混凝土收缩与建基面产生脱空,一般需进行接触灌浆处理,因此可结合接触灌浆管路对浅表层进行处理,不需布置专门的引管灌浆管路:针对建基面坡度小于50°的坝段,专门布置引管管路对浅表层进行处理。接触灌浆或引管灌浆的孔距一般2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m,孔深0.3m~0.5m,灌浆压力可采用1.0MPa~1.5MPa。"Less lead pipes" means to first bury a small amount of shallow lead pipe grouting pipes in view of local shallow surface blast cracks on the building base. After the concrete is poured to a certain height, grouting is carried out under the condition of concrete pressure. This not only avoids leakage during the grouting process , a larger grouting pressure can also be appropriately used to increase the slurry diffusion range. Different pipe introduction methods are used according to the slope of the foundation surface: for dam sections with a slope of the foundation surface greater than 50°, in order to prevent the shrinkage of the concrete and the voiding of the foundation surface, contact grouting is generally required, so contact grouting pipes can be combined To treat the shallow surface layer, there is no need to arrange special lead grouting pipelines: For dam sections where the slope of the foundation surface is less than 50°, special lead tube pipelines are specially arranged to treat the shallow surface layer. The hole spacing of contact grouting or lead pipe grouting is generally 2.5m×2.5m~3m×3m, the hole depth is 0.3m~0.5m, and the grouting pressure can be 1.0MPa~1.5MPa.

本次发明的一种混凝土高坝全坝无仓面固结灌浆方法和结构,在金沙江乌东德水电站大坝(混凝土拱坝)和二道坝(碾压混凝土重力坝)坝基固结灌浆施工中得到成功应用,使Ⅱ级岩体(岩体质量相对较好)和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级岩体(岩体质量相对较差)灌浆质量均满足要求,不仅保证了坝基固结灌浆质量,而且完全避免了与混凝土浇筑等一系列干扰问题,大幅降低了施工难度。This invention introduces a method and structure of consolidated grouting for the whole dam of a high concrete dam without a storage surface, which can be used to consolidate and grout the foundations of Wudongde Hydropower Station Dam (Concrete Arch Dam) and Erdao Dam (Roller Compacted Concrete Gravity Dam) on the Jinsha River. It has been successfully used in construction, so that the grouting quality of grade II rock mass (the quality of the rock mass is relatively good) and grade III and IV rock mass (the quality of the rock mass is relatively poor) meets the requirements. It not only ensures the quality of the consolidation grouting of the dam foundation, but also It completely avoids a series of interference problems such as concrete pouring and greatly reduces the difficulty of construction.

以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要结构特征。本发明不受上述实例的限制,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles and main structural features of the present invention have been shown and described above. The present invention is not limited to the above examples. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, there will be various changes and improvements in the present invention. These changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A concrete high dam all-dam non-bin surface consolidation grouting method comprises the following steps:
a. cleaning a building base surface: after the excavation of the concrete high dam foundation surface is completed, cleaning the foundation surface;
b. and (3) closing the cracks of the building base surface: sealing the base surface cracks of the bank slope parts of the two banks and the base surface cracks and the local deep groove parts of the riverbed part;
c. pre-pressing water before filling: checking the unsealed cracks before grouting, and sealing the leaking cracks after the cracks with the leaking situation are found;
d. dam foundation shallow rock mass encryption grouting: carrying out encryption consolidation grouting treatment on shallow rock mass of a dam foundation;
e. pressurizing and grouting deep rock mass of dam foundation: deepening part of subsequent holes of the shallow encrypted grouting holes to serve as deep pressurized grouting holes, and performing pressurized consolidation grouting treatment on deep rock mass;
f. a small number of guide pipe pipelines are arranged before concrete pouring of the dam body: aiming at dam sections with slope larger than 50 degrees on two bank building base surfaces, using buried contact grouting pipelines as guide pipe pipelines; burying a guide pipe pipeline aiming at a dam section with a slope of a building base surface smaller than 50 degrees;
g. and (3) performing induced pipe grouting after concrete pouring of the dam body: and after the dam body concrete is poured to a certain height and the temperature of the foundation concrete reaches a design regulated stable value, performing induced duct grouting or contact grouting construction.
2. The concrete high dam all-dam no-bin-surface consolidation grouting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, cleaning the foundation surface, excavating partial loose rock masses, and flushing cracks of the foundation surface by adopting high-pressure water.
3. The concrete high dam all-dam no-bin-surface consolidation grouting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the base surface cracks of the bank slope parts of the two banks are sealed by adopting a method of scraping quick hardening cement in batches; sealing the base surface cracks of the river bed part by adopting a method of scraping quick hardening cement; and (5) closing the local deep groove part by combining pond filling concrete.
4. The concrete high dam all-dam no-bin-surface consolidation grouting method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step b, the sealing depth is not less than 10cm and does not exceed the elevation of the building base surface, and curing is carried out until the curing reaches 50% of the design strength.
5. The concrete high dam all-dam no-bin-surface consolidation grouting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step c, the method of pre-pressing water is adopted to check the unblocked cracks.
6. The concrete high dam all-dam no-bin-surface consolidation grouting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step d, the depth of the shallow layer encrypted grouting holes is 3m, the hole distance is 2.5mx1.25m-3mx1.5 m, and the grouting pressure is 0.6-1.0 MPa.
7. The concrete high dam all-dam no-bin-surface consolidation grouting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step e, the hole pitch of the deep pressurized grouting holes is 2.5mX2.5m-3mX3 m, and the grouting pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa.
8. The concrete high dam all-dam no-bin-surface consolidation grouting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step f, the hole distance of contact grouting or guide pipe grouting is 2.5mX2.5mX3 m, the hole depth is 0.3 m-0.5 m, and the guide pipe pipelines are led to the downstream of the dam body.
9. The utility model provides a concrete high dam all dam does not have storehouse face concretion grouting structure which characterized in that: the quick-scraping cement composite pipe comprises a quick-scraping cement composite layer, a shallow encryption grouting hole, a deep pressurization grouting hole and a guide pipe grouting pipeline, wherein the quick-scraping cement composite layer is arranged at a surface layer crack of a foundation surface; the guide pipe grouting pipeline is pre-buried in the dam body concrete, a grouting inlet of the guide pipe grouting pipeline penetrates out of the dam body concrete, a grouting outlet of the guide pipe grouting pipeline extends into the position 0.3 m-0.5 m below a building base surface, and the hole pitch of the guide pipe grouting pipeline in the building base surface is 2.5mX2.5mX3 m; the shallow layer encrypted grouting holes extend to 3m below a building base surface, the hole distance is 2.5mx1.25mx1.5m, the grouting pressure is 0.6 MPa-1.0 MPa; the deep pressurizing grouting holes extend to 10m below the building base surface, the hole distance is 2.5mX2.5mX3.3mX3 m, and the grouting pressure is 1.0 MPa-2.5 MPa.
10. The concrete high dam all-dam non-deck consolidation grouting structure according to claim 9, wherein: the deep pressurizing grouting holes are processed on the basis of shallow encrypting grouting holes.
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CN106917409A (en) * 2017-03-27 2017-07-04 中国水利水电第四工程局有限公司 A kind of rock lid weight consolidation grouting construction method
CN210238512U (en) * 2019-03-12 2020-04-03 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 Consolidation grouting structure of a high concrete dam full dam without silo surface

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