CN109778179B - Method, system and equipment for repairing part surface by using multi-beam laser - Google Patents
Method, system and equipment for repairing part surface by using multi-beam laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN109778179B CN109778179B CN201910054067.6A CN201910054067A CN109778179B CN 109778179 B CN109778179 B CN 109778179B CN 201910054067 A CN201910054067 A CN 201910054067A CN 109778179 B CN109778179 B CN 109778179B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a system and equipment for repairing the surface of a part by utilizing multi-beam laser, wherein the method comprises the following steps of generating continuous laser beams, carrying out beam splitting treatment on the continuous laser beams and generating first multi-beams; separating the first multi-beam to separate the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, adjusting the diameter and energy of the zero-order beam, and introducing the adjusted zero-order beam into the high-order beam to generate a second multi-beam; and focusing the second multi-beam to the surface of the part to be repaired, and repairing the surface of the part to be repaired by using the second multi-beam. The method separates the zero-order light beam from the high-order light beam, independently adjusts the zero-order light beam and the high-order light beam, and enables the adjusted zero-order light beam and the adjusted high-order light beam to converge into the same optical path, so that the purpose of simultaneously using the zero-order light beam and the high-order light beam to process is achieved, and the energy utilization rate in the processing process is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a method, a system and equipment for repairing the surface of a part by using multi-beam laser.
Background
Compared with the traditional mechanical design, the laser cladding technology does not need to reconsider the structural design of parts, and optimizes the surface performance of the parts under the condition of not changing the original base material, namely, the alloy powder or the ceramic powder and the surface of the matrix are rapidly heated and melted under the action of laser beams, and the laser beams are self-excited and cooled after being removed to form a surface coating which has extremely low dilution rate and is metallurgically combined with the matrix material, thereby obviously improving the wear-resisting, corrosion-resisting, heat-resisting, oxidation-resisting and electrical properties of the surface of the matrix, and the like, the surface strengthening method has the advantages that the parts which lose value or are scrapped are used as blanks, the purposes of prolonging the service life of the workpiece and reducing the manufacturing cost are achieved by carrying out batch repair and performance upgrade on the parts at low price, and the quality and the technical performance of the products obtained after cladding always exceed various performances of, the method has important significance for prolonging the service life of parts, shortening the production period and improving the production efficiency.
In the traditional laser cladding process, because beam quality and energy distribution's reason, appear the top easily and excessively fuse at the in-process of repairing the part surface, the bottom position isotherm is intensive, and it is thick to lead to inside grain structure after the solidification shaping, produces defects such as crackle, cavity, residue, and inside residual stress is big, leads to cladding layer and base member to combine insecure easily, leads to the fracture and the drop of cladding layer easily under the effect that receives the external force. The method for repairing the surface of the part by adopting the multi-beam laser can effectively solve the problems generated in the traditional laser cladding process.
Among the multi-beam technologies, the method of diffracting multiple beams using Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) phase processing is the most flexible. The spatial light modulator is used for generating multiple beams, the positions of the multiple beams can be changed simply by changing the loaded hologram, the focus light spots on a spectrum plane can be adjusted arbitrarily, and real-time dynamic change can be realized. However, in the conventional spatial light modulator optical path design, laser light passes through the spatial light modulator to generate multi-order diffracted light, and according to different processing requirements, a spatial filter is required to shield zero-order light or high-order light, so that the zero-order light and the high-order light cannot be used simultaneously, and the overall energy utilization rate in the processing process is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method, a system and equipment for repairing the surface of a part by using multi-beam laser, which can simultaneously use a zero-order beam and a high-order beam in the multi-beam to process the part, thereby greatly improving the energy utilization rate in the processing process.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for repairing a surface of a part using a multi-beam laser includes the steps of,
generating a continuous laser beam, and performing beam splitting processing on the continuous laser beam to generate a first multi-beam, wherein the first multi-beam comprises a zero-order beam and a high-order beam;
separating the first multi-beam to separate the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, adjusting the diameter and energy of the zero-order beam, and introducing the adjusted zero-order beam into the high-order beam to generate a second multi-beam;
and focusing the second multi-beam to the surface of the part to be repaired, and repairing the surface of the part to be repaired by using the second multi-beam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for repairing the surface of the part by utilizing the multi-beam laser separates the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, independently adjusts the zero-order beam and the high-order beam, and enables the adjusted zero-order beam and the adjusted high-order beam to converge into the same optical path, so that the purpose of simultaneously using the zero-order beam and the high-order beam for processing is achieved, and the energy utilization rate in the processing process is greatly improved.
Based on the method for repairing the surface of the part by using the multi-beam laser, the invention also provides an all-beam adjusting system.
An all-optical beam adjusting system, configured to generate the second multi-optical beam, where the all-optical beam adjusting system includes an optical path discrete module, a zero-order beam derivation adjusting module, a high-order beam derivation adjusting module, and an optical path combining module;
the optical path discretization module is used for enabling a zero-order light beam and a high-order light beam in the first multi-light beam to be discretized in front of and behind a frequency spectrum plane;
the zero-order beam derivation adjusting module is used for deriving the zero-order beam scattered in front of a spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane from the first multi-beam and adjusting the optical path parallelism, the diameter and the energy of the zero-order beam scattered in front of the spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane;
the high-order beam derivation regulating module is used for deriving the high-order beam which is scattered in front of a spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane from the first multi-beam and regulating the optical path parallelism of the high-order beam which is scattered in front of the spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane;
the optical path combining module is configured to combine the adjusted high-order light beam and the adjusted zero-order light beam to generate the second multi-light beam;
the high-order light beam derivation adjusting module is further configured to adjust an optical path direction of the high-order light beam, or/and the zero-order light beam derivation adjusting module is further configured to adjust an optical path direction of the zero-order light beam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to an all-optical beam adjusting system which separates a zero-order beam from a high-order beam in a multi-beam, independently adjusts the zero-order beam and the high-order beam, and enables the adjusted zero-order beam and the high-order beam to converge into the same optical path to form a new multi-beam; in the new multi-beam, the zero-order beam and the high-order beam can be used for processing at the same time, so that the energy utilization rate in the processing process is greatly improved.
Based on the all-optical beam adjusting system, the invention also provides equipment for repairing the surface of the part by using the multi-beam laser.
An apparatus for repairing a surface of a part by using multi-beam laser comprises the above all-beam adjusting system, a first multi-beam generating system and a focusing system;
the first multi-beam generation system is used for generating continuous laser beams, splitting the continuous laser beams and generating a first multi-beam, wherein the first multi-beam comprises a zero-order beam and a high-order beam;
the all-beam adjusting system is used for separating the first multi-beam, separating the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, adjusting the diameter and the energy of the zero-order beam, and guiding the adjusted zero-order beam into the high-order beam to generate a second multi-beam;
the focusing system is used for focusing the second multiple beams to the surface of the part to be repaired, and the surface of the part to be repaired is repaired by the second multiple beams.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the equipment for repairing the surface of the part by utilizing the multi-beam laser separates the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, independently adjusts the zero-order beam and the high-order beam, and enables the adjusted zero-order beam and the high-order beam to converge into the same optical path, so that the purpose of simultaneously using the zero-order beam and the high-order beam for processing is achieved, and the energy utilization rate in the processing process is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for repairing a surface of a part using a multi-beam laser;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the construction of the full beam conditioning system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the all-optical beam adjusting system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the full beam conditioning system;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the construction of an apparatus for repairing a surface of a part using multi-beam laser;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the first multi-beam generating system;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the first multiple beam generating system;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the focusing system;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the focusing system;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a light spot state monitoring system;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an overall structure of an apparatus for repairing a surface of a part using multi-beam laser;
fig. 12-1, 12-2 and 12-3 are three exemplary views of processing using the method and apparatus of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. a continuous laser, 2 a first beam expander, 3, a half wave plate, 4, a light barrier, 5, a polarization splitting prism, 6, a first Fourier lens, 7, a tenth reflector, 8, a second reflector, 9, a first reflector, 10, a second Fourier lens, 11, an eighth reflector, 12, a third reflector, 13, a fifth reflector, 14, a fourth reflector, 15, a sixth reflector, 16, a second beam expander, 17, a polarizer, 18, a third Fourier lens, 19, a seventh reflector, 20, a half mirror, 21, a CCD camera, 22, a monitor, 23, a second focusing lens, 24, an eleventh reflector, 25, a flip reflector, 26, a three-dimensional moving platform, 27, a repair part, 28, a ninth reflector, 29, a control terminal, 30, a spatial light modulator, 31, a first focusing lens, 32, a field mirror, 33. a galvanometer.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for repairing a surface of a part by using multi-beam laser includes the steps of generating a continuous laser beam, splitting the continuous laser beam to generate a first multi-beam, wherein the first multi-beam includes a zero-order beam and a high-order beam;
separating the first multi-beam to separate the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, adjusting the diameter and energy of the zero-order beam, and introducing the adjusted zero-order beam into the high-order beam to generate a second multi-beam;
and focusing the second multi-beam to the surface of the part to be repaired, and repairing the surface of the part to be repaired by using the second multi-beam.
The first embodiment is as follows:
when the surface of the part to be repaired is not repaired by the second multi-beam, the method also comprises the step of monitoring the spot state of the second multi-beam. This step is intended to monitor the spot profile and energy distribution of the current second multi-beam, and readjust the spot size and energy of the zero-order beam to satisfy different processing conditions when the monitored diameter (also referred to as spot profile or spot size) and energy distribution of the current second multi-beam do not match the processing conditions.
Example two:
the specific steps of generating the first multi-beam are,
generating the continuous laser beam, and adjusting the diameter and the divergence angle of a light spot of the continuous laser beam and then adjusting the polarization state of the continuous laser beam to obtain the adjusted continuous laser beam;
performing beam splitting processing on the adjusted continuous laser beam to generate the first multi-beam;
and in the process of adjusting the polarization state of the continuous laser beam, obtaining the vertical polarized light with the highest energy, and taking the vertical polarized light with the highest energy as the adjusted continuous laser beam.
Example three:
the beam splitting process of the adjusted continuous laser beam specifically includes the steps of,
generating a plurality of phase grating holograms according to the multi-beam distribution required by the frequency spectrum surface;
superposing a plurality of phase grating holograms through a preset algorithm and loading the superposed phase grating holograms onto a liquid crystal screen of a spatial light modulator;
and diffracting the adjusted continuous laser beam through the liquid crystal screen to generate the first multi-beam.
Example four:
the specific step of generating the second multi-beam is,
fourier transforming the first multi-beam so that the zero-order beam and the high-order beam in the parallel first multi-beam are scattered in front of and behind a frequency spectrum plane;
separating the zero order beam discretized in front of or behind the spectral plane and the higher order beam discretized in front of or behind the spectral plane;
performing inverse fourier transform on the zero order light beam dispersed in front of a spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane so that the zero order light beam dispersed in front of the spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane becomes the parallel zero order light beam;
performing inverse fourier transform on the higher-order light beam scattered in front of a spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane so that the higher-order light beam scattered in front of the spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane becomes the parallel higher-order light beam;
adjusting the diameter and energy of the parallel zero-order beam;
and guiding the adjusted parallel zero-order light beams into the parallel high-order light beams to generate the second multi-light beam.
Based on the method for repairing the surface of the part by using the multi-beam laser, the invention also provides an all-beam adjusting system.
As shown in fig. 2, an all-optical beam adjusting system is configured to generate the second multi-optical beam, and includes an optical path discrete module, a zero-order beam derivation adjusting module, a high-order beam derivation adjusting module, and an optical path combining module;
the optical path discretization module is used for enabling a zero-order light beam and a high-order light beam in the first multi-light beam to be discretized in front of and behind a frequency spectrum plane;
the zero-order beam derivation adjusting module is used for deriving the zero-order beam scattered in front of a spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane from the first multi-beam and adjusting the optical path parallelism, the diameter and the energy of the zero-order beam scattered in front of the spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane;
the high-order beam derivation regulating module is used for deriving the high-order beam which is scattered in front of a spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane from the first multi-beam and regulating the optical path parallelism of the high-order beam which is scattered in front of the spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane;
the optical path combining module is configured to combine the adjusted high-order light beam and the adjusted zero-order light beam to generate the second multi-light beam;
the high-order light beam derivation adjusting module is further configured to adjust an optical path direction of the high-order light beam, or/and the zero-order light beam derivation adjusting module is further configured to adjust an optical path direction of the zero-order light beam.
The purpose of adjusting the direction of the light path is: so that the adjusted zero order beam and the adjusted high order beam can be located in the same optical path.
Example five:
one specific structure of the full beam adjustment system is shown in fig. 3, and the optical path discrete module comprises a first fourier lens 6; the zero-order light beam derivation adjusting module comprises a first reflector 9, a second reflector 8, a second Fourier lens 10, a third reflector 12, a second beam expander 16 and a polarizer 17; the higher order beam derivation adjustment module comprises a third fourier lens 18; the optical path combining module comprises a half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror 20;
in the optical path discrete module, the first fourier lens 6 is configured to perform fourier transform on the first multi-beam, so that a zero-order beam and a high-order beam in the parallel first multi-beam are spectrally discrete in front of and behind;
in the zero-order light beam derivation adjusting module, the first reflector 9, the second reflector 8, the second fourier lens 10, the third reflector 12, the second beam expander 16 and the polarizer 17 are disposed on the light path of the zero-order light beam;
in the higher-order beam derivation adjustment block, the third fourier lens 18 is disposed on the optical path of the higher-order beam;
in the optical path combining module, the half mirror 20 is disposed at an intersection of an optical path of the zero-order beam emitted from the zero-order beam derivation adjusting module and an optical path of the high-order beam emitted from the high-order beam derivation adjusting module.
In this particular embodiment:
in the zeroth order beam derivation adjustment block, the first mirror 9 is disposed behind the spectral plane of the first fourier lens 6, and the first mirror 9 is configured to change the optical path of the zeroth order beam emitted from the first fourier lens 6, that is: separating the zero-order light beam dispersed after the spectral plane from the first multi-beam. The second fourier lens 10 is used to change the discrete zero order beam behind the spectral plane into a parallel zero order beam. The second beam expander 16 is used to adjust the diameter of the zero order beam. The polarizer 17 is used to adjust the energy of the zero order beam. The second reflector 8 and the third reflector 12 are used to change the optical path direction of the zero-order light beam, so that the adjusted zero-order light beam and the adjusted high-order light beam can be located in the same optical path, wherein the positions of the second reflector 8 and the third reflector 12 can be set at different positions in the zero-order light beam derivation and adjustment module according to requirements, as long as it is ensured that the adjusted zero-order light beam and the adjusted high-order light beam can be located in the same optical path.
In the higher-order beam derivation adjustment module, the third fourier lens 18 is disposed behind the spectral plane, and the third fourier lens 18 is configured to change the higher-order beam that is scattered behind the spectral plane into a parallel higher-order beam.
In the optical path combining module, the half mirror 20 is configured to change an optical path of the zeroth-order light beam emitted from the zeroth-order light beam derivation adjusting module, transmit the high-order light beam emitted from the high-order light beam derivation adjusting module, and mix the transmitted zeroth-order light beam with the reflected high-order light beam to generate the second multi-beam.
In another embodiment, the half mirror 20 is configured to change an optical path of the high-order light beam emitted from the high-order light beam derivation adjusting module, transmit the zero-order light beam emitted from the zero-order light beam derivation adjusting module, and mix the transmitted zero-order light beam with the reflected high-order light beam to generate the second multi-beam.
In a further embodiment, the first mirror 9 may also be arranged in front of the spectral plane of the first fourier lens 6, and the first mirror 9 is configured to change the optical path of the zeroth order beam emitted from the first fourier lens 6, i.e.: separating the zero-order light beam dispersed in the spectral plane from the first multi-beam. The second fourier lens 10 serves here to convert the discrete zero-order beam in the spectral plane into a parallel zero-order beam.
In a further embodiment, in the higher order beam derivation adjustment module, the third fourier lens 18 may also be disposed in front of a spectrum plane, where the third fourier lens 18 is used to change the higher order beam that is discrete in front of the spectrum plane into a parallel higher order beam.
Example six:
another specific structure of the full beam adjustment system is shown in fig. 4, and the optical path discrete module includes a first fourier lens 6; the zero-order light beam derivation adjusting module comprises a first reflector 9, a second reflector 8, a second Fourier lens 10, a third reflector 12, a fourth reflector 14, a sixth reflector 15, a second beam expander 16, a polarizer 17 and a seventh reflector 19; the high-order beam derivation adjusting module comprises a fifth reflector 13 and a third Fourier lens 18; the optical path combining module comprises a half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror 20;
the first Fourier lens 6 is used for Fourier transform of the first multi-beam, so that a zero-order beam and a high-order beam in the parallel first multi-beam are scattered in front of and behind a frequency spectrum plane;
the first reflector 9 is arranged behind the frequency spectrum plane of the first Fourier lens 6, and the first reflector 9 is used for changing the optical path of the zeroth-order light beam which is emitted from the first Fourier lens 6 and is scattered behind the frequency spectrum plane;
the second mirror 8 is disposed opposite to the first mirror 9, and the second mirror 8 is used for changing the optical path of the zeroth-order light beam reflected from the first mirror 9;
the second fourier lens 10 is arranged behind the second mirror 8, and the second fourier lens 10 is used for changing the discrete zero-order light beam reflected from the second mirror 8 into the parallel zero-order light beam;
the third reflector 12 is placed behind the second fourier lens 10, and the third reflector 12 is used for changing the optical path of the zeroth-order light beam emitted from the second fourier lens 10;
the fourth mirror 14 is disposed opposite to the third mirror 12, and the fourth mirror 14 is used for changing the optical path of the zeroth order light beam reflected from the third mirror 12;
the sixth mirror 15 is placed behind the fourth mirror 14, and the sixth mirror 15 is used for changing the optical path of the zeroth-order light beam reflected from the fourth mirror 14;
the second beam expander 16 is placed behind the sixth reflector 15, and the second beam expander 16 is used for adjusting the diameter of the zero-order light beam reflected from the sixth reflector 15;
the polarizer 17 is placed behind the second beam expander 16, and the polarizer 17 is used for adjusting the energy of the zero-order light beam emitted from the second beam expander 16;
the seventh reflector 19 is placed behind the polarizer 17, and the seventh reflector 19 is used for changing the optical path of the zeroth-order light beam emitted from the polarizer 17;
the fifth reflector 13 is placed behind the spectral plane of the first fourier lens 6, and the fifth reflector 13 is used for changing the optical path of the higher-order light beam emitted from the first fourier lens 6 and scattered behind the spectral plane;
the third fourier lens 18 is placed behind the fifth mirror 13, and the third fourier lens 18 is used for changing the discrete high-order light beams reflected from the fifth mirror 13 into parallel high-order light beams;
the half mirror 20 is disposed at an intersection of an optical path of the zero-order light flux reflected by the seventh reflecting mirror 19 and an optical path of the high-order light flux emitted from the third fourier lens 18, and the half mirror 20 is configured to change the optical path of the high-order light flux emitted from the third fourier lens 18, transmit the zero-order light flux reflected by the seventh reflecting mirror 19, and mix the transmitted zero-order light flux with the reflected high-order light flux to generate the second multi-beam.
In another embodiment, the half mirror 20 is configured to transmit the high-order light beam emitted from the third fourier lens 18, change an optical path of the zero-order light beam reflected from the seventh mirror 19, and mix the reflected zero-order light beam with the transmitted high-order light beam to generate the second multi-beam.
In a further embodiment, the first mirror 9 may also be arranged in front of the spectral plane of the first fourier lens 6, and the first mirror 9 is configured to change the optical path of the zeroth order beam emitted from the first fourier lens 6, i.e.: separating the zero-order light beam dispersed in the spectral plane from the first multi-beam. The second fourier lens 10 serves here to convert the discrete zero-order beam in the spectral plane into a parallel zero-order beam.
In a further embodiment, in the higher-order beam derivation adjustment module, the fifth mirror 13 may be further placed in front of the spectral plane of the first fourier lens 6, and the fifth mirror 13 is here used to change the optical path of the higher-order beam emitted from the first fourier lens 6 and dispersed in front of the spectral plane, and the third fourier lens 18 is here used to change the higher-order beam dispersed in front of the spectral plane into a parallel higher-order beam.
Compared with the specific structure in the fifth embodiment and the specific structure in the sixth embodiment, the invention has the advantages that all the reflectors are used for changing the light path; according to practical requirements, different numbers of reflectors can be selected, and the reflectors can be arranged at different positions, as long as the adjusted zero-order light beam and the adjusted high-order light beam can be located in the same light path.
In the specific structure shown in fig. 4: BC ═ CD1＝CD2＝D1E, where point B is the center of the first Fourier lens 6, point C is the center of the spectral plane of the first Fourier lens 6, and D1Point is the center of the third Fourier lens 18, D2The point is the center of the second fourier lens 10, and the point E is the focus point of the high-order beam and the zero-order beam after passing through the half mirror 20.
Based on the all-optical beam adjusting system, the invention also provides equipment for repairing the surface of the part by using the multi-beam laser.
As shown in fig. 5, an apparatus for repairing a surface of a part by using multi-beam laser comprises the above-mentioned all-beam adjusting system, and further comprises a first multi-beam generating system and a focusing system;
the first multi-beam generation system is used for generating continuous laser beams, splitting the continuous laser beams and generating a first multi-beam, wherein the first multi-beam comprises a zero-order beam and a high-order beam;
the all-beam adjusting system is used for separating the first multi-beam, separating the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, adjusting the diameter and the energy of the zero-order beam, and guiding the adjusted zero-order beam into the high-order beam to generate a second multi-beam;
the focusing system is used for focusing the second multiple beams to the surface of the part to be repaired, and the surface of the part to be repaired is repaired by the second multiple beams.
Example seven:
a specific structure of the first multi-beam generation system is shown in fig. 6, and the first multi-beam generation system includes a continuous laser 1, a first beam expander 2, a half-wave plate 3, a polarization beam splitter prism 5, and a spatial light modulator 30;
the continuous laser 1 is used for generating a continuous laser beam; the first beam expander 2, the half-wave plate 3, the polarization beam splitter prism 5 and the spatial light modulator 30 are arranged on the light path of the continuous laser beam.
The polarizing beam splitter prism 5 may be further provided with a light barrier 4.
In this particular embodiment: the first beam expander 2 is used for changing the spot diameter of the continuous laser beam and improving the divergence angle of the continuous laser beam. The half wave plate 3 and the polarization beam splitter prism 5 are used for adjusting the polarization state of the continuous laser beam, wherein in the process of adjusting the polarization state of the continuous laser beam, the vertical polarized light with the highest energy is obtained by rotating the angle of the half wave plate 3, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.
Generating a plurality of phase grating holograms according to the multi-beam distribution required by the frequency spectrum surface; superposing a plurality of phase grating holograms through a preset algorithm and loading the superposed phase grating holograms onto a liquid crystal screen of a spatial light modulator 30; and diffracting the adjusted continuous laser beam through the liquid crystal screen to generate the first multi-beam.
Example eight:
another specific structure of the first multi-beam generation system is shown in fig. 7, and the first multi-beam generation system includes a continuous laser 1, a first beam expander 2, a half-wave plate 3, a polarization beam splitter prism 5, an eighth mirror 11, and a spatial light modulator 30. The polarizing beam splitter prism 5 may be further provided with a light barrier 4.
On the basis of the seventh embodiment, the specific structure of the eighth embodiment is additionally provided with an eighth reflecting mirror 11, and the eighth reflecting mirror 11 is used for changing the optical path direction of the continuous laser beam.
In the specific structure shown in fig. 7, point a is the center of the spatial light modulator 30, and on the basis of the sixth embodiment: AB-BC-CD1＝CD2＝D1E。
In the seventh embodiment and the eighth embodiment, the wavelength of the continuous laser beam emitted by the continuous laser 1 is 1064nm, and all the optical devices in the present invention are devices corresponding to the wavelength of the laser beam; the spatial light modulator 30 is a reflective liquid crystal pure phase modulation spatial light modulator.
Example nine:
one specific structure of the focusing system is shown in fig. 8, the focusing system is specifically a first focusing lens 31 and a ninth reflecting mirror 28, the first focusing lens 31 and the ninth reflecting mirror 28 are disposed on the optical path of the second multi-beam, and the ninth reflecting mirror 28 is disposed behind the first focusing lens 31.
Example ten:
another specific structure of the focusing system is shown in fig. 9, the focusing system includes a galvanometer 33 and a field lens 32, the galvanometer 33 and the field lens 32 are disposed on the optical path of the second multi-beam, and the field lens 32 is disposed behind the galvanometer 33.
In the ninth and tenth embodiments, a tenth mirror 7 is further provided between the output of the all-beam adjusting system and the input of the focusing system in order to change the focusing direction of the second multi-beam.
Example eleven:
the equipment for repairing the surface of the part by utilizing the multi-beam laser further comprises an overturning reflecting mirror 25 and a light spot state monitoring system, wherein the light spot state monitoring system is used for monitoring the light spot state of the second multi-beam;
the turning mirror 25 (specifically, an electric turning mirror) is disposed on the light path of the second multi-beam, the turning mirror 25 is configured to guide the second multi-beam to the light spot state monitoring system, and the turning mirror 25 is further configured to guide the multi-beam to the focusing system by turning.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the flare state monitoring system includes a second focusing lens 23, a CCD camera 21, and a monitor 22, the second focusing lens 23 and the CCD camera 21 are disposed on the optical path of the second multibeam, the CCD camera 21 is disposed behind the second focusing lens 23, and the monitor 22 and the CCD camera 21 are electrically connected.
Example twelve:
fig. 11 is a schematic view of an overall structure of the apparatus for repairing a surface of a part by using multiple beams of laser light according to the present invention, and the apparatus for repairing a surface of a part by using multiple beams of laser light according to the present invention further includes a three-dimensional moving platform 26 for carrying and driving a part to be repaired 27 to move, and further includes a control terminal 29 for controlling the three-dimensional moving platform 26, the spatial light modulator 30, and the continuous laser 1. The spot status monitoring system may further include an eleventh mirror 24, and the eleventh mirror 24 is configured to change the optical path direction of the second multi-beam.
In the specific structure shown in fig. 11, the focal length of the second focusing lens 23 is consistent with that of the first focusing lens 31, point F is the center of the second focusing lens 23, point G is the center of the first focusing lens 31, and on the basis of the sixth embodiment, the distance from point F to point E and the distance from point G to point E are both a focal length, that is: EG-EF to ensure that the spot profile in the monitor 22 is the same as the actual process.
In the present invention: the first reflector 9, the second reflector 8, the third reflector 12, the fourth reflector 14, the tenth reflector 7 and the ninth reflector 28 are all 45-degree reflectors; the fifth mirror 13, the sixth mirror 15, the seventh mirror 19, the eighth mirror 11, and the eleventh mirror 24 are all plane mirrors. The continuum laser 1 is specifically a 500W diode continuum fiber laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The focal lengths of the first Fourier lens 6 and the third Fourier lens 18 are selected to be within a range of 250 mm-1000 mm, and when a larger amplitude is required for processing, a longer focal length Fourier lens is selected.
By the above method and apparatus, the following three processing examples are briefly described:
as shown in fig. 12-1: dividing a single laser beam into three lasers with the same spot size, wherein zero-order light accounts for 50% of the total energy, positive 1-order light accounts for 20% of the total energy, negative 1-order light accounts for 30% of the total energy, and the energy distribution is from left to right: the mode is suitable for repairing the surface of the part with uneven cross section thickness, the part with thinner surface is processed by a light beam with lower energy, collapse and excessive ablation caused by excessive energy are prevented, the thermal influence on the part with lower cross section thickness is smaller in the process, the residual stress of the part with thicker cross section is lower after repair, and the bonding of the cladding layer and the base material is firmer.
As shown in fig. 12-2: in order to adapt to the condition that the base material with a thicker section of the part needs to be preheated, the energy state and the distribution condition of the three beams in fig. 12-1 are changed, the beams are distributed in a right-angle distribution state, wherein zero-order light accounts for 50% of the total energy and positive 1-order light accounts for 40% of the total energy, negative 1-order light accounts for 10% of the total energy, and the energy distribution is anticlockwise from the top: 40% → 50% → 10%, to the part that the part surface is thicker, carry out the preliminary treatment by a beam that energy is lower earlier, process with two bundles of beams that energy is higher immediately, increased the preheating process of base member and slowed down the cooling rate after cladding on the prerequisite of original single beam light in other words, can effectively reduce the temperature gradient of the terminal connection or the corner in the part thick region, effectively reduce the inside residual stress of part after the restoration.
As shown in fig. 12-3: in order to adapt to the repair of irregular cracks and defects on the surface of the part and reduce the residual stress inside the part after repair to improve the structure and improve the mechanical property of the part, the multi-axis moving processing platform in fig. 12-1 and fig. 12-2 is replaced by a mode of a galvanometer scanner, and multiple light beams are arranged in a straight line for processing, wherein zero-order light accounts for 50% of the total energy and positive 1-order light accounts for 25% of the total energy, negative 1-order light accounts for 25% of the total energy, and the energy distribution is from top to bottom: 25% → 50% → 25%, the first beam carries out preheating treatment to ensure that the temperature of the base material rises to about 200 ℃ to prevent the cold cracks from being generated at the joint of the base material and the cladding layer, the second beam carries out cladding repair to form a molten pool on the surface of the base material, alloy powder and the base material are melted to form a cladding layer tissue with good metallurgical bonding, and the third beam carries out annealing treatment to ensure that the temperature of the base material is about 600 ℃ to eliminate residual stress inside the cladding layer.
Compared with the prior art, the method, the system and the equipment for repairing the surface of the part by using the multi-beam laser have the following advantages that:
(1) the process performance is better. The multi-beam laser cladding repair process can repair the defects of irregular cracks, depressions, abrasion and the like on the surfaces of parts to be machined with different sizes by using a laser cladding method, compared with the traditional single-beam machining method, the multi-beam laser cladding repair process can reduce collapse caused by excessive melting easily occurring at the thinner edge of the part in the machining process, the thicker bottom of the part is easily subjected to uneven heating to cause the concentration of isotherms, the internal grain structure is thick after solidification and formation, the defects of cracks, cavities, residues and the like are generated, and the bonding of a cladding layer and a matrix is easily poor due to overlarge internal residual stress, so that the phenomena of fracture and falling of the cladding layer are easily caused under the action of external force.
(2) The flexibility is higher. The spatial light modulator is used for generating multiple beams, the positions of the multiple beams can be changed simply by changing the loaded hologram, the focus light spots on a spectrum plane can be adjusted arbitrarily, and real-time dynamic change can be realized. Meanwhile, the advantage that any two-dimensional pattern can be processed by the vibrating mirror is utilized, and the beam shaping function of the spatial light modulator is combined, so that any position on the surface of the part can be repaired by the beam with uniform energy density. The technical scheme can be suitable for repairing irregular cracks and defects, and the process application value of laser repairing the surfaces of parts is greatly improved.
(3) The energy utilization rate is greatly improved. In the existing multi-beam processing method using the spatial light modulator, because the zero-order light in the multi-beam generated by diffraction is not affected by the spatial light modulator, a spatial filter is usually adopted to remove the zero-order light. However, the zero-order light itself occupies a large part of the energy of the original laser beam, resulting in a low overall energy utilization rate in the processing process. The all-optical beam adjusting system adopted by the invention can separate the zero-order light and the high-order light, independently adjust the zero-order light and the high-order light, and then converge the zero-order light and the high-order light into the same optical path to achieve the purpose of simultaneously using the zero-order light and the high-order light to process, thereby greatly improving the energy utilization rate in the processing process.
Compared with the existing optical path for generating multiple beams by using the spatial light modulator, the invention does not need to use a spatial filter to shield zero-order light or high-order light and can adjust the zero-order light, thereby having the advantages of higher flexibility and greatly improved energy utilization rate and better meeting the requirements of actual production and processing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A method of repairing a surface of a part using a multi-beam laser, comprising: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
generating a continuous laser beam, and performing beam splitting processing on the continuous laser beam to generate a first multi-beam, wherein the first multi-beam comprises a zero-order beam and a high-order beam;
separating the first multi-beam to separate the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, adjusting the diameter and energy of the zero-order beam, and introducing the adjusted zero-order beam into the high-order beam to generate a second multi-beam;
focusing the second multiple beams on the surface of the part to be repaired, and repairing the surface of the part to be repaired by using the second multiple beams;
the specific steps of generating the first multi-beam are,
generating the continuous laser beam, and adjusting the diameter and the divergence angle of a light spot of the continuous laser beam and then adjusting the polarization state of the continuous laser beam to obtain the adjusted continuous laser beam;
performing beam splitting processing on the adjusted continuous laser beam to generate the first multi-beam;
in the process of adjusting the polarization state of the continuous laser beam, obtaining vertical polarized light with the highest energy, and taking the vertical polarized light with the highest energy as the adjusted continuous laser beam;
the specific step of generating the second multi-beam is,
fourier transforming the first multi-beam so that the zero-order beam and the high-order beam in the parallel first multi-beam are scattered in front of and behind a frequency spectrum plane;
separating the zero order beam discretized in front of or behind the spectral plane and the higher order beam discretized in front of or behind the spectral plane;
performing inverse Fourier transform on the separated zero order light beam, so that the zero order light beam which is scattered in front of a frequency spectrum plane or behind the frequency spectrum plane becomes the parallel zero order light beam;
performing inverse Fourier transform on the separated higher-order beams so that the higher-order beams scattered in front of or behind a spectrum plane become parallel higher-order beams;
adjusting the diameter and energy of the parallel zero-order beam;
and guiding the adjusted parallel zero-order light beams into the parallel high-order light beams to generate the second multi-light beam.
2. The method for repairing a surface of a part using multiple beam lasers according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the surface of the part to be repaired is not repaired by the second multi-beam, the method also comprises the step of monitoring the spot state of the second multi-beam.
3. The method of repairing a surface of a part using multiple beam lasers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the beam splitting process of the adjusted continuous laser beam specifically includes the steps of,
generating a plurality of phase grating holograms according to the multi-beam distribution required by the frequency spectrum surface;
superposing a plurality of phase grating holograms through a preset algorithm and loading the superposed phase grating holograms onto a liquid crystal screen of a spatial light modulator;
and diffracting the adjusted continuous laser beam through the liquid crystal screen to generate the first multi-beam.
4. An all-optical beam conditioning system, characterized by: the all-beam conditioning system for generating the second multi-beam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the all-beam conditioning system comprising an optical path dispersion module, a zero-order beam-deriving conditioning module, a high-order beam-deriving conditioning module, and an optical path combining module;
the optical path discretization module is used for enabling a zero-order light beam and a high-order light beam in the first multi-light beam to be discretized in front of and behind a frequency spectrum plane;
the zero-order beam derivation adjusting module is used for deriving the zero-order beam scattered in front of a spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane from the first multi-beam and adjusting the optical path parallelism, the diameter and the energy of the zero-order beam scattered in front of the spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane;
the high-order beam derivation regulating module is used for deriving the high-order beam which is scattered in front of a spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane from the first multi-beam and regulating the optical path parallelism of the high-order beam which is scattered in front of the spectrum plane or behind the spectrum plane;
the optical path combining module is configured to combine the adjusted high-order light beam and the adjusted zero-order light beam to generate the second multi-light beam;
the high-order light beam derivation adjusting module is further configured to adjust an optical path direction of the high-order light beam, or/and the zero-order light beam derivation adjusting module is further configured to adjust an optical path direction of the zero-order light beam.
5. The all-optical beam adjustment system of claim 4, characterized in that: the optical path discrete module comprises a first Fourier lens (6); the zero-order light beam derivation adjusting module comprises a first reflector (9), a second reflector (8), a second Fourier lens (10), a third reflector (12), a second beam expander (16) and a polarizer (17); the higher order beam derivation adjustment module comprises a third fourier lens (18); the optical path combining module comprises a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror (20);
in the optical path discrete module, the first Fourier lens (6) is used for Fourier transformation of the first multi-beam, so that a zero-order beam and a high-order beam in the parallel first multi-beam are discrete in front of and behind a frequency spectrum plane;
in the zero-order light beam derivation and adjustment module, the first reflector (9), the second reflector (8), the second Fourier lens (10), the third reflector (12), the second beam expander (16) and the polarizer (17) are arranged on the light path of the zero-order light beam;
in the higher-order beam derivation adjustment module, the third fourier lens (18) is disposed on an optical path of the higher-order beam;
in the optical path combining module, the half mirror (20) is disposed at an intersection of an optical path of the zero-order beam emitted from the zero-order beam derivation adjusting module and an optical path of the high-order beam emitted from the high-order beam derivation adjusting module.
6. An apparatus for repairing a surface of a part using a multi-beam laser, characterized in that: comprising the all-beam conditioning system of claim 4 or 5, further comprising a first multiple-beam generation system and a focusing system;
the first multi-beam generation system is used for generating continuous laser beams, splitting the continuous laser beams and generating a first multi-beam, wherein the first multi-beam comprises a zero-order beam and a high-order beam;
the all-beam adjusting system is used for separating the first multi-beam, separating the zero-order beam from the high-order beam, adjusting the diameter and the energy of the zero-order beam, and guiding the adjusted zero-order beam into the high-order beam to generate a second multi-beam;
the focusing system is used for focusing the second multiple beams to the surface of the part to be repaired, and the surface of the part to be repaired is repaired by the second multiple beams.
7. The apparatus for repairing a surface of a part using multiple beam lasers according to claim 6, wherein: the first multi-beam generation system comprises a continuous laser (1), a first beam expander (2), a half wave plate (3), a polarization beam splitter prism (5) and a spatial light modulator (30);
the continuous laser (1) is used for generating a continuous laser beam;
the first beam expander (2), the half wave plate (3), the polarization beam splitter prism (5) and the spatial light modulator (30) are arranged on the light path of the continuous laser beam.
8. The apparatus for repairing a surface of a part using multiple beam lasers according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: the device also comprises a turnover reflecting mirror (25) and a light spot state monitoring system, wherein the light spot state monitoring system is used for monitoring the light spot state of the second multi-beam;
the turning mirror (25) is arranged on the optical path of the second multi-beam, the turning mirror (25) is used for guiding the second multi-beam to the light spot state monitoring system, and the turning mirror (25) is also used for guiding the multi-beam to the focusing system.
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