CN109778171B - Treatment fluid and method for preparing aluminum alloy surface hydrotalcite conversion film with self-repairing performance by using same - Google Patents

Treatment fluid and method for preparing aluminum alloy surface hydrotalcite conversion film with self-repairing performance by using same Download PDF

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CN109778171B
CN109778171B CN201711113495.9A CN201711113495A CN109778171B CN 109778171 B CN109778171 B CN 109778171B CN 201711113495 A CN201711113495 A CN 201711113495A CN 109778171 B CN109778171 B CN 109778171B
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aluminum alloy
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刘娅莉
张彩霞
罗小虎
潘心宇
袁松
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Hunan University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical materials, and relates to a treatment fluid and a method for preparing a self-repairing aluminum alloy surface conversion coating by using the treatment fluid. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a treatment solution containing lithium salt, lithium hydroxide, an accelerator and an additive, then immersing the aluminum alloy with the pretreated surface into the treatment solution for treatment for 5-30 min, and then washing, drying and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy. The preparation process of the hydrotalcite conversion treatment solution on the surface of the aluminum alloy is simple, does not contain heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium, nickel and the like, and is environment-friendly; the conversion film prepared by the treatment fluid is compact, has good corrosion resistance and has certain self-repairing performance. The conversion coating treatment technology can be used for pretreatment before coating, can also be used for outer layer corrosion prevention, and can effectively replace chromate treatment on the surface of aluminum alloy.

Description

Treatment fluid and method for preparing aluminum alloy surface hydrotalcite conversion film with self-repairing performance by using same
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical materials, and relates to a treatment fluid and a method for preparing a lithium-aluminum hydrotalcite conversion coating with a self-repairing aluminum alloy surface by using the treatment fluid.
Background
The traditional aluminum alloy surface treatment method mainly adopts the traditional chromate treatment method, a chromate passivation film has good corrosion resistance and good self-repairing function, but hexavalent chromium in chromate has serious pollution to the environment and great harm to the health of human bodies, the hexavalent chromium in a conversion film can cause secondary pollution to the environment when the treated product is used and discarded, the application of the hexavalent chromium conversion film is limited, and the use of chromate is strictly limited by WEES and ROHS instructions.
The existing chromium-free conversion treatment technology mainly focuses on the aspects of titanium zirconium conversion treatment technology, rare earth conversion treatment technology, organic matter conversion treatment technology and the like, but the conversion treatment technologies have the defects of poor corrosion resistance of a film layer and the like. In the process of continuous exploration, the supermolecular assembly material hydrotalcite Layered compound (LDHs) with a nano-scale structure attracts the attention of many researchers in material science including us due to the unique intercalation reaction characteristic and excellent physical and chemical characteristics. The hydrotalcite compound is formed by orderly assembling interlayer anions with negative charges, interlayer water molecules capable of forming hydrogen bonds and laminate metal cations (metal hydroxides) with positive charges.
The preparation method of hydrotalcite-like compound mainly includes coprecipitation method, hydrothermal synthesis method, sol-gel method, nucleation/crystallization isolation method and roasting composite oxide recovery method. However, the above methods all have the disadvantages of high treatment temperature, long aging and baking time, and the like. The in-situ growth method is to load a compound or functional material on the surface of another material substrate by a chemical or physical method to directly grow the LDHs conversion film, so that the mechanical property, the thermal stability, the dispersibility and the like of the material are greatly improved. The intelligent anti-corrosion system is characterized in that some anionic corrosion inhibitors are added in the preparation process of the hydrotalcite film, namely a molecular container is constructed between hydrotalcite layers, and the corrosion inhibitors are stored between the hydrotalcite layers. The interlaminar intercalation property and the interlaminar ion exchangeability of the hydrotalcite make the hydrotalcite a good material for constructing the molecular container. The hydrotalcite with corrosion inhibition anion intercalation can react with corrosive ion Cl in a corrosive environment-、SO4 2-Ion exchange occurs, corrosive ions enter between hydrotalcite layers, and contact between the corrosive ions and the metal matrix is prevented or reduced; meanwhile, corrosion inhibition anions between hydrotalcite layers exchange with corrosive ions in the environment to be replaced, so that the effect of corrosion prevention is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing aluminum alloy chromium-free conversion treatment technology, such as dark color of treatment liquid, poor stability, low corrosion resistance of a conversion film on the surface of an aluminum alloy, no self-repairability of a film layer and the like, the invention provides the treatment liquid and a method for preparing the lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy with the self-repairability by using the treatment liquid. The method can form a uniform and continuous lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of aluminum and aluminum alloy, the preparation method of the conversion solution is simple, toxic chromium and phosphate are not contained, the method is environment-friendly, the conversion treatment time is short, the treatment temperature is low, and no post-treatment is needed. Has good corrosion resistance and self-repairing performance similar to that of a chromate conversion film, and can replace the chromate treatment process on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the technical scheme is as follows:
a treatment solution for preparing a lithium-aluminum hydrotalcite-like conversion film on the surface of an aluminum alloy with self-repairing performance is an aqueous solution consisting of lithium salt, lithium hydroxide, an accelerant and an additive, wherein each liter of the aqueous solution contains:
Figure BDA0001465732200000031
the lithium salt is one or more of lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate and lithium sulfate;
the accelerant is one or more of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium fluoride, sodium metaaluminate and simethicone;
the additive is one or more of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine and glutamine.
The preparation method of the treatment fluid comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving lithium salt and lithium hydroxide by using deionized water to obtain a component a; dissolving the promoter and the additive in deionized water to obtain a component b; and then uniformly mixing the component a and the component b to obtain the treatment fluid.
The application method of the treatment liquid comprises the following steps: diluting the treatment solution by 5-10 times to obtain a working solution with a pH value of 9.0-11.0, and then using the working solution.
The second technical proposal is that:
the method for preparing the self-repairing aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film by using the treatment fluid comprises the following steps:
a) pretreating the surface of the aluminum alloy;
b) aluminum alloy conversion treatment: diluting the treatment solution by 5-10 times to obtain working solution with the pH value of 9.0-11.0, and then placing the aluminum alloy in the working solution for chemical conversion coating treatment for 5-30 min at the treatment temperature of 30-60 ℃;
c) and washing, drying and cooling the aluminum alloy deionized water subjected to conversion treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The pretreatment of the step a) is as follows: and (3) degreasing the aluminum alloy in acid, washing, degreasing in alkaline, washing again, brightening, and finally washing to remove dirt on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
The drying in the step c) is baking for 5min to 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃ to 110 ℃.
The following is a further description of the invention.
In the invention, the pH value of the treating fluid used for the self-repairing lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy is 9.0-11.0, and the optimal value is 9.5-10.5, because a large number of experiments of the inventor show that when the pH value is more than or equal to 11.0, the film forming speed is too high, the conversion coating covers the surface of a substrate unevenly, and the corrosion resistance of the coating is reduced. When the pH value is less than or equal to 9.0, the aluminum alloy is too slowly dissolved, and Al3+The source is insufficient and the corrosion resistance is poor.
When the conversion film is treated, the temperature of the treatment liquid is preferably controlled to be 30-60 ℃, and the film forming speed of the conversion film is accelerated due to overhigh temperature, the film layer is loose, and the corrosion resistance is reduced.
In the invention, the treatment time of the self-repairing lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy is 5-30 min, and the optimal value is 13-15 min. The film forming time is short, and the conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy is not uniform; the film forming time is too long, the corrosion resistance of the film is not improved, and the adhesive force of the film is influenced.
The invention relates to a method for detecting an aluminum alloy conversion film layer, which comprises the following steps:
1. electrochemical testing: an electrochemical workstation CHI604D from chenhua apparatus, shanghai was used. And respectively measuring electrochemical curves of different conversion films so as to judge the corrosion resistance of the conversion films.
2. The microstructure of the conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy was observed by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) model XL-30 from PHILIPS, Japan.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy prepared by the invention has the corrosion resistance similar to that of a chromate conversion film, has the similar self-repairing performance, and can grow the conversion film again at the damaged part in a corrosive environment, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the film.
(2) The formula of the conversion solution is completely based on inorganic nitrate, other nontoxic compounds and part of organic acid, so that the stability of the treatment solution and the convenience in wastewater treatment are ensured.
(3) The invention realizes simple process flow and low cost of the chromium-free conversion film treatment process, can be treated at lower temperature, has excellent corrosion resistance of the conversion film, and can replace the chromate conversion treatment process on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a SEM image of the thickness of a lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of an aluminum alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a SEM image of a lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of an aluminum alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a SEM image of a lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film with scratches on the surface of the aluminum alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a SEM image of a self-repairing scanning electron microscope of the lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film with scratches on the surface of the aluminum alloy prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a SEM image of a lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of an aluminum alloy prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a SEM image of a lithium aluminum hydrotalcite-like conversion film on the surface of an aluminum alloy prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph comparing electrochemical ac impedance in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution after soaking the aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film prepared in example 1 of the present invention in a corrosive environment (3.5% NaCl aqueous solution with pH 7);
fig. 8 is a graph comparing electrochemical ac impedance in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution after soaking the aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film prepared in example 2 of the present invention in a corrosive environment (3.5% NaCl aqueous solution with pH 7);
fig. 9 is a graph comparing electrochemical ac impedance in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution after soaking the aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film prepared in example 3 of the present invention in a corrosive environment (3.5% NaCl aqueous solution with pH 7);
in FIGS. 7 to 9, the abscissa ZReIs the real part of the electrochemical impedance value, ordinate ZImThe imaginary part of the electrochemical impedance value, in ohms (Ω).
FIG. 10 is a digital photograph of the aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention after a neutral salt spray corrosion test for 300 hours;
FIG. 11 is a digital photograph of the aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film prepared in example 2 of the present invention after a neutral salt spray corrosion test for 280 hours;
FIG. 12 is a digital photograph of an aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film obtained in example 3 of the present invention after 547h neutral salt spray corrosion test.
Detailed Description
A method for preparing a lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion coating with a self-repairing performance on an aluminum alloy surface comprises the following steps:
fully dissolving lithium salt, hydroxide, an accelerant and an additive in deionized water to obtain a treatment solution, adjusting the pH value of the treatment solution to 9.0-11.0 by using nitric acid and lithium hydroxide, and then placing the treatment solution in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 50-70 ℃ for heat preservation treatment;
preparing a 6N01 aluminum alloy test piece, firstly respectively polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy by 400 # abrasive paper, 800 # abrasive paper and 1200# abrasive paper, then immersing the aluminum alloy test piece into a commercially available RS-228 acidic degreasing agent (60g/L) for treatment for 3min, washing the aluminum alloy test piece by deionized water, treating the aluminum alloy test piece in a self-made alkaline solution formula for 3min, and finally washing the surface of the aluminum alloy by the deionized water to remove dirt;
and (3) placing the pretreated aluminum alloy test piece into a treatment solution for chemical conversion treatment for 5-30 min, washing the aluminum alloy test piece subjected to the chemical conversion treatment with deionized water, baking the aluminum alloy test piece at 60-110 ℃ for 5-30 min, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy test piece.
The lithium source in the method according to the present invention includes (but is not limited to) one or more selected from the group consisting of: lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide;
accelerators include, but are not limited to, one or more selected from the group consisting of: sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, simethicone and sodium fluoride;
additives include, but are not limited to, one or more selected from the group consisting of: glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, and glutamine;
the invention will now be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.
Example 1: preparation of self-repairable lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on aluminum alloy surface
10g of lithium nitrate, 2g of lithium hydroxide, 3g of sodium fluoride, 2g of sodium nitrite and 2g of glutamic acid are weighed and dissolved by 1000mL of deionized water. The above solution was adjusted to pH 10 with nitric acid.
Preparing a 5083 aluminum alloy test piece, firstly, manually polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy by using 400 # abrasive paper, 800 # abrasive paper and 1200# abrasive paper respectively, then, treating the aluminum alloy test piece in a self-made alkaline solution formula for 3min, washing the aluminum alloy test piece by using deionized water, then, soaking the aluminum alloy test piece in a commercially available aluminum alloy acid degreasing agent (60g/L) for 3min, washing the aluminum alloy test piece by using the deionized water, soaking the aluminum alloy test piece in the prepared treatment working solution of the self-repairable lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 20min, washing the test piece by using cold air, drying the test piece for 15min at the temperature of 108 ℃ in a drying oven, and cooling to obtain the.
The structure and performance of the conversion film in the embodiment 1 of the invention are detected and analyzed as follows:
scanning electron microscope results (figure 1) show that the thickness of the self-repairing lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy in example 1 is about 100nm, figure 2 shows that the self-repairing lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy in example 1 has a flaky structure and a dense and continuous film layer, figure 3 shows that the self-repairing lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy in example 1 is damaged to expose an aluminum alloy substrate, and figure 4 shows that the self-repairing lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy in example 1 can grow a dense conversion film again at a damaged part, so that self-repairing is realized; an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy circuit is simulated by using zsimwin software (as shown in fig. 7), which shows that after the aluminum alloy surface self-repairing lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film in the embodiment 1 is soaked in a 3.5% NaCl solution in a neutral environment (i.e., with a pH of 7) for 20 hours, the resistance of the conversion film is improved compared with that of the film layer when the film layer is damaged, and after the conversion film is soaked in a corrosive environment for a period of time, the resistance value of the conversion film is not reduced but improved, which indicates that the aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film in the embodiment 1 of the invention has a certain self-repairing property, and the reason is probably that when the conversion film is damaged, the aluminum alloy is corroded, so that conditions are provided for the film layer to grow again. The digital photo of the conversion film after the neutral salt spray corrosion experiment for 300h is shown in figure 10, which shows that the film has excellent neutral salt spray corrosion resistance. Example 1 the self-repairable lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion coating on the aluminum alloy surface is a matrix color, high in appearance and high in corrosion resistance.
Example 2:
10g of lithium nitrate, 2g of lithium hydroxide, 2g of sodium fluoride and 4g of aspartic acid are weighed and dissolved in 1000mL of deionized water. The above solution was adjusted to pH 10.5 with nitric acid.
Preparing a 5083 aluminum alloy test piece, firstly, manually polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy by using 400, 800 and 1200# abrasive paper respectively, then, putting the aluminum alloy test piece into a self-made alkaline solution formula (NaOH20g/L, white cat washing powder 6g/L) for treatment for 5min, washing the aluminum alloy test piece by using deionized water, then, immersing the aluminum alloy test piece into an aluminum alloy acid degreasing agent (63% nitric acid 60g/L) for treatment for 5min, washing the aluminum alloy test piece by using the deionized water, immersing the aluminum alloy test piece into the prepared treatment working solution of the self-repairable lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy at the temperature of 60 ℃ for treatment for 20min, washing the test piece by using cold air, drying the test piece for 20min at the temperature of 90 ℃ in a drying oven, and cooling the test.
The structure and performance of the conversion film in embodiment 2 of the invention are detected and analyzed as follows:
the scanning electron microscope result (figure 5) shows that the lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy in the example 2 is in a cross-linked flaky structure, and has obvious gaps compared with the conversion film in the example 1; the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy circuit was simulated by Zsimwin software (see FIG. 8), and the results show that the conversion film of example 2 was dissolved in 3.5% NaCl waterResistance in liquid of 3.348X 105Ω·cm-2The resistance after 20 days of immersion in a corrosive environment was 2.717X 105Ω·cm-2(ii) a After the conversion film in the embodiment 2 of the invention is soaked in a corrosive environment for a period of time, the electrochemical resistance of the film layer is not greatly reduced, which shows that the conversion film in the embodiment 2 can realize self-repair in the corrosion process, and the corrosion resistance protection performance of the conversion film on aluminum alloy is greatly improved. The surface condition of the conversion film of the example 2 after being subjected to neutral salt spray corrosion for 280h is shown in FIG. 11, and the protective film has excellent salt spray corrosion resistance.
Example 3:
10g of lithium nitrate, 2.5g of lithium hydroxide, 5g of sodium fluoride, 1g of sodium nitrite and 1.6g of glutamine were weighed and dissolved in 1000mL of deionized water. The above solution was adjusted to pH 10.5 with nitric acid.
Preparing a 6N01 aluminum alloy test piece, firstly manually polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy by 400 #, 800 # and 1200# abrasive paper respectively, then processing the aluminum alloy test piece in a self-made alkaline solution formula for 3min, washing the aluminum alloy test piece by deionized water, then soaking the aluminum alloy test piece in a commercially available RS-228 acid degreasing agent (60g/L) for 3min, washing the aluminum alloy test piece by the deionized water, soaking the aluminum alloy test piece in the prepared processing working solution of the self-repairing lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 20min, drying the test piece by cold air after washing, drying the test piece for 20min at the temperature of 105 ℃ in a drying oven, and cooling to obtain the lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film of the embodiment 3.
The structure and performance of the conversion film in embodiment 3 of the invention are detected and analyzed as follows:
scanning electron microscope results (fig. 6) show that the lithium aluminum hydrotalcite-like conversion film on the surface of the aluminum alloy in the example 3 is of a continuous sheet-like structure, and the size of the film is between that of the aluminum alloy in the example 1 and that of the aluminum alloy in the example 2; the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy circuit was simulated by Zsimwin software (see FIG. 9), and the results showed that the resistance of the conversion membrane of example 3 in 3.5% NaCl solution was 6.487X 105Ω·cm-2The resistance after 20 days of immersion in a corrosive environment was 5.943X 105Ω·cm-2Example 3 the electrochemical resistance of the aluminum alloy surface conversion coating is not obviously reduced after being soaked in a corrosive environment for a period of time, andone step verifies that the conversion film has certain film self-repairing capability. The photo of the conversion film of example 3 after 547h neutral salt spray corrosion test is shown in FIG. 12, and it can be seen that the conversion film has excellent salt spray corrosion resistance.
The aluminum alloy surface lithium aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film with certain self-repairability has high corrosion resistance, natural color and simple treatment process, and the chromium-free treatment of the aluminum alloy can be used as a replacement technology of aluminum alloy chromate treatment and has good application prospect.

Claims (7)

1. A treatment solution for preparing a lithium-aluminum hydrotalcite conversion film on the surface of an aluminum alloy with self-repairing performance is an aqueous solution consisting of lithium salt, lithium hydroxide, an accelerant and an additive, wherein each liter of the aqueous solution contains:
3g to 20g of lithium salt,
0.5 g to 10g of lithium hydroxide,
6g of an accelerator, namely 6g,
0.5 g to 20g of additive,
the lithium salt is one or more of lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate and lithium sulfate;
the accelerant is 5g of sodium fluoride and 1g of sodium nitrite;
the additive is one or two of glutamic acid and glutamine;
the using method comprises the following steps: diluting the treatment solution by 5-10 times to obtain a working solution with a pH value of 10.5-11.0, and then using the working solution.
2. The treatment solution according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the lithium salt to the lithium hydroxide is 1-6: 1.
3. The treatment solution of claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the lithium salt to the lithium hydroxide is 3.6: 1.
4. The treatment fluid according to claim 1 or 2, which is prepared by a method comprising: firstly, dissolving lithium salt and lithium hydroxide by using deionized water to obtain a component a; dissolving the promoter and the additive in deionized water to obtain a component b; and then uniformly mixing the component a and the component b to obtain the treatment fluid.
5. A method for preparing a lithium aluminum hydrotalcite-like conversion coating on the surface of a self-repairing aluminum alloy by using the treating fluid of any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) pretreating the surface of the aluminum alloy;
b) aluminum alloy conversion treatment: diluting the treatment solution by 5-10 times to obtain working solution with the pH value of 9.0-11.0, and then placing the aluminum alloy in the working solution for chemical conversion coating treatment for 5-30 min at the treatment temperature of 30-60 ℃;
c) and washing, drying and cooling the aluminum alloy deionized water subjected to conversion treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pre-processing of step a) is: and (3) degreasing the aluminum alloy in acid, washing, degreasing in alkaline, washing again, brightening, and finally washing to remove dirt on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the drying in step c) is performed at 60 ℃ to 110 ℃ for 5min to 30 min.
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