CN109777973A - The method and device of Selectively leaching scandium from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag - Google Patents
The method and device of Selectively leaching scandium from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag Download PDFInfo
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- CN109777973A CN109777973A CN201910214704.1A CN201910214704A CN109777973A CN 109777973 A CN109777973 A CN 109777973A CN 201910214704 A CN201910214704 A CN 201910214704A CN 109777973 A CN109777973 A CN 109777973A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method and devices of Selectively leaching scandium from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag.This method comprises: mixing smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the aqueous solution of the first ore phase reconstruction agent, reconstruct mineral acid salt is obtained, the first ore phase reconstruction agent includes acid；Mineral acid salt will be reconstructed into medium temperature roast, obtain medium temperature roast product, the temperature of medium temperature roast process is 500~800 DEG C；And medium temperature product of roasting is washed, obtain the leachate containing scandium.In above-mentioned processing method, it is able to suppress the pyrolytic process of scandium element during medium temperature roast by ore phase reconstruction process, and then can be realized the purpose of the Selectively leaching scandium element from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rare earth element recycling fields, selective from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag in particular to one kind
The method and device of Leaching of Scandium.
Background technique
The related invention patent that valuable element recycles in smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is few.In prior art, mainly
The direct mineral acid-hatching of young eggs mentions scandium, and this usual object element Selectively leaching of method is not strong enough.It is solvable in smelting laterite-nickel ores slag
It all can be more or less dissolved in leachate in the element of acid, wherein element silicon will cause great difficulty to separation of solid and liquid.Extracting
It takes, wash, being stripped, purifying etc. in follow-up links, impurity elemental silicon, iron, titanium, chromium etc. will undoubtedly increase scandium extraction and separation difficulty.
Direct mineral acid leaching process acid consumption is higher, and acid not can be recycled, and slag also needs neutralisation treatment after raffinate and leaching.This
Outside, higher impurity element causes to extract difficulty height in leachate.Silicon may make solid-liquid due to the formation of silicic acid in leaching process
It separates extremely difficult.Existing method is ideal not enough to the extraction effect of rare earth element.
Summary of the invention
The method and dress of the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag Selectively leaching scandium
It sets, asks when solving to leach lateritic nickel ore using the existing direct acid-hatching of young eggs there are the leaching rate of rare earth element is lower
Topic.
To achieve the goals above, a kind of Selectively leaching scandium from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is provided according to the present invention
Method, method include: to mix smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the aqueous solution of the first ore phase reconstruction agent, obtain reconstruct mineral acid
Salt, the first ore phase reconstruction agent include acid；Mineral acid salt will be reconstructed into medium temperature roast, obtain medium temperature roast product, medium temperature roast mistake
The temperature of journey is 500~800 DEG C；And medium temperature product of roasting is washed, obtain the leachate containing scandium.
Further, the acid in the first ore phase reconstruction agent is selected from HCl, HNO3And H2SO4One of or it is a variety of；Preferably,
Sour concentration described in first ore phase reconstruction agent is 0.5 times of pure concentration of analysis or more, the needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag
The volume of one ore phase reconstruction agent is 0.2~1.5mL；It is highly preferred that concentration sour described in the first ore phase reconstruction agent is 0.5 times point
Pure concentration or more is analysed, the first ore phase reconstruction agent volume needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is 0.5~1mL.
Further, will reconstruct mineral acid salt carry out medium temperature roast process before, method further include: will reconstruct mineral salt with
Second ore phase reconstruction agent carries out low-temperature bake process, obtains low-temperature bake product, and the temperature of low-temperature bake process is 100~500
DEG C, the second ore phase reconstruction agent includes alkali metal inorganic salts and/or ammonium salt；Low-temperature bake product is subjected to medium temperature roast process, is obtained
To medium temperature roast product；Preferably, the alkali metal inorganic salts in the second ore phase reconstruction agent are selected from Na2SO4、K2SO4、NaCl、KCl、
NaNO3And KNO3One of or it is a variety of；Preferably, the ammonium salt in the second ore phase reconstruction agent is (NH4)2SO4And/or NH4HSO4。
Further, the weight of the second ore phase reconstruction agent needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is 0.01~1g；It is preferred that
Ground, the weight of the second ore phase reconstruction agent needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag are 0.1~0.5g.
Further, the time of low-temperature bake process is 1~240min；Preferably, the time of medium temperature roast process is 10
~240min.
Further, medium temperature roast process is alternating temperature process, it is preferable that Cooling rate during medium temperature roast is 2~
15℃/min。
Further, medium temperature roast process is negative pressure roasting process.
Further, low-temperature bake process is alternating temperature process；Preferably, the heating rate during low-temperature bake be 5~
15℃/min。
Further, washing process includes: under stirring, medium temperature roast material and detergent to be carried out leaching process
The step of；Preferably, detergent is the acid solution of pH 2.5~3.2, and the dosage of the corresponding acid solution of every gram of medium temperature roast material is 2
~15mL, extraction time are 10~240min, and stirring intensity is 100~400rpm.
Further, the temperature of washing process is 15~90 DEG C.
The another aspect of the application additionally provides a kind of device of Selectively leaching scandium element from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag,
Device includes: mixing unit, roasting unit and washing unit, have the import of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, the first ore phase reconstruction agent into
Mouth and the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt, mixing unit under the action of the first ore phase reconstruction agent for carrying out smelting laterite-nickel ores slag
First time ore phase reconstruction is to obtain reconstruct mineral acid salt, wherein the first ore phase reconstruction agent import is for supply acid as the first mine phase
Reconstructors；Roasting unit is connected with the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt, and roasting unit is used to successively roast reconstruct mineral acid salt,
So that reconstruct mineral acid salt carries out ore phase reconstruction at least once；Washing unit is connected with the outlet of roasting unit, washing unit tool
There is detergent inlet, for washing to the product of roasting that roasting unit is discharged, obtains the leachate containing scandium element.
Further, mixing unit is additionally provided with the second ore phase reconstruction agent import, and the second ore phase reconstruction agent import is for supplying
Answer alkali metal inorganic salts and/or ammonium salt as the second ore phase reconstruction agent；Above-mentioned roasting unit includes the second reaction unit and first
Heating device, the second reaction unit are connected with the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt, for successively to reconstruct mineral acid salt and the second mine phase
The mixture of reconstructors carries out roasting for the first time and second roasts；First heater is for adding the second reaction unit
Heat.
Further, the second reaction unit is for providing the reacting environment of first time roasting process, to carry out second of weight
Structure process, roasting unit further include third reaction unit and secondary heating mechanism, third reaction unit and the second reaction unit phase
Even, for providing the reacting environment of second of roasting process, to carry out third time ore phase reconstruction process；Secondary heating mechanism is used for
Third reaction unit is heated.
Further, roasting unit further includes pressure control device, and pressure control device is used to adjust the pressure in third reaction unit.
Further, third reaction unit also has the outlet of regeneration reconstructors, and roasting unit further includes that ore phase reconstruction agent is returned
Receiving apparatus, ore phase reconstruction agent recyclable device are connected with the outlet of regeneration reconstructors and the second ore phase reconstruction agent import respectively, are used for back
It receives the regeneration reconstructors that third reaction unit generates and returns it in mixing unit and be mutually overlapped as the second mine of at least part
Structure agent.
Further, third reaction unit also has offgas outlet, and roasting unit further includes device for recovering tail gas, with tail gas
Outlet is connected, for recycling the tail gas of third reaction unit generation.
Further, smelting laterite-nickel ores slag mixing unit include: the first reaction unit, the first feeding device, second plus
Expect device and third feeding device, the first reaction unit has the import of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, the first ore phase reconstruction agent import, the
Two ore phase reconstruction agent imports and the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt, the first reaction unit are used to provide to first time ore phase reconstruction process anti-
Answer place；First feeding device is connected with smelting laterite-nickel ores slag import, for providing smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, the second charging dress
It sets and is connected with the first ore phase reconstruction agent import, for providing the first ore phase reconstruction agent；And third feeding device and the second mine phase
Reconstructors import is connected, for providing the second ore phase reconstruction agent.
Further, mixing unit further includes the first agitating device, and the first agitating device is arranged in the first reaction unit.
Further, washing unit includes: the 4th reaction unit, the second agitating device and the 4th feeding device, and the 4th is anti-
Device is answered to be connected with the outlet of roasting unit, the 4th reaction unit has detergent inlet；It is anti-that second agitating device is placed in the 4th
It answers in device；And the 4th feeding device be connected with detergent inlet, for into the 4th reaction unit provide acid.
Further, washing unit further includes third heating device, and third heating device is for adjusting the 4th reaction unit
Interior temperature.
It applies the technical scheme of the present invention, after smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is mixed with ore phase reconstruction agent, realizes first time laterite
Nickel minerals metallurgical slag chats mutually reconstructs for the first time, while being also to prepare for second and third time reconstruct.The master of reconstruct for the first time
Wanting mechanism is the process that oxide ore phase transition is corresponding simple mineral acid salt in smelting laterite-nickel ores slag.The master of second of reconstruct
Wanting mechanism is under conditions of low-temperature bake, and mineral acid salt and alkali metal ion or ammonia radical ion form the process of double salt, simply
It is that smelting laterite-nickel ores slag Minerals mine mutually reconstructs for second that mineral acid salt, which is changed into double salt,.The dominant mechanism of reconstruct is for the third time
The pyrolytic process of double salt, after double salt pyrolysis, it is corresponding oxide ore phase that foreign metal salt, which is further continued for pyrolysis,.In the heat of double salt
Solution and foreign metal salt pyrolytic process in, absorb amount of heat, the process inhibit rare earth scandium double salt around pyrolysis occur or
Simple scandium sulfate is inhibited to continue to be pyrolyzed, this makes it possible to realize the Selectively leaching of valuable element scandium.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows
Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention for meaning property, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows selectivity in the slave smelting laterite-nickel ores slag provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
The process flow chart of the method for Leaching of Scandium；
Fig. 2 shows selectivity in the slave smelting laterite-nickel ores slag provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
The structural block diagram of the device of Leaching of Scandium.
Wherein, the above drawings include the following reference numerals:
10, mixing unit；11, the first reaction unit；12, the first feeding device；13, the second feeding device；14, third adds
Expect device；20, roasting unit；21, the second reaction unit；22, first heater；23, third reaction unit；24, second adds
Thermal；25, pressure control device；26, device for recovering tail gas；30, washing unit；31, the 4th reaction unit；32, the 4th charging dress
It sets；33, third heating device.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
As described in background technique, there are rare earths when being leached using the existing direct acid-hatching of young eggs to lateritic nickel ore
The lower problem of the leaching rate of element.In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, this application provides one kind from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag
The method of middle Selectively leaching scandium, as shown in Figure 1, this method comprises: making smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the first ore phase reconstruction agent
Aqueous solution is mixed, and reconstruct mineral acid salt is obtained, and the first ore phase reconstruction agent includes acid；Reconstruct mineral acid salt is roasted into medium temperature
It burns, obtains medium temperature roast product, the temperature of medium temperature roast process is 500~800 DEG C；And medium temperature product of roasting is washed,
Obtain the leachate containing scandium.
After smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is mixed with the first ore phase reconstruction agent, first time smelting laterite-nickel ores slag chats phase the is realized
Primary reconstruct, while being also to prepare for subsequent restructuring procedure.The dominant mechanism of reconstruct is the laterite under acid effect for the first time
Oxide ore phase transition is the process of corresponding simple mineral acid salt in nickel minerals metallurgical slag.During medium temperature roast, reconstruct it is main
Mechanism is the pyrolytic process for reconstructing mineral acid salt, and after pyrolysis, it is corresponding oxide ore phase that foreign metal salt, which is further continued for pyrolysis,.
In the pyrolysis and foreign metal salt pyrolytic process of reconstruct mineral salt, due to absorbing amount of heat, which is able to suppress scandium salts
Pyrolysis occur, this be conducive to improve Selectively leaching during scandium element leaching rate.
The present invention property of can choose leaches the valuable element scandium in smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, and in addition ore phase reconstruction agent used can
Recycling and reusing.Impurity element is few in leachate, acidity is low, and raffinate is easy to handle, is separated by solid-liquid separation and is easy, subsequent extraction step is easy
It carries out.Slag is in neutrality easy to handle after leaching.
Be conducive to improve the leaching rate of scandium element in laterite metallurgical slag using the method for above-mentioned Selectively leaching.In one kind
In preferred embodiment, the acid in the first ore phase reconstruction agent includes but is not limited to HCl, HNO3And H2SO4One of or it is a variety of.
Smelting laterite-nickel ores slag react with acid can make the oxide contained by it be converted into ion, and then scandium ion etc. is in conjunction with acid group turn
Mineral acid salt is turned to, and then completes ore phase reconstruction process.
In a kind of preferred embodiment, the sour concentration described in the first ore phase reconstruction agent is 0.5 times of pure concentration of analysis
When above, the first ore phase reconstruction agent volume needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is 0.2~1.5mL.First ore phase reconstruction agent
Dosage include but is not limited to above range, limited and be conducive to further increase the first ore phase reconstruction within the above range
Rate, and then be conducive to improve the leaching rate of scandium element.It is highly preferred that working as concentration sour described in the first ore phase reconstruction agent is 0.5
When analyzing pure concentration or more again, the first ore phase reconstruction agent volume needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is 0.5~1mL.
In a kind of preferred embodiment, before reconstruct mineral acid salt is carried out medium temperature roast process, the above method is also wrapped
It includes: reconstruct mineral salt and the second ore phase reconstruction agent being subjected to low-temperature bake process, obtain low-temperature bake product, low-temperature bake process
Temperature be 100~500 DEG C, the second ore phase reconstruction agent includes alkali metal inorganic salts and/or ammonium salt；Low-temperature bake product is carried out
Medium temperature roast process obtains medium temperature roast product.
To reconstruct the alkali metal ion in mineral acid salt and the second ore phase reconstruction agent or ammonium ion forms double salt, realization from
Simple mineral acid salt is changed into the reconstruct of double salt.There is the presence of alkali metal ion or ammonium ion in above-mentioned double salt is conducive to further
Inhibit the pyrolysis of scandium double salt, and then is conducive to further increase the leaching rate of scandium element during acidleach.
Preferably, the alkali metal inorganic salts in the second ore phase reconstruction agent include but is not limited to Na2SO4、K2SO4、NaCl、
KCl、NaNO3、KNO3One of or it is a variety of.Preferably, the ammonium salt in the second ore phase reconstruction agent includes but is not limited to (NH4)2SO4
And/or NH4HSO4.The type of alkali metal and ammonium salt includes but is not limited to above-mentioned several, and above-mentioned several alkali metal inorganic salts and ammonium
Salt has good water solubility, and cheap, this advantageously reduces process costs.Simultaneously because alkali metal ion and ammonium ion
With lesser volume, thus it is more advantageous to ore phase reconstruction process of completing, improves ore phase reconstruction rate, and then improve subsequent wash mistake
The leaching rate of scandium element in journey.
In a kind of preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the second ore phase reconstruction agent needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is
0.01~1.Lateritic nickel ore and the weight ratio of the second ore phase reconstruction agent include but is not limited to above range, and are limited to above-mentioned
Be conducive to further decrease in roasting process in range, the resolution ratio of rare earth Sc, and then be conducive to improve in washing process
The leaching rate of rare earth Sc.
In a preferred embodiment, the time of low-temperature bake process is 1~240min.The temperature of low-temperature bake process
Degree includes but is not limited to above range, and is limited and be conducive to improve conversion of the mineral acid salt to double salt within the above range
Rate.Preferably, the time of low-temperature bake process is 30~180min.
In a kind of preferred embodiment, the time of medium temperature roast process is 10~240min.Medium temperature roast process when
Between include but is not limited to above range, is limited and is conducive to improve the efficiency thermally decomposed within the above range, and then be conducive to
Improve the leaching rate of scandium element in washing process.Preferably, the time of medium temperature roast process is 40~180min.
Above-mentioned medium temperature roasting process can be also possible to thermostatic process with alternating temperature process.Preferably, when medium temperature roasting process is
When medium temperature alternating temperature process, Cooling rate is 2~15 DEG C/min.
In the recovery method of above-mentioned rare earth element, medium temperature roast process can carry out under normal pressure and also under negative pressure into
Row, it is preferable that above-mentioned medium temperature roasting process is negative pressure roasting process.Medium temperature roast process is advantageously reduced under negative pressure
The temperature and calcining time of roasting process, to be conducive to energy saving, while shortening process cycle.And identical maturing temperature and
Under calcining time, medium temperature roast is carried out under negative pressure, is conducive to improve the decomposition efficiency in roasting process, and then improve subsequent scandium
The leaching rate of element.
Above-mentioned low-temperature bake process is alternating temperature process or thermostatic process.When low-temperature bake process is alternating temperature process, preferably
Ground, during low-temperature bake, heating rate is 5~15 DEG C/min.Heating rate includes but is not limited to above range, and is limited
It is fixed to be conducive to keep the conversion process of mineral acid salt milder within the above range, and conversion process is more complete.
Above-mentioned washing process includes: under stirring, the step of medium temperature roast material and detergent are washed.It will
Medium temperature roast material is washed, and scandium element can be made to dissolve in liquid phase, and other impurity metallic elements (such as iron, chromium, silicon and portion
Divide aluminium, calcium etc.) then enter in solid slag, to realize the leaching of scandium element selectivity.
In washing process, dosage, extraction time and the stirring intensity of medium temperature roast material and detergent can select ability
The common parameter area in domain.In order to further increase the leaching rate of scandium element, it is preferable that detergent is the acid of pH 2.5~3.2
Liquid, and the dosage of the corresponding acid solution of every gram of medium temperature roast material is 2~15mL, extraction time is 10~240min, stirring intensity
For 100~400rpm.
In a kind of preferred embodiment, the temperature of washing process is 15~90 DEG C.The temperature of washing process includes but not
It is limited to above range, and is limited the leaching rate for being conducive to further increase scandium element within the above range.
On the other hand the application additionally provides a kind of device of Selectively leaching scandium element from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, such as
Shown in Fig. 2, a kind of device of Selectively leaching scandium element from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is provided according to a further aspect of the invention,
The device includes: mixing unit 10, roasting unit 20 and washing unit 30.Mixing unit 10 have smelting laterite-nickel ores slag into
Mouth, the first ore phase reconstruction agent import and the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt, mixing unit 10 are used for smelting laterite-nickel ores slag first
First time ore phase reconstruction is carried out under the action of ore phase reconstruction agent to obtain reconstruct mineral acid salt, wherein the first ore phase reconstruction agent import
For supply acid as the first ore phase reconstruction agent；Roasting unit 20 is connected with the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt, and roasting unit 20 is used for
Successively reconstruct mineral acid salt is roasted, so that reconstruct mineral acid salt carries out ore phase reconstruction at least once；Washing unit 30 with
The outlet of roasting unit 20 is connected, and washing unit 30 has detergent inlet, the product of roasting for roasting unit 20 to be discharged
It is washed, obtains the leachate containing scandium element.
Mixing unit 10 in device provided by the present application, by mixing smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the first ore phase reconstruction agent
Close, destroy the mineral phase structure of scandium element carrier mineral so that smelting laterite-nickel ores metal in the dreg oxide be changed into it is corresponding
Simple sulfate or chlorate or nitrate etc. reconstruct mineral acid salt, realize the first time of smelting laterite-nickel ores metal in the dreg mine phase
Reconstruct, while also getting ready for subsequent restructuring procedure.Then reconstruct mineral acid salt enters the progress medium temperature of roasting unit 20
Roasting process, to realize restructuring procedure at least once.During medium temperature roast, mineral acid salt and foreign metal salt are reconstructed with laggard
Row pyrolysis, after pyrolysis, is converted into corresponding oxide ore phase.Simultaneously in the pyrolysis of reconstruct mineral salt and the pyrolysis of foreign metal salt
In the process, amount of heat can be absorbed, it is thus possible to the pyrolysis of scandium salts be inhibited to occur.Then product of roasting enters washing unit
30, it is washed to obtain the leachate containing scandium element.Therefore it can be realized using above-mentioned apparatus provided by the present application from laterite
The effect of efficient selective Leaching of Scandium element in nickel minerals metallurgical slag.
Be conducive to improve the leaching rate of scandium element in smelting laterite-nickel ores slag using above-mentioned apparatus provided by the present application.One
In kind preferred embodiment, above-mentioned roasting unit 20 include a reaction unit, reconstruct mineral salt in above-mentioned reaction unit
It is roasted, to realize ore phase reconstruction process again.
In another preferred embodiment, above-mentioned roasting unit 20 includes two or more reaction unit, and along reconstruct
The flow direction of mineral acid salt, the temperature in each reaction unit successively increase, thus ore phase reconstruction process twice after realizing.
In order to further increase the leaching rate of scandium element, in another preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, mixing list
Member 10 is additionally provided with the second ore phase reconstruction agent import, and the second ore phase reconstruction agent import is for supplying alkali metal inorganic salts and/or ammonium
Salt is as the second ore phase reconstruction agent；Above-mentioned roasting unit 20 includes: the second reaction unit 21 and first heater 22.Second is anti-
Device 21 is answered to be connected with the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt, for the mixture successively to reconstruct mineral acid salt and the second ore phase reconstruction agent
It carries out roasting for the first time and second roasts；First heater 22 is for heating the second reaction unit 21.Pass through
One heating device 22 carries out low-temperature bake and medium temperature roast to the mixture of reconstruct mineral acid salt and the second ore phase reconstruction agent respectively,
To realize second of ore phase reconstruction and third time ore phase reconstruction.
Preferably, first heater 22 is connected with flue gas waste heat recovery apparatus, the heat that will be recycled from flue gas
As heat source.
In order to realize continuous production, the time needed for shortening continuous processing, second of ore phase reconstruction is mutually overlapped with third time mine
Structure can carry out in two reaction units.In a kind of preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the second reaction unit 21 is used for
The reacting environment of first time roasting process is provided, to carry out second of restructuring procedure, roasting unit 20 further includes third reaction dress
Set 23 and secondary heating mechanism 24.Third reaction unit 23 is connected with the second reaction unit 21, roasts for the second time for providing
The reacting environment of journey, to carry out third time ore phase reconstruction process；Secondary heating mechanism 24 is used to carry out third reaction unit 23
Heating.
In a kind of preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, roasting unit 20 further includes pressure control device 25, pressure control device 25
For adjusting the pressure in third reaction unit 23.Medium temperature roast process can carry out under normal pressure and also under negative pressure into
Row.The pressure control device 25 is vacuum evacuation device or injection apparatus, and the pressure in third reaction unit 23 is negative pressure, this is conducive to
The temperature and calcining time for reducing roasting process, to be conducive to energy saving, while shortening process cycle, meanwhile, identical
Under maturing temperature and calcining time, medium temperature roast is carried out under negative pressure, is conducive to improve the decomposition efficiency in roasting process, in turn
Improve the leaching rate of subsequent scandium element.
For save the cost, waste of resource is avoided, while making full use of the material added in technical process, embodiment is preferred
Ground, third reaction unit 23 also have the outlet of regeneration reconstructors, and roasting unit 20 further includes ore phase reconstruction agent recyclable device, respectively
It is connected with the outlet of regeneration reconstructors and the second ore phase reconstruction agent import, for recycling the regeneration reconstruct of the generation of third reaction unit 23
Agent simultaneously returns it in mixing unit 10 as the second ore phase reconstruction agent of at least part.
During medium temperature roast, the pyrolytic process of double salt can generate tail gas, in order to avoid causing air pollution, in one kind
In preferred embodiment, third reaction unit 23 also has offgas outlet, and roasting unit 20 further includes device for recovering tail gas 26, tail
Gas recovering device 26 is connected with offgas outlet, for recycling the tail gas of the generation of third reaction unit 23.
In a kind of preferred embodiment, mixing unit 10 includes the first reaction unit 11, the first feeding device 12, second
Feeding device 13 and third feeding device 14, the first reaction unit 11 have the import of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, the first ore phase reconstruction
Agent import, the second ore phase reconstruction agent import and the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt, the first reaction unit 11 to first time mine for being mutually overlapped
Structure process provides reacting environment；First feeding device 12 is connected with smelting laterite-nickel ores slag import, for providing lateritic nickel ore smelting
Refine slag；Second feeding device 13 is connected with the first ore phase reconstruction agent import, for providing the first ore phase reconstruction agent；And third adds
Material device 14 is connected with the second ore phase reconstruction agent import, for providing the second ore phase reconstruction agent.
When handling smelting laterite-nickel ores slag using device provided by the present application, the first ore phase reconstruction agent and the second ore phase reconstruction
The order of addition of agent has no effect on the first time ore phase reconstruction in smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, therefore will not influence finally obtained
The leaching rate of scandium element in leachate can automatically adjust the order of addition of two kinds of ore phase reconstruction agent using above-mentioned apparatus.
In order to mix well smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the first ore phase reconstruction agent, to increase the complete of first time ore phase reconstruction
Cheng Du, while being mixed well with optional second ore phase reconstruction agent, standard is carried out for second of ore phase reconstruction and third time ore phase reconstruction
It is standby.In a kind of preferred embodiment, mixing unit 10 further includes the first agitating device, and the setting of the first agitating device is anti-first
It answers in device 11.
In a kind of preferred embodiment, washing unit 30 includes the 4th reaction unit 31, the second agitating device and the 4th
Feeding device 32, the 4th reaction unit 31 are connected with the outlet of roasting unit 20, and the 4th reaction unit 31 has detergent inlet；
Second agitating device is placed in the 4th reaction unit 31；And the 4th feeding device 32 be connected with detergent inlet, for the
Acid is provided in four reaction units 31.In above-mentioned washing unit 30, acid is added into the 4th reaction unit 31, to produce to the second roasting
Object is washed, and is conducive to improve scandium Elements Leaching rate in washing process under the stirring of the second agitating device.
In order to further shorten process cycle, while the leaching rate of scandium element in leachate is further increased, can control
The temperature of washing process.In a kind of preferred embodiment, washing unit 30 further include: third heating device 33, third heating
Device 33 is used to adjust the temperature in the 4th reaction unit 31.Preferably, third heating device 33 is thermostat, will be washed
Limit temperature in unit is in more constant range.
The application is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiments should not be understood as limitation originally
Apply for range claimed.
Smelting laterite-nickel ores slag raw material main component used in embodiment is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Element | Ni | Co | Al | Cr | Cu | Fe | Mg | Mn | Sc | Zn | Si |
| Content, wt% | 0.416 | 0.041 | 2.536 | 0.049 | 0.03 | 8.919 | 0.01 | 0.247 | 0.032 | 0.05 | 3.6 |
Embodiment 1
By smelting laterite-nickel ores slag or with the first ore phase reconstruction agent (9mol/L H2SO4) 1g:1mL mixing in proportion, it obtains
Reconstruct mineral acid salt.Smelting laterite-nickel ores slag chats is completed mutually to reconstruct for the first time.
With smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the second ore phase reconstruction agent (0.1mol Na2SO4Solution) amount ratio be 1g:1mL, will
Reconstruct mineral acid salt is mixed with the second ore phase reconstruction agent, then rises to 450 DEG C, and constant temperature 2h from room temperature with 10 DEG C/min,
To carry out second of restructuring procedure.Then low-temperature bake product is risen to 650 DEG C from 450 DEG C, and roasts 4h at 650 DEG C, with
Third time reconstruct is mutually carried out to smelting laterite-nickel ores slag mine, obtains medium temperature roast product.Cool to 300 DEG C after the completion of roasting with the furnace
Below.
Under stiring, in the ratio of solid-to-liquid ratio 1g:5mL, the sulfuric acid of medium temperature roast product and pH=3 is washed, is located
Temperature 60 C is managed, extraction time 30min, stirring intensity 300rpm obtain leachate.Above-mentioned leachate is analyzed,
The leaching rate of rare earth scandium element is 93wt%, and the leaching rate of ferro element is 2.2wt%, and the leaching rate of chromium is less than 1wt%, silicon
The leaching rate of element is less than 0.5wt%, and the leaching rate of aluminium element is less than 15wt%, realizes the efficient selective of valuable element scandium
It leaches.
Embodiment 2
1g:0.8mL is mixed in proportion for smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the first ore phase reconstruction agent, obtains reconstruct mine hydrochlorate, and first
Ore phase reconstruction agent is to analyze pure H2SO4With the mixed liquor for analyzing pure HCl solution, weight ratio 5:1.
Mineral acid salt will be reconstructed and rise to 450 DEG C from room temperature with 10 DEG C/min, and roast 2h at 450 DEG C, to laterite nickel
Mine metallurgical slag mine mutually carries out second of reconstruct, obtains low-temperature bake product.
Low-temperature bake product is increased to 680 DEG C from 450 DEG C, and roasts 1h at 680 DEG C, to smelting laterite-nickel ores slag
Mine mutually carries out third time reconstruct, obtains high-temperature roasting product, after the completion of roasting by high-temperature roasting product cool to the furnace 300 DEG C with
Under.
Under stiring, the sulfuric acid of high-temperature roasting product and pH=3 are washed by solid-to-liquid ratio 1g:5mL, treatment temperature 60
DEG C, extraction time 30min, stirring intensity 300rpm obtain leachate.Above-mentioned leachate is analyzed, scandium element
Leaching rate is 90wt%, and the leaching rate of ferro element is less than 1wt%, and the leaching rate of chromium is less than 1wt%, the leaching rate of element silicon
Less than 0.5wt%, the leaching rate of aluminium element is less than 15wt%, and the efficient selective for realizing valuable element scandium leaches.
Embodiment 3
With the difference of embodiment 1 are as follows: the temperature of medium temperature roast process is 400 DEG C.
The leaching rate of rare earth scandium element is 85wt%, and the leaching rate of ferro element is 1.90wt%, and the leaching rate of chromium is small
In 1wt%, the leaching rate of element silicon is less than 0.5wt%, and the leaching rate of aluminium element is less than 50wt%.
Embodiment 4
With the difference of embodiment 1 are as follows: smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the first ore phase reconstruction agent (9mol/L H2SO4) amount ratio
For 1g:0.3mL.
The leaching rate of rare earth scandium element is 87wt%, and the leaching rate of ferro element is 2.05wt%, and the leaching rate of chromium is
1wt%, the leaching rate of element silicon are 0.5wt%, and the leaching rate of aluminium element is less than 50wt%.
Embodiment 5
With the difference of embodiment 1 are as follows: the time of medium temperature roast process is 20min.
The leaching rate of rare earth scandium element is 88wt%, and the leaching rate of ferro element is 1.85wt%, and the leaching rate of chromium is small
In 1wt%, the leaching rate of element silicon is less than 0.5wt%, and the leaching rate of aluminium element is less than 50wt%.
Embodiment 6
With the difference of embodiment 1 are as follows: the temperature of washing process is 10 DEG C.
The leaching rate of rare earth scandium element is 92wt%, and the leaching rate of ferro element is 2.10wt%, and the leaching rate of chromium is small
In 1wt%, the leaching rate of element silicon is less than 0.5wt%, and the leaching rate of aluminium element is less than 10wt%.
Embodiment 7
With the difference of embodiment 1 are as follows: the weight of the second ore phase reconstruction agent needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is
0.005g。
The leaching rate of rare earth scandium element is 85wt%, and the leaching rate of ferro element is 2.1wt%, and the leaching rate of chromium is less than
1wt%, the leaching rate of element silicon are less than 0.5wt%, and the leaching rate of aluminium element is less than 15wt%.
Comparative example 1
With the difference of embodiment 1 are as follows: smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and sulfuric acid are directly carried out Leach reaction.
The leaching rate of rare earth scandium element is less than 70wt%, and the leaching rate of ferro element is 15.10wt%, the leaching rate of chromium
40wt%, the leaching rate of element silicon are 5.5wt%, and the leaching rate of aluminium element is less than 50wt%.
It can be seen from the above description that the above embodiments of the present invention realized the following chievements:
Comparing embodiment 1 to 7 and comparative example 1 using disengaging method provided by the present application it is found that be conducive to improve scandium element
Leaching rate.
Comparing embodiment 1 and 3 is it is found that the limit temperature of medium temperature roast process is conducive in the preferred range of the application
Improve the leaching rate of scandium element.
Comparing embodiment 1 and 4 is it is found that by smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the first ore phase reconstruction agent (9mol/L H2SO4) use
Measure the leaching rate for being conducive to improve scandium element in the range more preferred than being limited to the application.
Comparing embodiment 1 and 5 is conducive to it is found that the time of medium temperature roast process is limited in the preferred range of the application
Improve the leaching rate of scandium element.
Comparing embodiment 1 and 6 is it is found that the limit temperature of washing process is conducive to improve in the preferred range of the application
The purity of scandium element.
Comparing embodiment 1 and 7 is it is found that the weight of the second ore phase reconstruction agent needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag is limited
Be conducive to improve the leaching rate of scandium element in the preferred range of the application.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. a kind of method of the Selectively leaching scandium from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
The smelting laterite-nickel ores slag and the aqueous solution of the first ore phase reconstruction agent are mixed, reconstruct mineral acid salt, institute are obtained
Stating the first ore phase reconstruction agent includes acid；
By the reconstruct mineral acid salt into medium temperature roast, medium temperature roast product is obtained, the temperature of the medium temperature roast process is 500
~800 DEG C；And
The medium temperature roast product is washed, the leachate containing scandium is obtained.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the acid in the first ore phase reconstruction agent is selected from HCl, HNO3
And H2SO4One of or it is a variety of；
Preferably, concentration sour described in the first ore phase reconstruction agent is 0.5 times of pure concentration of analysis or more, every gram of laterite
The volume of the first ore phase reconstruction agent needed for nickel minerals metallurgical slag is 0.2~1.5mL；
It is highly preferred that concentration sour described in the first ore phase reconstruction agent is 0.5 times of pure concentration of analysis or more, every gram described red
The first ore phase reconstruction agent volume needed for native nickel minerals metallurgical slag is 0.5~1mL.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the reconstruct mineral acid salt is carried out the medium temperature roasting
Before burning process, the method also includes:
The reconstruct mineral salt and the second ore phase reconstruction agent are subjected to low-temperature bake process, obtain low-temperature bake product, it is described low
The temperature of warm roasting process is 100~500 DEG C, and the second ore phase reconstruction agent includes alkali metal inorganic salts and/or ammonium salt；
The low-temperature bake product is subjected to the medium temperature roast process, obtains the medium temperature roast product；
Preferably, the alkali metal inorganic salts in the second ore phase reconstruction agent are selected from Na2SO4、K2SO4、NaCl、KCl、
NaNO3And KNO3One of or it is a variety of；
Preferably, the ammonium salt in the second ore phase reconstruction agent is (NH4)2SO4And/or NH4HSO4。
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag
The weight of second ore phase reconstruction agent is 0.01~1g；Preferably, second mine needed for every gram of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag
The weight of phase reconstruction agent is 0.1~0.5g.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the time of the low-temperature bake process is 1~240min；It is excellent
Selection of land, the time of the medium temperature roast process are 10~240min.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the medium temperature roast process is alternating temperature process, it is preferable that institute
Stating the Cooling rate during medium temperature roast is 2~15 DEG C/min.
7. method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the medium temperature roast process is negative pressure roasting
Burning process.
8. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the low-temperature bake process is alternating temperature process；Preferably, institute
Stating the heating rate during low-temperature bake is 5~15 DEG C/min.
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein the washing process include: under stirring, will be described
The step of medium temperature roast material and detergent carry out leaching process；
Preferably, the detergent is the acid solution of pH2.5~3.2, and the corresponding acid solution of every gram of medium temperature roast material
Dosage be 2~15mL, extraction time be 10~240min, stirring intensity be 100~400rpm.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the temperature of the washing process is 15~90 DEG C.
11. a kind of device of the Selectively leaching scandium element from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, which is characterized in that described device includes:
Mixing unit (10) has the import of smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, the first ore phase reconstruction agent import and the outlet of reconstruct mineral acid salt,
The mixing unit (10) is mutually overlapped for smelting laterite-nickel ores slag to be carried out first time mine under the action of the first ore phase reconstruction agent
Structure is to obtain reconstruct mineral acid salt, wherein the first ore phase reconstruction agent import is for supply acid as first ore phase reconstruction
Agent；
Roasting unit (20), the roasting unit (20) are connected with reconstruct mineral acid salt outlet, the roasting unit (20)
For successively being roasted to the reconstruct mineral acid salt, so that the reconstruct mineral acid salt carries out ore phase reconstruction at least once；
Washing unit (30), the washing unit (30) are connected with the outlet of the roasting unit (20), the washing unit
(30) there is detergent inlet, the product of roasting for the roasting unit (20) to be discharged washs, and obtains containing described
The leachate of scandium element.
12. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 11 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In the mixing unit (10) is additionally provided with the second ore phase reconstruction agent import, and the second ore phase reconstruction agent import is for supplying
Alkali metal inorganic salts and/or ammonium salt are as the second ore phase reconstruction agent；
The roasting unit (20) includes:
Second reaction unit (21) is connected with reconstruct mineral acid salt outlet, for successively to the reconstruct mineral acid salt and
The mixture of the second ore phase reconstruction agent carries out roasting for the first time and second roasts；
First heater (22), for being heated to second reaction unit (21).
13. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 12 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In second reaction unit (21) is used to provide the described the reacting environment of first time roasting process, is reconstructed with carrying out second
Process, the roasting unit (20) further include:
Third reaction unit (23), the third reaction unit (23) is connected with second reaction unit (21), for providing
The reacting environment of second of roasting process, to carry out third time ore phase reconstruction process；
Secondary heating mechanism (24), for being heated to the third reaction unit (23).
14. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 13 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In the roasting unit (20) further include:
Pressure control device (25), the pressure control device (25) are used to adjust the pressure in the third reaction unit (23).
15. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 13 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In the third reaction unit (23) also has the outlet of regeneration reconstructors, the roasting unit (20) further include:
Ore phase reconstruction agent recyclable device is connected with regeneration reconstructors outlet and the second ore phase reconstruction agent import respectively,
Make for recycling the regeneration reconstructors of third reaction unit (23) generation and returning it in the mixing unit (10)
For at least part the second ore phase reconstruction agent.
16. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 15 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In the third reaction unit (23) also has offgas outlet, the roasting unit (20) further include:
Device for recovering tail gas (26), is connected with the offgas outlet, the tail generated for recycling the third reaction unit (23)
Gas.
17. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 11 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In mixing unit (10) described in smelting laterite-nickel ores slag includes:
First reaction unit (11), first reaction unit (11) have the smelting laterite-nickel ores slag import, described first
Ore phase reconstruction agent import, the second ore phase reconstruction agent import and reconstruct mineral acid salt outlet, first reaction unit (11)
For providing reacting environment to the first time ore phase reconstruction process；
First feeding device (12) is connected with the smelting laterite-nickel ores slag import, is used to provide the described smelting laterite-nickel ores slag；
Second feeding device (13) is connected with the first ore phase reconstruction agent import, is used to provide the described the first ore phase reconstruction agent；
And
Third feeding device (14) is connected with the second ore phase reconstruction agent import, is used to provide the described the second ore phase reconstruction agent.
18. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 17 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In the mixing unit (10) further includes the first agitating device, and first agitating device is arranged in first reaction unit
(11) in.
19. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 18 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In the washing unit (30) includes:
4th reaction unit (31), the 4th reaction unit (31) are connected with the outlet of the roasting unit (20), and described
Four reaction units (31) have the detergent inlet；
Second agitating device, second agitating device are placed in the 4th reaction unit (31)；And
4th feeding device (32), the 4th feeding device (32) are connected with the detergent inlet, are used for the described 4th
Acid is provided in reaction unit (31).
20. the device of the Selectively leaching scandium element according to claim 19 from smelting laterite-nickel ores slag, feature exist
In the washing unit (30) further include: third heating device (33), the third heating device (33) is for adjusting described the
Temperature in four reaction units (31).
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