Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an improved preparation method of a triazole compound, which adopts a formula III as a main raw material to carry out substitution reaction with a formula IV under an alkaline condition to synthesize the triazole compound shown in a formula V. The product has high yield, high purity, no pollution, environmental protection and suitability for modern industrial production.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a triazole compound shown in the following formula V is provided, and the reaction route is as follows:
wherein:
R1selected from F, Cl, Br, I, Ra-S(=O)-O-,RbSO3-,-N+≡N,-NRcRdReOR-ORf;Ra、RbEach independently selected from-CH3,-CF3,-CF2H or phenyl; ra、RbMay be the same or different; rc、Rd、ReEach independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6Alkyl, acyl, ester, dialkyl or amide groups, RfIs selected from C1-C6An alkyl group;
R2is selected from-OH, -ORg,-NRhRior-SRj;RgIs selected from C1-C6An alkyl group; rh、RiEach independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6Alkyl, acyl, ester, dialkyl or amide groups, RjSelected from hydrogen, alkyl, ester or phenyl;
R3selected from H, -CORk,-CN,-SO2Rl,-SORm,-PORnR°Rp-NO, or-NO2;Rk、Rl、RmEach independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6Alkyl, phenyl or heteroaryl; rn、R°、RpEach independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6Alkyl, acyl, ester or dialkyl;
R4、R5each independently selected from H, -COOH, -COORq,-CN,-OH,-SH,-SRs,-NH2,-N+≡N,-S-S-Rtor-CORu;Rq、Rs、RtEach independently selected from C1-C6An alkyl group; r4、R5The same or different;
R6、R7、R8、R9、R10each independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, -NO2,-ORv,-NH2,-N+N, heterocyclic substituents or-NH2;RvIs selected from C1-C6Alkyl radical, C2-C6Alkenyl radical, C2-C6Alkynyl or unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbyl, aromatic hydrocarbyl or aromatic hydrocarbyl substituents;
x is selected from H, Cl, Br, I, F, -ORw,-NRx,-SRy,-OCORzImidazolyl, an N-containing heterocycle, or a sulfur-containing heterocycle.
Further, said C of the present invention1-C6The alkyl group can be a straight chain alkyl group, a straight chain alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group; in particular, it may be chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl.
In some embodiments of the invention, R1、R2Each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -OCH3or-OCH2CH3;R3Selected from-OH and-OCH3or-OCH2CH3。
In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound represented by formula I is selected from methyl haloacetate, ethyl haloacetate, methyl 2-haloacetoacetate, ethyl 2-haloacetoacetate, dimethyl halomalonate, ethyl halomalonate, methyl cyanoacetate or ethyl cyanoacetate, methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, and ethyl ethoxyacetate.
In some embodiments of the invention, R4、R5Each independently selected from H, -COOH, -CN, -OH, -SH, -NH2or-N+≡N。
In some embodiments of the invention, R6、R7、R8、R9、R10Each independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, -NO2,-NH2,-N+N, or-NH2(ii) a X is selected from H, Cl, Br, I or F.
In some embodiments of the invention, R1、X、R8、R10Each independently is Cl or F; r2is-ORg,RgIs selected from C1-C6An alkyl group; preferably, RgIs methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl; r3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R9Each independently is H.
Further, the compound shown in the formula III is used as a main raw material to perform substitution reaction with the compound shown in the formula IV under the alkaline condition, so that the triazole compound shown in the formula V can be prepared. The alkali is preferably any one or a combination of several of sodium hydrogen, triethylamine, N-dimethylaniline, DBU, diisopropylethylamine, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide.
Specifically, the preparation method of the triazole compound shown in the formula V comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of a compound of formula III:
stirring and mixing the compound shown in the formula II, an acid-binding agent and a solvent at a certain temperature, slowly dropwise adding the compound shown in the formula I, carrying out heat preservation reaction, and recovering the solvent.
Preferably, the compound represented by the formula I is selected from any one of methyl haloacetate, ethyl haloacetate, methyl 2-haloacetoacetate, ethyl 2-haloacetoacetate, dimethyl halomalonate, ethyl halomalonate, methyl cyanoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate and the like.
Preferably, the acid-binding agent is any one or a combination of more of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, DBU (1, 8-diazabicycloundecen-7-ene), triethylamine, N-dimethylaniline and diisopropylethylamine, and preferably is potassium carbonate. Researches find that the reaction rate can be remarkably improved by using the acid-binding agent.
Preferably, the solvent is methanol, acetonitrile, toluene or DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide), more preferably acetonitrile. Research finds that the reaction selectivity can be remarkably improved by using the solvent.
Preferably, the stirring and mixing temperature is 0-30 ℃;
preferably, the temperature of the heat preservation reaction is 0-120 ℃, and more preferably 0-30 ℃; studies have found that by-product production can be significantly reduced at this preferred temperature.
Preferably, the incubation reaction time is 6 to 12 hours, more preferably 8 to 10 hours.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the compound shown in the formula II to the compound shown in the formula I to the acid binding agent is 1 (1.1-2): (1.1-2), more preferably 1 (1.1-1.5): (1.1-1.5);
2) preparation of a Compound of formula V:
stirring and mixing a compound shown as a formula III, alkali and a solvent at a certain temperature, slowly dropwise adding a compound shown as a formula IV dissolved in the solvent under the protection of nitrogen, carrying out heat preservation reaction, adding water, standing for layering, recovering an organic phase, and removing the solvent to obtain the compound shown as the formula III;
preferably, the solvent is any one or more of toluene, THF (tetrahydrofuran), methyltetrahydrofuran, benzene, DMF, DMAC, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, cyclohexane and xylene. The research finds that the reaction yield can be obviously improved by selecting the solvents.
Preferably, the base is any one or a combination of several of sodium hydrogen, triethylamine, N-dimethylaniline, DBU, diisopropylethylamine, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide, and more preferably sodium hydrogen or triethylamine.
Preferably, the stirring and mixing temperature and the heat preservation reaction temperature are respectively-15 to 20 ℃, and more preferably 5 to 10 ℃;
preferably, the reaction time is 1-6h, more preferably 2-4 h;
preferably, the molar ratio of the compound shown in the formula III to the compound shown in the formula IV to the base is 1 (1.0-1.5) to (3-5), and more preferably 1 (1.1-1.2) to (2.5-3).
The invention has the following advantages:
1) the acid-binding agent, the alkali and the solvent are easy to recycle and reuse;
2) the method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high yield and low requirement on equipment;
3) no pollution, environmental protection, and suitability for modern industrial production.