CN109774120A - The 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive - Google Patents
The 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The 4D Method of printing of the invention discloses a kind of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive.Selected shape memory polymer material repeats stacking with double-layer structure from the bottom up and is printed, double-layer structure is made of two groups of different blank map pattern layer printing arrangement stacked on top of one another, each single layer in every group of blank map pattern layer prints to identical filling pattern, upper and lower blank map pattern layer is triangle line and wiggle pattern, the textured pattern that triangle line pattern is made of the non-parallel arrangement that intersects of three groups of linear arrays, wiggle textured pattern as made of one group of sine curve array；Accurate temperature heating completes crude product deformation 4D deformation.The present invention overcomes the 4D printed materials of current temperature driving to prepare difficulty, to the problem of small-power deformation response degree difference, the fusion sediment 4D Method of printing by design parameter programming without manufacturing special-thread is realized, the complicated processes that 4D printing technique prepares material are breached.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of 4D Method of printings in intellectual material 4D printing field, are based on temperature more particularly, to a kind of
The 4D Method of printing of the triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure of response, realizing can be programmable special without manufacturing by design parameter
The fusion sediment 4D Method of printing of different wire rod.
Background technique
As the materials processing technology developed based on Intellisense material, the preparation for traditional deformable material is mentioned for 4D printing
It has supplied to break through the new approaches limited to.For bending deformation, due to the heterogeneity meeting of workpiece volume through-thickness shrinkage degree
Cause the crooked behavior of multilayer material, 4D printing is commonly designed the multilayered structure for there are different responses to different structure.Conventional 4D
Print deformation process is generally by two kinds of ways of realization: 1. take different materials to constitute two layers of workpiece, pass through the excitation of equal extent
Means (magnetic, heat, biological response) reach the deformation effect of 4D via two layers of workpiece different strain-responsive.2. taking a kind of material
Material constitutes workpiece entirety, via different degrees of exciting means, reaches 4D print deformation effect.
Have the function of that the workpiece of Premium Features or equipment are usually needed in conjunction with complicated 3D shape and inducement structure unit.
Most technologies currently used for creating functional structure can only work in the plane.In the past few years, due to various elder generations
Into material occur, the application range of shape-memory material extended.Shape-memory polymer can be via low temperature glass
The effect of shape memory is realized in conversion between state and super heated rubber state, and polymer at this time has self-healing property, can be passed through
The state when load of temperature restores to a certain extent to first time through extrusion forming, the various technologies for proposition of taking this as a foundation
Usually require multiple making steps and special material.
The space layout that 3D printing provides a kind of active active element realizes shape switch technology, wherein especially with the more of precision
Material printing is representative, can be used to combine different materials, realize Multiple Shape or reversible deformation by polymer.Respectively to
Anisotropic additive (such as expansion ratio or rigidity) can be printed by 3D printing technique, to realize the deformation process of 4D printing.It proposes most
First planar structure, after obtaining corresponding triggering, their shape will be changed to preset 3D shape, to make table
The relevant function in face is combined with complicated 3D shape.There is shortcomings for 4D deformation under system at present, in molding speed
It is high to the process equipment requirement of workpiece when spending fast, need to carry out complicated workpiece planning.And when requiring low to process equipment,
Shaping speed is again excessively slow.In reality scene, often demand overcomes both defect scenes.Therefore a kind of pair of process equipment is needed
The 4D Method of printing of rapid deformation is able to carry out while of less demanding.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art and Improvement requirement, the invention proposes a kind of programmable bilayer based on temperature-responsive
The 4D Method of printing of shape memory structure, including the design and preparation of the double-deck shape memory structure.
The method of the present invention is a single step print procedure, it is only necessary to a fusion sediment 3D printer and polymer material,
Autofolding and unstable pop-up based on material, and the sequence realized by programming deforms, it can be achieved that with unprecedented extension
The 3D shape in space has the characteristics that simple and multi-functional.
To realize above process, according to the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1) wire rod of the selected shape memory polymer material as printing, according to the product model that need to be printed according to lower section
Formula carries out 3D printing: repeating stacking from the bottom up with double-layer structure and is printed, double-layer structure is mainly by two groups of different fillings
Pattern layer printing arrangement stacked on top of one another is constituted, and blank map pattern layer includes multiple single layers, each single layer in every group of blank map pattern layer
Identical filling pattern is printed to, single layer corresponds to one layer of slice when 3D printing, and the blank map pattern layer of top is triangle line
Pattern, the blank map pattern layer of lower section are wiggle pattern；Triangle line pattern is by three groups of non-parallel rows of intersecting of linear array
The textured pattern that cloth is constituted, linear array are made of a plurality of straight line of parallel arrangement at equal intervals, and wiggle pattern is by one group of sine
Textured pattern made of curve pattern, by a plurality of sine curve, parallel arrangement straight line is constituted sine curve array at equal intervals；
2) after 3D printing, the crude product that printing obtains is removed, carries out accurate temperature heating so that crude product is square according to the rules
Formula deformation waits the cooling 4D print procedure of workpiece to be fully completed, obtains 4D printed product until 4D deformation is fully finished.
4D of the present invention print made of product repeat to constitute from the bottom up by double-layer structure, wherein one layer by identical triangle line
Pattern multiple stacking is made, and another layer is made of wiggle pattern multiple-layer stacked, triangle lamina and wiggle layers of thickness proportion
It can be adjusted in 1:4 to 4:1.
Different double-layer structure and printing technology parameter structure are chosen according to the product model design that need to be printed when printing, gone forward side by side
Row slice setting is to obtain printed product of different shapes.
It is adjusted when printing according to arrangement different in the product model design construction filling pattern that need to be printed last accurate
The different 4D deformed shapes of temperature heating.Different arrangements refers to that the printing angle of linear array in triangle line pattern is different, print
Brush angle is substantially rectilinear direction and prints the angle between coordinate system trunnion axis.
Specific embodiment are as follows: the printing angle of sine curve array in wiggle pattern is set in 0 degree or 90 degree,
Product after realizing temperature heating is around the rotary shaft circular arc bending deformation for being parallel to printing coordinate system trunnion axis.45 ± 22.5 degree of phases
Bending deformation degree than 0 ± 22.5 degree and 90 ± 22.5 degree is bigger.
The 3D printing is printed to fusion sediment 3D printer, needs to cool down after printing.
When printing not according to the different printing technology parameter coordination filling pattern of the product model design construction that need to be printed
The different 4D deformation extents of last accurate temperature heating are adjusted with arrangement.Printing technology parameter refers to printing when 3D printing
Excitation temperature b when line width l, printable layer high h and printing nozzle temperature a and accurate temperature heat, excitation temperature b are as accurate
The heating temperature of temperature heating.
The 4D deformation extent is by the four of printing line width l, the high h of printable layer and printing nozzle temperature a and excitation temperature b
A printing technology state modulator.
The printing line width l setting range is 0.25mm-0.8mm, and the high h of printable layer is 50 μm -200 μm, described
Nozzle temperature a is 195 DEG C -240 DEG C when printing, and the excitation temperature b is 65 DEG C -95 DEG C.It can finally make transverse and longitudinal strain can
The range reached is 0.04-0.25
The accurate temperature heating is the mode using heating water bath, and solution composition is distilled water, to the temperature of aqueous solution
Degree is accurately controlled, and the temperature of heating process is made to stablize the excitation temperature b in setting.
The shape memory polymer material uses stress-strain response performance good polylactic acid shape memory material when being heated
Material.
During method is implemented, one of the principal mode that 3D printing is fusion sediment 3D printing is carried out using polymer wire.It beats
When the nozzle of print machine carries out extruding wire vent, polymer material completes first deformation process, and in cooling procedure, material carries out shape
The first stage of memory, when heating again to molding workpiece, printing silk will restore to a certain extent to when squeezing through wire drawing
State, pass through the shape recovery process superposition realize 4D printing deformation process.
The present invention is edited by each structural parameters and technological parameter to model to design the mould for meeting expected deformation
Type, and crude product model is made 3D printer and realizes the process that 4D is printed by way of accurately being heated to material.
Through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. institute of the invention is in the 4D print structure of the programmable bilayer shape memory structure of temperature-responsive, main application
The shape memory characteristic of polymer material, polymer material has processing performance good, low in cost to require low advantage.
2. the present invention prints polymer material using the method that the 4D of fused glass pellet is printed, with aquogel type material 4D
Method of printing is compared, and shaping speed is fast, and processing request is low, does not need extremely special shooting condition and manufacturing equipment；
3. the present invention prints polymer material using the method that the 4D of fused glass pellet is printed, beaten with the 4D of magnetoelectricity technique
Print ratio, reduces production cost, simplifies the production technology of material, shortens the manufacturing cycle, realizes the one of structure and function
Bodyization manufacture.
The present invention overcomes the 4D printed materials of current temperature driving to prepare difficulty, to small-power deformation response degree difference
Problem realizes the fusion sediment 4D Method of printing by design parameter programming without manufacturing special-thread, breaches 4D printing
Technology prepares the complicated processes of material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is triangle line pattern arrangement schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is wiggle pattern arrangement schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the strain effects figure of print temperature different when poly-lactic acid material triangle line-wiggle is combined；
Fig. 4 is the strain effects figure of excitation temperature different when poly-lactic acid material triangle line-wiggle is combined；
Fig. 5 is the high strain effects figure of printable layer different when poly-lactic acid material triangle line-wiggle is combined；
Fig. 6 is the strain effects figure of printing line width different when poly-lactic acid material triangle line-wiggle is combined；
Fig. 7 is the strain effects figure of thickness ratio different when poly-lactic acid material triangle line-wiggle is combined；
Fig. 8 is the Structural assignments schematic diagram of two different filling patterns used by workpiece in embodiment 1；
Fig. 9 is the deformation process front and back comparison diagram of workpiece in embodiment 1；
Figure 10 is the Structural assignments schematic diagram of two different filling patterns used by workpiece in embodiment 2；
Figure 11 is the deformation process front and back comparison diagram of workpiece in embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Specific implementation process of the present invention are as follows:
1) wire rod of the selected shape memory polymer material as printing, according to the product model that need to be printed according to lower section
Formula carries out 3D printing: repeating stacking from the bottom up with double-layer structure and is printed, double-layer structure is mainly by two groups of different fillings
Pattern layer printing arrangement stacked on top of one another is constituted, and blank map pattern layer includes multiple single layers, each single layer in every group of blank map pattern layer
Identical filling pattern is printed to, single layer corresponds to one layer of slice when 3D printing, and the blank map pattern layer of top is triangle line
Pattern, the blank map pattern layer of lower section are wiggle pattern.
As shown in Figure 1, triangle line pattern is the textured pattern being made of the non-parallel arrangement that intersects of three groups of linear arrays,
Correspondence straight line intersection in pattern in three groups of linear arrays forms the close-packed array arrangement shape of equilateral triangle in same point；Such as figure
Shown in 2, wiggle pattern is the textured pattern as made of one group of sine curve array, and sine curve array is by a plurality of sine curve
Parallel arrangement straight line is constituted at equal intervals, and sinusoidal place axis of reference is parallel.
The single layer number of plies in the blank map pattern layer of triangle line pattern and the single layer layer in the blank map pattern layer of wiggle pattern
Number can be the same or different.
2) after 3D printing, the crude product that printing obtains is removed, carries out accurate temperature heating so that crude product is square according to the rules
Formula deformation, the mode of specifically used heating water bath, solution composition is distilled water, and the temperature of heating process is made to stablize the essence in setting
True excitation temperature b.4D printed product is obtained after deformation.
Specifically, the intersecting angle between the every two groups of linear arrays of triangle line pattern is adjusted at 0-90 °, triangle line pattern two
The printing angle θ of group linear array is to adjust at 0-180 °, and printing angle is substantially rectilinear direction and printing coordinate system trunnion axis
Between angle；The axis of reference printing angle θ of wiggle line pattern sine curve array can be adjusted at 0-180 °, print angle
Angle between axis of reference where degree is substantially sine curve and printing coordinate system trunnion axis.
The printing angle of sine curve array in wiggle pattern is set within the scope of 0 degree or 90 degree, realizes temperature heating
Product afterwards is around the rotary shaft circular arc bending deformation for being parallel to printing coordinate system trunnion axis.45 ± 22.5 degree are compared 0 ± 22.5 degree
Bending deformation degree with 90 ± 22.5 degree is bigger.
4D deformation extent is beaten by four of printing line width l, printable layer high h and printing nozzle temperature a and excitation temperature b
Print process parameter control.It is bigger to print line width l more large deformation, it is smaller that the high h of printable layer gets over large deformation, printing nozzle temperature
The degree higher deformation extent of a is smaller, and excitation temperature b is higher, and deformation extent is bigger.
Printing line width l setting range is 0.25mm-0.8mm, and the high h of printable layer is 50 μm -200 μm, when the printing
Nozzle temperature a is 195 DEG C -240 DEG C, and the excitation temperature b is 65 DEG C -95 DEG C.In specific implementation, printing line width l can set model
It encloses for 0.25mm-0.8mm.
Can finally make transverse and longitudinal strain accessible range is 0.04-0.25.
It is different according to the filling pattern of each single layer of the double-deck result before product printing, to the filling pattern of each single layer
Excitation temperature b when printing line width l, printable layer high h and printing nozzle temperature a in 3D printing and accurate temperature heat into
Row setting and pre-programmed, so that finally achieving product strain is rapidly achieved desired effect.
Each printing technology parameter is tested by single factor test when specific implementation, it is corresponding to obtain each printing technology parameter
4D heat distortion result.
It is remained unchanged in other four printing technology parameters and in the case where identical double-layer structure 3D printing, to print temperature
It is adjusted the corresponding deformation extent of the different print temperatures of variation acquisition, as shown in figure 3, the point in figure on visible solid line is this dozen
It can reach the maximum value of strain (ordinate) under print temperature (abscissa), the point on dotted line is can under the print temperature (abscissa)
Reach the minimum value of strain (ordinate), is the achievable range of strain of corresponding print temperature between two lines.
It is remained unchanged in other four printing technology parameters and in the case where identical double-layer structure 3D printing, to excitation temperature
It is adjusted the corresponding deformation extent of the different print temperatures of variation acquisition, as shown in figure 4, the point in figure on visible solid line is this dozen
It can reach the maximum value of strain (ordinate) under print temperature (abscissa), the point on dotted line is can under the print temperature (abscissa)
Reach the minimum value of strain (ordinate), is the achievable range of strain of corresponding excitation temperature between two lines.
It is remained unchanged in other four printing technology parameters and in the case where identical double-layer structure 3D printing, to printable layer height
It is adjusted variation and obtains the high corresponding deformation extent of different printable layers, as shown in figure 5, the point in figure on visible solid line is this dozen
It can reach the maximum value of strain (ordinate) under print layer high (abscissa), the point on dotted line is can under the printable layer high (abscissa)
Reach the minimum value of strain (ordinate), is the high achievable range of strain of corresponding printable layer between two lines.
It is remained unchanged in other four printing technology parameters and in the case where identical double-layer structure 3D printing, to printing line width
It is adjusted the corresponding deformation extent of the different printing line widths of variation acquisition, as shown in fig. 6, the point in figure on visible solid line is this dozen
It can reach the maximum value of strain (ordinate) under print line width (abscissa), the point on dotted line is can under the printing line width (abscissa)
Reach the minimum value of strain (ordinate), is the corresponding printing achievable range of strain of line width between two lines.
It is remained unchanged in other four printing technology parameters and in the case where identical double-layer structure 3D printing, to double-layer structure
Thickness ratio be adjusted variation obtain different-thickness than corresponding deformation extent, as shown in fig. 7, the point in figure on visible solid line
It is the maximum value that can reach strain (ordinate) under the thickness ratio (abscissa), the point on dotted line is the thickness ratio (abscissa)
Under can reach the minimum value of strain (ordinate), be corresponding thickness than achievable range of strain between two lines.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
Embodiment 1
(1) the double-deck workpiece threedimensional model for carrying out 4D printing using polymer is established first with 3 d modeling software, is produced
Product workpiece size is 10*40*1.5mm3, it is 0.21 that workpiece deformation, which is intended to transverse strain, longitudinal strain 0.12.
(2) polylactic acid is selected as 3D printing shape-memory material, and layering is carried out to threedimensional model using Slice Software and is cut
Piece processing sets its printable layer height and printing line width according to the deformation for wanting to reach, and selected line width is 0.4mm, selected
A height of 50 μm of layer.The upper layer of workpiece using 3 groups of straight line intersecting angles of 150 single layers is 60 °, printing angle is respectively 0 °,
60 ° and 120 ° of triangle line pattern, lower layer using the printing angle of 150 single layers be 90 °, made of sine curve array
Wiggle pattern, as shown in figure 8, two layers of thickness proportion is 1:1, hierarchy slicing processing result and each section identified input
Into computer control system；
(3) selecting print temperature at this time is 195 DEG C, is exported by Slice Software to fusion sediment 3D printing machining center,
3D printing process is carried out, and waits workpiece cooling；
(4) heating of accurate temperature is carried out to workpiece after cooling, selected excitation temperature is 85 DEG C, until need to carry out
4D deformation is fully finished.It waits workpiece to cool down 4D print procedure again to be fully completed, workpiece is added during Fig. 9 is the 4D
Comparison diagram before and after thermal excitation, the left figure of Fig. 9 are before exciting, and the right figure of Fig. 9 is after exciting, to realize around perpendicular to coordinate system water
The rotary shaft Deformation of helical of flat axis, preparation overall process only needs 24min, when substantially reducing production compared to traditional prints
Between.
Embodiment 2
(1) the double-deck workpiece threedimensional model for carrying out 4D printing using polymer is established first with 3 d modeling software, is produced
Product workpiece size is 10*40*1.5mm3, it is 0.20 that workpiece deformation, which is intended to transverse strain, longitudinal strain 0.11.
(2) polylactic acid is selected as 3D printing shape-memory material, and layering is carried out to threedimensional model using Slice Software and is cut
Piece processing sets its printable layer height and printing line width according to the deformation for wanting to reach, and selected line width is 0.4mm, selected
A height of 50 μm of layer.The upper layer of workpiece using 3 groups of straight line intersecting angles of 150 single layers is 60 °, printing angle is respectively 0 °,
60 ° and 120 ° of triangle line pattern, lower layer using the printing angle of 150 single layers be 45 °, made of sine curve array
Wiggle pattern, as shown in Figure 10, two layers of thickness proportion is 1:1, and hierarchy slicing processing result and each section identified are defeated
Enter into computer control system；
(3) selecting print temperature at this time is 195 DEG C, is exported by Slice Software to fusion sediment 3D printing machining center,
3D printing process is carried out, and waits workpiece cooling；
(4) heating of accurate temperature is carried out to workpiece after cooling, selected excitation temperature is 85 DEG C, until need to carry out
4D deformation is fully finished.It waits workpiece to cool down 4D print procedure again to be fully completed, workpiece is heated during Figure 11 4D
The comparison diagram of front and back is excited, the left figure of Figure 11 is after Figure 11 right figure is heating, to realize around perpendicular to coordinate system level before exciting
The rotary shaft Deformation of helical of axis, preparation overall process only need 24min, substantially reduce the production time.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of 4D Method of printing of the triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive, it is characterised in that including following
Step:
1) selected shape memory polymer material as printing wire rod, according to the product model that need to be printed in the following way into
Row 3D printing: it repeats stacking from the bottom up with double-layer structure and is printed, double-layer structure is by two groups of different blank map pattern layer
Lower stacking printing arrangement is constituted, and blank map pattern layer includes multiple single layers, and each single layer in every group of blank map pattern layer prints to
Identical filling pattern, single layer correspond to one layer of slice when 3D printing, and the blank map pattern layer of top is triangle line pattern, lower section
Blank map pattern layer be wiggle pattern；Triangle line pattern is the line being made of the non-parallel arrangement that intersects of three groups of linear arrays
Manage pattern, linear array is made of a plurality of straight line of parallel arrangement at equal intervals, wiggle pattern be by one group of sine curve array and
At textured pattern, by a plurality of sine curve, parallel arrangement straight line is constituted sine curve array at equal intervals；
2) after 3D printing, the crude product that printing obtains is removed, carries out accurate temperature heating so that crude product becomes according to regulation mode
Shape obtains 4D printed product until 4D deformation is fully finished.
2. a kind of 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: adjusting last essence according to arrangement different in the product model design construction filling pattern that need to be printed when printing
The different 4D deformed shapes of true temperature heating.
3. a kind of 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive according to claim 2,
It is characterized by: the printing angle of sine curve array is in 0 degree or 90 degree in setting wiggle pattern, after realizing temperature heating
Product around be parallel to printing coordinate system trunnion axis rotary shaft circular arc bending deformation.
4. a kind of 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: according to the different printing technology parameter coordination filling pattern of the product model design construction that need to be printed when printing
Difference arranges to adjust the different 4D deformation extents of last accurate temperature heating.
5. a kind of 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive according to claim 4,
It is characterized by: the 4D deformation extent is by printing line width l, printable layer high h and printing nozzle temperature a and excitation temperature b
Four printing technology state modulators.
6. a kind of 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive according to claim 5,
It is characterized by: the printing line width l setting range is 0.25mm-0.8mm, the high h of printable layer is 50 μm -200 μm, institute
Nozzle temperature a is 195 DEG C -240 DEG C when stating printing, and the excitation temperature b is 65 DEG C -95 DEG C.
7. a kind of 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the accurate temperature heating is the mode using heating water bath, the temperature of aqueous solution is accurately controlled,
The temperature of heating process is set to stablize the excitation temperature b in setting.
8. a kind of 4D Method of printing of triangle line-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the shape memory polymer material uses polylactic acid shape-memory material.
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| CN113601845A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 浙江大学 | 4D printing method for deformation-controllable polylactic acid spiral structure |
| CN114290664A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-08 | 浙大城市学院 | 3D printing self-bending formed spring and manufacturing method |
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Application publication date: 20190521 |
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