CN109772988B - Method for adjusting offset of spinning wheel for offset spinning of cylindrical part - Google Patents

Method for adjusting offset of spinning wheel for offset spinning of cylindrical part Download PDF

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CN109772988B
CN109772988B CN201811592677.3A CN201811592677A CN109772988B CN 109772988 B CN109772988 B CN 109772988B CN 201811592677 A CN201811592677 A CN 201811592677A CN 109772988 B CN109772988 B CN 109772988B
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spinning
wheel
offset
blank
wheels
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杨延涛
写旭
曹学文
杨东浩
杨建峰
赵琳瑜
王少奇
牟少正
王鹏伟
白小雷
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Xi'an Spaceflight Power Machinery Co ltd
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Abstract

On the basis of fully considering blank stress balance, the method accurately determines the axial offset of the spinning wheel according to the shape and size of the spinning blank and the first pressing amount to overcome the defects of the prior art, avoids blindness and uncertainty in adjusting the axial offset of the spinning wheel, ensures that the spinning wheel can be simultaneously contacted with the blank when spinning is started, and improves the stability and the forming precision of the barrel-shaped offset spinning. Tests prove that the offset adjustment method disclosed by the invention axially adjusts the spinning wheel, then performs spinning, and the result shows that: the linearity of the cylindrical part is improved by about 10%, the wall thickness difference is reduced by about 5%, and the effective use length is increased by about 5%.

Description

Method for adjusting offset of spinning wheel for offset spinning of cylindrical part
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for adjusting the offset of a spinning wheel during offset spinning processing of a cylindrical part, belonging to the technical field of manufacturing of thin-wall revolving body metal components.
Background
The spinning forming technology is an advanced manufacturing technology, and finishes the processing of a workpiece by rotating to enable stress points of the workpiece to be in line from point to line and then in plane from line to plane and simultaneously applying certain pressure in a certain direction to enable a metal material to deform and flow in a specific direction. The spinning technology is an advanced manufacturing technology which integrates the technical characteristics of forging, extruding, drawing, ring rolling, rolling and the like, compared with turning, the spinning technology solves the problems of low rigidity, large vibration, low precision and the like existing in the process of machining thin-wall revolving parts, and is widely applied to the field of aerospace. Such as metal shells of solid rocket engines, tanks of rockets, missiles and the like, fuel tanks of airplanes, gas cylinder linings and the like.
With the development of aerospace industry, some novel aircrafts put forward more demands on light and high-strength thin-wall revolving body parts so as to meet the requirements of high maneuverability, long range and the like, and meanwhile, the novel military revolution makes the high-efficiency and low-cost manufacturing of weaponry become a consensus of industry development. The spinning forming technology is adopted to process the parts, so that the service life of the product can be prolonged, the utilization rate of materials can be greatly improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
At present, the common processing modes in the spinning processing field are divided into synchronous spinning and staggered spinning. The synchronous spinning means that the centers of two or more spinning rollers are positioned on the same cross section (the spinning rollers have the same specification), and the staggered spinning means that the two or more spinning rollers are staggered for a certain distance in the axial direction and the radial direction, and the rolling reduction of one process is distributed to a plurality of spinning rollers to be respectively borne. Compared with synchronous spinning, the staggered spinning improves the state of a deformation area, solves the problems of narrow technological parameters and narrow adaptation range of the profile of the spinning wheel during the large-reduction spinning of a thick-wall blank, is an effective method for improving the production efficiency and the workpiece quality, and is widely applied to actual production.
As mentioned above, offset spinning is the combination of several spinning wheels used together, however this is a combination of applications, rather than securing them togetherrThe radius r of the rotary wheel, the withdrawal angle β and the like), the mutual position between the rotary wheels, the radial pressing amount and distribution, the axial offset amount, the circumferential distribution condition of the rotary wheels and the like, and the like.
The reduction Δ T per pass is generally determined by the process flow, the workpiece structure, the wall thickness of the pre-spun blank and the function of the apparatus. When offset spinning is adopted, the radial pressing amount of each spinning wheel is distributed by two methods: one is equal distribution, namely 1/m (m is the number of the rotary wheels) is taken; the second is unequal distribution, namely, the radial force borne by each spinning wheel is approximately equal according to the molded surface of each spinning wheel and the blank strengthening condition estimation. The first method is convenient to implement and high in practicability; in the second method, the blank has good stress balance and high spinning precision, but the process of calculating the rolling reduction distribution is troublesome.
The invention creation of Beijing aviation manufacturing engineering research of China aviation industry group company with publication number CN103264263A discloses a technological method of offset spinning cylindrical parts, which mainly explains the steps of offset spinning, and particularly provides a synchronous feed mode which can effectively reduce the bending moment borne by a main shaft, ensure the precision of the main shaft to be unchanged and prolong the service life of the main shaft, but the technological method does not explain how to adjust the offset of each spinning wheel in the axial direction. The invention discloses a method for reversely spinning the wheel offset in the invention with the publication number of CN108127014A by the Xian aerospace power machinery Limited company, which only aims at reversely spinning the wheel offset by adopting a coreless die, and the given method for adjusting the axial offset of front and rear two pairs of wheels is only a range, so that the axial offset of a spinning wheel cannot be accurately determined according to the actual size of a blank and spinning parameters. The invention discloses an asynchronous stagger spinning processing method in the invention creation with the publication number of CN105414297A by the Xian aerospace power machinery Limited company, wherein the feeding speeds of a front spinning wheel and a rear spinning wheel are asynchronous, and tension spinning is formed by artificially manufacturing pulling force in a deformation area between the two spinning wheels, so that the axial flow condition of metal is improved, and the forming precision of a workpiece is improved. In the field of spinning forming, a great deal of experience and data show that the stability of metal deformation during spinning has important influence on the forming precision and quality of the whole workpiece, and the deformation during spinning is unstable, so that the overall precision of the workpiece is deteriorated, and the effective length of the workpiece is shortened, therefore, the improvement of the stability during spinning forming has positive significance for improving the forming quality of the whole workpiece. In order to improve the stability during the spinning and avoid overlarge spinning pressure during the spinning so as to protect the spinning wheels, the spinning part of the spinning blank is usually designed into a slope shape with a certain height and an angle, and for the offset spinning, because the spinning wheels have position difference in the axial direction and the radial direction, how to ensure that each spinning wheel can be simultaneously contacted with the spinning part of the blank during the spinning has important significance for improving the stability and the forming precision during the spinning. In summary, during the offset spinning, in order to ensure that each spinning wheel can contact with the blank spinning part simultaneously during the spinning, the inclination angle of the blank spinning part and the distribution of the spinning wheels in the axial direction and the radial direction inevitably have a certain relationship. The radial distribution of the rotary wheel depends on the radial rolling reduction of the rotary wheel, namely the thinning amount of the blank, and under the condition that the radial rolling reduction of the rotary wheel is determined, the inclination angle of the starting position of the blank and the axial offset of the rotary wheel have a certain relation. Generally, the thinning rate of the blank is determined according to material properties and process parameters before spinning, so that whether the spinning wheel can be simultaneously contacted with the spinning part of the blank during the offset spinning is determined by the relation between the inclination angle of the spinning part of the blank and the axial offset of the spinning wheel. At present, the published data at home and abroad does not explain the relation between the inclination angle of the spinning part of the blank and the axial offset of the spinning roller during offset spinning, and the prior art only provides a rough range and cannot ensure that each spinning roller is simultaneously contacted with the blank during spinning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for adjusting the offset of a spinning wheel for barrel offset spinning, which aims to overcome the defects that the deformation during spinning is unstable, the integral precision of a workpiece is poor and the effective length of the workpiece is shortened, which are caused by the fact that the spinning wheels can not be ensured to be simultaneously contacted with a blank during spinning in the prior art.
The specific process of the invention is as follows:
the spinning method comprises the following steps of firstly, preparing a spinning blank, wherein the thickness of the spinning blank is H, H is the thickness of the blank at the spinning end, the height of an excircle chamfer of the cross section of the spinning end is H-H, and the angle between the chamfer inclined plane and the horizontal plane is α.
And secondly, installing a rotary wheel.
Two or more rotary wheels form a rotary wheel group, and each rotary wheel is marked as niWhere n is the number of spinning wheels in the spinning wheel set, i is one spinning wheel in the spinning wheel set, and i is 1,2,3 … … n. The number of the rotary wheels is n, and n is 2,3,4, … n.
The axis of each spinning wheel is parallel to the axis of the cylindrical member and is in the same horizontal plane with the axis of the cylindrical member.
The third step: and (5) mounting the workpiece. And installing the workpiece on the spinning machine through the workpiece core mold.
And fourthly, determining the axial offset between the adjacent rotary wheels.
Through the inclination angle α of the starting end of the blank and the reduction delta of each rotary wheelniDetermining the axial offset between adjacent spinning wheels, determining the axial offset between each spinning wheel by using a formula (3),
Figure GDA0002444963720000031
in the formula (3), α is the inclined angle of the rotating end of the blank, deltaniThe reduction amount of the nth spinning wheel; l isni-1,niIs the axial offset between the (ni-1) th rotary wheel and the (ni) th rotary wheel.
And fifthly, spinning.
The spinning process is three times. And obtaining the high-strength steel thin-wall cylindrical part through three times of spinning.
And finishing the spinning processing of the high-strength steel thin-wall cylindrical part.
When the spinning wheels are installed, the spinning wheels are symmetrically distributed on the circumference of the cylindrical part, and the connecting line of the round corners and the top points of the round corners of the spinning wheels is perpendicular to the axis of the core mold.
When the axial offset between the adjacent rotating wheels is determined, the reduction of the first pass of the nth rotating wheel is set as deltaniWhen i is 1,2,3 … … n, δn1n2+……δnnδ. Delta is the total pressure of each rotary wheel for one passAnd (5) adding the following amount. Where 1 denotes the 1 st wheel, 2 denotes the 2 nd wheel, and … … n denotes the nth wheel.
And respectively obtaining the axial offset distance between the nth-1 rotary wheel and the nth rotary wheel through a calculation formula of the axial offset distance between the two adjacent rotary wheels.
During spinning, according to the determined axial offset L between the spinning wheelsni-1,niAnd adjusting the axial distance between the spinning wheels, setting the rotating speed of a main shaft of the spinning machine to be 70r/min, wherein the axial feeding speeds of the two spinning wheels are both 70mm/min, and no feeding speed exists in the radial direction. And starting the spinning machine for one pass to perform spinning for one pass and two passes.
During the three-pass spinning, the axial offset distance between the spinning wheels is unchanged, no feeding speed exists in the radial direction, the feeding speed in the axial direction is 84mm/min, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 70 r/min.
The invention provides a method for accurately adjusting the axial offset of a spinning wheel according to the size of a spinning blank and the first pressing amount during offset spinning of a cylindrical part on the basis of fully considering the stress balance of a blank, aiming at improving the defects of the prior art, avoiding the blindness and uncertainty in adjusting the axial offset of the spinning wheel, ensuring that the spinning wheel can be simultaneously contacted with the blank during spinning starting and improving the stability and the forming precision of offset spinning of the cylindrical part.
The invention relates to a calculation method for accurately determining the axial offset of a spinning wheel according to the shape and size of a spinning blank and the first-pass rolling reduction, which mainly comprises the steps of setting the thickness of the spinning blank as H, setting the thickness of the spinning blank as the thickness of the spinning end blank, setting the chamfer height of the excircle of the cross section of the spinning end as H-H, setting the angle between the chamfer inclined plane and the horizontal plane as α, setting the first-pass rolling reduction as delta, setting the number of the spinning wheels as n, and setting the rolling reduction delta of the ith spinning wheel as deltani(i is 1,2,3 … … n), then δn1n2+……δnnδ, where 1 denotes the first wheel, 2 denotes the second wheel, and … … n denotes the nth wheel. In order to ensure the stress balance of the blank, n rotating wheels are required to simultaneously contact the blank during starting, and the contact part of the rotating wheels and the blank in the attached figure 2 is simplified and is represented by a right-angled triangle trigonometric function relationship as shown in the attached figure 3:
the axial offset between the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel is as follows:
Figure GDA0002444963720000041
the axial offset between the second rotating wheel and the third rotating wheel is as follows:
Figure GDA0002444963720000042
and by analogy according to the calculation mode, obtaining the axial offset between the nth-1 rotating wheel and the nth rotating wheel as follows:
Figure GDA0002444963720000043
wherein α is the angle of inclination of the starting end of the blank, deltaniThe reduction of the nth wheel, Ln1,n2Is the offset between the first rotary wheel and the second rotary wheel, Ln2,n3The axial offset between two adjacent rotary wheels can be calculated according to the inclination angle of the starting end of the blank and the pressing amount of the first rotary wheel.
Compared with the prior art, the axial offset adjusting method can ensure that the rotating wheel can simultaneously contact the blank when the rotating is started, so that the radial stress of the blank is balanced, the blank material distortion caused by inconsistent contact of the rotating wheel is avoided, and the forming precision and the forming quality of the workpiece are improved. This is because, a great deal of engineering practice shows that, for barrel offset spinning, uneven blank stress during spinning can distort the spinning part of the blank, and as the spinning process proceeds, the distortion can further expand, thereby affecting all workpieces, and meanwhile, the distortion can cause inconsistent metal flow, finally causing the mouth of the workpiece to bend or horseshoe shape, so that the effective use length of the workpiece is shortened, the forming precision is deteriorated, and even the product is scrapped. In the different batches of offset spinning processes of the thin-wall cylindrical part of the engine shell with a certain specification, the offset adjustment method disclosed by the invention is adopted to axially adjust the spinning wheel, then the spinning is carried out, and the result shows that: the linearity of the cylindrical part is improved by about 10%, the wall thickness difference is reduced by about 5%, and the effective use length is increased by about 5%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a blank;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the axial distribution of spinning rollers during the staggered spinning start;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the axial distribution of multiple spinning rollers during the staggered spinning start;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first spinning wheel; 2. a second spinning wheel; 3. and a third spinning wheel.
Detailed Description
Example one
The embodiment is that a high-strength steel thin-wall cylindrical part is processed by a double-spinning-wheel staggered spinning method. According to the definition of ULSAB project group of the International iron and steel Association, the steel with the yield strength of 210-550 MPa is defined as high-strength steel.
The axial offset is the distance between the rounded corners and the vertexes of the axially adjacent spinning wheels when two or more spinning wheels are used for spinning.
The structure of the workpiece processed in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4. The specific process of this embodiment is:
the spinning method comprises the following steps of firstly, preparing a spinning blank, wherein the blank is a 30CrMnSiA high-strength steel cylindrical part, the thickness of the spinning blank is H, the thickness of H is the thickness of a spinning-end blank, the height of an excircle chamfer of the cross section of the spinning-end is H-H, and the angle between a chamfer inclined plane and a horizontal plane is α.
In this embodiment, the thickness H of the blank is 10mm, the thickness H of the blank at the start end is 6mm, the inclination angle of the start end of the blank is 20 °, the outer diameter D is 226mm, and the length is 240 mm.
And secondly, installing a rotary wheel. When spinning, two or more spinning wheels form a spinning wheel group, and each spinning wheel is marked as niWhere n is the number of spinning wheels in the spinning wheel set, i is one spinning wheel in the spinning wheel set, and i is 1,2,3 … … n.
In this embodiment, n is 2, and each is the first rotor n1And a second spinning wheel n2
A first rotary wheel n1And a second spinning wheel n2The two spinning wheels are respectively arranged on the two spinning wheel numerical control powerful spinning machines, and the axes of the spinning wheels are parallel to the axis of the cylindrical part and are in the same horizontal plane with the axis of the cylindrical part. The two spinning wheels are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the cylindrical part, and the connecting line of the round corner vertexes of the two spinning wheels is ensured to be vertical to the axis of the core mold.
The third step: and (5) mounting the workpiece. The workpiece core mold is arranged on a spinning machine, and the circular runout of the core mold in the circumferential direction is required to be not more than 0.1 mm. And (3) mounting the prepared blank on a core mold, and ensuring that one end of the blank is in contact with a discharging ring on the core mold.
And fourthly, determining the axial offset between the adjacent rotary wheels.
The inclined angle α of the starting end of the blank and the reduction deltan of one pass of each spinning wheeliAnd determining the axial offset between the adjacent rotary wheels. The method comprises the following steps:
in order to ensure the stress balance of the blank, n rotating wheels are required to contact the blank at the same time during the rotation starting. The right-angle triangle trigonometric function relation between the parts of the spinning wheel contacting the blank can be obtained as follows:
the axial offset between the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel is as follows:
Figure GDA0002444963720000061
the axial offset between the second rotating wheel and the third rotating wheel is as follows:
Figure GDA0002444963720000062
by analogy with the above calculation mode, the calculation formula for obtaining the axial offset of two adjacent spinning wheels is as follows:
Figure GDA0002444963720000063
in the formula (3), α is the inclined angle of the rotating end of the blank, deltaniThe reduction amount of the nth spinning wheel; l isni-1,niThe axial offset between the nth-1 spinning wheel and the nth spinning wheel is obtained; l isn1,n2The offset distance between the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel is obtained; l isn2,n3The offset distance between the second rotating wheel and the third rotating wheel.
And respectively obtaining the axial offset between the two adjacent spinning wheels through a formula (3).
In this embodiment, the total rolling reduction in one pass is 4mm, and the rolling reductions in the two spinning wheels are 2mm, respectively.
According to the calculation formula (3) of the axial offset of two adjacent spinning wheels
Figure GDA0002444963720000064
In the embodiment, the number of the rotary wheels n is 2, the inclination angle α of the rotating end of the blank is 20 degrees, and the rolling reduction delta of the second rotary wheel is delta222mm, the axial offset between the two rotary wheels
Figure GDA0002444963720000071
And fifthly, spinning.
The spinning process is three times. And obtaining the high-strength steel thin-wall cylindrical part through three times of spinning.
Primary spinning:
firstly, the spinning wheel seat where the first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel are located is moved simultaneously, so that the first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel are located in front of the spinning starting point of the blank, and the spinning wheels are not in contact with the blank. And respectively adjusting the clearance between each spinning wheel and the core mould according to the set screw-down amount of each spinning wheel. According to the determined axial offset L between the two rotary wheels21,22And adjusting the axial distance between the rotary wheels, and moving the second rotary wheel along the axial direction to the direction far away from the starting point of the blank, so that the axial offset distance of 5.5mm is kept between the first rotary wheel and the second rotary wheel. And simultaneously moving the spinning wheel seats where the first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel are located at the same axial feeding speed to enable the first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel to be in contact with the blank. The rotating speed of the main shaft of the spinning machine is given to be 70r/min, and the axial feeding speeds of the two spinning wheels are both 70mm/min, there is no feed speed in the radial direction. And starting the spinning machine to perform the first spinning. And cooling and lubricating in the spinning process. And after the first-pass spinning is finished, returning the two spinning wheels to the spinning starting point, and performing the second-pass spinning.
Spinning for two times:
the total reduction of the two passes is 2.2mm, and the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel are reduced by 1.1mm respectively. The axial offset distance between the two rotary wheels is kept, no feeding speed exists in the radial direction, and the feeding speed in the axial direction and the rotating speed of the main shaft are unchanged. And starting the spinning machine to perform spinning of the second pass. And cooling and lubricating in the spinning process. And after finishing the two-pass spinning, returning the two spinning wheels to the spinning starting point, and performing the three-pass spinning.
Spinning for three times:
the total thinning amount of the three passes is 1.8mm, and the first rotary wheel and the second rotary wheel are pressed down by 0.9mm respectively. The axial offset distance between the two rotating wheels is unchanged, no feeding speed exists in the radial direction, the feeding speed in the axial direction is 84mm/min, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is unchanged. And starting the spinning machine to perform spinning of the second pass. And cooling and lubricating in the spinning process, and discharging after cooling.
And finishing the spinning processing of the high-strength steel thin-wall cylindrical part.

Claims (3)

1. A method for adjusting the offset of a spinning wheel for offset spinning of a cylindrical part is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, preparing a spinning blank:
the thickness of the spinning blank is H, H is the thickness of the spinning-end blank, the height of an excircle chamfer of the cross section of the spinning-end is H-H, and the angle between the chamfer inclined plane and the horizontal plane is α;
secondly, mounting a spinning wheel:
two or more rotary wheels form a rotary wheel group, and each rotary wheel is marked as niWherein n is the number of spinning wheels in the spinning wheel group, i is one spinning wheel in the spinning wheel group, and i is 1,2,3 … … n; the number of the rotary wheels is n,
n=2,3,4,…n;
the axis of each rotary wheel is parallel to the axis of the cylindrical part and is in the same horizontal plane with the axis of the cylindrical part;
the third step: installing a workpiece:
installing the workpiece on a spinning machine through a workpiece core mold;
fourthly, determining the axial offset between adjacent spinning wheels:
through the inclination angle α of the starting end of the blank and the reduction delta of each rotary wheelniDetermining the axial offset between adjacent spinning wheels, determining the axial offset between each spinning wheel by using a formula (3),
Figure FDA0002456452300000011
in the formula (3), α is the inclined angle of the rotating end of the blank, deltaniThe reduction amount of the nth spinning wheel; l isni-1,niThe axial offset between the nth-1 spinning wheel and the nth spinning wheel is obtained;
fifthly, spinning:
the spinning process is carried out for three times; obtaining a high-strength steel thin-wall cylindrical part through three times of spinning;
during spinning, according to the determined axial offset L between the spinning wheelsni-1,niAdjusting the axial distance between the spinning wheels, setting the rotating speed of a main shaft of the spinning machine to be 70r/min, wherein the axial feeding speed of each spinning wheel is 70mm/min, and no feeding speed exists in the radial direction; starting the spinning machine for one pass to perform spinning for one pass and two passes;
during the three-pass spinning, the axial offset distance between the spinning wheels is unchanged, no feeding speed exists in the radial direction, the feeding speed in the axial direction is 84mm/min, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 70 r/min;
and finishing the spinning processing of the high-strength steel thin-wall cylindrical part.
2. The method for adjusting the offset of spinning rollers for offset spinning of cylindrical parts according to claim 1, wherein the spinning rollers are symmetrically arranged on the circumference of the cylindrical part when the spinning rollers are installed, and the connecting line of the rounded corners of the spinning rollers is perpendicular to the axis of the core mold.
3. The method for adjusting the offset of spinning rollers for offset spinning of cylindrical workpieces according to claim 1, wherein the reduction of the nth roller in one pass is δ n when determining the axial offset between adjacent spinning rollersiWhen i is 1,2,3 … … n, δn1n2+……δnnδ; delta is the total rolling reduction of each spinning wheel in one pass; wherein 1 represents the 1 st wheel, 2 represents the 2 nd wheel, and … … n represents the nth wheel;
and respectively obtaining the axial offset distance between the nth-1 rotary wheel and the nth rotary wheel through a calculation formula of the axial offset distance between the two adjacent rotary wheels.
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CN113770223B (en) * 2021-10-16 2023-11-10 西安航天动力机械有限公司 Blank for integral spinning of flanged joint thin-wall cylindrical part and design method
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CN102773323B (en) * 2012-07-31 2014-11-12 华南理工大学 Strong force rotary pressing molding method of nanocrystalline/superfine crystal carbon steel cylindrical piece
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CN105414297B (en) * 2015-12-15 2017-08-29 西安航天动力机械厂 Asynchronous stepped spinning processing method
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