CN109768859B - DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system and noise processing method - Google Patents

DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system and noise processing method Download PDF

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CN109768859B
CN109768859B CN201811651239.XA CN201811651239A CN109768859B CN 109768859 B CN109768859 B CN 109768859B CN 201811651239 A CN201811651239 A CN 201811651239A CN 109768859 B CN109768859 B CN 109768859B
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郭邦红
冉攀
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Guangdong Yukopod Technology Development Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
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Abstract

The invention provides a DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system, which comprises a quantum signal transmitting end, a quantum signal receiving end, a DWDM, a classical signal transceiver, an attenuator, an optical isolator and a narrow-band filter, wherein the quantum signal transmitting end is connected with the quantum signal receiving end through a network; the noise processing method mainly considers that background noise is introduced by huge difference of power of strong classical signals and weak quantum signals during fusion transmission, mainly comprises Raman scattering, four-wave mixing and non-ideal channel interval crosstalk, provides a non-equidistant wavelength division method, eliminates the influence of the four-wave mixing in principle, and eliminates backward Raman scattering which causes important influence on a QKD system by using an optical isolator; the method is simple in design, and compared with the traditional noise processing method, the total secret key rate of the quantum channel can be improved in the noise processing scheme; alternatively, the number of QKD users supported can be maximized at a certain key rate.

Description

DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system and noise processing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum information and optical communication, in particular to a DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system and a noise processing method.
Background
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is one of the leading candidates to provide data security in the quantum age. Traditional encryption methods are based on computational complexity assumptions, while QKD enables two remote parties to exchange keys securely and with security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Over the past three decades, QKD has made great progress in theoretical development, as well as experimental demonstrations. In an early development stage, the focus of QKD research was to enhance coverage and performance in a point-to-point scenario, where the fiber optic link was dedicated to the QKD system. To make this technology available on a large scale, the current trend has shifted to QKD networks and adapted to the existing classical network infrastructure. In particular, we are interested in architectures that can transmit high-speed quantum and classical signals simultaneously on the same fiber. In optical fiber communications, one of the main technologies capable of transmitting a plurality of optical signals over the same optical fiber is Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). This technique is an attractive candidate for being able to transmit both quantum and classical data signals.
However, one of the major challenges in DWDM quantum-based and classical channel fusion transmission is the background noise generated by the strong data signal, which can severely degrade QKD link operation even in small amounts since the quantum signal is typically weak. These include raman scattering, four-wave mixing and brillouin scattering, and crosstalk between adjacent channels. Four-wave mixing among these noise sources is a nonlinear optical effect caused by the interaction of two or more light waves in a medium, which is caused by the third-order nonlinear polarization of the medium, and during transmission, new light is generated to increase the spectral components, such as three co-transmitted f i、fjAnd fkGenerating light of a new frequency fijkExpressed as:
fijk＝fi+fj-fk(k≠i,j)
raman scattering is a phenomenon that photons transmitted in an optical fiber and a medium have inelastic interaction so as to emit light radiation with a frequency different from that of incident light; and backward raman scattering, where the scattered light has a different direction of travel than the incident light, has a severe impact on QKD systems.
Meanwhile, in the prior art, as in patent CN201810127390, it is attempted to reduce crosstalk noise generated by the classical signal by attenuating the transmission power of the classical signal under the condition of ensuring that the classical optical communication is not error-free. In addition, in the prior art, a four-wave mixing noise suppression scheme based on unequal interval wavelength allocation is proposed by a grandson singing plum teacher of Beijing post and telecommunications university and the like (document: grandson singing plum, Niujining, a climax. noise suppression technology [ J ] in the common-fiber transmission of quantum signals and classical optical signals, 2018 (9)), and mainly solves the influence of four-wave mixing noise, but a back-Raman scattering noise processing scheme is not involved.
In the patent, the unidirectional property of an optical isolator is used for basically inhibiting backward Raman scattering noise which seriously affects QKD signals, meanwhile, a DWDM system is combined, the influence of system four-wave mixing noise is eliminated in principle by adopting a non-equidistant channel wavelength distribution method, a quantum channel and a classical channel are isolated by using an empty waveband, and channel crosstalk noise is weakened by using a filtering technology, so that the total quantum key rate is increased, and the number of users accessing the QKD is maximally accommodated under the condition of a certain key rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system and a noise processing method, wherein quantum signals and classical signals transmitted by the DWDM system are more in line with the current practical application, so that the cost is saved; the influence of four-wave mixing on quantum signals and classical signals during fusion transmission is eliminated in principle by adopting non-equidistant wavelength planning, and backward Raman scattering noise which seriously influences QKD signals is basically inhibited by utilizing the unidirectionality of an optical isolator.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a DWDM quantum based and classical fusion transmission system, comprising: the ALICE end, the BOB end, the first DWDM and the second DWDM are sequentially connected through optical fibers;
the ALICE end comprises a classical signal transceiver and N quantum signal sending ends, and the BOB end comprises a classical signal transceiver and N quantum signal receiving ends; an attenuator is further arranged between the classical signal transceiver at the ALICE end or the BOB end and the connected first DWDM or the connected second DWDM, and a filter and an optical isolator are sequentially connected between each quantum signal receiving end and the connected second DWDM;
n quantum signals generated by N quantum signal sending ends of the ALICE end are multiplexed and demultiplexed through a first DWDM and a second DWDM which are connected with each other, and then the N quantum signals are respectively sent to an optical isolator connected with the first DWDM to eliminate backward Raman scattering, and are filtered through a filter, so that the N quantum signals are sent to N quantum signal receiving ends;
After the transmitting power of a classical signal transceiver at the ALICE end is reduced by the attenuator, a classical signal is transmitted to a second DWDN through a first DWDN connected with the attenuator, and the classical signal is received by a classical signal transceiver corresponding to the BOB end; and after the emission power of a classical signal sent by the classical signal transceiver at the BOB end is reduced by the attenuator, the classical signal is sent to the first DWDN through the second DWDN connected with the first DWDN, and the classical signal transceiver corresponding to the BOB end receives the first DWDN.
Furthermore, the quantum signal sending end comprises a pulse laser source and a phase modulator which are connected in sequence
Figure GDA0003476805020000031
And a random number generator.
In the above, the quantum signal receiving end includes the unbalanced mach-zehnder interferometer MZI and two detectors.
Furthermore, two ends of the unbalanced Mach Zehnder interferometer MZI are connected with beam splitters, the two detectors are respectively and independently connected with the beam splitter at the same end, and the beam splitter at the other end is connected with the filter.
Further, the channel spacing of the first and second DWDMs may be 100G or 200G.
Preferably, the filter is a narrow-band filter.
A noise processing method based on DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system includes the following steps:
Step 1: setting a wave band boundary value, and setting a wave band of a null wave band according to the wave band boundary value; distributing the quantum channels in a wave band with the wavelength smaller than the empty wave band, and distributing the classical channels in a wave band with the wavelength larger than the empty wave band;
and 2, step: finding out the wavelength capable of effectively eliminating four-wave mixing in the quantum channel wave band set in the step 1 by adopting a non-equidistant wavelength division method;
and 3, step 3: respectively setting the sending wavelength of the quantum sending end by each wavelength which can effectively eliminate four-wave mixing and is obtained in the step 2, and respectively sending quantum signals by each quantum sending end according to the corresponding sending wavelength;
and 4, step 4: after the fusion transmission of each quantum signal sent in the step 3 and the classical signal sent by the classical signal transceiver attenuated by the attenuator is subjected to the demultiplexing of DWDM at a quantum receiving end, the unidirectional property of an optical isolator is utilized to inhibit backward Raman scattering noise transmitted in the reverse direction with each quantum signal, and the step 5 is carried out;
and 5: and a narrow-band filter is used for filtering out crosstalk noise between channels in each quantum signal.
Preferably, the band cut-off is set to 1550 nm.
More preferably, the band range of the empty band is 1550nm ± 85nm or more.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the noise processing adopts a non-equidistant wavelength division method to eliminate four-wave mixing noise caused by the nonlinear effect of quantum signals and classical signals during fusion transmission in principle, and simultaneously reduces the interval crosstalk of non-ideal channels.
2. Backward Raman scattering noise which seriously influences the QKD signal is basically inhibited by utilizing the unidirectionality of the optical isolator, and the total key rate of the quantum channel can be improved by combining a filtering technology; or we can maximize the number of QKD users that can be supported more with a DWDM system at a certain key rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of a DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the four-wave mixing noise processing method based on DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical isolator when optical signals are input in the forward direction in a DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical isolator when optical signals are reversely input in the DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system.
Fig. 5 is a QKD system of the present invention based on DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission systems.
Fig. 6 is a detailed optical path diagram of the transmission system based on DWDM quantum and classical fusion.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of noise processing based on DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: ALICE end, BOB end, first DWDM and second DWDM, ALICE end, first DWDM, second DWDM and BOB end connect gradually through optic fibre.
The ALICE end comprises a classical signal transceiver and N quantum signal sending ends, and the BOB end comprises a classical signal transceiver and N quantum signal receiving ends; each quantum signal receiving end corresponds to each quantum signal sending end respectively; an attenuator is also arranged between the classical signal transceiver of the ALICE end or the BOB end and the connected first or second DWDM; and a filter and an optical isolator are sequentially connected between each quantum signal receiving end and the connected second DWDM.
The quantum signals are transmitted in one direction, namely the quantum signals are transmitted from ALICE to BOB, while the classical signals are transmitted in two directions, namely the classical signals can be transmitted from ALICE to BOB (downlink transmission) and can be transmitted from BOB to ALICE (uplink transmission), and the classical signals comprise data signals and synchronous signals.
As shown in fig. 5, the quantum signal transmitting end and the quantum signal receiving end together form a QKD system, wherein the QKD system may be plug-and-play, DPS, or the like.
Specifically, the first DWDM and the second DWDM are respectively provided with N quantum channels which respectively correspond to N quantum signal sending ends and N quantum signal receiving ends; n quantum signals generated by N quantum signal sending ends of the ALICE end are multiplexed through a first DWDM connected with the N quantum signal sending ends, demultiplexed through a second DWDM connected with the N quantum signal sending ends, respectively sent to optical isolators connected with the second DWDM to eliminate backward Raman scattering, filtered through filters respectively connected with the optical isolators independently, and further sent to N quantum signal receiving ends; the filter adopts a narrow-band filter to filter crosstalk noise signals of adjacent channels; the optical isolator allows only one-way light to pass through, and the device is used to eliminate or suppress back-raman scattering in the fibre channel.
After the transmitting power of a classical signal transceiver at the ALICE end or the BOB end is reduced by an attenuator, the classical signal is transmitted to a second DWDM or a first DWDM through a first DWDM or a second DWDM connected with the attenuator, and is received by the classical signal transceiver corresponding to the BOB end or the ALICE end. Wherein the attenuator ensures that the power matches the receiver sensitivity by suppressing the transmitted power of the classical signal, thereby ensuring 10-12The maximum bit error rate.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the quantum signal transmitting end includes a pulse laser source and a phase modulator connected in sequence
Figure GDA0003476805020000051
And a random number generator; wherein the pulsed laser source is a quantum signal generator, a phase modulator
Figure GDA0003476805020000052
And the random number generator is a modulation device of quantum signals.
The quantum signal receiving end comprises an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI and two detectors, wherein the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI is used for decoding received quantum signals, and the two detectors are used for detecting the quantum signals; the two ends of the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI are connected with beam splitters BS, the two detectors are respectively and independently connected with the beam splitters BS at the same end, and the beam splitters BS at the other end are connected with the filter.
Further, the channel spacing between the first and second DWDMs is 100G or 200G, and the number of channels is actually dependent on which wavelength division multiplexing system is used.
A noise processing method based on DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system includes the following steps:
step 1: setting a wave band boundary value, and setting a wave band of a null wave band according to the wave band boundary value; distributing the quantum channels in a wave band with the wavelength smaller than the empty wave band, and distributing the classical channels in a wave band with the wavelength larger than the empty wave band;
and 2, step: finding out the wavelength capable of effectively eliminating four-wave mixing in the quantum channel wave band set in the step 1 by adopting a non-equidistant wavelength division method;
and 3, step 3: respectively setting the sending wavelength of the quantum sending end by each wavelength which can effectively eliminate four-wave mixing and is obtained in the step 2, and respectively sending quantum signals by each quantum sending end according to the corresponding sending wavelength;
and 4, step 4: after the fusion transmission of each quantum signal sent in the step 3 and the classical signal sent by the classical signal transceiver attenuated by the attenuator is subjected to the demultiplexing of DWDM at a quantum receiving end, the unidirectional property of an optical isolator is utilized to inhibit backward Raman scattering noise of the backward transmission of each quantum signal, and the step 5 is carried out;
And 5: and a narrow-band filter is used for filtering out crosstalk noise between channels in each quantum signal.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 to 7, a noise processing method based on DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system includes the following steps:
step 1: an appropriate DWDM system is selected according to the number of users.
And 2, step: quantum channels are distributed in a lower waveband, and classical channel wavebands are distributed in a higher waveband; experimental data show that when the wavelength of the classical signal is behind 1550nm, the influence on a quantum channel is smaller, therefore, 1550nm is taken as a band boundary value, the quantum signal is planned to be in a band smaller than 1550nm, and the classical signal is in a band larger than 1550 nm; in order to avoid the influence of the classical signal on the left side near the 1550nm wavelength boundary on the quantum signal, the quantum channel and the classical channel are separated by a space band, and the band range of the space band is greater than or equal to 1550nm +/-85 nm.
And 3, step 3: finding out a wavelength channel for eliminating four-wave mixing according to a non-equidistant wavelength division method; the following wavelength is used as an example to illustrate fi、fi+1＝fi+Δf、fi+2＝fi+1+2Δf、fi+3＝fi+2+3Δf、fi+4＝fi+3+4Δf、 fi+5＝fi+5Δf、fi+6＝fi+6Δf、fi+7＝fi+7Δf、fi+8＝fi+8Δf、fi+9＝fiΔ f is the frequency spacing in compliance with the ITU-T wavelength standard, fiAnd fi+1、fi+3And fi+6The generated new frequency light is fi+2、fi+6And fi+12，fi+1And fi+3And fi+6The generated new frequency light is f i+5And fi+11，fi+3And fi+6The new frequency of light generated is fi+9Due to fi+1And fi+3Is relatively large, new frequency light f is generatedi+6Is relatively weak. So that the frequency f can be adoptedi、fi+1、fi+3、fi+6、fi+10The equal frequency is taken as the signal wavelength, and the four-wave mixing influence is eliminated.
And 4, step 4: using frequency fi、fi+1、fi+3、fi+6、fi+10The equal frequency is respectively used as the sending wavelength of each quantum sending end, and each quantum sending end sends a quantum signal at the corresponding sending wavelength.
And 5: with 1540nm as the wavelength of the quantum signal and 1560 as the wavelength of the classical signal as an example, as shown in fig. 6, after the pulse laser 1 emits the quantum signal, the quantum signal is phase-modulated by the phase modulator 2, the phase modulation value is selected from (0, pi) according to the random number generator 3, and then the phase-modulated value and the data signal generated by the classical signal transceiver 4 are multiplexed to the first DWDM 6 by the attenuator 5, and then are fused and transmitted to the second DWDM 7.
Step 6: the second DWDM 7 wave-divides the quantum signal and the classical signal by demultiplexing, then the quantum signal passes through an optical isolator 8, and backward Raman scattering transmitted in the backward direction along with the quantum signal during fusion transmission is eliminated by utilizing the unidirectionality of the quantum signal.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, incident light having an arbitrary polarization state first passes through a spatial separation polarizer SWP1, SWP1 functions to split the incident light into two orthogonal polarization components, allowing the vertical component to pass straight through and the horizontal component to pass deflected. Both components are passed through a faraday rotator whose polarization state is rotated by 45 °, followed by a half-wave plate which functions to rotate the polarization state of light traveling from left to right by 45 ° clockwise and from right to left by 45 ° counterclockwise so that the combination of the faraday rotator and the half-wave plate changes vertically polarized light to horizontally polarized light and vice versa. The light of the last two components is output together at the output by SWP2, preserving the useful signal (quantum signal). On the other hand, as shown in fig. 4, when light is transmitted in the reverse direction, the rotation directions of the half-wave plate and the faraday rotator are opposite, when the light of the two components passes through the two devices, the rotation effects cancel each other, the polarization state remains unchanged, the light can not be recombined by SWP at the input end of the optical fiber, and thus the separation effect is achieved, and the backward raman scattering noise is eliminated.
And 7: after being processed by the optical isolator 8, the crosstalk between channels is filtered out by a narrow-band filter 9, and useful quantum signals are reserved.
And step 8: after passing through the narrow-band filter 9, the quantum signal reaches the unbalanced mach-zehnder interferometer MZI 10 for demodulation, where a beam splitter BS 11 on the left side of the unbalanced mach-zehnder interferometer MZI 10 splits the quantum signal pulse into two equal halves, the propagation delay between the upper and lower arms of the unbalanced mach-zehnder interferometer MZI 10 is exactly the same as the repetition period of the pulsed laser source, in such a way that the two halves of two adjacent pulses are superimposed on a beam splitter BS 12 on the right side of the unbalanced mach-zehnder interferometer MZI 10. Since the signal pulses initially have a fixed phase relationship, they will appear at the output of the detector 13 or the detector 14, respectively, depending on the phase difference (0 or ± π) applied by the phase modulator 2 between two adjacent signal pulses, thereby reducing QKD system bit errors and increasing the quantum channel total key rate, thus completing the noise processing of the fusion transmission of quantum signals and classical signals.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system, comprising: the system comprises an ALICE end, a BOB end, a first DWDM and a second DWDM, wherein the ALICE end, the first DWDM, the second DWDM and the BOB end are sequentially connected through optical fibers;
the ALICE end comprises a classical signal transceiver and N quantum signal sending ends, and each quantum signal sending end comprises a pulse laser source and a phase modulator which are connected in sequence
Figure FDA0003476805010000011
And a random number generator; the quantum signal receiving end comprises a non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI and two detectors; two ends of the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI are connected with beam splitters, the two detectors are respectively and independently connected with the beam splitter at the same end, and the beam splitter at the other end is connected with a filter;
the BOB end comprises a classical signal transceiver and N quantum signal receiving ends; attenuators are arranged between the classical signal transceiver at the ALICE end and the first DWDM and between the classical signal transceiver at the BOB end and the second DWDM, and a filter and an optical isolator are sequentially connected between each quantum signal receiving end and the connected second DWDM;
n quantum signals generated by the N quantum signal sending ends of the ALICE end are multiplexed and demultiplexed through the first DWDM and the second DWDM which are connected with each other, and then are respectively sent to the optical isolators connected with the first DWDM to eliminate backward Raman scattering, and are filtered through the filters, so that the N quantum signals are sent to the N quantum signal receiving ends;
After the transmitting power of a classical signal transceiver at the ALICE end is reduced by the attenuator, a classical signal is transmitted to a second DWDN through a first DWDN connected with the attenuator, and the classical signal is received by a classical signal transceiver corresponding to the BOB end; and after the emission power of a classical signal sent by the classical signal transceiver at the BOB end is reduced by the attenuator, the classical signal is sent to the first DWDN through the second DWDN connected with the first DWDN, and the classical signal transceiver corresponding to the BOB end receives the first DWDN.
2. A DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the channel spacing of the first DWDM and the second DWDM may be 100G or 200G.
3. A DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the filter adopts a narrow-band filter.
4. A noise processing method applied to the DWDM quantum and classical fusion based transmission system according to claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
step 1: setting a wave band boundary value, wherein the wave band boundary value is set to 1550 nm; setting the wave band of the empty wave band according to the wave band boundary value; distributing quantum channels in a band of wavelengths smaller than said null band, and classical channels in a band of wavelengths larger than said null band;
And 2, step: finding out the wavelength capable of effectively eliminating four-wave mixing in the quantum channel wave band set in the step 1 by adopting a non-equidistant wavelength division method;
and 3, step 3: respectively setting the sending wavelength of the quantum sending end by each wavelength which can effectively eliminate four-wave mixing and is obtained in the step 2, and respectively sending quantum signals by each quantum sending end according to the corresponding sending wavelength;
and 4, step 4: after the fusion transmission of each quantum signal sent in the step 3 and the classical signal sent by the classical signal transceiver attenuated by the attenuator is subjected to the demultiplexing of DWDM at a quantum receiving end, the unidirectional property of an optical isolator is utilized to inhibit backward Raman scattering noise transmitted in the reverse direction with each quantum signal, and the step 5 is carried out;
and 5: and filtering out crosstalk noise among channels in each quantum signal by using a narrow-band filter.
5. A noise processing method based on DWDM quantum and classical fusion transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the wave band range of the empty wave band is more than or equal to 1550nm +/-85 nm.
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