CN109768818A - A kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler - Google Patents
A kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of extensive antenna spacing wave diversity transmitting methods inhibited based on Doppler, the transmission signal of frequency domain is subjected to piecemeal in transmitting terminal, when antenna is enough, the channel in each data block is constant when may be considered, then to signal space diversity precoding；The Doppler inhibition method by data block is taken in transmitting terminal, the transmission signal block-by-block after Doppler frequency shift is subjected to Wave beam forming processing, by introducing block-by-block random phase to wave beam, thus introduces fast jump of the channel between data block.By above-mentioned two operation, so that the block time varying channel for the standard that the channel of receiving end becomes.Based on this, the present invention is based further on signal space diversity technology to obtain channel diversity gain.Compared with prior art, the present invention can inhibit doppler spread to efficiently use channel diversity gain simultaneously, improve the reliability of wireless communication link.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-speed mobile communications fields, are related to a kind of extensive aerial signal space inhibited based on Doppler
Diversity transmitting method.
Background technique
Since wireless transmission environments have opening, reflection can be generated when signal is propagated in space, diffraction, scattering, is done
Phenomena such as relating to causes mobile radio telecommunications along with " multipath effect ".On the one hand, send signal via space different paths in
Different moments reach receiving end and undergo the signal of different delay connecing when that can compare in the sampling interval of delay spread and signal
Receiving end, which is superimposed, will cause significant intersymbol interference (ISI)；From frequency domain, that is, form frequency selective fading.
On the other hand, the relative motion between transmitting terminal and receiving end can cause Doppler frequency shift, due to reaching the angle of receiving end not
Together, the Doppler shift (DFO) that the signal on different paths is subjected to also is not quite similar；Signal with different Doppler shifts exists
Receiving end, which is superimposed, causes signal envelope to change, to form time selective fading.Exactly this double selectivity
Decline is that high-speed mobile wireless communication brings huge difficulty.
Broad-band channel is divided into the narrowband subchannels of multiple parallel mutual overlappings by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology,
Both spectrum efficiency is effectively improved, intersymbol interference has been effectively antagonized further through addition cyclic prefix, by frequency selective fading
The multiplying property flat fading being transformed on each subcarrier becomes the core technology of 5G wireless communication.But also just because of sub- letter
Mutual is overlapped between road, and the performance of OFDM depends critically upon the orthogonality between different sub-carrier, and this orthogonality is inclined to frequency
It moves very sensitive.Frequency shift (FS) can destroy the orthogonality between subcarrier, so as to cause serious inter-sub-carrier interference (ICI),
Damage the performance of ofdm system.Therefore, OFDM system is used under the high-speed mobile communications environment with double selectivity fading characteristic
When system, primary problems faced is how to fight multiple Doppler shifts.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned problem of the prior art, provide a kind of based on the extensive of Doppler's inhibition
Aerial signal space diversity launching technique.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
A kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: in transmitting terminal by deblocking to be launched, then to each data subcarrier in continuous multiple numbers
Signal space diversity precoding is carried out according to block；
Step 2: signal compensate by the Doppler shift of data block in transmitting terminal, then carries out wave beam by data block
It is formed, is launched after finally carrying out antenna weighting technical treatment；
Step 3: transceiver channel is assumed to be Jake model, sends signal by channel and reaches base station receiving end, extensive
Ideally, then constant channel when the channel that each data block is passed through is equivalent to utilizes maximum likelihood to transmission antenna
Decoding obtains receiving signal.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that detailed process is as follows for step 1:
For high-speed mobile uplink communication scene, bullet train is equipped with M member Macroscale homogenous linear array ULA, and base station end uses
Single antenna reception；Assuming that the mobile bring maximum doppler frequency of bullet train is denoted as using the OFDM mode of N number of subcarrier:
fd=v/ λ, wherein v and λ respectively indicates movement speed and radio frequency wavelength；
Assuming that transmitting terminal is all 1 in each piece of pilot sub-carrier transmitting frequency pilot sign；For data subcarrier i ∈ Id, Id
For the sub-carrier indices set of data subcarrier；Each data subcarrier in continuous k=1,2 ..., it is empty that K block carries out signal
Between diversity precoding:
X (i)=[X1(i) X2(i) … XK(i)]T
Wherein, X (i)=Θ d (i)；K is the block number for emitting subcarrier dispersion；Θ serves as reasonsPreceding K row K column constitute son
Matrix,ForDFT matrix is normalized,D (i) is the original information data symbol of i-th of subcarrier.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that detailed process is as follows for step 2:
1. sending signal at time delay t by frequency deviation x bring phase bit flipping Φt(x) it is
Wherein fsFor sample frequency；
2. the beamforming pointing angle degree of selection is denoted as θq, q=1,2 ..., Q, frequency deviation of the signal after Wave beam forming
For-fdcos(θq), and phase bit flipping under conditions of no time delay is Φ0(-fdcos(θq)), therefore signal passes through wave beam
Transmitting signal N × Metzler matrix of q wave beam is denoted as after formation:
WhereinFor the random phase deflection that wave beam introduces, a (θq) it is corresponding angle θqArray steering vector, skIt is
The corresponding time-domain symbol of transmitting area block of k block,XkFor the transmitting area block of kth block, Xk=[Xk(1) Xk(2)
… Xk(N)]T；
3. by above-mentioned steps 2. after, send signal pass through antenna weighting technology, obtained total multi-antenna transmission signal
Matrix remembers SkAre as follows:
Wherein, w is the weight vector of antenna weighting.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that detailed process is as follows for step 3:
It sends the transceiver channel that signal passes through and is assumed to be Jake model；Assuming that channel includes 1+L between sending and receiving endpA pumping
Head；Tap l=0,1 is defined ..., Lp, wherein first of tap is made of infinite multiple interference contributions in interior 0~π；L is taken out
The gain of the incident diameter of head corresponding angle θ is denoted as κl(θ)；
1. assuming that receiving end is equipped with single antenna, the reception signal phasor that base station corresponds to k data block is indicated are as follows:
Wherein Sk(l) it indicates to emit end signal matrix S under CP spread scenarioskThe version for moving down l, is expressed as follows:
WhereinIndicate skCirculation moves down l versions；
Emit end signal matrix S under CP spread scenarios for above-mentionedkMove down l version Sk(l) it is updated to reception signal
Vector ykIn, it obtains:
2. being directed to large-scale antenna array, when considering that M tends to be sufficiently large, the steering vector hypothesis of corresponding angle is positive
It hands over, obtains receiving under signal phasor:
In the ideal case, sending and receiving end is equivalent to have passed through in k data block constant channel at one, between different masses again
There are channels to jump fastly；
The form of kth block equivalent time domain channel matrix indicates are as follows:
hk=[hk,0 hk,1 … hk,Lp]T
Corresponding domain channel response are as follows:
Receive the frequency domain representation of signal:
Yk=Fyk=diag (Hk)Xk
For data subcarrier i ∈ Id, receive the frequency domain representation of signal:
Y (i)=[Y1(i) Y2(i) … YK(i)]T
That is:
Y (i)=H (i) Θ d (i)
Wherein H (i)=diag (H1(i) H2(i) … HK(i))；
3. the signal that receiving end is received carries out maximum-likelihood decoding, obtain receiving signal.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that step 2. in, for large-scale antenna array, consider that M tends to be sufficiently large
Ideally, sending and receiving end is equivalent to by not varying signal at one in k data block, and there are channels to jump fastly again between different masses
Become.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that step 3. in, maximum-likelihood decoding is as follows:
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) present invention is main inhibits doppler spread using Beam Domain Doppler precompensation and antenna weighting, can be very big
The minimum doppler spread of degree.When antenna is enough, the channel in each data block is constant when may be considered.From
And the channel estimation and equalization method of receiving end constant channel when can be based on tradition is realized and is received, without time-varying harmonic detection with
The high complexity operation such as track.
2) thus the present invention introduces fast jump of the channel between data block, makes by introducing block-by-block random phase to wave beam
Receiving end the block time varying channel of standard that becomes of channel.Based on this, the present invention is based further on signal space diversity technology
To obtain channel diversity gain.Based on this, the present invention can inhibit doppler spread to efficiently use channel diversity gain simultaneously,
Improve the reliability of wireless communication link.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the system model block diagram that the present invention uses；
Fig. 2 is that the optimal antenna weighting technique that the present invention uses illustrates block diagram；
Fig. 3 is SER performance schematic diagram of the present invention with comparison scheme.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The method of the present invention includes the following steps:
Step 1: in transmitting terminal by deblocking to be launched, then to each data subcarrier in continuous multiple numbers
Signal space diversity precoding is carried out according to block, detailed process is as follows:
Consider high-speed mobile uplink communication scene.Bullet train is equipped with M member Macroscale homogenous linear array ULA, and base station end uses
Single antenna reception.Assuming that using the OFDM mode of N number of subcarrier.The mobile bring maximum doppler frequency of high-speed rail is denoted as: fd=
v/λ.Wherein v and λ respectively indicates movement speed and radio frequency wavelength.
Assuming that transmitting terminal is all 1 in each piece of pilot sub-carrier transmitting frequency pilot sign.Define following symbol:
Id: the sub-carrier indices set of data subcarrier；
K: the block number of transmitting subcarrier dispersion；
D (i): for the original information data symbol of i-th of subcarrier；
DFT matrix is normalized,
Θ: byPreceding K row K column constitute submatrix.
Xk: the transmitting area block of kth block, Xk=[Xk(1) Xk(2) … Xk(N)]T；
sk: the corresponding time-domain symbol of transmitting area block of kth block,
For i ∈ Id, each data subcarrier in continuous k=1,2 ..., K block carry out signal space diversity and prelist
Code:
X (i)=[X1(i) X2(i) … XK(i)]T
Wherein, X (i)=Θ d (i).
Step 2: signal compensate by the Doppler shift of data block in transmitting terminal；Then wave beam is carried out by data block
It is formed；Launch after finally carrying out antenna weighting technical treatment；Detailed process is as follows:
1. sending signal at time delay t by frequency deviation x bring phase bit flipping Φt(x) it is
Wherein fsFor sample frequency.
2. the beamforming pointing angle degree of selection is denoted as θq, q=1,2 ..., Q, frequency deviation of the signal after Wave beam forming
For-fdcos(θq), and phase bit flipping under conditions of no time delay is Φ0(-fdcos(θq)).Therefore signal passes through wave beam
Transmitting signal N × Metzler matrix of q wave beam is denoted as after formation:
WhereinThe random phase deflection introduced for wave beam.Random random phase can independently be introduced by paying attention to each piece.a
(θq) it is corresponding angle θqArray steering vector.H indicates conjugate transposition.
3. by above-mentioned steps 2. after, send signal pass through antenna weighting technology, obtained total multi-antenna transmission signal
Matrix is denoted as:
Wherein, w is the weight vector of antenna weighting.
Step 3: transceiver channel is assumed to be Jake model, sends signal by channel and reaches base station receiving end；Extensive
Ideally, then constant channel when the channel that each data block is passed through is equivalent to utilizes maximum likelihood to transmission antenna
Decoding obtains receiving signal.Detailed process is as follows:
It sends the transceiver channel that signal passes through and is assumed to be Jake model.Assuming that channel includes 1+L between sending and receiving endpA pumping
Head.Tap l=0,1 is defined ..., Lp.Wherein first of tap is made of infinite multiple interference contributions in interior 0~π.L is taken out
The gain of the incident diameter of head corresponding angle θ is denoted as κl(θ)。
1. assuming that receiving end is equipped with single antenna.The reception signal phasor that its base station corresponds to k data block can indicate are as follows:
Wherein Sk(l) it indicates to emit end signal matrix S under CP spread scenarioskThe version for moving down l, is expressed as follows:
WhereinIndicate skCirculation moves down l versions.
Therefore, emit end signal matrix S under CP spread scenarios by above-mentionedkMove down l version Sk(l) it is updated to and connects
Receive signal phasor ykIn, it obtains:
2. model proposed by the invention is large-scale antenna array, therefore consider that M tends to be sufficiently large for M strip antenna
When, the steering vector of corresponding angle is assumed to be orthogonal.It is as follows to can be received time-domain signal:
It can be seen that this ideally, not varying signal when sending and receiving end is equivalent to have passed through in k data block one.
And there are channels to jump fastly between different masses.
The equivalent time domain channel of kth block can be indicated with the form of matrix are as follows:
Corresponding domain channel response are as follows:
Receive the frequency domain representation of signal:
Yk=Fyk=diag (Hk)Xk
For data subcarrier i ∈ Id, receive the frequency domain representation of signal:
Y (i)=[Y1(i) Y2(i) … YK(i)]T
That is:
Y (i)=H (i) Θ d (i)
Wherein H (i)=diag (H1(i) H2(i) … HK(i))
3. the signal that receiving end is received carries out maximum-likelihood decoding, maximum-likelihood decoding is as follows:
Below by one embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
The system model that the present invention is applicable in is referring to Fig. 1.In high-speed mobile uplink communication scene of the invention, bullet train
It is equipped with M member Macroscale homogenous linear array ULA, base station end uses single antenna reception.Wireless channel model is assumed to be Jake channel.
Fig. 2 is that the optimal antenna weighting technique that the present invention uses illustrates block diagram.Referring to fig. 2, the detailed process of step 2 is such as
Under:
1. the transmission signal of space separating after Doppler shift compensation, sends signal and is brought at time delay t by frequency deviation x
Phase bit flipping be
Wherein fsFor sample frequency.
2. the signal by Doppler shift compensation can pass through Wave beam forming.The beamforming pointing angle degree of selection is denoted as
θq, q=1,2 ..., Q, signal transmitting signal N × Metzler matrix of q wave beam after Wave beam forming is denoted as:
WhereinThe random phase deflection introduced for wave beam.Random random phase can independently be introduced by paying attention to each piece.a
(θq) it is corresponding angle θqArray steering vector.
3. by above-mentioned steps 2. after, send signal pass through antenna weighting technology, obtained total multi-antenna transmission signal
Matrix is denoted as:
Fig. 3 is that a kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler proposed by the present invention is same
The SER performance schematic diagram of convention control's method (i.e. without Doppler inhibition method, common Doppler inhibition method).Parameter setting
Are as follows: the ULA antenna of M=64, subcarrier number N=1024 are used on high-speed running train.Radio-frequency carrier 5.5GHz.High-speed rail is mobile
Speed 540Km/h, OFDM symbol rate 15.36MHz.Channel is assumed to be Jake model.Assuming that in each data block equal intervals
Ground emulates 64 pilot sub-carriers altogether and carries out channel estimation.Frequency pilot sign is all 1.Data symbol is 16QAM.It can from simulation result
To find out: with the increase of SNR, the SER performance of three kinds of methods is all in improvement trend.But SER performance proposed by the present invention is remote
It is much better than traditional algorithm.As SNR is promoted, SER curve descending slope of the invention is significantly greater than other two kinds of control methods, table
Bright the method for the present invention has effectively excavated channel diversity gain.
The above content is merely illustrative of the invention's technical idea, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all to press
According to technical idea proposed by the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical method each falls within claims of the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
Step 1: in transmitting terminal by deblocking to be launched, then to each data subcarrier in continuous multiple data blocks
Carry out signal space diversity precoding；
Step 2: signal compensate by the Doppler shift of data block in transmitting terminal, then carries out Wave beam forming by data block,
Launch after finally carrying out antenna weighting technical treatment；
Step 3: transceiver channel is assumed to be Jake model, sends signal by channel and reaches base station receiving end, is sending on a large scale
Ideally, then constant channel when the channel that each data block is passed through is equivalent to utilizes maximum-likelihood decoding to antenna,
It obtains receiving signal.
2. a kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, detailed process is as follows for step 1:
For high-speed mobile uplink communication scene, bullet train is equipped with M member Macroscale homogenous linear array ULA, and base station end uses Dan Tian
Line receives；Assuming that the mobile bring maximum doppler frequency of bullet train is denoted as: f using the OFDM mode of N number of subcarrierd=
V/ λ, wherein v and λ respectively indicates movement speed and radio frequency wavelength；
Assuming that transmitting terminal is all 1 in each piece of pilot sub-carrier transmitting frequency pilot sign；For data subcarrier i ∈ Id, IdFor number
According to the sub-carrier indices set of subcarrier；Each data subcarrier in continuous k=1,2 ..., K block carries out signal space point
Collect precoding:
X (i)=[X1(i) X2(i) … XK(i)]T
Wherein, X (i)=Θ d (i)；K is the block number for emitting subcarrier dispersion；Θ serves as reasonsPreceding K row K column constitute submatrix,ForDFT matrix is normalized,D (i) is the original information data symbol of i-th of subcarrier.
3. a kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, detailed process is as follows for step 2:
1. sending signal at time delay t by frequency deviation x bring phase bit flipping Φt(x) it is
Wherein fsFor sample frequency；
2. the beamforming pointing angle degree of selection is denoted as θq, q=1,2 ..., Q, frequency deviation of the signal after Wave beam forming be-
fdcos(θq), and phase bit flipping under conditions of no time delay is Φ0(-fdcos(θq)), therefore signal passes through wave beam shape
Transmitting signal N × Metzler matrix of Cheng Hou q wave beam is denoted as:
WhereinFor the random phase deflection that wave beam introduces, a (θq) it is corresponding angle θqArray steering vector, skFor kth block
The corresponding time-domain symbol of transmitting area block,XkFor the transmitting area block of kth block, Xk=[Xk(1) Xk(2) …
Xk(N)]T；
3. by above-mentioned steps 2. after, send signal pass through antenna weighting technology, obtained total multi-antenna transmission signal matrix
Remember SkAre as follows:
Wherein, w is the weight vector of antenna weighting.
4. a kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, detailed process is as follows for step 3:
It sends the transceiver channel that signal passes through and is assumed to be Jake model；Assuming that channel includes 1+L between sending and receiving endpA tap；Definition
Tap l=0,1 ..., Lp, wherein first of tap is made of infinite multiple interference contributions in interior 0~π；L tap is corresponding
The gain of the incident diameter of angle, θ is denoted as κl(θ)；
1. assuming that receiving end is equipped with single antenna, the reception signal phasor that base station corresponds to k data block is indicated are as follows:
Wherein Sk(l) it indicates to emit end signal matrix S under CP spread scenarioskThe version for moving down l, is expressed as follows:
WhereinIndicate skCirculation moves down l versions；
Emit end signal matrix S under CP spread scenarios for above-mentionedkMove down l version Sk(l) it is updated to reception signal phasor
ykIn, it obtains:
2. being directed to large-scale antenna array, M is considered when tending to be sufficiently large, the steering vector of corresponding angle is assumed to be orthogonal, is obtained
To under reception signal phasor:
In the ideal case, sending and receiving end is equivalent to have passed through in k data block constant channel at one, exists again between different masses
Channel jumps fastly；
The form of kth block equivalent time domain channel matrix indicates are as follows:
Corresponding domain channel response are as follows:
Receive the frequency domain representation of signal:
Yk=Fyk=diag (Hk)Xk
For data subcarrier i ∈ Id, receive the frequency domain representation of signal:
Y (i)=[Y1(i) Y2(i) … YK(i)]T
That is:
Y (i)=H (i) Θ d (i)
Wherein H (i)=diag (H1(i) H2(i) … HK(i))；
3. the signal that receiving end is received carries out maximum-likelihood decoding, obtain receiving signal.
5. a kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, step 2. in, for large-scale antenna array, consider M tend to it is sufficiently large ideally, sending and receiving end is in k
It is equivalent in data block by not varying signal at one, there are channels to jump fastly again between different masses.
6. a kind of extensive aerial signal space diversity launching technique inhibited based on Doppler according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, step 3. in, maximum-likelihood decoding is as follows:
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