CN109767494B - Three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography - Google Patents
Three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography, which comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a data acquisition module, an image acquisition module, a data receiving module, a data processing module, a data classification module, a master control module, a model building module, a model preview module, a comparison module and a big data acquisition module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring images; the data acquisition module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle module, the image acquisition module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle module, the unmanned aerial vehicle is in wireless connection with the data receiving module, the data receiving module is in communication connection with the data processing module, the data processing module is in communication connection with the data classification module, and the data classification module is in communication connection with the master control module; the method can acquire more data to establish a better model, ensures the accuracy of model data, and enables a user to visually know the urban development condition by observing the model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of model establishment, relates to an aerial photography technology, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional city information model establishment system based on aerial photography.
Background
The city model is a three-dimensional model manufactured on the basis of two-dimensional geographic information, and is developed into a three-dimensional geographic information system through program development, natural elements and construction elements of a city can be analyzed by using the system, a user obtains a real and visual virtual city environment feeling through interactive operation, digital three-dimensional simulation is realized on city topography and ground objects, a virtual city environment similar to a real living environment can be provided, the shape, height, space scale and the like of the building are clear and visual, three-dimensional information service is provided for city planning, construction, operation decision and the like, and meanwhile, different three-dimensional city models are established at regular time, so that people can visually know the legal tendency of the city.
When the existing three-dimensional city information model building system is used for building a three-dimensional city information model, collected data are less, so that the built three-dimensional model is not accurate enough, and large deviation is easy to exist in position.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows:
(1) how to better improve the accuracy of the model established by the system;
(2) how to better enable a user to intuitively know the urban development condition through the established model.
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional urban information model building system based on aerial photography.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a data acquisition module, an image acquisition module, a data receiving module, a data processing module, a data classification module, a master control module, a model building module, a model preview module, a comparison module and a big data acquisition module;
the data acquisition module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle module, the image acquisition module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle module, the unmanned aerial vehicle is in wireless connection with the data receiving module, the data receiving module is in communication connection with the data processing module, the data processing module is in communication connection with the data classification module, the data classification module is in communication connection with the general control module, the general control module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, the model preview module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, the comparison module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, and the big data acquisition module is in communication connection with the comparison module;
the data acquisition module and the image acquisition module are both arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the height and the surface area of the photographed building, the image acquisition module is used for acquiring image information of each building, the data receiving module is used for acquiring data acquired by the data acquisition module and image information acquired by the image acquisition module, the data processing module is used for processing the data received by the data receiving module, the data classifying module is used for classifying the received data, the master control module is used for sending control instructions to control the model building module to build a model, the model previewing module is used for previewing the built model by a user, the big data acquisition module is used for acquiring past model information, and the comparison module is used for comparing the past model information acquired by big data with the established model content;
the content specifically acquired by the data acquisition module comprises the surface area of the upper end of the floor and the height of the building, and the specific calculation process of the surface area of the upper end of the floor is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the data acquisition module is carried to the top end of the building by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and images of the top end of the building are shot;
step two: extracting images at the top of buildings in the images, and marking four corner marks of the buildings in the images as a, b, c and d respectively;
step three: connecting a with b to obtain a straight line L1, connecting b with c to obtain a straight line L2, connecting c with d to obtain L3, and connecting d with a to obtain L4;
step four, wherein L1 is L3, L2 is L4, and the surface S of the top end of the building can be obtained through the formula L1 is L2 is S;
the specific calculation process of the height of the building is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: setting a mark post with a preset height of K, controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to vertically ascend to the height of K, and recording the time T1 taken by the unmanned aerial vehicle to ascend to the height of K;
step two: the climbing height E of the airplane in unit time can be obtained through a formula K/T-I;
step three: when the unmanned aerial vehicle starts to climb to the highest position of the building, timing is started, and when the unmanned aerial vehicle climbs to the highest position of the building, timing is stopped, so that the time T2 when the unmanned aerial vehicle climbs to the height of the building can be obtained;
step four: obtaining a height value X of the building through a formula I T2 ═ X;
the data classification module is used for classifying the received data, and classifying the received data into small buildings, medium buildings and large buildings, wherein the specific classification process is as follows;
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the heights of all buildings and the surface areas of the top ends of the buildings, and respectively marking the heights and the surface areas as Ei and Si, wherein i is 1 … … n;
step two: obtaining a ratio Qi of the building height to the area of the top end of the building through a formula Ei/Si (equal to Qi);
step three: when Qi is smaller than a preset value, the building is judged to be a small building;
step four: when Qi is between preset values, the building is judged to be a medium building;
step five: and when the Qi is larger than the preset value, judging that the building is a large building.
Further, the specific model building process of the model building module is as follows;
the method comprises the following steps: the model building module receives the map information provided by the big data acquisition module, and builds a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the middle point in the map information as the origin;
step two: extracting top images of all buildings, connecting points a and c on all the buildings to obtain a straight line L5, and connecting points b and d to obtain a straight line L6;
step four: a straight line L5 and L6 are crossed to obtain a point Xi, i is 1 … … n;
step five: the distance from point X to the X-axis is A1, and the distance from point X to the y-axis is A2
Step six: the coordinates of the point Xi are X (a1, a2), and the coordinates of the point Xi are coordinate position information of the building corresponding to the Xi point.
Furthermore, the comparison module can import the model which is collected by the big data acquisition module and is built in the past into the model building module for comparison, and the model comparison process can be displayed on the model preview module.
Further, the track positioned by the path track positioning module is transmitted to a vehicle-mounted electronic map, and the vehicle-mounted electronic map is displayed on a display screen.
Furthermore, the master control module is also in wireless connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the master control module is also used for controlling unmanned flight.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can be realized by the following data classification modules: the ratio Qi of the height of the building to the top end area of the building can be obtained through a formula Ei/Si (equal to Qi), the building is divided into different types according to the ratio, and component models are obtained according to different types, so that the constructed model is more accurate, the condition that the component models have overlarge deviation is avoided, meanwhile, the height of the building and the roof area of the building are measured in real time by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, the accuracy of modeling data is further ensured, the system can construct a more accurate model, and the system is more applicable and popularized;
(2) according to the invention, through the arranged comparison module, a user can intuitively know the difference between the existing model and the model formed by the conventional components after the model is built, so that the development change of each region of a city can be better known.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a data acquisition module, an image acquisition module, a data receiving module, a data processing module, a data classification module, a master control module, a model building module, a model preview module, a comparison module and a big data acquisition module;
the data acquisition module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle module, the image acquisition module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle module, the unmanned aerial vehicle is in wireless connection with the data receiving module, the data receiving module is in communication connection with the data processing module, the data processing module is in communication connection with the data classification module, the data classification module is in communication connection with the general control module, the general control module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, the model preview module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, the comparison module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, and the big data acquisition module is in communication connection with the comparison module;
the data acquisition module and the image acquisition module are both arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the height and the surface area of the photographed building, the image acquisition module is used for acquiring image information of each building, the data receiving module is used for acquiring data acquired by the data acquisition module and image information acquired by the image acquisition module, the data processing module is used for processing the data received by the data receiving module, the data classifying module is used for classifying the received data, the master control module is used for sending control instructions to control the model building module to build a model, the model previewing module is used for previewing the built model by a user, the big data acquisition module is used for acquiring the past model information, and the comparison module is used for comparing the past model information acquired by big data with the established model content;
the content specifically acquired by the data acquisition module comprises the surface area of the upper end of the floor and the height of the building, and the specific calculation process of the surface area of the upper end of the floor is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the data acquisition module is carried to the top end of the building by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and images of the top end of the building are shot;
step two: extracting images of the top of the building in the images, and marking four corner marks of the building in the images as a, b, c and d respectively;
step three: connecting a with b to obtain a straight line L1, connecting b with c to obtain a straight line L2, connecting c with d to obtain L3, and connecting d with a to obtain L4;
step four, wherein L1 ═ L3, L2 ═ L4, the surface S of the top end of the building can be obtained through a formula L1 ═ L2 ═ S;
the specific calculation process of the height of the building is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: setting a mark post with a preset height of K, controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to vertically ascend to the height of K, and recording the time T1 taken by the unmanned aerial vehicle to ascend to the height of K;
step two: the climbing height E of the airplane in unit time can be obtained through a formula K/T-I;
step three: when the unmanned aerial vehicle starts to climb to the highest position of the building, timing is started, and when the unmanned aerial vehicle climbs to the highest position of the building, timing is stopped, so that the time T2 when the unmanned aerial vehicle climbs to the height of the building can be obtained;
step four: obtaining a height value X of the building through a formula I T2 ═ X;
the data classification module is used for classifying the received data, and classifying the received data into a small building, a medium building and a large building, wherein the specific classification process is as follows;
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the heights of all buildings and the surface areas of the top ends of the buildings, and respectively marking the heights and the surface areas as Ei and Si, wherein i is 1 … … n;
step two: obtaining a ratio Qi of the building height to the area of the top end of the building through a formula Ei/Si (equal to Qi);
step three: when Qi is smaller than a preset value, the building is judged to be a small building;
step four: when Qi is between preset values, the building is judged to be a medium building;
step five: and when the Qi is larger than the preset value, judging that the building is a large building.
The specific model establishing process of the model establishing module is as follows;
the method comprises the following steps: the model building module receives the map information provided by the big data acquisition module, and builds a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the midpoint in the map information as an origin;
step two: extracting top images of all buildings, connecting points a and c on all the buildings to obtain a straight line L5, and connecting points b and d to obtain a straight line L6;
step four: a straight line L5 and L6 are crossed to obtain a point Xi, i is 1 … … n;
step five: the distance from point X to the X-axis is A1, and the distance from point X to the y-axis is A2
Step six: the coordinates of the point Xi are X (A1, A2), and the coordinates of the point Xi are the coordinate position information of the building corresponding to the point Xi;
the comparison module can guide the previously established model collected by the big data acquisition module into the model establishment module for comparison, and the model comparison process can be displayed on the model preview module.
The track positioned by the path track positioning module is transmitted to a vehicle-mounted electronic map, and the vehicle-mounted electronic map is displayed on a display screen.
The general control module is also in wireless connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle and is also used for controlling unmanned aerial vehicle flight.
The utility model provides a three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial is shot, at the during operation, the user can control unmanned aerial vehicle through control module and take off, and unmanned aerial vehicle takes off back data acquisition module and can begin to calculate the height and the roof area of each building promptly, and the process of just taking off of roof area is as follows: the data acquisition module is taken to the top end of the building by an unmanned aerial vehicle, images at the top end of the building are shot, images at the top end of the building in the images are extracted, four corners of the building in the images are marked as a, b, c and d respectively, a is connected with b to obtain a straight line L1, b is connected with c to obtain a straight line L2, c is connected with d to obtain L3, d is connected with a to obtain L4, wherein L1 is L3, L2 is L4, the surface S of the building at the top end can be obtained by a formula L1 is L2 is S, and the height of the building is calculated as follows: setting a marker post with the preset height K, controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to vertically rise to the height K, recording the time T1 taken by the unmanned aerial vehicle to rise to the height K, obtaining the climbing height E of the aircraft in unit time by a formula K/T ═ I, starting timing when the unmanned aerial vehicle starts climbing, stopping timing when the unmanned aerial vehicle climbs to the highest position of the building, obtaining the time T2 when the unmanned aerial vehicle climbs to the height of the building, obtaining the height number X of the building by a formula I T2 ═ X, collecting image information of the building by an image collecting module, sending the collected data and the image information to a data receiving module by an unmanned aerial vehicle, sending the data to a data processing module for processing by the data receiving module, sending the processed novel building to an information classification module for data classification, and obtaining the ratio Q of the height of the building to the area of the top end by the formula Ei/Si ═ Qi by the data classification module, when Qi is smaller than the preset value, the building is judged to be a small building, when Qi is between the preset values, the building is judged to be a medium building, when Qi is larger than the preset value, the building is judged to be a large building, classified data can be sent to the master control module, the master control module sends out a control instruction control model building module to build the received data into a city model, the large data acquisition module can acquire the previously built model and send model information to the comparison module to be compared with the model just built, and the model information is displayed on the model preview module to enable a user to visually know the development condition of the city.
Firstly, the invention can be realized by the following data classification module: the ratio Qi of the height of the building to the top end area of the building can be obtained through a formula Ei/Si (equal to Qi), the building is divided into different types according to the ratio, and component models are obtained according to different types, so that the constructed model is more accurate, the condition that the component models have overlarge deviation is avoided, meanwhile, the height of the building and the roof area of the building are measured in real time by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, the accuracy of modeling data is further ensured, the system can construct a more accurate model, and the system is more applicable and popularized;
according to the invention, through the arranged comparison module, a user can intuitively know the difference between the existing model and the model formed by the conventional components after the model is built, so that the development change of each region of a city can be better known.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and various modifications, additions or substitutions may be made to the specific embodiments described by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (5)
1. A three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography is characterized by comprising an unmanned aerial vehicle, a data acquisition module, an image acquisition module, a data receiving module, a data processing module, a data classification module, a master control module, a model building module, a model preview module, a comparison module and a big data acquisition module;
the data acquisition module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle module, the image acquisition module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle module, the unmanned aerial vehicle is in wireless connection with the data receiving module, the data receiving module is in communication connection with the data processing module, the data processing module is in communication connection with the data classification module, the data classification module is in communication connection with the general control module, the general control module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, the model preview module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, the comparison module is in communication connection with the model establishing module, and the big data acquisition module is in communication connection with the comparison module;
the data acquisition module and the image acquisition module are both arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the height and the surface area of the photographed building, the image acquisition module is used for acquiring image information of each building, the data receiving module is used for acquiring data acquired by the data acquisition module and image information acquired by the image acquisition module, the data processing module is used for processing the data received by the data receiving module, the data classifying module is used for classifying the received data, the master control module is used for sending control instructions to control the model building module to build a model, the model previewing module is used for previewing the built model by a user, the big data acquisition module is used for acquiring past model information, and the comparison module is used for comparing the past model information acquired by big data with the established model content;
the content specifically acquired by the data acquisition module comprises the surface area of the upper end of the floor and the height of the building, and the specific calculation process of the surface area of the upper end of the floor is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the data acquisition module is carried to the top end of the building by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and images of the top end of the building are shot;
step two: extracting images at the top of buildings in the images, and marking four corner marks of the buildings in the images as a, b, c and d respectively;
step three: connecting a with b to obtain a straight line L1, connecting b with c to obtain a straight line L2, connecting c with d to obtain L3, and connecting d with a to obtain L4;
step four, wherein L1 is L3, L2 is L4, and the surface S of the top end of the building can be obtained through the formula L1 is L2 is S;
the specific calculation process of the height of the building is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: setting a mark post with a preset height of K, controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to vertically lift to the height of K, and recording the time T1 for the unmanned aerial vehicle to lift to the height of K;
step two: the climbing height E of the airplane in unit time can be obtained through a formula K/T-I;
step three: timing is started when the unmanned aerial vehicle starts to climb to the highest position of the building, and timing is stopped when the unmanned aerial vehicle climbs to the highest position of the building, so that the time T2 when the unmanned aerial vehicle climbs to the height of the building can be obtained;
step four: obtaining a height value X of the building through a formula I T2 ═ X;
the data classification module is used for classifying the received data, and classifying the received data into a small building, a medium building and a large building, wherein the specific classification process is as follows;
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the heights and the top surface areas of all buildings, and respectively marking the heights and the top surface areas as Ei and Si, wherein i is 1 … … n;
step two: obtaining a ratio Qi of the building height to the area of the top end of the building through a formula Ei/Si (equal to Qi);
step three: when Qi is smaller than a preset value, the building is judged to be a small building;
step four: when Qi is between preset values, the building is judged to be a medium building;
step five: and when the Qi is larger than the preset value, judging that the building is a large building.
2. The three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography according to claim 1, wherein the specific model building process of the model building module is as follows;
the method comprises the following steps: the model building module receives the map information provided by the big data acquisition module, and builds a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the midpoint in the map information as an origin;
step two: extracting top images of all buildings, connecting points a and c on all the buildings to obtain a straight line L5, and connecting points b and d to obtain a straight line L6;
step four: a straight line L5 and L6 are crossed to obtain a point Xi, i is 1 … … n;
step five: the distance from point X to the X-axis is A1, and the distance from point X to the y-axis is A2
Step six: the coordinates of the point Xi are X (a1, a2), and the coordinates of the point Xi are coordinate position information of the building corresponding to the point Xi.
3. The three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography of claim 1, wherein the comparison module imports the previously built model collected by the big data collection module into the model building module for comparison, and the process of the model comparison is displayed on the model preview module.
4. The aerial photography-based three-dimensional city information model building system according to claim 1, wherein the model preview module can be a display, a smart phone or a smart tablet computer.
5. The three-dimensional city information model building system based on aerial photography of claim 1, wherein the master control module is further in wireless connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the master control module is further used for controlling unmanned aerial vehicle flight.
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