CN109765175B - Ice adhesion normal force testing method and device - Google Patents
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for testing ice adhesion normal force. The method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a low-temperature refrigeration environment box (1), a spray head (2), a closed air box (3), a sample to be tested (4), a fastener (5), a closed air box metal porous cover plate (7), a fixing clamp (8) and a high-sensitivity air pressure sensor (9), wherein the closed air box (3), the sample to be tested, the fastener (5), the closed air box metal porous cover plate and the high-sensitivity air pressure sensor are arranged in the low-temperature; the device also comprises an adjustable pneumatic pump (10), an inflatable sleeve (11) and a computer (13); the method and the device fill the blank that no method and device for accurately measuring the normal force of ice adhesion exist at present, have important practical significance for the development of ice coating prevention technologies in the fields of aviation, wind turbines and the like, and have important scientific significance for academic research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material surface performance testing, in particular to a high-precision ice adhesion normal force testing method and device.
Background
The ice coating phenomenon is very common in cold seasons, and can cause large-scale icing and frost in the fields of railways, power transmission lines, wind turbines, aviation and the like, thereby not only causing huge economic loss, but also causing great inconvenience for the life of people. Therefore, the development of a technique for efficiently preventing and removing ice is of great social significance. At present, the super-hydrophobic anti-icing material based on bionics is widely concerned by researchers because the ice layer can be easily removed due to the special microstructure on the surface of the material, so that the comprehensive deicing energy consumption is effectively reduced. Therefore, as one of the key indexes, how to accurately measure the ice adhesion performance of the surface of the anti-icing material has important scientific significance for the development of the anti-icing technology.
At present, a high-precision ice adhesion normal force testing device and a corresponding method are not available, so that the establishment of the high-precision ice adhesion normal force testing method is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the ice adhesion normal force testing device and the ice adhesion normal force testing method which are high in precision, good in stability and simple and convenient to operate, so that the blank that no method or device for accurately measuring the ice adhesion normal force exists at present is filled, and a precious evaluation system is provided for the rapid development of an anti-icing and deicing technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an ice adhesion normal force testing device comprising: the device comprises a low-temperature refrigeration environment box (1), a spray head (2), a closed air box (3), a sample to be tested (4), a fastener (5), a closed air box metal porous top cover (7), a fixing clamp (8) and a high-sensitivity air pressure sensor (9), wherein the closed air box (3), the sample to be tested, the fastener (5), the closed air box metal porous top cover (7) and the high-sensitivity air pressure sensor are arranged in the; the device also comprises an adjustable pneumatic pump (10), an inflatable sleeve (11) and a computer (13); the spray head (2) is arranged on the top layer of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box and is used for spraying the supercooled distilled water to the surface of a sample (4) to be tested, the top layer of the closed air box is a metal porous top cover capable of replacing closed air boxes with different specifications, an opening on one side of the closed air box (3) is connected with an inflation sleeve (11), and the adjustable air pressure pump (10) inflates air into the closed air box (3) through the inflation sleeve (11); the other parts of the sealed air box (3) except the sealed air box metal porous top cover at the top are kept airtight, and a high-sensitivity air pressure sensor (9) is arranged on the inner wall of the sealed air box and connected to a computer to transmit data to the computer in real time; the sample (4) to be tested has porous shape characteristics completely corresponding to the metal porous top cover of the closed gas box; and the fixing clamp (8) is used for fixing the sample to be tested on the metal porous top cover of the closed gas box.
According to the ice adhesion normal force testing device, the spraying speed of the spray head (2) is adjustable within the range of 0.5-15 m/s, and distilled water for spraying is supercooled water at the temperature lower than 0 ℃.
The ice adhesion normal force testing device is characterized in that the temperature change range of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box (1) is 0-50 ℃.
The ice adhesion normal force testing device further comprises an adjustable supporting platform (12), and the adjustable pneumatic pump (10) is fixed on the adjustable supporting platform (12) to adjust the height of the adjustable pneumatic pump.
The ice adhesion normal force testing device is characterized in that the size of the metal porous top cover 7 of the closed air box is 20mm multiplied by 20 mm-60 mm multiplied by 60mm, holes are uniformly opened, the diameter of each hole is 1mm, and the density is 25/100mm2(ii) a The thickness range is 0.5 mm-1 mm.
The ice adhesion normal force testing device is characterized in that the high-sensitivity air pressure sensor (9) and the closed air box (3) are tightly connected together through screws.
The method for testing according to any one of the ice adhesion normal force testing devices, comprising the steps of:
1) placing a sample to be tested with porous shape characteristics on a metal porous top cover of a closed gas box, and keeping the sample to be tested and the porous metal top cover aligned to ensure that the pore positions are completely overlapped;
2) setting the temperature of a low-temperature refrigeration environment box, closing a door of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box, spraying supercooled water vapor to the surface of a sample by using a spray head, observing the icing process of the water vapor on the surface of the sample to be detected until icicles are completely formed, and closing a spray head valve;
3) opening an inflation sleeve valve, inflating air into the closed air box at a constant speed by using the pneumatic pump until ice is separated from the surface of the sample to be tested, recording the air pressure when the ice is separated from the surface of the sample to be tested by using the computer, and then closing the pneumatic pump to stop inflating;
4) and calculating to obtain the normal force value of ice adhesion on the surface of the sample to be measured.
The test method of claim 7, wherein: said step 4), according to the following formula:
wherein τ is the ice adhesion normal force; p is the air pressure required when the ice is separated from the surface of the sample to be measured and recorded by the computer; s1 is the total area size of the pores on the contact surface of the sample and the ice; s2 is the area of the sample on the ice contact surface except the pore; and calculating to obtain the normal force value of ice adhesion on the surface of the sample to be measured.
According to the test method, the spray head in the step 2) sprays the supercooled water vapor to the surface of the sample, so that the supercooled water vapor is frozen on the surface of the sample and covers the pores of the sample to be tested, but cannot cover the fixing clamp on the edge of the sample to be tested.
In the testing method, the ice type of the ice column in the step 2) is open ice, frost ice or mixed ice, and the thickness of the ice column is 1-2 mm.
The invention provides a high-precision ice adhesion normal force testing method and device, which have the following characteristics:
1) the method has the advantages of high precision, excellent controllability and good universality, and can adjust the size according to the requirement and meet the corresponding test requirement.
2) The method has the advantages of good stability, simple and convenient operation, convenient maintenance, good repeatability and higher application value.
3) The method has important practical significance for the development of ice coating prevention technologies in the fields of aviation, wind turbines and the like, and also has important scientific significance for academic research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a test module and an inflation module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the testing method of the present invention.
1. A low temperature refrigeration environment box; 2. a spray head; 3. sealing the air box; 4. a sample to be tested; 5. screws (fasteners); 6. ice columns; 7. a metal porous top cover of the closed gas tank; 8. fixing the clamp; 9. a highly sensitive barometric sensor; 10. the adjustable pneumatic pump; 11. an inflatable sleeve; 12. the adjustable supporting platform; 13. and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a high-precision ice adhesion normal force testing method which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, using an aluminum alloy as a base material, processing a porous structure corresponding to a sealed air box metal porous top cover 7, enabling the size of the porous structure to be 30mm multiplied by 2mm, enabling the diameter of a pore to be 1mm, sequentially adopting No. 1-6 metallographic abrasive paper to polish the surface of the base material until no scratch position exists under visual observation, then mechanically polishing the base material until no obvious scratch exists under a metallographic microscope, then respectively ultrasonically cleaning the base material for 10min by using ethanol and distilled water, and drying the base material for later use.
And secondly, opening the high-sensitivity air pressure sensor 9 of the closed air box, covering the sealing ring and the closed air box metal porous top cover 7, screwing the high-sensitivity air pressure sensor and the closed air box metal porous top cover tightly, placing the aluminum alloy sample in the center of the closed air box metal porous top cover, enabling the pore of the aluminum alloy sample to be superposed with the pore of the closed air box metal porous top cover, pressing the fixing clamp 8 on the surface of the sample 4 to be tested, and fastening the aluminum alloy sample by using a screw. Setting the temperature of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box at minus 30 ℃, opening a nozzle valve, regulating and controlling the injection speed to be 1m/s, and stopping injecting the supercooled water vapor until icicles are formed.
And thirdly, opening a valve of an inflating sleeve 11, sending a digital signal instruction at the same time, enabling a pneumatic pump to inflate into a closed air box 3 at a constant speed, observing a dynamic image of the change of the air pressure data value acquired by an air pressure sensor on a computer along with time until the air pressure value is suddenly reduced, namely, ice is separated from the surface of the sample 4 to be tested under the action of vertically upward air pressure, closing the equipment, recording the separated air pressure peak data into a table, and calculating the ice adhesion normal force tau to be about 952kPa through the total surface area of pores of the sample to be tested and the actual coverage area of the ice on the surface of the sample.
Example 2
The invention provides a high-precision ice adhesion normal force testing method which comprises the following steps:
firstly, Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is used as a base material, a porous structure corresponding to a sealed air box metal porous top cover is processed, the size of the porous structure is 60mm multiplied by 2mm, a circular hole with the pore diameter of 1mm is formed, the surface of the base material is polished by 1-6 metallographic abrasive paper in sequence until no scratch position exists under visual observation, then the base material is mechanically polished until no obvious scratch exists under a metallographic microscope, and then the base material is ultrasonically cleaned for 10min by ethanol and distilled water respectively and dried for later use.
And secondly, opening a high-sensitivity air pressure sensor of the closed air box, covering a sealing ring and the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, screwing down the sealing ring and the metal porous top cover by using a fastening screw, placing the aluminum alloy sample in the center of the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, enabling the pore of the aluminum alloy sample to coincide with the pore of the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, pressing the fixing clamp on the surface of the sample, and fastening by using a screw. Setting the temperature of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box to be-20 ℃, opening a nozzle valve, regulating and controlling the injection speed to be 5m/s, and stopping injecting the supercooled water vapor until icicles are formed.
And thirdly, opening a valve of an inflating sleeve 11, sending a digital signal instruction at the same time, enabling the air pressure pump to inflate into the closed air box 3 at a constant speed, observing a dynamic image of the change of the air pressure data value acquired by an air pressure sensor on the computer along with time until the air pressure value is suddenly reduced, namely, ice is separated from the surface of the sample 4 to be tested under the action of the vertically upward air pressure, closing the equipment, recording data of the air pressure peak value during separation into a table, and calculating the ice adhesion normal force tau to be about 768kPa through the total surface area of pores of the sample to be tested and the actual coverage area of the ice on the surface of the sample.
Example 3
The invention provides a high-precision ice adhesion normal force testing method which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, processing a porous structure corresponding to a sealed gas box metal porous top cover by taking a magnesium alloy as a base material, grinding the surface of the base material by sequentially adopting No. 1-6 metallographic abrasive paper until no scratch position exists under visual observation, then mechanically polishing the base material until no obvious scratch exists under a metallographic microscope, then ultrasonically cleaning the base material for 10min by using ethanol and distilled water respectively, and drying the base material for later use, wherein the size of the porous structure is 30mm multiplied by 2mm, and the diameter of a pore is 1 mm.
And secondly, opening a high-sensitivity air pressure sensor of the closed air box, covering a sealing ring and the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, screwing down the sealing ring and the metal porous top cover by using a fastening screw, placing the aluminum alloy sample in the center of the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, enabling the pore of the aluminum alloy sample to coincide with the pore of the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, pressing the fixing clamp on the surface of the sample, and fastening by using a screw. Setting the temperature of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box to be-10 ℃, opening a nozzle valve, regulating and controlling the injection speed to be 5m/s, and stopping injecting the supercooled water vapor until icicles are formed.
And thirdly, opening a valve of an inflating sleeve 11, sending a digital signal instruction at the same time, enabling a pneumatic pump to inflate into a closed air box 3 at a constant speed, observing a dynamic image of the change of the air pressure data value acquired by an air pressure sensor on a computer along with time until the air pressure value is suddenly reduced, namely, ice is separated from the surface of the sample 4 to be tested under the action of vertically upward air pressure, closing the equipment, recording the separated air pressure peak data into a table, and calculating the ice adhesion normal force tau to be about 709kPa through the total surface area of pores of the sample to be tested and the actual coverage area of the ice on the surface of the sample.
Example 4
The invention provides a high-precision ice adhesion normal force testing method which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, processing a porous structure corresponding to a metal porous top cover of the sealed air box by using a hydrophobic polymer PDMS as a base material, wherein the size of the porous structure is 30mm multiplied by 2mm, the diameter of a pore is 1mm of a circular hole, grinding the surface of the base material by using No. 1-6 metallographic abrasive paper in sequence until no scratch position exists under the observation of naked eyes, then mechanically polishing the base material until no obvious scratch exists under a metallographic microscope, then respectively ultrasonically cleaning the base material for 10min by using ethanol and distilled water, and drying the base material for later use.
And secondly, opening a high-sensitivity air pressure sensor of the closed air box, covering a sealing ring and the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, screwing down the sealing ring and the metal porous top cover by using a fastening screw, placing the aluminum alloy sample in the center of the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, enabling the pore of the aluminum alloy sample to coincide with the pore of the metal porous top cover of the closed air box, pressing the fixing clamp on the surface of the sample, and fastening by using a screw. Setting the temperature of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box at-30 ℃, opening a nozzle valve, regulating and controlling the injection speed to be 5m/s, and stopping injecting the supercooled water vapor until icicles are formed.
And thirdly, opening a valve of the inflating sleeve 11, sending a digital signal instruction at the same time, inflating the air pressure pump into the closed air box 3 at a constant speed, observing a dynamic image of the change of the air pressure data value acquired by the air pressure sensor on the computer along with time until the air pressure value is suddenly reduced, namely, the ice is separated from the surface of the sample 4 to be tested under the action of the vertically upward air pressure, closing the equipment, recording the separated air pressure peak data into a table, and calculating the ice adhesion normal force tau to be about 236kPa through the total surface area of the pores of the sample to be tested and the actual coverage area of the ice on the surface of the sample.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An ice adhesion normal force testing device, comprising: the device comprises a low-temperature refrigeration environment box (1), a spray head (2), a closed air box (3), a sample to be tested (4), a fastener (5), a closed air box metal porous top cover (7), a fixing clamp (8) and a high-sensitivity air pressure sensor (9), wherein the closed air box (3), the sample to be tested, the fastener (5), the closed air box metal porous top cover (7) and the high-sensitivity air pressure sensor are arranged in the; the device also comprises an adjustable pneumatic pump (10), an inflatable sleeve (11) and a computer (13); the spray head (2) is arranged on the top layer of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box and is used for spraying the supercooled distilled water to the surface of a sample (4) to be tested, the top layer of the closed air box is a metal porous top cover capable of replacing closed air boxes with different specifications, an opening on one side of the closed air box (3) is connected with an inflation sleeve (11), and the adjustable air pressure pump (10) inflates air into the closed air box (3) through the inflation sleeve (11); the other parts of the sealed air box (3) except the sealed air box metal porous top cover at the top are kept airtight, and a high-sensitivity air pressure sensor (9) is arranged on the inner wall of the sealed air box and connected to a computer to transmit data to the computer in real time; the sample (4) to be tested has porous shape characteristics completely corresponding to the metal porous top cover of the closed gas box; and the fixing clamp (8) is used for fixing the sample to be tested on the metal porous top cover of the closed gas box.
2. The ice adhesion normal force testing device of claim 1, wherein: the spraying speed of the spray head (2) is adjustable within 0.5-15 m/s, and the distilled water used for spraying is supercooled water with the temperature lower than 0 ℃.
3. The ice adhesion normal force testing device of claim 1, wherein: the temperature variation range of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box (1) is 0 ℃ to-50 ℃.
4. The ice adhesion normal force testing device of claim 1, wherein: the adjustable pneumatic pump is characterized by further comprising an adjustable supporting platform (12), wherein the adjustable pneumatic pump (10) is fixed on the adjustable supporting platform (12) and the height of the adjustable pneumatic pump is adjusted.
5. The ice adhesion normal force testing device of claim 1, wherein: air-tight sealThe size of the box metal porous top cover (7) is 20mm multiplied by 20 mm-60 mm multiplied by 60mm, the holes are uniformly opened, the diameter of each hole is 1mm, and the density is 25/100mm2(ii) a The thickness range is 0.5 mm-1 mm.
6. The ice adhesion normal force testing device of claim 1, wherein: the high-sensitivity air pressure sensor (9) is tightly connected with the closed air box (3) through screws.
7. The method for testing an ice adhesion normal force test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) placing a sample to be tested with porous shape characteristics on a metal porous top cover of a closed gas box, and keeping the sample to be tested and the porous metal top cover aligned to ensure that the pore positions are completely overlapped;
2) setting the temperature of a low-temperature refrigeration environment box, closing a door of the low-temperature refrigeration environment box, spraying supercooled water vapor to the surface of a sample by using a spray head, observing the icing process of the water vapor on the surface of the sample to be detected until icicles are completely formed, and closing a spray head valve;
3) opening an inflation sleeve valve, inflating air into the closed air box at a constant speed by using the pneumatic pump until ice is separated from the surface of the sample to be tested, recording the air pressure when the ice is separated from the surface of the sample to be tested by using the computer, and then closing the pneumatic pump to stop inflating;
4) and calculating to obtain the normal force value of ice adhesion on the surface of the sample to be measured.
8. The test method of claim 7, wherein: said step 4), according to the following formula:
wherein τ is the ice adhesion normal force; p is the air pressure required when the ice is separated from the surface of the sample to be measured and recorded by the computer; s1 is the total area size of the pores on the contact surface of the sample and the ice; s2 is the area of the sample on the ice contact surface except the pore; and calculating to obtain the normal force value of ice adhesion on the surface of the sample to be measured.
9. The test method of claim 7, wherein: and (3) spraying supercooled water vapor to the surface of the sample by the spray head in the step 2), so that the supercooled water vapor is frozen on the surface of the sample and covers the pores of the sample to be detected, but cannot cover the fixing clamp on the edge of the sample to be detected.
10. The test method of claim 7, wherein: the ice type of the icicles in the step 2) is open ice, frost ice or mixed ice, and the thickness of the icicles is 1-2 mm.
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| CN116164928B (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-07-07 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Icing adhesion force measurement system and method for icing wind tunnel test |
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| CN103776763B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-08-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | Rotating cylindrical freeze with ice sheet adhesion measure experimental provision and measuring method |
| CN104568743B (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2017-04-19 | 南昌航空大学 | Testing device for vertical bonding strength of ice layers on surface of material and testing method thereof |
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| CN208125591U (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-20 | 吉林大学 | A kind of normal direction Freezing adhesive strength test device of ice |
| CN108645791A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-10-12 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of icing adhesion strength test device |
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