CN109764814B - Ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitor and monitoring method - Google Patents
Ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitor and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitor and a monitoring method. The invention can detect the horizontal and vertical displacement changes of the ground cracks at the same time, and give an alarm when the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement reach the maximum preset value, thereby having simplicity and intuitiveness for monitoring the ground crack activity and higher popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring, in particular to monitoring of horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of a ground crack.
Background
Ground subsidence is a geological disaster that slowly changes, accumulates and is difficult to treat quickly and effectively. The current area with the accumulated ground settlement exceeding 200 mm reaches 7.9 Km 2 in the country, and the current area has a further expanding trend, and great harm is brought to the sustainable development of cities.
Ground subsidence and ground crack deformation monitoring are the basis for treating ground subsidence and disaster early warning. The long-term continuous monitoring with pertinence plays an important role in preventing and treating ground subsidence and ground crack deformation, and provides a large amount of basic data for the mechanism research of ground subsidence and the prevention and treatment work.
The existing ground crack monitoring method and device are easily affected by factors such as topography, weather and the like, are unfavorable for all-weather and real-time monitoring, have complex structure and high cost, and are unfavorable for popularization and application. Chinese patent CN108253890a discloses a method and apparatus for monitoring the space state of a ground crack based on laser ranging and graphic processing technology, which uses the analysis result of laser spot position image to obtain the dislocation and crack displacement of the ground crack, uses multiple laser ranging sensors to obtain the vertical displacement, and further obtains the space state monitoring result. The defects are that: the operation is complex, the calculated amount is large, and the alarm can not be given to the ground crack when the allowable activity is exceeded.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitor and a monitoring method, which can simply, conveniently and intuitively monitor the ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement change in real time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a horizontal vertical displacement monitor of ground crack, includes laser reflection target, is used for projecting laser to this laser reflection target and receives laser reflection signal's laser sensor and is used for transmitting the data collection module of this laser sensor's detection signal to the computer, laser reflection target and laser sensor set up respectively in ground crack both sides, and the target surface of laser reflection target (be used for reflecting laser) has a plurality of horizontal bar protruding (for example top-down interval arrangement) of mutual interval.
Preferably, the laser reflection target comprises a reflector and a plurality of reflective inserting sheets (used for forming the horizontal strip-shaped protrusions) which are arranged on the reflector at intervals and have a certain thickness.
Preferably, the interval distances of the adjacent reflective inserting sheets are equal, the interval distances determine the measurement precision of the vertical displacement of the ground cracks, the selection of the interval distances is influenced by parameters of the laser sensor, the smaller the interval distances are, the higher the measurement precision of the corresponding vertical displacement is, and the interval distances can be less than or equal to 1cm.
Preferably, the horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (i.e., the above-mentioned inserting sheets) of the laser reflection target are divided into two types, the protruding length of one type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (also referred to as long inserting sheets) is larger than that of the other type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (also referred to as short inserting sheets), wherein the number of the one type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (long inserting sheets) with larger length is more than 1, a plurality of short inserting sheets positioned at the top, the bottom and the middle positions can be selected, and the protruding length of the one type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (long inserting sheets) is properly increased, namely, the one type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (long inserting sheets) are generally positioned at one side (i.e., 1 alarm limit is set for vertical displacement of a ground crack) with smaller length of the other type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (short inserting sheets) arranged at intervals), or the other type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (short inserting sheets) with smaller length of the other type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions (short inserting sheets) arranged at intervals are separated by a certain number (i.e., 1 or more alarm limits can be set for vertical displacement of a ground crack).
Preferably, the computer includes a human-computer interaction interface including an interface area for displaying a detection signal of the laser sensor or a corresponding image of a time-varying distance (between the laser sensor and the target), and an interface area for displaying alarm information when the ground-fault horizontal and/or vertical displacement reaches an overrun (displacement amount is greater than a set limit value) state.
A ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitoring method comprises the following steps:
1) Arranging the laser reflection targets and the laser sensors on two sides of the ground cracks respectively, enabling the laser reflection targets to move together with the ground cracks (fixing the positions of the laser sensors), and connecting the data collection module with the laser sensors and a computer respectively;
2) After monitoring starts, the laser sensor projects laser to the laser reflection target, the laser is reflected by a horizontal strip-shaped bulge (for example, the opposite side of the inserting sheet and the laser sensor) of the laser reflection target or a target surface area between the horizontal strip-shaped bulges, the laser sensor receives laser reflection signals, so as to generate detection signals, the detection signals are sent to a computer by a data collecting module, the detection signals of the laser sensor at different moments are recorded by the computer, waveforms of the detection signals are output, and the computer generates images of the corresponding distance between the laser sensor and the laser reflection target (the laser is projected to the target surface position) along with time according to the waveforms.
Preferably, the computer calculates the ground crack horizontal displacement measurement value of any one of the respective moments relative to the monitoring initial moment according to the detection signals corresponding to the moments outside the signal mutation zone caused by the projection of the laser to the horizontal stripe-shaped protrusion in the recorded detection signals (when calculating the horizontal displacement measurement value of the corresponding moment according to the detection signals in the signal mutation zone, the reduction of the distance between the laser sensor and the laser reflection target caused by the projection of the laser to the inserting sheet needs to be considered).
Preferably, if the displacement of the ground crack in the vertical direction in the monitoring is continuously increased, the computer may calculate the ground crack vertical displacement measurement value of the current moment relative to the monitoring initial moment according to the number of the signal abrupt change sections and the interval distance of the horizontal bar protrusions (the interval distance accumulated value corresponding to the horizontal bar protrusions can be calculated) recorded before the current moment, and then referring to the position of the laser projection on the target surface at the monitoring initial moment.
Preferably, when the local crack movement range exceeds a preset limit value of horizontal displacement or vertical displacement, the computer generates and outputs alarm information.
Preferably, the preset limit of the vertical displacement is determined by a type of horizontal bar-shaped protrusion (long tab) with a large length protruding outwards (towards the laser sensor) of the target. That is, the horizontal bar-shaped protrusions (long inserting sheets) have the same function (measuring vertical displacement) as the other horizontal bar-shaped protrusions (short inserting sheets), and can also be used as a condition for judging that the vertical displacement of the ground crack reaches the limit value and giving an alarm by utilizing a specific detection signal (the voltage amplitude change is larger than that of the short inserting sheets) generated in the detection of the laser sensor. The preset limit value of the horizontal displacement is determined by the set lower limit value of the detection signal.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
According to the invention, the laser sensor synchronously scans the laser reflection targets (for example, the laser reflection targets can be formed by combining the reflecting plate and the inserting sheet) in the ground fracture activity, so that the displacement change in the ground fracture activity is intuitively and real-timely reflected by means of the detection signal (for example, voltage) of the laser sensor, and the horizontal and vertical displacement change of the ground fracture can be monitored simultaneously. The invention is based on the photoelectric detection principle, reduces the influence of the terrain and the climate on the monitoring process and the result, simplifies the monitoring equipment and the data processing flow, has simple structure, simple and convenient operation, is economical and practical, thereby remarkably reducing the investment of manpower, material resources and financial resources in the monitoring of the ground cracks, and has higher popularization and application values in the monitoring and the forecasting of the ground crack activities.
Furthermore, the invention can not only monitor and record the ground fracture activity data, but also send out an alarm when the ground fracture activity exceeds the preset limit value.
Furthermore, the invention can provide effective tools and ways for quantitative analysis of displacement change, so that the development condition of the ground fracture is clear at a glance, and the monitoring working efficiency can be remarkably improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ground fracture horizontal and vertical displacement monitor;
FIG. 2 is a front view (a) and a side view (b) of a laser reflection target in a ground fracture horizontal vertical displacement monitor;
FIG. 3 is a voltage change image (waveform diagram) and an alarm interface displayed by a ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitor through a computer;
FIG. 4 is a graph of horizontal and vertical displacement calculated from laser sensor detection data at a partial sampling time in the voltage variation image shown in FIG. 3;
In the figure: 1. a long insert; 2. a short insert; 3. a light reflecting plate; 4. laser; 5. a laser sensor; 6. a data line; 7. a data collection module; 8. and a computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Structure and working principle of horizontal and vertical displacement monitor for ground cracks
As shown in fig. 1, the horizontal and vertical displacement monitor for a ground crack according to the present invention comprises a long insert 1, a short insert 2, a reflector 3, a laser sensor 5, a data collection module 7 and a computer 8, wherein the laser sensor 5 is connected with the data collection module 7 through a data line 6, the data collection module 7 is connected with the computer 8 through another data line 6, and the laser sensor 5 projects laser 4 onto a laser reflection target composed of the reflector 3, the long insert 1 and a plurality of short inserts 2.
Referring to fig. 2, in the laser reflection target, the interval between adjacent inserting sheets (between the long inserting sheet and the short inserting sheet and between the short inserting sheets) can be adjusted according to the actual displacement measurement precision requirement and the sensitivity of the laser sensor, and the long inserting sheet 1 is positioned above all the short inserting sheets 2. The laser sensor 5 emits horizontal laser 4 to be projected on a laser reflection target, and the laser sensor 5 generates corresponding detection voltage according to the received reflected light signal along with the change of the distance between the laser sensor 5 and the projection position of the laser on the target surface (the larger the distance is, the smaller the detection voltage is, the smaller the distance is, the larger the detection voltage is, namely, a certain proportional relation exists, and a specific proportionality coefficient can be calibrated on site according to specific equipment), so that the measurement of the horizontal displacement of the ground fracture can be realized. Along with the relative movement of the laser sensor 5 and the laser reflection target, when the projection position of the laser 4 is projected onto the long insert 1 or the short insert 2 from being positioned between two adjacent inserts or on one side of one insert, the distance between the laser sensor 5 and the projection position of the laser on the target surface is obviously reduced (the mutation of detection voltage is caused, namely, the obvious increase) and a plurality of inserts are equivalent to the scale on a scale, so that the measurement of the vertical displacement of the ground cracks (the number of scales, namely, the mutation times) can be realized.
The laser reflection targets and the laser sensors 5 are arranged at two sides of the ground cracks, so that the relative movement of the laser reflection targets and the laser sensors corresponds to the movement of the ground cracks, the laser sensors can be used for projecting laser 5 onto the laser reflection targets to acquire ground crack movement information, the data collection module 7 collects detection signals of the laser sensors 5 and transmits the detection signals to the computer 8, and then the computer 8 can be used for generating images reflecting the ground crack movement and calculating the ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement variation.
(II) ground crack monitoring application example
The laser sensor 5 adopts the loose HG-C1020, the detection signal of the laser sensor 5 is collected by a YAV USB analog quantity data collection module (serving as a data collection module 7) and transmitted to the computer 8, and the detection signal is processed by YAV high-precision UMS software installed on the computer 8. In the laser reflection target, the interval between adjacent inserting sheets is 0.5cm, wherein the length of the long inserting sheet 1 extending outwards from the reflecting plate 3 along the horizontal direction is 3cm, and the length of each short inserting sheet 2 extending outwards from the reflecting plate 3 along the horizontal direction is 1cm.
The upper disc of the ground crack is continuously cracked (horizontal displacement is increased) and is accompanied by sinking, a laser reflection target is fixed by utilizing a reflecting plate 3 with the bottom vertically inserted to one side (upper disc) of the ground crack before monitoring (the specific fixed position is as close to the ground crack as possible under the condition of considering soil stability), and a laser sensor 5 is placed on the other side (lower disc) of the ground crack and is fixed. At the initial monitoring moment, laser 4 emitted by a laser sensor 5 is projected on the lower side of the lowest short inserting sheet 2 on the reflector 3, the distance between the laser 4 and the short inserting sheet 2 is 0.5cm (so as to more accurately measure vertical displacement), and along with the horizontal movement of a ground crack, voltage signals in voltage change images (waveform diagrams in fig. 3) recorded in real time on a computer gradually change downwards along with time; if the ground crack moves horizontally and simultaneously moves vertically, the reflector 3 moves downwards along with the movement of the ground crack, at this time, since the reflector 3 is provided with a grid-shaped convex-concave structure formed by each insert, each time the laser 4 scans one insert (for example, the short insert 2), the voltage change image recorded in real time on the computer 8 will be mutated upwards once (the distance between the detection signal and the laser sensor is corresponding to the insert, the distance is suddenly reduced compared with the distance between the detection signal and the laser sensor, and the detection signal is suddenly increased) in comparison with the distance between the detection signal and the laser sensor, and the left two upwards mutated sections in the oscillogram of fig. 3 are referred to; when the laser scans the long inserting piece 1, the detection voltage also has similar mutation, but because the long inserting piece is obviously longer than the short inserting piece in the outward extending length, the mutation of the detection signal caused by the long inserting piece is larger, and the upper limit of the voltage change image is reached, see the larger mutation point at the rightmost side in the waveform diagram of fig. 3; the magnitude of the detected signal abrupt change can be distinguished by the difference in length of the vertical line segments in the waveform diagram of fig. 3. Since the distance between the inserting sheets on the reflecting plate 3 is constant, the vertical displacement of the slit can be calculated as n×0.5cm according to the number of abrupt changes n.
When the horizontal displacement or the vertical displacement reaches a preset maximum value (this maximum value can be set in the computer 8), the computer automatically alarms (the right alarm area in fig. 3 displays a red mark); if the preset maximum value is not reached, the data is recorded, so that the functions of monitoring and alarming are realized.
The recorded result of fig. 3 is selected according to a certain proportion, and the distance between the laser sensor and the target at the selected sampling point can be obtained by preprocessing according to the relation between the voltage and the actual distance, and along with the monitoring, the computer outputs the image form shown in fig. 4, so that the change condition of the displacement of the ground crack along with the time can be more intuitively reflected. The upward variation of the non-abrupt segment in fig. 4 corresponds to an increase in the horizontal displacement, which is determined by analysis of the number of abrupt segments.
The invention can complete monitoring by utilizing the single laser sensor by virtue of the target, thereby simplifying equipment, reducing the complexity of instrument operation, converting the change of the target coordinates into an image reflecting the displacement change, intuitively displaying the development condition of the ground cracks, and obviously improving the working efficiency of the ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitoring.
Claims (10)
1. A ground fissure horizontal vertical displacement monitor, characterized in that: the laser reflection target comprises a laser reflection target, a laser sensor (5) and a data collection module (7), wherein the target surface of the laser reflection target is provided with a plurality of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions which are spaced from each other, the laser sensor (5) is used for projecting laser (4) to the laser reflection target and receiving a laser (4) reflection signal, the data collection module (7) is used for transmitting a detection signal of the laser sensor (5) to a computer (8), and the laser reflection target and the laser sensor (5) are respectively arranged at two sides of a ground crack; the laser sensor (5) emits horizontal laser to be projected on a laser reflection target, and the laser sensor (5) generates corresponding detection voltage according to the received reflected light signal along with the change of the distance between the laser sensor (5) and the projection position of the laser on the target surface, wherein the detection voltage is smaller as the distance is larger; the smaller the distance is, the larger the detection voltage is, namely a certain proportional relation exists, and the specific proportional coefficient is calibrated on site according to specific equipment, so that the measurement of the horizontal displacement of the ground fracture is realized.
2. A ground fault horizontal vertical displacement monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the laser reflection target comprises a reflecting plate (3) and a plurality of reflecting inserting sheets which are arranged on the reflecting plate (3) at intervals.
3. A ground fault horizontal vertical displacement monitor as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the spacing distances of adjacent reflective inserting sheets are equal.
4. A ground fault horizontal vertical displacement monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the horizontal strip-shaped protrusions of the laser reflection targets are divided into two types, wherein the outward protruding length of one type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions is larger than that of the other type of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions, the horizontal strip-shaped protrusions with larger length are located on one sides of the horizontal strip-shaped protrusions with smaller length, which are arranged at intervals, or the horizontal strip-shaped protrusions with larger length separate the horizontal strip-shaped protrusions with smaller length, which are arranged at intervals.
5. A ground fault horizontal vertical displacement monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the computer (8) comprises a man-machine interaction interface comprising an interface area for displaying a detection signal of the laser sensor (5) or a corresponding image of the distance over time, and an interface area for displaying alarm information when the horizontal and/or vertical displacement of the ground fissure reaches an overrun state.
6. A method for monitoring the horizontal and vertical displacement of a ground crack by using the monitor for the horizontal and vertical displacement of a ground crack according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) The laser sensor (5) and the laser reflection targets with the target surfaces provided with a plurality of horizontal strip-shaped protrusions which are mutually spaced are respectively arranged at two sides of the ground crack, so that the laser reflection targets can move together with the ground crack, and the data collection module (7) is respectively connected with the laser sensor (5) and the computer (8);
2) After monitoring starts, the laser sensor (5) projects laser (4) to the laser reflection target, the laser (4) is reflected by the target surface of the laser reflection target, the laser sensor (5) receives laser (4) reflection signals, a computer (8) records detection signals of the laser sensor (5) at different moments and outputs waveforms of the detection signals, and the computer (8) generates corresponding images of the distance between the laser sensor (5) and the laser reflection target, which change along with time, according to the waveforms.
7. The method for monitoring the horizontal and vertical displacement of the ground fissure of claim 6, wherein: the computer (8) calculates and obtains the ground crack horizontal displacement measurement value of any one of the moments relative to the monitoring initial moment according to the detection signals corresponding to the moments outside the signal abrupt change section caused by the projection of the laser (4) to the horizontal bar-shaped bulge in the recorded detection signals.
8. The method for monitoring the horizontal and vertical displacement of the ground fissure of claim 7, wherein: and the computer (8) calculates and obtains the vertical displacement measurement value of the ground crack at the current moment relative to the monitoring initial moment according to the number of the signal abrupt change sections recorded before the current moment and the interval distance of the horizontal strip-shaped protrusions.
9. The method for monitoring the horizontal and vertical displacement of the ground fissure of claim 6, wherein: and when the local crack movement range exceeds the preset limit value of the horizontal displacement or the vertical displacement, the computer (8) generates and outputs alarm information.
10. The method for monitoring the horizontal and vertical displacement of the ground fissure according to claim 9, wherein: the preset limit value of the vertical displacement is determined by a horizontal strip-shaped protrusion with a larger length protruding outwards from the target surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910185005.9A CN109764814B (en) | 2019-03-12 | Ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitor and monitoring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910185005.9A CN109764814B (en) | 2019-03-12 | Ground crack horizontal and vertical displacement monitor and monitoring method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109764814A CN109764814A (en) | 2019-05-17 |
| CN109764814B true CN109764814B (en) | 2024-06-07 |
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