CN109764680A - A kind of method that small cup is built in natural gas firing - Google Patents
A kind of method that small cup is built in natural gas firing Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of firing of natural gas and builds a method, its burning process includes heating, constant temperature, reduction, temperature-fall period, hot stage restores number requirement 3 times or more, temperature-fall period restores number requirement 6 times or more, entire sintering procedure maximum temperature is 1300 DEG C, and oily bavin is used in reduction sintering procedure.The present invention builds small cup using natural gas firing, is conducive to expand and builds a production scale, preferably succession, which is carried forward, builds a non-material cultural heritage.Natural gas kiln burns the firing success for building small cup, is to build small cup to fire historic breakthrough.In addition, detailed control of the application by the temperature to each stage, can reach optimal firing effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a burning techniques fields of building more particularly to a kind of natural gas to fire the method for building small cup.
Background technique
Small cup is built, is one of eight big porcelain in China, claims temmoku teacup in Japan, it is intended that the black glaze tea bowl for firing of putting up a kiln is built
The black glaze small cup of kiln.Putting up a kiln is one of eight big kilns in China, and it is rare top grade, in the world existing three transmutation that small cup is built in transmutation
A product is built, is collected by Japan and is listed as national treasure.Song Dynasty puts up a kiln produced black glazed ware device, and the overwhelming majority is teacup, is referred to as
" building small cup ".The representative that small cup is black glazed ware device is built, was once royal hired tea set in the Song Dynasty.Current research suggests that rise of putting up a kiln
In late Tang and Five dynasties, it is contained in the Song Dynasty, is declined in the Yuan Dynasty.It builds small cup to stop after burning centuries, in the 1980s, supporting by country's appropriation
With the research of more research institution experts, successfully has developed imitation Song-Dynasty-style typeface and build small cup.2011, " small cup of putting up a kiln fires skill " was through criticizing
Standard is put into third batch List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage.It builds small cup and is divided into the writing brush made of rabbit's hair, oil droplet and other lines by glaze texture
Reason (francolin spot, coal, sunlight becomes and variegated glaze), tire matter is thick and solid hard, and glaze is simple and unsophisticated, texture change multiplicity.Device shape is tea small cup,
Carcass is thick and heavy, and tire color is greyish black；Tire glaze combines densification, and each small cup glaze texture has uniqueness.
It is a kind of very ancient traditional craft skill that small cup of putting up a kiln, which fires skill, refers in particular to Nanping City in Fujian province Jianyang kiln
Black glaze tea small cup fires skill, be by selecting broken porcelain mine, porcelain miberal powder, elutriation, ingredient, aging, pugging, rubbing mud, throwing, repaired biscuit, element
13 procedure such as burning, glazing, loading of kiln, roasting.Building a burning process mainly includes that bavin burns imperial kiln and electrical kiln reduction technique.In order to
It protects forest resources, government's explicit order prohibits firewood kiln.According to investigation, at present Jianyang build a burning process using it is most be electrical kiln also
Former technology, accounting 90% or so.For example application No. is a kind of method for cooking for building small cup disclosed in 96100216.6 patents of invention again
And the preparation and method of small cup firing are built disclosed in the patent of invention application No. is 01139566.4, it is to be realized using electric furnace.
It is limited since traditional bavin burns imperial kiln by environmental protection, and in actual fabrication, electrical kiln there are yield rates low, small scale
The problems such as, therefore be badly in need of researching and developing the novel kiln of a kind of be suitble to put up a kiln small cup and high-efficiency environment friendly.
Summary of the invention
The brief overview about the embodiment of the present invention is given below, in order to provide about certain sides of the invention
The basic comprehension in face.It should be appreciated that outlined below is not about exhaustive general introduction of the invention.It is not intended to determine
Key or pith of the invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its purpose is only given in simplified form
Certain concepts out, taking this as a prelude to a more detailed description discussed later.
It is electrical kiln reduction technique, accounting 90% or so that Jianyang, which is built a burning process and used at most, at present.Electrical kiln is with electricity
It is carried out mostly using electric furnace heating wire, Elema or molybdenum disilicide as heat generating component by electric energy radiation and thermally conductive principle for the energy
Oxidizing atmosphere is fired.Fired using electrical kiln, general three to five layers of every kiln, every layer shelve 3 to 10 glazings build small cup, shut furnace
Behind the door, furnace temperature is gradually adjusted to 1300 degree or so.By field research electrical kiln service condition, it is uneven that there are kiln temperatures
Lead to the problem that yield rate is low, and by power limit, electrical kiln scale is generally smaller, it is difficult to accomplish industrialization production.
Very high to reducing atmosphere requirement due to building small cup firing, existing natural gas kiln is unable to meet demand, for this purpose,
A kind of saggar of achievable reducing atmosphere high request is devised, and a kind of method that small cup is built in natural gas firing is provided.
According to the one aspect of the application, a kind of method that small cup is built in natural gas firing is provided, comprising:
Step 1: setting natural gas kiln, natural gas kiln is interior to be equipped with for making the saggar of strong reducing property atmosphere and making
With the combustion system of oily bavin；
Step 2: a blank will be built and be put into the saggar of natural gas kiln；
Step 3: opening combustion system, heating rate is controlled according to heating curve.Wherein, entire natural gas is burnt
Technique processed includes heating, constant temperature, reduction, temperature-fall period, and hot stage restores number requirement 3 times or more, temperature-fall period reduction time
Number requires 6 times or more, and entire sintering procedure maximum temperature is 1300 DEG C.
In temperature-rise period, by thermocouple measurement in-furnace temperature, adjustment of combustion gas flow is interlocked by PLC control module, is risen
Warm process is controlled by PLC control module, according to temperature curve adjusting furnace temperature, precision ± 5 DEG C.
Using oily bavin in reduction sintering procedure, to realize optimal firing effect, using mode control as follows:
In the temperature rise period:
First stage: furnace temperature rises to 400 DEG C through 30min, from room temperature；
Second stage: furnace temperature rises to 750 DEG C through 60min, from room temperature；
Phase III: furnace temperature rises to 1000 DEG C through 90min, from room temperature；
Fourth stage: furnace temperature rises to 1180 DEG C through 90min, from room temperature；
5th stage: furnace temperature rises to 1300 DEG C through 80min, from room temperature；
It is executed in the constant temperature stage control as follows:
6th stage: kept for 1300 DEG C constant temperature 1 hour；
7th stage: keeping constant temperature, and carry out reduction burning, primary oily bavin was added every 5 minutes, 50 grams of each dosage is extremely
Between 80 grams；
It is executed in temperature-fall period control as follows:
8th stage: being cooled to 1100 DEG C, the used time 1 hour, during which continue to add oily bavin, the primary oily bavin every 10 minutes,
Between each 10 grams to 40 grams of dosage；
9th stage: natural cooling.
Further, the natural gas kiln includes external structure, is placed in the built-in enclosed space in external structure, combustion
Burning system and auxiliary device；External structure includes iron sheet outer casing and the flame retardant coating set on outer casing inner wall；Combustion system includes
Gas nozzle and fuel gas inlet valve；Auxiliary device includes being set at the top of external structure and through external structure with by internal gas
The chimney of discharge, the thermocouple for temperature detection and fire door lockset.Valve and kiln are two independent systems, valve
Outside kiln.It is realized by saggar in built-in enclosed space；Saggar includes the ontology realized by carbofrax material, which has
A circular hole is reserved as the throwing bavin mouth for launching oil bavin in one confined space, the front at the position of the close bottom of ontology；Oil
Bavin imperfect combustion in closed saggar generates CO, to build strong reducing property atmosphere in saggar, will build in a green body
Fe2O3It is reduced into Fe3O4, so that building small cup occurs transmutation.
Further, step 3 further include: before combustion system igniting, first draw the flashboard on chimney top to biggish
Aperture opens wicket and fire hole, and is in close state all valves.
In addition, carrying out control to heating rate is to control burnt gas valve aperture by electric thermo-couple temperature in step 3, adjust
Pressure controls heating rate, specifically includes: successively opening fuel gas inlet valve, at this moment the pressure gauge before burner has pressure
Display；Combustion gas initial pressure is set in 1kpa or so, the air door for the burner for needing to light a fire is closed to lesser position, is opened
Valve before burner, lights a fire, and then adjusts the air door of burner, burner is made to be in best combustion state, at this moment can be from burning
Reflective mirror below mouth observes flame blue, and during burner is lighted a fire one by one, the pressure that pressure gauge is shown can be gradually
It reduces, to adjust in time at this time, being allowed to will not be too low, and burner is caused to be tempered.
Further, the bottom of kiln opens up four fuel gas inlets respectively, and the flow of each fuel gas inlet is simple and easy to control,
The burning of each fuel gas inlet can be made unified, be conducive to realize that kiln temperature is uniform, a product qualified rate is built in raising.Pass through main valve
(automatic valve V-5) adjustment of combustion gas flow.In order to guarantee in-furnace temperature uniformity, it is necessary to ensure that the flow of four air inlets is consistent,
So only needing by adjusting main valve.Gas discharge is adjusted according to temperature curve, and the amount of oily bavin is according to above-mentioned rule
Fixed amount is added.Other valves are all hand-operated valves, are not required to act after unlatching, automatically adjust mainly by V-5.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it is current that build a burning process mainly include that bavin burns imperial kiln and electrical kiln reduction skill
Art, wherein in order to protect forest resources, government's explicit order prohibits firewood kiln；Meanwhile there are kiln temperatures unevenly to cause into for electrical kiln
The low problem of product rate, and by power limit, electrical kiln scale is generally smaller, it is difficult to accomplish industrialization production.The application uses day
Small cup is built in right gas firing, is conducive to expand and is built a production scale, preferably succession, which is carried forward, builds a non-material cultural heritage.Natural gas
Kiln burns the firing success for building small cup, is to build small cup to fire historic breakthrough.In addition, the application passes through the temperature to each stage
Control in detail, can reach optimal firing effect.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention can by reference to being better understood below in association with description given by attached drawing, wherein
The same or similar appended drawing reference has been used in all attached drawings to indicate same or similar component.The attached drawing is together under
The detailed description in face is used to further citing together comprising in the present specification and forming a part of this specification
Illustrate the preferred embodiment of the present invention and explains the principle of the present invention and advantage.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is that a kind of natural gas of the present invention fires the process flow chart for building an embodiment；
Wherein, V-1, V-3, V-4, V-6, V-7, V-8, V-9, V-10, V-11 are gas shutoff valve；V-2, V-5 are combustion gas
Flow control valve；F-1 is flowmeter；P-1, P-2 are pressure gauge；Y-1 is natural gas kiln；T-1 is thermocouple；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of natural gas of the present invention fires the sectional view for building an embodiment；
Fig. 3 is that a kind of natural gas of the present invention fires the perspective view for building an embodiment；
Fig. 4 is that a kind of natural gas of the present invention fires the structure chart for building the saggar of an embodiment；
Wherein, 1, iron sheet outer casing；2, flame retardant coating；3, chimney；4, gas nozzle；5, bavin mouth is thrown；6, thermocouple；7, fire door
Lockset；8, saggar；
Fig. 5 is heating curve of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings.In an attached drawing of the invention or a kind of embodiment
Described in elements and features can mutually be tied with elements and features shown in one or more other attached drawings or embodiment
It closes.It should be noted that for purposes of clarity, unrelated to the invention, ordinary skill people is omitted in attached drawing and explanation
The expression and description of component and processing known to member.
The present invention provides a kind of method that small cup is built in natural gas firing, is applied in natural gas kiln, the natural gas kiln
Including external structure, built-in enclosed space, combustion system and auxiliary device.External structure includes iron sheet outer casing 1, flame retardant coating
2, flame retardant coating 2 is attached at the inner wall of iron sheet outer casing；Realize that saggar is placed in natural gas kiln by saggar 8 in built-in enclosed space
Portion, for building strong reducing property atmosphere.Wherein, saggar includes the ontology realized by carbofrax material, and the ontology is closed with one
Space, the reserved circular hole in front at the position of the close bottom of ontology are thrown bavin mouth and are equipped with and be used for as throwing bavin mouth 5
By its closed block, block can be made into sliding door up and down, be not only easy to open and close, sliding door can also be accomplished well
Sealing effect: sliding door and the contact position for throwing bavin mouth are all made of elastic sealing strip sealing resistant to high temperature.The principle of saggar is
Oily bavin imperfect combustion in closed saggar can generate CO, build strong reducing property atmosphere, will build the Fe in a green body2O3Reduction
At Fe3O4, so that building small cup occurs transmutation.
Combustion system includes gas nozzle 4；Auxiliary device includes chimney 3, thermocouple 6, fire door lockset 7.
The structure of saggar is as shown in figure 4, a circular hole conduct is reserved in a confined space (carbofrax material), front
Throw bavin mouth.
In the present embodiment, the natural gas furnace body specification for test is 0.65 meter long, 0.94 meter wide, 0.9 meter of height.Certainly,
Natural gas builds kiln specification without being limited thereto, can expand or shrink.
The bottom of kiln opens up four fuel gas inlets respectively, and the flow of each fuel gas inlet is simple and easy to control, can make each combustion
The burning of gas import is unified, is conducive to realize that kiln temperature is uniform, a product qualified rate is built in raising.
Wherein, which fires the method for building small cup and includes the following steps:
Step 1: the saggar (seal) blank will be built be put into natural gas kiln；
Before igniting, first the flashboard on chimney top is drawn to biggish aperture, wicket and fire hole is opened, checks all valves
Door is in close state.
Step 2: successively opening valve V-1, V-3, V-4, V-6, at this moment the pressure gauge before burner has pressure to show.Valve
The pressure of V-2 is set as 40kpa, and valve V-5 initial pressure is set in 1kpa or so, and the air door for the burner for needing to light a fire is closed
To lesser position, valve V-8 before opening burner lights a fire, then adjusts the air door of burner, burner is made to be in best
Combustion state, flame blue at this moment can be observed from the reflective mirror below burner, during burner is lighted a fire one by one,
The pressure that pressure gauge is shown can gradually decrease, and adjust in time at this time, and being allowed to will not be too low, and burner is caused to be tempered.Wherein, certainly
Dynamic valve V-5 is main valve, passes through main valve adjustment of combustion gas flow: in order to guarantee in-furnace temperature uniformity, it is necessary to ensure that four air inlets
Flow it is consistent, so only need by adjust main valve.Gas discharge is adjusted according to temperature curve, the amount of oily bavin
It is to be added according to above-mentioned defined amount.Other valves are all hand-operated valves, are not required to act after unlatching, are carried out certainly mainly by V-5
It is dynamic to adjust.
Step 3: pressure is adjusted by thermocouple T-1 temperature control valve V-5 aperture according to heating curve (referring to Fig. 5)
Power controls heating rate.Specifically:
First stage: furnace temperature rises to 400 DEG C through 30min, from room temperature；
Second stage: furnace temperature rises to 750 DEG C through 60min, from room temperature；
Phase III: furnace temperature rises to 1000 DEG C through 90min, from room temperature；
Fourth stage: furnace temperature rises to 1180 DEG C through 90min, from room temperature；
5th stage: furnace temperature rises to 1300 DEG C through 80min, from room temperature；
6th stage: it is kept for 1300 constant temperature 1 hour；
7th stage: keeping constant temperature, and carry out reduction burning, primary oily bavin, 50 grams to 80 of each dosage every 5 minutes
Between gram；
8th stage: being cooled to 1100 DEG C, the used time 1 hour, during which continue to add oily bavin, the primary oily bavin every 10 minutes,
Between each 10 grams to 40 grams of dosage；
9th stage: natural cooling.
Wherein, the application studies heating curve and carries out multiple simulated implementation to temperature-rise period, and discovery heated up
First stage, second stage, phase III and the 5th stage in journey remain a constant speed heating (can also slightly have difference), fourth order
Section is rapidly heated, and heating rate is at least 3 times of other step-up temperature speed or more, and such heating control can not only prevent
Generate bubble, and finally realize to build an effect best.
Although being had been disclosed above by the description to specific embodiments of the present invention to the present invention, it answers
The understanding, above-mentioned all embodiments and example are exemplary, and not restrictive.Those skilled in the art can be
Design is to various modifications of the invention, improvement or equivalent in spirit and scope of the appended claims.These modifications change
Into or equivalent should also be as being to be considered as included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of natural gas fires the method for building small cup, it is characterised in that: include:
Step 1: natural gas kiln being set, the saggar for making strong reducing property atmosphere is equipped in natural gas kiln and uses oily bavin
Combustion system；
Step 2: a blank will be built and be put into the saggar of natural gas kiln；
Step 3: combustion system is opened, heating rate is controlled according to heating curve in the temperature rise period:
First stage: furnace temperature rises to 400 DEG C through 30min, from room temperature；
Second stage: furnace temperature rises to 750 DEG C through 60min, from room temperature；
Phase III: furnace temperature rises to 1000 DEG C through 90min, from room temperature；
Fourth stage: furnace temperature rises to 1180 DEG C through 90min, from room temperature；
5th stage: furnace temperature rises to 1300 DEG C through 80min, from room temperature；
It is executed in the constant temperature stage control as follows:
6th stage: kept for 1300 DEG C constant temperature 1 hour；
7th stage: keeping constant temperature, and carry out reduction burning, and primary oily bavin, 50 grams to 80 grams of each dosage were added every 5 minutes
Between；
It is executed in temperature-fall period control as follows:
8th stage: being cooled to 1100 DEG C, the used time 1 hour, during which continue to add oily bavin, the primary oily bavin every 10 minutes, every time
Between 10 grams to 40 grams of dosage；
9th stage: natural cooling.
2. natural gas according to claim 1 fires the method for building small cup, it is characterised in that: the first rank in temperature-rise period
Section, second stage, phase III and the 5th stage remain a constant speed heating, and fourth stage is rapidly heated, and heating rate is at least
3 times or more of other step-up temperature speed.
3. natural gas according to claim 1 or 2 fires the method for building small cup, it is characterised in that: the natural gas kiln packet
Built-in enclosed space, combustion system and the auxiliary device for including external structure, being placed in external structure；External structure includes iron sheet
Shell and flame retardant coating set on outer casing inner wall；Combustion system includes gas nozzle；Auxiliary device includes being set to external structure top
Portion and through external structure with the chimney that internal gas is discharged, the thermocouple and fire door lockset that are used for temperature detection；
It is realized by saggar in built-in enclosed space；Saggar includes the ontology realized by carbofrax material, which has a confined air
Between, a circular hole is reserved as the throwing bavin mouth for launching oily bavin in the front at the position of the close bottom of ontology；
Oily bavin imperfect combustion in closed saggar generates CO, to build strong reducing property atmosphere in saggar, will build a base
Fe in body2O3It is reduced into Fe3O4, so that building small cup occurs transmutation.
4. natural gas according to claim 3 fires the method for building small cup, it is characterised in that: the step 3 further include: firing
Before the igniting of burning system, first the flashboard on chimney top is drawn to biggish aperture, opens wicket and fire hole, and make at all valves
In closed state.
5. natural gas according to claim 4 fires the method for building small cup, it is characterised in that: in the step 3, to heating speed
Degree is controlled, and controls burnt gas valve aperture particular by electric thermo-couple temperature comprising: fuel gas inlet valve is successively opened,
Combustion gas initial pressure is set in 1kpa, the air door for the burner for needing to light a fire is closed to the valve to lesser position, before opening burner
Door, lights a fire, and then adjusts the air door of burner, burner is made to be in best combustion state；In the process that burner is lighted a fire one by one
In, the pressure that pressure gauge is shown can gradually decrease, and regulating gas imported valve keeps its pressure too low, and burner is caused to be tempered.
6. natural gas according to claim 5 fires the method for building small cup, it is characterised in that: the bottom of kiln opens up four respectively
The flow of a fuel gas inlet, each fuel gas inlet is simple and easy to control.
7. natural gas according to claim 1 or 2 fires the method for building small cup, it is characterised in that: the natural gas furnace body
Specification is 0.65 meter long, 0.94 meter wide, 0.9 meter of height.
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| CN201811509383.XA CN109764680B (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2018-12-11 | Method for firing building cup by natural gas |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112279680A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-29 | 蔡翔 | Preparation method of green bottom silver hair jian calendula |
| CN112759356A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-07 | 福建南平市建窑陶瓷研究所 | Firing process of building cup |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112279680A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-29 | 蔡翔 | Preparation method of green bottom silver hair jian calendula |
| CN112759356A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-07 | 福建南平市建窑陶瓷研究所 | Firing process of building cup |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN109764680B (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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