CN109753757B - Method and device for determining adjustment inclination angle of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Method and device for determining adjustment inclination angle of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for determining an adjusting inclination angle of a photovoltaic assembly, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining an optimal inclination angle and an optimal irradiation amount of the photovoltaic assembly corresponding to each month, analyzing and obtaining a regression equation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each month by combining sample data corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic assembly, analyzing and obtaining a function formula of the optimal adjusting inclination angle corresponding to the same inclination angle corresponding to any plurality of months according to the regression equation, clustering the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month according to the function formula and a clustering algorithm, obtaining the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjusting inclination angle, determining the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjusting inclination angle to be more fit with the actual condition, effectively improving the irradiation amount of the photovoltaic assembly, and further improving the power generation amount of the photovoltaic assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and particularly relates to a method and a device for determining an adjusting inclination angle of a photovoltaic module.
Background
The sunlight projection angles of different months or different seasons in the same region are different, so that the solar energy irradiation amounts absorbed by the photovoltaic modules set to the same angle in different months or different seasons are different, and therefore, the installation angles of the photovoltaic modules need to be adjusted according to different months or different seasons, so that the total irradiation amount absorbed by the photovoltaic modules is maximized.
The adjusting inclination angle of the photovoltaic module is the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, and the angle can be adjusted in different months or different seasons according to actual requirements so as to improve the irradiation quantity of the photovoltaic module and further improve the power generation quantity.
The traditional inclination angle adjusting mode of the photovoltaic module is generally that the corresponding month and the corresponding angle of each adjustment are determined in proportion according to the specified adjusting times in one year; alternatively, the month of each adjustment is selected according to seasons and the corresponding angle is determined, for example, for a system adjusted four times a year, it is common to divide the months according to spring, summer, fall and winter, 12 to next year 2 months being winter, 3 to 5 months being spring, 6 to 8 months being summer, and 9 to 11 months being autumn. The two adjusting modes are too subjective based on the fact that the adjusting times are evenly divided into months, so that the irradiation quantity of the photovoltaic module is low, and the power generation quantity of the photovoltaic module is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for determining an adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module, so as to solve the technical problems of low irradiation dose and low power generation amount of the photovoltaic module caused by using a conventional adjustment method.
The technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for determining an adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module, including:
acquiring an optimal inclination angle and an optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module in one year;
analyzing and obtaining the incidence relation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each month according to the sample data, the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module;
obtaining an optimal adjustment inclination angle function formula which enables the total irradiation quantity deviation of the whole year to be minimum when any plurality of months in the year are adjusted to be the same optimal adjustment inclination angle according to the incidence relation analysis;
and according to the optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula, carrying out iterative clustering on the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month by using a clustering algorithm to obtain the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjustment inclination angle.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an apparatus for determining an adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module, including:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module in one year;
the association analysis module is used for analyzing and obtaining the association relation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each month according to the sample data, the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module;
the optimal adjustment inclination angle analysis module is used for obtaining an optimal adjustment inclination angle function formula which enables the total irradiation amount deviation of the whole year to be minimum when any plurality of months in the year are adjusted to be the same optimal adjustment inclination angle according to the incidence relation analysis;
and the optimal adjusting inclination angle determining module is used for carrying out iterative clustering on the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month by utilizing a clustering algorithm according to the optimal adjusting inclination angle functional formula to obtain the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjusting inclination angle.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention provides a method for determining the adjustment inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount of the photovoltaic module corresponding to each month, and analyzing and obtaining a regression equation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each month by combining sample data corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module; and then, analyzing according to a regression equation to obtain an optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula corresponding to the same inclination angle corresponding to any plurality of months, and performing iterative clustering on the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month by using a clustering algorithm according to the optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula to obtain the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjustment inclination angle. The method can objectively divide the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment according to the actual condition of the environment where the photovoltaic module is located, the division of the month is more objective and more accurate, the irradiation amount of the photovoltaic module can be effectively improved, and the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module is further improved; moreover, compared with the existing exhaustion method, the process for determining the optimal adjustment inclination angle provided by the invention is time-saving and labor-saving.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining a tilt angle of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the optimal tilt angle and the optimal exposure dose obtained based on PVsyst software according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the deviation of the inclination angle of each month in relation to the deviation of the irradiation dose in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a device for determining an adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a regression analysis module in the device for determining an adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an optimal adjustment tilt angle analysis module in the device for determining adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining an adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applicable to an electronic device, and the electronic device may be an electronic device capable of processing and analyzing comparative data, such as a laptop, a PC (personal computer), a tablet computer, or the like, and in addition, the electronic device may also be a server on a network side in some cases.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for determining an adjustment inclination angle of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention may include:
s100, acquiring the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module in one year.
The installation inclination angles of the photovoltaic modules are different, so that the solar irradiation quantity absorbed by the photovoltaic modules can be directly influenced, and the generating capacity is further influenced.
The optimal inclination angle refers to an angle corresponding to the maximum radiation absorbed by the photovoltaic module; the optimal irradiation amount refers to the solar energy irradiation amount absorbed when the photovoltaic module is set to the optimal inclination angle corresponding to the current time.
The change characteristics of the sunlight projection angles in different regions within one year determine the optimal inclination angles corresponding to different months, and the optimal inclination angles corresponding to several months may be the same, or the optimal inclination angles corresponding to each month within one year may be different.
The optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month in a year can be obtained through various ways, for example, historical data and natural environment data, such as altitude, of a target area (any area provided with a photovoltaic module) related to the sunshine duration and the irradiation amount can be collected, a large amount of data are collected and sorted, and then the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount of each month in the target area are determined.
Obviously, the above method for determining the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation dose corresponding to each month requires a large amount of data support, and is huge in workload and low in efficiency. Alternatively, PVsyst software can be selected to determine the optimal tilt angle and the optimal dose for each month of the year.
The PVsyst software is a set of photovoltaic system simulation software which is mainly used for modeling and simulating a photovoltaic power generation system, analyzing various factors influencing the generated energy and finally calculating the generated energy of the photovoltaic power generation system, and can be applied to a grid-connected system, an off-grid system, a water pump, a direct-current system and the like. The software contains rich NASA and Meteonorm meteorological resource libraries, domestic and foreign component databases, inverter databases, quantitative analysis tools and the like.
When the PVsyst software is used for acquiring an optimal inclination angle and an optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month, firstly, longitude and latitude data and altitude data of a target area are required to be input into the PVsyst software, and a range (for example, T =4 ° -62 °) of an inclined plane angle (T) of a photovoltaic module is set, and then, the PVsyst software can query from a peak sunshine hours database to obtain related information (for example, irradiation amount, wind speed and the like) of the target area in each month, or, a user manually inputs related information of the irradiation amount of the target area; the PVsyst software can calculate the irradiation amount of the photovoltaic module corresponding to each set angle according to the irradiation amount related information of the target area. For example, data (i.e., irradiation amount) is derived every 2 ° for each month, irradiation amount data received when the photovoltaic module is set to different angles for each month is obtained, and the optimal irradiation amount and the optimal inclination angle corresponding to the photovoltaic module for each month can be determined according to the irradiation amount data.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a graph of an optimal inclination angle and an optimal irradiation dose of a certain area obtained based on PVsyst software according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, since the peak hours and the irradiation amount have a direct relationship, in the graph shown in fig. 2, the irradiation amount is represented by the peak hours, and the optimum irradiation amount is represented by the optimum peak hours.
Specifically, the curve 1 represents the variation trend of the optimal irradiation dose corresponding to each month in the area, as can be seen from the curve 1, the optimal irradiation dose in the area increases from 2 months until 5 months reach a peak, then the fluctuation slowly decreases, and decreases from 10 months to 2 months (here, one year is taken as a period), in the middle of one year, the month with the lowest optimal irradiation dose is 12 months, and the month with the highest optimal irradiation dose is 5 months.
The curve 2 represents the variation trend of the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month in the area, and it can be seen from the curve 2 that the optimal inclination angle is reduced from 65 degrees to 4 degrees in 1-6 months per year, the reduction amplitude of the optimal inclination angle is accelerated from 1 month to 4 months, and then the variation amplitude is gradually slowed down; the optimal inclination angle is increased from 4 degrees to 65 degrees every 7-12 months, the increase amplitude of the optimal inclination angle is increased from 7 months to 10 months, and then the optimal inclination angle is gradually reduced.
And S110, analyzing to obtain the incidence relation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each month according to the sample data, the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module.
After the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount of each month are obtained, the incidence relation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each month is obtained through analysis by combining sample data corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module.
Optionally, the irradiation amount data received by the photovoltaic module at different angles in each month obtained in S100 may be used as sample data used in the embodiment of the present invention. That is, the sample data includes irradiation amounts corresponding to respective angles and respective angles.
Optionally, to obtain the foregoing association relationship, for each month, a difference between each angle in the sample data of the photovoltaic module and the optimal inclination angle corresponding to the month, that is, an inclination angle deviation amount, needs to be calculated, respectively.
It should be noted that, in the example shown in fig. 2, the optimal inclination angles of the area are different for each month, that is, there are 12 optimal inclination angles for the area in a year. In actual operation, if the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module is adjusted less than 12 times in a year, some months or all months deviate from the corresponding optimal inclination angle. Therefore, the inclination angle deviation amount for each month is as shown in equation 1:
can be expressed as:
S i ＝T i -X i (1)
where i represents the month of the year, i ∈ [1,12 ∈]；T i The actual angle of the photovoltaic module in the ith month in one year is represented by degree; x i The optimal inclination angle corresponding to the ith month is represented by degree; s i Is the amount of angular deviation in degrees.
The deviation of the actual inclination angle of the photovoltaic module in each month from the corresponding optimal inclination angle inevitably causes the deviation of the irradiation amount actually received by the photovoltaic module from the optimal irradiation amount, namely the deviation of the irradiation amount. Therefore, the difference value between the sample data of the photovoltaic module in each month and the corresponding optimal irradiation amount needs to be further calculated, and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each inclination angle deviation amount in each month is obtained.
Specifically, the irradiation dose deviation amount per month can be represented by the following formula:
f i ＝H i (T i )-H i (X i ) (2)
wherein H i (T i ) The actual irradiation dose is the actual irradiation dose in the unit of kWh/m at month i 2 ；H i (X i ) The optimum irradiation dose is the ith month and the unit is kWh/m 2 ；f i The deviation of the irradiation dose in the unit of kWh/m at month i 2 The meanings of the other parameters are the same as those described above, and are not described herein again.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a graph of the deviation of the inclination angle with respect to the deviation of the irradiation dose in the embodiment of the present invention, which shows the variation trend of the deviation of the irradiation dose with different deviation of the inclination angle in each month.
As can be seen from fig. 3, as the absolute value of the deviation of the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module increases, the deviation of the irradiation amount becomes larger and larger. Furthermore, the change trends of each month in 12 months in a year are basically consistent, and the corresponding relation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount can better meet the characteristics of a regression equation, so that the regression analysis algorithm is used for analyzing each inclination angle deviation amount and the corresponding irradiation amount deviation amount of each month to obtain the regression equation, namely the incidence relation, between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount.
Specifically, the regression equation obtained can be shown as follows:
wherein A is i The coefficient is used for representing the speed of the variation of the irradiation amount deviation in different months along with the inclination angle deviation; f. of i And S i The meanings and units of (A) are as aboveSaid is not repeated here.
Specifically, referring to table 1, a regression equation between the corresponding inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount for each month of the target area is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
And S120, obtaining an optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula which enables the total irradiation quantity deviation of the whole year to be minimum when any plurality of months in the year are adjusted to be the same optimal adjustment inclination angle according to the incidence relation analysis.
As described above, if the photovoltaic module is subjected to tilt angle adjustment every month in a year, the optimal tilt angle corresponding to each month is the optimal adjustment tilt angle; if the number of times of adjustment of the photovoltaic module in one year is less than 12, the same optimal adjustment inclination angle is necessarily caused to correspond to a plurality of months, and if the photovoltaic module is adjusted only once in one year, namely when the photovoltaic module is in a fixed bracket system, the same optimal adjustment inclination angle corresponds to 12 months.
The function for determining the optimum tilt angle is the function for the optimum adjusted tilt angle.
If the photovoltaic module only uses one inclination angle (namely a fixed bracket system) all the year round, the actual angle T of the photovoltaic module at the moment i Is a constant value, and is set to σ. The total exposure dose deviation f (σ) calculated for one year can be expressed as:
the meaning of each parameter is the same as that described above, and is not described herein again.
To minimize the total exposure dose deviation throughout the year, f (σ) should be minimized. Therefore, it must satisfy
Further, the whole year can be obtainedWhen only one tilt angle is used, the corresponding optimum tilt angle for adjustment is:
wherein, the meaning of the parameters related in the formula is the same as that of the previous formula, and the description is omitted here. The formula (5) is the corresponding optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula when only one inclination angle is used all the year round.
Further, combining the formula (5), performing analysis of the optimal adjustment inclination angle for the months of the month by using a least square method idea to obtain a function formula of the optimal adjustment inclination angle for the months of the month corresponding to the minimum deviation amount of the total irradiation amount:
wherein i0 represents the starting month; i1 represents the terminating month in any time frame; the meanings of the rest parameters are the same as the above, and the description is omitted here.
Equation (6) is an optimum tilt angle adjusting function equation which minimizes the deviation of the total irradiation dose of the whole year when the same optimum tilt angle is adjusted for any plurality of months in the year.
In addition, as can be seen from Table 1, A between the different months i Has less difference between specific values, specifically A of 12 to 2 months per year i Value and A of 6 months, 7 months per year i The values are closer, with a mean of-0.202 and a relative standard deviation of 1.1%, with a mean of-0.0222 and a relative standard deviation of 8.34% for all months of the year. Therefore, each A can be ignored in practical engineering i The difference between the specific values, i.e. to solve for A i The arithmetic average of (2) is sufficient. The calculation process can be greatly simplified by directly using the arithmetic mean value, and the function of each month does not need to be calculated, and only the optimal inclination angle of each month is obtained. According to this method and consideration A i Compared with the final calculation results with different values, the error is not more than 1 degree and can be ignored within the adjustment error range.
And S130, carrying out iterative clustering on the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month by using a clustering algorithm according to the optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula to obtain the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the achieved optimal adjustment inclination angle.
In this embodiment, the clustering algorithm may be a K-means clustering algorithm, and its core idea is: firstly, randomly selecting K objects as initial clustering centers, then calculating the distance between each object and each clustering center to obtain the corresponding distance, and then allocating each object to the clustering center closest to the object. The cluster centers and the objects assigned to them represent a cluster. When all the objects are distributed, the clustering center of each cluster is recalculated according to the existing objects in the cluster, namely, a new clustering center is determined, and then the new clustering center is used for clustering. This process is repeated until a predetermined termination condition is satisfied.
In other embodiments, other clustering algorithms may be used, and the present application is not limited thereto.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the optimal adjustment inclination function formula is obtained, N initial clustering centers are randomly selected according to a K-means clustering algorithm, and the optimal inclination corresponding to each month is classified according to a principle that a deviation from the initial clustering centers is minimum, so as to obtain N clusters. Wherein N represents the number of times of inclination adjustment in one year, N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 12, and N is an integer.
After N clusters are obtained, current clustering centers corresponding to the N clusters are respectively recalculated according to the obtained optimal adjustment inclination angle functional expression, and the optimal inclination angles corresponding to the months are classified again according to the current clustering centers.
And repeatedly carrying out the classification process until a preset termination condition is met, and obtaining the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjustment inclination angle. Alternatively, the preset termination condition may be that no (or the least number of) objects are reassigned to different clusters, or that no (or the least number of) cluster centers are changed again, or that the sum of squared errors is locally minimized.
The above contents are combined to know that the final result is irrelevant to the initial random angle selection, and the defect that the optimal inclination angle is selected according to experience in the prior art can be overcome by using the K-means clustering algorithm, so that the divided result is more suitable for the actual situation.
Taking 2 tilt angle adjustments (i.e. two optimal tilt angles and the month corresponding to the obtained optimal tilt angle are required to be determined) all the year round as an example, the process of obtaining the month corresponding to each tilt angle adjustment and the reached optimal tilt angle by using the K-means clustering algorithm according to the optimal tilt angle function formula will be described.
Two angles of 20 degrees and 30 degrees are randomly selected, iterative analysis is carried out according to a K-means clustering algorithm, the distance from each object (namely the optimal inclination angle of each month) to the clustering center needs to be calculated, and the obtained result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The calculation result shows that: 5. months 6, 7, and 8 are divided into one cluster with angle two (20 deg.), and other months are divided into another cluster with angle one (30 deg.). Namely: { month 5, month 6, month 7, month 8 }, belonging to angle two (20 °); { month 9, month 10, month 11, month 12, month 1, month 2, month 3, month 4 }, e.g., angle one (30 °).
Then, the optimum tilt angles σ were calculated for 5 to 8 months and 9 to 4 months, respectively, according to the formula (6), and the analysis results are shown in table 3. Wherein the first angle is corrected to 50 ° and the second angle is corrected to 10 °. The corrected angle is used as a new clustering center, and the clustering process is performed again as described above, with the results shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Table 3 the calculations show that: the distance between the optimal tilt angle of 4 month and the new cluster center (angle two, 10 °) is smaller than the distance between the optimal tilt angle of 4 month and another new cluster center (angle one, 50 °), so that 4 months should be divided into clusters corresponding to 10 °, i.e., {4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months }, which belongs to angle two (10 °); {9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, } ∈ angle one (50 °).
After the clustering is completed, the optimal adjustment inclination angle σ for 4-8 months and 9-3 months is calculated again according to the formula (6), and the clustering process is performed again, and the obtained results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
As shown in table 4, at this time, the optimum adjustment tilt angle σ corresponding to each month is not changed, and {4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }, which belongs to the angle two (13 °), {9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3 }, which belongs to the angle one (53 °), that is, the month corresponding to each tilt angle adjustment and the reached optimum adjustment tilt angle are obtained.
The following provides the technical effects obtained by applying the method provided by the embodiment of the invention in practical projects.
Aiming at item one, the annual maximum irradiation amount is 2339.5kWh/m respectively when 2, 3 and 4 times of inclination angle adjustment are carried out in one year in the prior art 2 ，2358.4kWh/m 2 And 2387kWh/m 2 。
By using the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the annual maximum irradiation amount of 2, 3 and 4 times of adjustment in one year is 2384.1 kW/m 2 and 2392.3kWh/m respectively 2 And 2399.8kWh/m 2 。
Compared with the prior art, when the annual adjustment times are respectively 2 times, 3 times and 4 times, the annual maximum irradiation amount is respectively increased by 44.6kwh/m by applying the method provided by the embodiment of the invention 2 、33.9kwh/m 2 And 12.8kwh/m 2 。
Aiming at the second project, the prior art adopts the steps of 2,3. The annual maximum exposure for 4 adjustments were: 1838kWh/m 2 ，1953kWh/m 2 And 1958.9kWh/m 2 。
By using the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the annual maximum irradiation dose for 2, 3 and 4 times of adjustment in one year is respectively as follows: 1958.2kWh/m 2 ，1964.6kWh/m 2 ，1970.7kWh/m 2 。
Compared with the prior art, when the annual adjustment times are respectively 2 times, 3 times and 4 times, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for increasing the annual maximum irradiation amount by 120.2kWh/m 2 、11.6kWh/m 2 And 11.8kWh/m 2 。
In summary, according to the method for determining the adjustment inclination angle of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the invention, the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the optimal adjustment inclination angle reached by each inclination angle adjustment are determined without depending on subjective judgment, the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the optimal adjustment inclination angle reached by each inclination angle adjustment obtained by determining are more suitable for actual conditions, the irradiation amount of the photovoltaic module is effectively increased, and the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module is further increased.
The device for determining the adjustment inclination angle of the photovoltaic module provided by the present application is introduced below, and the device for determining the adjustment inclination angle of the photovoltaic module described below can be regarded as a functional module architecture which needs to be arranged in the electronic device and is used for realizing the method for determining the adjustment inclination angle of the photovoltaic module provided by the present application; the following description may be cross-referenced with the above.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a device for determining an adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 4, the device may include:
the first obtaining module 10 is used for obtaining an optimal inclination angle and an optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module in one year;
the association analysis module 20 is configured to analyze, according to the sample data, the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation dose corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module, to obtain an association relationship between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation dose deviation amount corresponding to each month;
and the optimal adjustment inclination angle analysis module 30 is configured to obtain an optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula which minimizes a total irradiation deviation of the whole year when any plurality of months in the year are adjusted to the same optimal adjustment inclination angle according to the incidence relation analysis.
And the optimal adjustment inclination angle determining module 40 is configured to perform iterative clustering on the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month by using a clustering algorithm according to the optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula to obtain the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the achieved optimal adjustment inclination angle.
According to the device for determining the adjusting inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the optimal adjusting inclination angle reached are determined without depending on subjective judgment, the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the optimal adjusting inclination angle reached are determined to be more fit to the actual situation, the irradiation amount of the photovoltaic module can be effectively increased, and the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module is further increased.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a block diagram of a regression analysis module in the device for determining an adjustment inclination angle of a photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present invention, where the regression analysis module 20 specifically includes:
the first calculation submodule 201 is configured to calculate a difference between sample data corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module and a corresponding optimal inclination angle, so as to obtain each inclination angle deviation amount corresponding to each month;
the second calculating submodule 202 is configured to calculate a difference between the sample data of the photovoltaic module in each month and the corresponding optimal irradiation amount, so as to obtain an irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each inclination angle deviation amount of each month;
the first determining submodule 203 is configured to analyze each inclination deviation amount and the corresponding optimal irradiation deviation amount for each month by using a regression analysis algorithm, so as to obtain a correlation between the inclination deviation amount and the irradiation deviation amount corresponding to each month.
Optionally, the sample data includes irradiation doses corresponding to the photovoltaic module at different tilt angles.
Optionally, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a block diagram of a structure of an optimal adjustment tilt angle analysis module in the device for determining an adjustment tilt angle of a photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present invention, where the optimal adjustment tilt angle analysis module 30 specifically includes:
a third calculating sub-module 301, configured to calculate, by using the association relationship, a total exposure deviation for a year when any of a plurality of months in the year are adjusted to the same optimal adjustment inclination;
and the second determining submodule 302 is used for analyzing the optimal adjustment inclination angle function corresponding to the minimum deviation of the total irradiation amount by using a least square method.
Optionally, the optimal adjustment tilt angle determining module 40 is specifically configured to:
according to a K-means clustering algorithm, randomly selecting N initial clustering centers, classifying the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month according to the principle of minimum deviation from the initial clustering centers to obtain N clusters, wherein N represents the number of times of inclination angle adjustment in one year, is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 12, and is an integer;
and respectively recalculating the current clustering centers corresponding to the N clusters obtained by each classification according to the optimal adjustment inclination function, reclassifying the optimal inclination corresponding to each month according to the current clustering centers, repeatedly classifying until a preset termination condition is met, and obtaining the month corresponding to each inclination adjustment and the reached optimal adjustment inclination.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the foregoing method embodiments have been described as a series of acts or combination of acts, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently with other steps in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required by the invention.
It should be noted that, in this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and portions that are the same as and similar to each other in each embodiment may be referred to. For the device-like embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The steps in the method of the embodiments of the present application may be sequentially adjusted, combined, and deleted according to actual needs.
The device and the modules and sub-modules in the terminal in the embodiments of the present application can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed terminal, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described terminal embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of a module or a sub-module is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when the terminal is actually implemented, for example, a plurality of sub-modules or modules may be combined or integrated into another module, or some features may be omitted or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or modules, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The modules or sub-modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts that are modules or sub-modules may or may not be physical modules or sub-modules, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network modules or sub-modules. Some or all of the modules or sub-modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment.
In addition, each functional module or sub-module in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module or sub-module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules or sub-modules may be integrated into one module. The integrated modules or sub-modules may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional modules or sub-modules.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining an adjustment inclination angle of a photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring an optimal inclination angle and an optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module in one year;
analyzing to obtain an incidence relation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each month according to the sample data, the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module;
obtaining an optimal adjustment inclination angle function formula which enables the total irradiation quantity deviation of the whole year to be minimum when any plurality of months in the year are adjusted to be the same optimal adjustment inclination angle according to the incidence relation analysis;
and according to the optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula, carrying out iterative clustering on the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month by using a clustering algorithm to obtain the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjustment inclination angle.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the analyzing the correlation between the inclination deviation amount and the irradiance deviation amount corresponding to each month according to the sample data, the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiance amount corresponding to the photovoltaic module in each month comprises:
calculating a difference value between sample data corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module and the corresponding optimal inclination angle to obtain each inclination angle deviation amount corresponding to each month;
calculating a difference value between the sample data of the photovoltaic module in each month and the corresponding optimal irradiation amount to obtain irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each inclination angle deviation amount of each month;
and analyzing each inclination angle deviation amount and the corresponding optimal irradiation deviation amount of each month by utilizing a regression analysis algorithm to obtain the correlation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation deviation amount corresponding to each month.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the sample data includes corresponding exposure doses of the photovoltaic component at different tilt angles.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the optimal tilt angle function that minimizes the deviation of the total exposure dose for the year when adjusting any number of months in the year to the same optimal tilt angle according to the correlation analysis comprises:
when any plurality of months in a year are adjusted to be the same optimal adjustment inclination angle, calculating by utilizing the incidence relation to obtain the total irradiation deviation of the year;
and analyzing the optimal adjustment inclination angle function formula corresponding to the minimum deviation of the total irradiation amount by using a least square method.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the clustering algorithm is a K-means clustering algorithm;
the iterative clustering of the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month is performed by using a clustering algorithm according to the optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula to obtain the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the optimal adjustment inclination angle, and the iterative clustering comprises the following steps:
randomly selecting N initial clustering centers by using a K-means clustering algorithm, classifying the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month according to the principle of minimum deviation with the initial clustering centers to obtain N clusters, wherein N represents the number of times of inclination angle adjustment in one year, is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 12, and is an integer;
and respectively recalculating the current clustering centers corresponding to the N clusters by using the optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula for the N clusters obtained by each classification, reclassifying the optimal inclination angles corresponding to the months according to the current clustering centers, repeatedly classifying until a preset termination condition is met, and obtaining the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjustment inclination angle.
6. An apparatus for determining an adjusted tilt angle of a photovoltaic module, comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module in one year;
the association analysis module is used for analyzing and obtaining the association relation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each month according to the sample data, the optimal inclination angle and the optimal irradiation amount corresponding to each month of the photovoltaic module;
the optimal adjustment inclination angle analysis module is used for obtaining an optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula which enables the total irradiation amount deviation of the whole year to be minimum when any plurality of months in the year are adjusted to be the same optimal adjustment inclination angle according to the incidence relation analysis;
and the optimal adjusting inclination angle determining module is used for carrying out iterative clustering on the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month by utilizing a clustering algorithm according to the optimal adjusting inclination angle functional formula to obtain the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjusting inclination angle.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the association analysis module comprises:
the first calculation submodule is used for calculating a difference value between sample data corresponding to each month and the corresponding optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic module to obtain each inclination angle deviation amount corresponding to each month;
the second calculation submodule is used for calculating the difference value between the sample data of the photovoltaic module in each month and the corresponding optimal irradiation amount to obtain the irradiation amount deviation amount corresponding to each inclination angle deviation amount of each month;
and the first determining submodule is used for analyzing each inclination angle deviation amount of each month and the corresponding optimal irradiation deviation amount by utilizing a regression analysis algorithm to obtain the correlation between the inclination angle deviation amount and the irradiation deviation amount corresponding to each month.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the sample data comprises corresponding exposure doses of the photovoltaic component at different tilt angles.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the optimal adjustment tilt analysis module comprises:
the third calculation submodule is used for calculating the total irradiation deviation of one year by utilizing the incidence relation when any plurality of months in one year are adjusted to be the same optimal adjustment inclination angle;
and the second determining submodule is used for analyzing the optimal adjustment inclination angle function corresponding to the minimum deviation of the total irradiation amount by utilizing a least square method.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the clustering algorithm is a K-means clustering algorithm; the optimal adjustment tilt angle determination module is specifically configured to:
randomly selecting N initial clustering centers by using a K-means clustering algorithm, classifying the optimal inclination angle corresponding to each month according to the principle of minimum deviation with the initial clustering centers to obtain N clusters, wherein N represents the number of times of inclination angle adjustment in one year, is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 12, and is an integer;
and respectively recalculating the current clustering centers corresponding to the N clusters by using the optimal adjustment inclination angle functional formula for the N clusters obtained by each classification, reclassifying the optimal inclination angles corresponding to the months according to the current clustering centers, repeatedly classifying until a preset termination condition is met, and obtaining the month corresponding to each inclination angle adjustment and the reached optimal adjustment inclination angle.
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