CN109753625B - Climate elasticity solving method considering soil water content change - Google Patents
Climate elasticity solving method considering soil water content change Download PDFInfo
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- CN109753625B CN109753625B CN201910022270.5A CN201910022270A CN109753625B CN 109753625 B CN109753625 B CN 109753625B CN 201910022270 A CN201910022270 A CN 201910022270A CN 109753625 B CN109753625 B CN 109753625B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for solving climate elasticity by considering soil water content change, which finds a corresponding method for climate elasticity by derivation on the basis of a water balance equation considering soil water content change, and can accurately estimate the response condition of runoff in a small time scale (season) or arid region under the condition of climate change when rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, soil water content change and evaporation are observed in a historical period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrology, and particularly relates to a method for solving climate elasticity by considering soil water content change.
Background
In recent years, research on watershed water circulation and water resource evolution under climate change has become a research hotspot in the field of domestic and foreign water science, and the hydrological effect brought by the climate change is widely concerned. Currently, there are two main types of methods for assessing the impact of climate change on radial rheological changes: hydrologic simulation based methods and elasticity analysis methods. The hydrologic simulation-based method is mainly characterized in that the influence of climate change on runoff is calculated by changing the meteorological driving factors of the model and comparing the change relation of runoff simulated by the model before and after change. The method of elasticity analysis is proposed by Schaake (1990) and elasticity is primarily reflected in the degree of influence of a unit number of climatic or underlying surface changes on a unit runoff volume change. Thus, elasticity can be seen as the first derivative of a function of reaction runoff and climatic relationships. The water balance equation based on the Budyko assumption is a conceptual model proposed for the case that the change of the soil water content tends to 0. Compared with the traditional mathematical statistical empirical method, the method has obvious physical significance, fewer parameters, relatively simple function form and easy derivation. Therefore, many studies have used the water balance equation based on the Budyko assumption to derive the climate resilience and the underlying surface resilience of the basin. The hydrographic model has certain rationality, and simultaneously, the complex relation description among the terrain, soil, vegetation and climate in the river basin is more detailed, and the hydrographic situation change of the river basin on different time scales can be simulated. However, the model has a complex structure and numerous parameters, and has certain problems of different parameters, same effects, uncertainty and the like. The latter is an ideal analysis method on the scale of years and years due to few parameters and small uncertainty, and is widely applied to attribution research of runoff change of a drainage basin at present.
(1) Water quantity balance equation based on Budyko hypothesis
By analyzing a large amount of data, Budyko (1958) found that the relationship of the division of the average precipitation into evaporation and runoff over many years is mainly controlled by the climate, namely:
wherein E is the evaporation capacity, P is the precipitation capacity, the sum of which is equal to the evaporation capacity plus the runoff capacity (Q), EpIn order to be a potential amount of the evapotranspiration,
in order to obtain the evaporation ratio,
is the weather drought index, and x is the model parameter. For this hypothesis, many studies combine different boundary conditions to develop different water balance equations based on the Budyko assumption, and one of the best-known equations is a fourier equation developed by scientists in our country, which is expressed in the form of (Berghuijs et al, 2017):
wherein w is a parameter in the Fei-Fu formula.
(2) Weather elasticity deduced by water balance equation based on Budyko hypothesis
By obtaining P and E from the formula (2)pThe partial derivatives of the water-loss coefficient can obtain the climate elasticity which is calculated by the water balance equation based on the Budyko assumption in common use at present, namely the precipitation elasticity and the potential evapotranspiration elasticity respectively:
in the formula ofQ；PIs the elasticity of precipitation,. epsilonQ；EpIs the elasticity of potential evapotranspiration, phi stands for
It can be seen that the climate elasticity derived by the above technique is also applicable only to the case where the change in soil water content tends to 0, since the water balance equation based on the Budyko assumption is applicable only to the case where the change in soil water content tends to 0. In practical applications, especially in small time scales or in arid areas, the change of the water content of the soil is far greater than 0, and many researches show that the technology has larger errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to obtain a method for solving the climate elasticity by considering the change of the water content of the soil, which innovatively calculates the climate elasticity when the water content of the soil is not 0, thereby providing more reliable technical support for accurately evaluating the influence of the climate change on runoff.
The invention aims to realize the following technical scheme that a method for solving the climate elasticity by considering the change of the water content of soil is characterized in that a water balance equation by considering the change of the water content of soil is as follows:
wherein E is the evaporation amount, PeIs the effective precipitation, which is equal to the difference between the precipitation and the change in soil water content (Δ S), EpIs the potential evapotranspiration amount, phisIs a parameter of reaction seasonality, alphasIs a parameter for reflecting the condition of the underlying surface of the basin;
the climatic elasticity taking into account the variation in the water content of the soil is derived:
in the formula,
is the elasticity of the precipitation, and the water is discharged,
is the elasticity of potential evapotranspiration.
Compared with the prior art, the method for finding the corresponding climate elasticity by derivation based on the water balance equation considering the change of the water content of the soil adopts the technical scheme, and can accurately estimate the response condition of runoff in a small time scale (season) or arid region under the condition of climate change when rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, the change of the water content of the soil and evaporation are observed in a historical period.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
A method for solving climate elasticity by considering soil water content change comprises the following steps of:
wherein E is the evaporation amount, PeIs the effective precipitation, which is equal to the difference between the precipitation and the change in soil water content (Δ S), EpIs the potential evapotranspiration amount, phisIs a parameter that reflects the seasonality of the season,αsis a parameter for reflecting the condition of the underlying surface of the basin;
the climatic elasticity taking into account the variation in the water content of the soil is derived:
in the formula,
is the elasticity of the precipitation, and the water is discharged,
is the elasticity of potential evapotranspiration.
The key point of the technical scheme is that a method for finding corresponding climate elasticity by derivation on the basis of a water balance equation considering the change of the water content of the soil is considered, and the response condition of the runoff in a small time scale (season) or an arid region under the condition of climate change can be estimated relatively when precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, the change of the water content of the soil and evaporation are observed in a historical period.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for solving climate elasticity by considering soil water content change is characterized in that when the soil water content change is not 0, a water balance equation considering the soil water content change is as follows:
wherein,Eis the amount of evaporation,Peis the effective precipitation which is equal to the difference between the precipitation and the change (Delta S) of the soil water content,Epis the amount of potential evaporation and evaporation,φsis a parameter that reflects the seasonality of the season,αsis a parameter for reflecting the condition of the underlying surface of the basin;
precipitation, latent evapotranspiration, the change and the evaporation of soil water content through historical observation, predict under the climatic change condition, the runoff response condition in certain time scale or arid area reachs the climatic elasticity who considers soil water content change through deriving:
in the formula,
is the elasticity of the precipitation, and the water is discharged,
is the elasticity of potential evapotranspiration.
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