CN109751043B - Pressure pulse coding and decoding system and method for formation pressure measurement while drilling tool - Google Patents
Pressure pulse coding and decoding system and method for formation pressure measurement while drilling tool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coding and decoding method for a downloading instruction of a formation pressure measurement while drilling tool, which comprises the following steps: encoding the download command into a pressure pulse based on a predefined download command encoding table, wherein the pressure pulse is generated by controlling a pumping operation of a surface electric pump; sampling the pressure pulses at a certain sampling frequency, and identifying edge signals of the pressure pulses to obtain time intervals of the edge signals of two adjacent pressure pulses; and searching the downloading instruction encoding table based on the time interval so as to decode the corresponding downloading instruction. The method occupies small memory space of the microprocessor, has high calculation speed, and only uses a short section of data for buffer storage. According to the falling edge characteristics, whether the falling edge exists in the current buffer data can be quickly judged by using a simple judgment statement, the time interval between the falling edges is calculated, and the command head and the command data are quickly identified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploration and drilling engineering, in particular to a pressure pulse coding and decoding system and method for a formation pressure measurement while drilling tool.
Background
The formation pressure measurement while drilling tool is a logging while drilling instrument and can test formation pressure and formation porosity when a command receiving method and a device head for controlling the formation pressure measurement while drilling tool are used for drilling a formation. When the tool works, the drilling fluid has little pollution to the measured stratum, the real pressure condition of the stratum can be better reflected, and the stratum pressure measured by the method has good real-time performance and high precision.
Currently, in downhole measurement while drilling instruments, most MWD instruments or logging while drilling instruments are one-way transmission systems, while formation pressure measurement while drilling tools perform fixed-point measurement by using short intervals of a drilling process, and complete the actions of extending, pushing, setting, measuring and withdrawing a measuring probe under the control of ground instructions. Therefore, not only the measurement data needs to be uploaded, but also the ground command needs to be received, and the control commands such as tool start, measurement parameter selection, measurement mode selection, emergency stop and the like need to be responded. Namely, the formation pressure measurement while drilling tool needs a matched bidirectional data transmission system.
In order to achieve the above objective, a ground command downlink receiving method and device for controlling a formation pressure measurement while drilling tool need to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a pressure pulse coding and decoding method for a formation pressure measurement while drilling tool, which comprises the following steps:
encoding the download command into a pressure pulse based on a predefined download command encoding table, wherein the pressure pulse is generated by controlling a pumping operation of a surface electric pump;
sampling the pressure pulses at a certain sampling frequency, and identifying edge signals of the pressure pulses to obtain time intervals of the edge signals of two adjacent pressure pulses;
and searching the downloading instruction encoding table based on the time interval so as to decode the corresponding downloading instruction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the instruction format in the download instruction encoding table includes an instruction header and a data section, wherein the instruction header is a time interval between the first edge signal and the second edge signal of the pressure pulse, and the data section is a time interval between the second edge signal and the third edge signal of the pressure pulse.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that, when sampling the pressure pulse, a buffer array of a certain length is provided to buffer the digital data corresponding to the pressure pulse sampled in a certain period of time, wherein the buffer array is used as a data window for identifying an edge signal of the pressure pulse.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the method further includes:
and filtering the interference signals in the sampled data by adopting sliding minimum filtering.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that identifying the edge signal of the pressure pulse comprises the steps of:
judging whether the continuous data stored in the current buffer array is a complete edge signal or not based on the judging condition of the edge signal,
if yes, recording the current time as the time of the edge signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the step of identifying the edge signal of the pressure pulse further comprises:
setting an edge signal counter to count the number of identified edge signals in a certain time;
clearing the counter if a sufficient number of edge signals are not identified within a predefined maximum time period;
and judging whether the time interval of two adjacent edge signals is smaller than the shortest time interval, if so, regarding the two edge signals as the same edge signal, keeping the value of an edge signal counter unchanged, and otherwise, incrementing the value of the counter.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the implementation of the determination condition of the edge signal includes the following steps:
comparing the data in the cache array in the previous period with the data in the next period,
if the difference between the data in the previous period and the data in the next period exceeds the threshold, it indicates that a falling edge exists, otherwise, if the difference is smaller than the threshold, it indicates that a rising edge exists.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the time interval of the edge signal for 3 consecutive times is counted, and if the time interval of the edge signal for two consecutive times satisfies the instruction format, the flag bit of the download instruction is set to indicate that the download instruction is successfully received, and meanwhile, the original data is cleared, and the next download instruction is ready to be received.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to superimpose a certain time margin on the time interval in the instruction format to improve the reliability of instruction recognition.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a coding and decoding system for the downloading instruction of the formation pressure measurement while drilling tool, the system including:
the pressure guide module comprises a pressure guide flow channel and a sealing ring, and is used for respectively guiding the pressure in the drill collar and the external pressure as inputs to form a differential pressure signal;
the differential pressure sensor and conditioning circuit comprises a differential pressure sensor, a signal conditioning circuit and an AD conversion circuit and is used for sensing the differential pressure signal and conditioning the differential pressure signal into a pressure pulse signal for measurement;
a microprocessor comprising or connected to a memory for, when executed, invoking instructions in said memory to perform the steps of the method as described above, thereby decoding the downstream instructions in said pressure pulse signal.
The invention provides a receiving method and a device for quickly and accurately identifying a ground downloading instruction for a downhole tool, in particular to a formation pressure measurement while drilling tool. The method occupies small memory space of the underground microprocessor, has high calculation speed, and only uses a short section of data for buffer storage. According to the falling edge characteristics, in the timer interruption subprogram, whether the falling edge exists in the current buffer data can be quickly judged by using a simple judgment statement, the time interval between the falling edges is calculated, and the command head and the command data are quickly identified. According to the ground coding protocol, the ground downloading instruction is automatically decoded, and the field application of the formation pressure measurement while drilling tool can be met. When the method is used for decoding the downlink instruction, the underground microprocessor has the advantages of high automatic decoding iteration speed, small occupied memory space and strong real-time property.
In addition, the device simultaneously monitors differential pressure signals inside and outside the drill collar, can be uploaded in real time through MWD, can be used for monitoring the differential pressure inside and outside the drill collar at the bottom of a well, and provides reference data for guaranteeing the safety of drilling.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technology or prior art of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings expressing the embodiments of the present application are used for explaining the technical solutions of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present application.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an encoding and decoding system for a downhole command of a formation pressure measurement-while-drilling tool according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a general flow chart of a method for encoding and decoding commands for a formation pressure measurement while drilling tool according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a pressure pulse signal according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. The embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of the present invention.
Generally, the surface command downloading and receiving system comprises a surface command downloading device, a surface command control system and a downhole command receiving device. The ground command can be discharged or the pump stroke is adjusted through a ground bypass pipeline, mud pressure pulse is formed in a drilling main circulation pipeline, and the downward transmission of the ground command is realized. For a ground instruction downloading device, the purpose of adjusting the mud flow is achieved by adjusting the pump stroke of a mud pump at present. The downhole instruction receiving device needs to be integrally designed with a measurement while drilling instrument and mainly comprises a signal measurement module and a signal decoding algorithm.
The downhole command receiving device can use an accelerometer sensitive to vibration, a pressure sensor sensitive to pressure change, a turbine flowmeter sensitive to flow change and the like as a signal source, such as a pressure detection device for command downloading in a drilling operation, but the patent does not relate to a signal decoding method and cannot realize the function of command receiving. For a formation pressure measurement while drilling instrument, the pressure in a drill collar and the pressure outside the drill collar need to be measured simultaneously, wherein the pressure outside the drill collar is the annular pressure. For the downhole command receiving device, it is critical to quickly and accurately identify the change interval of the mud pulse signal, i.e., the time of the rising edge or the falling edge of the signal.
Referring to FIG. 1, a surface command receiving system of a formation pressure measurement while drilling tool according to the present invention is shown. The system comprises a drill collar internal and external pressure guide module 101, a differential pressure sensor and conditioning circuit 102 thereof, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 103 and a microprocessor 104. The decoding method comprises sliding minimum filtering, a pressure difference signal falling edge detection algorithm and the like.
The drill collar internal and external pressure guide module 101 mainly comprises a pressure guide flow channel, a sealing ring and other components. The pressure inside the drill collar and the pressure outside the drill collar are respectively used as two ports of a differential pressure sensor and are led to two input ends of the differential pressure sensor.
The differential pressure sensor and its conditioning circuit 102 includes a differential pressure sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, and an AD conversion circuit, and is used to sense the differential pressure signal and condition it into a pressure pulse signal for measurement. The microprocessor 104 includes or is coupled to a memory for, when executed, invoking instructions in the memory to decode a method for decoding the downstream instructions in the pressure pulse signal.
In the drilling process, the electric pump is started, and when drilling fluid is maintained to circulate inside and outside the drill collar, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the drill collar is in direct proportion to the square of the pump displacement, and the pressure inside the drill collar is higher than the pressure outside the drill collar. When the pump stroke frequency of the electric pump is reduced to 0, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the drill collar disappears. Therefore, the downhole transmission of drilling fluid pressure pulses can be achieved by only regularly adjusting the pump stroke of the electric pump.
The downhole differential pressure sensor 102 is sensitive to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the drill collar, and regular differential pressure signal pulses are formed at the output port of the differential pressure sensor. The differential pressure sensor and the conditioning circuit 102 thereof mainly comprise a differential pressure sensor, a signal conditioning circuit and an AD conversion circuit. The differential pressure sensor is a strain type differential pressure sensor which selects a 210-65-010-02 differential pressure transmitter of Emerson company, the measuring range of the differential pressure sensor is +/-6.8 MPa, the measuring error is not more than +/-0.35 percent, the direct current supply voltage is 10V, and the output is a mV level signal which is in direct proportion to the input differential pressure. For the convenience of measurement, the output signal of the differential pressure sensor needs to be adjusted to be a standard signal of 0-5V.
The signal conditioning circuit 102 is mainly composed of an instrument amplifying circuit and a following circuit, wherein the instrument amplifying circuit is composed of a precise instrument amplifier, a gain resistor, a corresponding matching resistor and a corresponding capacitor, and the following circuit is composed of an operational amplifier, a matching resistor and a corresponding capacitor. The signal amplification factor is 1+50K Ω/RG, where RG is 330 Ω in this embodiment, and the actual amplification factor is 152 times.
The analog-to-digital conversion circuit 103 is composed of an analog-to-digital conversion chip and a corresponding matching resistor and capacitor, and the analog-to-digital conversion chip is AD7656 in this embodiment. The device has 16-bit resolution, a 6-channel signal synchronous acquisition function and the highest sampling rate of 250 kSPS.
The microprocessor 104 is responsible for controlling the analog-to-digital conversion chip, performing data acquisition on the differential pressure signal according to a certain sampling frequency, and performing signal decoding calculation in the interrupt of the timer. The micro-processor used in this embodiment adopts TMS320F28335, which is a floating point 32-bit processor, and the highest frequency of the system is 150MHz, and the sampling frequency in this embodiment is 2 Hz.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is desirable to decode a downstream burst instruction in a microprocessor. The general flow chart of the decoding method is shown in fig. 2.
In fig. 2, a ground pressure fluctuation signal is sent to send a download command, step 201. Specifically, the download command is encoded into a pressure pulse generated by controlling the pumping operation of the surface electric pump based on a predefined download command encoding table.
The encoding format of the surface commands needs to be specified before decoding the downhole differential pressure signal. In one embodiment of the present invention, the instruction format in the download instruction encoding table includes an instruction header and a data portion, wherein the instruction header is a time interval between the first edge signal and the second edge signal of the pressure pulse, and the data portion is a time interval between the second edge signal and the third edge signal of the pressure pulse.
The instruction head occupies two chip time, the instruction data occupies 60 seconds in the embodiment, the instruction data is between 60 and 120 seconds, every 30 seconds interval is defined as one instruction, and 3 instructions are downloaded in total.
In the present embodiment, the falling edge time interval half T is defined as a 30-second interval, and the specific codec format is as follows.
TABLE 1 download instruction encoding format
The invention uses differential pressure signal as the signal source of pressure pulse, and its main advantage is that the signal amplitude does not increase with the increase of well depth. When the pump is stopped, the internal and external pressure difference disappears, and when the pump stroke of the slurry pump is maximum, the internal and external pressure difference is maximum. Therefore, the amplitude of the internal and external differential pressure signals is in a certain range, and the pressure pulse signal receiving and decoding are particularly facilitated. In the embodiment, the internal and external pressure difference is not more than 5MPa, which is convenient for the model selection of the differential pressure sensor. If the annular pressure or the pressure in the pipe column is used as a signal source, the characteristic that the signal amplitude changes along with the change of the well depth exists. Which is not conducive to pulse signal decoding.
For differential pressure signals, the key to decoding is to accurately identify the drilling fluid pressure pulse signal, particularly the time interval corresponding to the falling or rising edge of the pressure pulse. For the collected differential pressure signal, minimum filtering is needed to filter out interference.
The surface mud pump stroke is adjusted at the surface to adjust the drilling fluid flow rate to create pressure pulse variations downhole. Note that half of the falling edge interval is half of the falling edge interval. If the time is too short, the pressure variation is too small, the pulse quality is poor, and the command is not timely formed. If this time is too long, the entire command will take too long to download, which will affect normal drilling operations. Embodiments of the present invention preferably have a half T of between 20 and 40 seconds.
Next, in step 202, the downhole measurement-while-drilling system receives differential pressure signals inside and outside the drill collar. The pressure pulses are sampled at a sampling frequency and the edge signals of the pressure pulses (in this embodiment, the falling edge signals) are identified to obtain the time intervals of the edge signals of two adjacent pressure pulses.
And step 203, updating differential pressure signal buffer array data and filtering the moving average in the timing interruption.
And 204, judging whether the cache array meets a falling edge condition, if so, recording the current interruption time as the falling edge time, and updating a falling edge state bit. If the interval of two interrupt times exceeds the instruction maximum length, resetting the falling edge state bit and judging again.
In step 205, if 3 consecutive falling edges are recorded and the interval of 2 falling edges meets the specified time, the instruction decoding is completed, the corresponding instruction decoding state bit is set, the cache data is cleared, and the falling edge state bit is cleared.
And finally, searching a downloading instruction coding table based on the time interval so as to decode a corresponding downloading instruction.
And setting a falling edge judging condition to store continuous data in a period of time in the cache data with a fixed length, and comparing the continuous data before and after to ensure that the data is a complete falling edge. In this embodiment, the length of the buffer array is set to 20, which corresponds to 10 seconds of sampling data. Continuously comparing 4 data corresponding to the first 2 seconds in the cache data with 4 data corresponding to the second 2 seconds, if the difference between the first 4 differential pressure signal data and the second 4 differential pressure signal data exceeds a threshold value, such as 1Mpa, it indicates that a falling edge exists, otherwise, if the difference between the first 4 differential pressure signal data and the second 4 differential pressure signal data is less than-1 Mpa, it indicates that a rising edge exists, and when the falling edge or the rising edge exists, for the discrimination program, a condition is also required to be met, that is, if the time interval between the first falling edge and the second falling edge is less than the shortest interval time, such as 10 seconds, the two falling edges belong to the same falling edge.
Statistics of the number of falling edges are then performed. In the falling edge identification software program, firstly, a falling edge counter is set for counting the number of falling edges in a certain time, if a sufficient number of falling edges are not found in a specified maximum time, for example, no sufficient falling edges are found in 300 seconds, the counter is cleared, and the counting is started again. If the time interval between two falling edges is less than the minimum time, e.g., 10 seconds, the falling edge counter remains unchanged. In this embodiment, the maximum time is 300 seconds, and the minimum time is 10 seconds.
The specific downloading instruction can be determined by counting the time interval of continuous 3 falling edges and comparing the time interval with the specified length of the instruction frame header and the specified length of the instruction data. And completing the receiving and decoding of the download pulse instruction. And further controlling the work of the formation pressure measurement while drilling system.
In general, when implemented, a downhole command receiving decoding method comprises the steps of:
1) after the controller completes necessary initialization, a cache array with a specific length is established for storing a data window required for searching a falling edge, in this embodiment, the length of the cache array is 20, the acquisition frequency is 2Hz, and the length of the cache data corresponds to data of 10 seconds.
2) And starting timed interruption, wherein the timed interruption period of the embodiment is 100ms, and in a timed interruption subprogram, tasks such as data acquisition, updating of a differential pressure signal in a buffer array, sliding minimum filtering of data and the like are completed.
3) The purpose of performing sliding minimum filtering on the differential pressure signal in the timed interruption is to frequently remove the interference signal and prepare for counting the falling edge.
4) Counting whether a falling edge exists in the current buffer array or not, recording the current time as the falling edge time if the falling edge exists, updating a falling edge counter, simultaneously calculating the time interval between the current falling edge time and the last falling edge, if the time interval is smaller than the shortest time interval, such as 10 seconds, keeping the falling edge counter unchanged, if the longest time interval is exceeded, such as 300 seconds, recovering the falling edge counter to 1, only recording the current falling edge time, and abandoning the previous record. And counting the time interval of the continuous 3-time falling edges, and if the time interval of the continuous two-time falling edges meets the ground instruction coding format, setting the ground instruction flag bit to indicate that the instruction is successfully received, and simultaneously clearing original data to prepare for receiving the next instruction.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of the pressure pulse of the present invention is shown. The time interval of the 1 st and 2 nd falling edges of the pressure pulse in the present embodiment is specified to be 60 seconds. In order to improve the reliability of the command recognition, a certain margin must be provided, and the time margin of the command header in the embodiment is 30 seconds, that is, when the calculated time interval is 30 to 90 seconds, the correct command header is considered to be received. The time interval of the 2 nd and 3 rd falling edges in this embodiment varies between 60, 90, 120 seconds, representing 3 instructions to download. In order to improve the reliability of instruction recognition, the data length margin in the present embodiment is 15 seconds.
The method of the invention realizes the surface pressure change by controlling the pumping times of the electric pump on the surface, and the pressure change is transmitted to the underground; a differential pressure sensor is arranged on the underground measurement while drilling device to measure differential pressure signals inside and outside the drill collar, and a microprocessor is used for decoding ground instructions. The decoding method comprises the steps of (1) establishing a cache array with a specific length, wherein the cache array is used for storing a data window required by searching for a falling edge; (2) starting a timed interrupt; (3) updating and sliding filtering the differential pressure signal during the timed interruption; (4) and counting whether a falling edge exists or not, recording falling edge time if the falling edge exists, counting the time interval of continuous 3 times of falling edges, and setting a ground instruction flag bit to indicate that the instruction is successfully received and simultaneously clearing original data to prepare for receiving the next instruction if the time interval of the continuous two times of falling edges meets the ground instruction coding format. The decoding algorithm of the invention is simple, the calculation speed is fast, the occupied program memory is less, and the invention is suitable for the application of various underground measurement while drilling systems.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An encoding and decoding method for a downloading instruction of a formation pressure measurement while drilling tool is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
encoding the download command into a pressure pulse based on a predefined download command encoding table, wherein the pressure pulse is generated by controlling a pumping operation of a surface electric pump;
sampling the pressure pulses at a certain sampling frequency, and identifying edge signals of the pressure pulses to obtain time intervals of the edge signals of two adjacent pressure pulses;
searching the downloading instruction coding table based on the time interval to decode a corresponding downloading instruction;
the instruction format in the download instruction coding table comprises an instruction header and a data part, wherein the instruction header is a time interval between a first edge signal and a second edge signal of the pressure pulse, and the data part is a time interval between the second edge signal and a third edge signal of the pressure pulse;
when the pressure pulse is sampled, setting a buffer array with a certain length to buffer the digital data corresponding to the pressure pulse sampled in a certain time period, wherein the buffer array is used as a data window for identifying the edge signal of the pressure pulse;
filtering interference signals in the sampled data by adopting sliding minimum filtering;
identifying the edge signal of the pressure pulse comprises the steps of:
judging whether the continuous data stored in the current buffer array is a complete edge signal or not based on the judgment condition of the edge signal, and if so, recording the current time as the time of the edge signal;
setting an edge signal counter to count the number of identified edge signals in a certain time;
clearing the counter if a sufficient number of edge signals are not identified within a predefined maximum time period;
and judging whether the time interval of two adjacent edge signals is smaller than the shortest time interval, if so, regarding the two edge signals as the same edge signal, keeping the value of an edge signal counter unchanged, and otherwise, incrementing the value of the counter.
2. The encoding and decoding method for the downward command of the formation pressure measurement while drilling tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the implementation of the discriminating condition of the edge signal comprises the following steps:
comparing the data in the cache array in the previous period with the data in the next period,
if the difference between the data in the previous period and the data in the next period exceeds the threshold, it indicates that a falling edge exists, otherwise, if the difference is smaller than the threshold, it indicates that a rising edge exists.
3. The encoding and decoding method for the formation pressure measurement while drilling tool downloading instruction according to any one of claims 1-2,
and counting the time interval of the edge signals for 3 times, setting a flag bit of the download instruction if the time interval of the edge signals for two times meets the instruction format, indicating that the download instruction is successfully received, and clearing original data to prepare for receiving the next download instruction.
4. The encoding and decoding method for the downhole command of the formation pressure measurement-while-drilling tool as recited in claim 3,
a time margin is superimposed over the time interval in the instruction format to improve the reliability of instruction recognition.
5. An encoding and decoding system for a downhole command of a formation pressure measurement-while-drilling tool, the system comprising:
the pressure guide module comprises a pressure guide flow channel and a sealing ring, and is used for respectively guiding the pressure in the drill collar and the external pressure as inputs to form a differential pressure signal;
the differential pressure sensor and conditioning circuit comprises a differential pressure sensor, a signal conditioning circuit and an AD conversion circuit and is used for sensing the differential pressure signal and conditioning the differential pressure signal into a pressure pulse signal for measurement;
a microprocessor comprising a memory to, when executed, invoke instructions in the memory to perform the steps in the method of any one of claims 1-4 to decode downstream instructions in the pressure pulse signal.
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| CN112543027B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-11-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Narrow pulse width negative pulse type downlink signal decoding method and system based on pattern recognition |
| CN113176451B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2023-08-15 | 浙江威星智能仪表股份有限公司 | Pulse signal detection method based on table look-up method |
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