CN109744989B - Oral retractor system and method of use - Google Patents
Oral retractor system and method of use Download PDFInfo
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- CN109744989B CN109744989B CN201910188604.6A CN201910188604A CN109744989B CN 109744989 B CN109744989 B CN 109744989B CN 201910188604 A CN201910188604 A CN 201910188604A CN 109744989 B CN109744989 B CN 109744989B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oral cavity drag hook system and a use method thereof, wherein the oral cavity drag hook system comprises an oral cavity drag hook device, a soft palate drag hook device and a back pharyngeal wall soft tissue opening device, the oral cavity drag hook device comprises a tongue pressing component, a first adjusting part and an upper tooth opening component, the tongue pressing component and the upper tooth opening component are connected with the first adjusting part, and the first adjusting part adjusts the tongue pressing component and the upper tooth opening component to open a lower jaw and an upper jaw; the back pharyngeal wall soft tissue stretching device is positioned above the oral cavity drag hook device and comprises two soft tissue stretching components and a second adjusting part connected with the two soft tissue stretching components, and the second adjusting part adjusts the two soft tissue stretching components to stretch back pharyngeal wall soft tissue; the soft palate retractor device is positioned between the two soft tissue opening assemblies, the oral cavity opening of the oral cavity retractor system is easy, the back wall of the oral cavity pharynx is displayed in front of an operator to the greatest extent, a good and stable operation visual field is kept, and the requirements of the operator are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical appliances, in particular to an oral drag hook system for expanding an oral cavity, pressing a tongue body downwards and expanding soft palate and pharyngeal wall soft tissues during oral cavity operation and a use method thereof.
Background
When the anterior atlantoaxial operation is performed through the oral cavity, in order to facilitate the operation, the oral cavity is required to be opened, the tongue body is pressed down, the skull base and the pharyngeal rear wall in front of the upper cervical vertebra are exposed as large as possible, the conventional common use is a codman drag hook system, when the codman drag hook system is used for opening the oral cavity pull-down tongue body, the hand force of an operator is mainly relied on, the oral cavity sizes and the muscle forces around the oral cavity of different patients are different, the oral cavity opening of partial patients is difficult, and the operation area is insufficient or too narrow after the oral cavity opening, so that the operation requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oral cavity drag hook system and a use method thereof, wherein the oral cavity drag hook system is easy to open an oral cavity, so that the oral cavity is maximally and stably displayed in front of an operator as much as possible, a good operation visual field is kept, and the requirements of the operator are met.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the invention discloses an oral cavity drag hook system, which comprises an oral cavity drag hook device, a soft palate drag hook device and a back pharyngeal wall soft tissue opening device, wherein the oral cavity drag hook device comprises a tongue pressing component, a first adjusting part and an upper tooth opening component, the tongue pressing component and the upper tooth opening component are both connected with the first adjusting part, and the first adjusting part adjusts the tongue pressing component and the upper tooth opening component to open an upper jaw, a lower jaw and a tongue body; the back pharyngeal wall soft tissue stretching device is positioned above the oral cavity drag hook device and comprises two soft tissue stretching components and a second adjusting part connected with the two soft tissue stretching components, and the second adjusting part adjusts the two soft tissue stretching components to stretch back pharyngeal wall soft tissues; the soft palate retractor device is positioned between the two soft tissue opening assemblies.
The tongue depressor is characterized in that the tongue depressor component is a tongue depressor, an oval sheet structure is formed by the contact surface of the tongue depressor and a tongue body, a first connecting piece is arranged at one end of the tongue tip of the tongue depressor, the first connecting piece is perpendicular to the tongue depressor, the first connecting piece extends to one side of the contact surface of the tongue depressor and the tongue body, a first connecting column is arranged on the first connecting piece, a first waist-shaped groove is arranged on the first connecting column, a first fixing hole is formed in the first waist-shaped groove, and a first fixing piece protruding out of two opposite sides of the first fixing hole is arranged in the first fixing hole.
The upper tooth struts the subassembly and includes two upper tooth couples and second connecting piece, two the top of upper tooth couple respectively with the second connecting piece links to each other, and is located respectively the relative both ends of second connecting piece, two upper tooth couples are "L" type structure, two the bottom of upper tooth couple all extends to its inboard oblique below, be equipped with the second spliced pole on the second connecting piece, be equipped with second waist shape recess on the second spliced pole, be equipped with the second fixed orifices in the second waist shape recess, be equipped with in the second fixed orifices protruding in the second fixed orifices second fixed part of the relative both sides of second fixed orifices.
The first adjusting part comprises a third connecting piece, a fourth connecting piece, a first adjusting rod, a first adjusting piece and a second adjusting piece, wherein a first rotating hole is formed in the first adjusting rod, the top of the third connecting piece penetrates through the first rotating hole and then is connected with the first adjusting piece, a first connecting hole matched with the first connecting column is formed in the bottom of the third connecting piece, first clamping grooves are formed in two opposite sides of the first connecting hole respectively, and two ends of the first fixing piece are located in the first clamping grooves respectively; the top of fourth connecting piece links to each other with the second regulating part, the bottom of fourth connecting piece be equipped with the second connecting hole that the second spliced pole matches, the relative both sides of second connecting hole are equipped with the second draw-in groove respectively, the both ends of second mounting are located respectively in the second draw-in groove.
The first adjusting piece comprises a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft and a first rotating spanner cap, the third connecting piece penetrates through the first rotating hole and then is connected with the second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is connected with the second rotating shaft, the first rotating spanner cap is fixed on the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is in contact with the first adjusting rod, a plurality of positioning beads are arranged on the second rotating shaft and on the contact surface of the first adjusting rod, positioning grooves matched with the positioning beads are arranged on the contact surface of the first adjusting rod and the second rotating shaft, the positioning beads and the positioning grooves are located on the same circular arc, a first limiting groove is further formed in the first adjusting rod, a first limiting column is arranged on the second rotating shaft and is located in the first limiting groove.
The second adjusting piece comprises a first sliding sleeve, a first rotating gear, a first limiting baffle, a first pressing part and a first elastic piece, wherein the first sliding sleeve is sleeved on the first adjusting rod, the first sliding sleeve is connected with the fourth connecting piece, a second rotating hole is formed in the first sliding sleeve, the first rotating gear is located in the second rotating hole, a plurality of first clamping teeth are arranged on the first rotating gear, a plurality of second clamping teeth are arranged on the first adjusting rod, the first clamping teeth are in contact with the second clamping teeth, and the first clamping teeth are meshed with the second clamping teeth; still be equipped with first spacing hole on the first slip sleeve, first limit baffle is located in the first spacing hole, first press the portion with first limit baffle links to each other, and first elastic component is located the below of first press the portion, and first press the portion with first elastic component articulates mutually.
The soft tissue opening assembly comprises a soft tissue opening assembly and a soft tissue opening assembly, wherein the soft tissue opening assembly is arranged oppositely, the soft tissue opening assembly comprises a plurality of inclined tooth hooks, a soft tissue baffle and a connecting round rod, the inclined tooth hooks are fixed at one ends of the soft tissue baffle, the length of each inclined tooth hook is larger than that of each inclined tooth hook at the two sides, the other ends of the soft tissue baffle, which are opposite to the inclined tooth hooks, are connected with the connecting round rod, the connecting round rod is of a curved arc-shaped structure, the connecting round rod is connected with the second adjusting part, one end of the connecting round rod, which is connected with the second adjusting part, is the first end, the distance between the first ends of the connecting round rods of the two soft tissue opening assembly is larger than that between the second ends.
The two second adjusting parts comprise a fifth connecting piece, a second sliding sleeve, a second rotating gear, a second limiting baffle, a second pressing part, a second elastic piece and a second adjusting rod, wherein the connecting round rod is connected with the fifth connecting piece, the second sliding sleeve is sleeved on the second adjusting rod, the second sliding sleeve is connected with the fifth connecting piece, a third rotating hole is formed in the second sliding sleeve, the second rotating gear is located in the third rotating hole, a plurality of third clamping teeth are arranged on the second rotating gear, a plurality of fourth clamping teeth are arranged on the second adjusting rod, the third clamping teeth are in contact with the fourth clamping teeth, and the third clamping teeth are meshed with the fourth clamping teeth; the second sliding sleeve is further provided with a second limiting hole, the second limiting baffle is located in the second limiting hole, the second pressing part is connected with the second limiting baffle, the second elastic piece is located below the second pressing part, and the second pressing part is hinged with the second elastic piece.
The soft palate retractor comprises two soft palate retractor blades, two lower tooth hook blades, a connecting part and a supporting part, wherein one end of the connecting part is connected with the soft palate retractor blades, the other end of the connecting part is connected with the supporting part, the supporting part is connected with the lower tooth hook blades, and the supporting part is of a semi-annular elastic structure.
The invention also discloses a method for using the oral drag hook system, which comprises the following steps:
placing the oral cavity drag hook device in an oral cavity, placing the tongue pressing assembly above the tongue body, and placing the upper teeth opening assembly below upper teeth of the upper jaw;
the tongue pressing assembly presses the tongue body downwards through adjusting the first adjusting part, the upper teeth opening assembly opens the upper jaw, the distance between the upper jaw and the lower jaw is opened, and the pharyngeal rear wall is exposed;
placing the soft palate retractor device in the oral cavity to prop open the soft palate and the uvula;
after cutting the back wall of the pharynx, placing a soft tissue opening device of the back wall of the pharynx in the oral cavity, and respectively placing two soft tissue opening assemblies at the soft tissue incision of the back wall of the pharynx in front of the atlantoaxial;
by adjusting the two second adjusting parts respectively, the soft tissues of the pharyngeal wall at the two sides of the oral cavity are spread.
It should be noted that:
the foregoing "first, second, third …" is merely for distinguishing between names and not necessarily for representing a particular number or order.
The advantages and principles of the invention are described below:
1. the first tongue pressing component of the oral cavity retractor device regulates the tongue pressing body through the first regulating part, simultaneously, the upper jaw and the lower jaw are opened through the regulation of the first regulating part, the tongue pressing body is pressed down, the back pharyngeal wall is exposed, the opened oral cavity does not need to depend on the hand strength of an operator completely, the oral cavity can be opened by one millimeter and one millimeter step by step through the regulation of the regulating part, the opening of the oral cavity is easy and stable, meanwhile, the opened oral cavity can keep the stable state of the operation field of the back pharyngeal wall after the back pharyngeal wall is exposed, the oral cavity is prevented from being closed again, and the upward movement of the tongue body and the tongue root part stops the back pharyngeal wall again; the soft palate retractor device expands the soft palate and uvula in the oral cavity and enlarges the exposure range of the back pharyngeal wall; after the soft tissue of the pharyngeal wall is cut and placed into the soft tissue distraction device of the pharyngeal wall, the soft tissue distraction device of the pharyngeal wall can be gradually and stably opened through the adjustment of the second adjusting part, so that the soft tissue distraction assembly can pull the soft tissue and scars in front of the atlantoaxial vertebral body, the atlantoaxial lateral mass joint is better exposed, and a good surgical field is maintained.
2. The tongue depressor is in an oval sheet-shaped structure with the contact surface of the tongue body, the tongue body is stressed evenly when the tongue depressor presses the tongue body, the tongue body integrally moves downwards after being stressed, a first connecting piece connected with the tongue depressor is used for connecting the tongue depressor with the first adjusting part, the first adjusting part is convenient for adjusting the tongue depressor, the first connecting piece extends to one side of the tongue depressor, which is contacted with the tongue body, of the tongue depressor, after the tongue body is pressed by the tongue depressor, the first connecting piece is arranged above a lower jaw, the surgical field can be avoided, and meanwhile, the first connecting piece can prop the lower jaw downwards.
3. The first connecting column on the first connecting piece is used for connecting and fixing the first connecting piece and the first adjusting part, after the first connecting column is arranged in the first connecting hole of the adjusting part, the first fixing piece on the first connecting column is arranged in the first clamping groove of the first connecting part, the tongue depressor is fixed with the first connecting part, the stability of the tongue depressor is improved, and the tongue depressor is prevented from moving in the operation process.
4. The two upper tooth hooks of the upper tooth supporting assembly are of L-shaped structures, the bottoms of the two upper tooth hooks extend obliquely downwards to the inner sides of the upper tooth hooks, and the two upper tooth hooks are designed according to the arrangement shape of upper teeth in an oral cavity, so that the upper tooth hooks can better buckle the upper teeth, and the upper tooth hooks are prevented from loosening after being buckled with the upper teeth; and meanwhile, a second connecting column connected with the upper tooth hook is used for fixing the upper tooth hook on the first adjusting part, and after the second connecting column is arranged in the second connecting hole, a second connecting piece on the second connecting column is positioned in the second clamping groove to fix the second connecting column so as to prevent the upper tooth hook from moving.
5. The first adjusting piece is connected with the tongue depressor through a third connecting piece, the first rotating shaft is connected with the second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is rotated through rotating a first rotating spanner cap on the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, and then the third connecting piece is driven to rotate, the position and the angle of the tongue depressor are adjusted through rotation of the third connecting piece, and the exposure range of the back pharyngeal wall is further enlarged;
be equipped with a plurality of locating beads on the second rotation axis, can set for the contained angle between the centre of a circle of two adjacent locating beads, through rotatory to the constant head tank with different locating beads in, steerable second rotation axis's rotation angle, and then the angle of regulation of accurate control tongue depressor, first spacing post on the second rotation axis can prevent that the second rotation axis from rotating excessively.
6. The first rotating gear is rotated, the first rotating gear drives the first sliding sleeve to slide on the first adjusting rod, the first sliding sleeve drives the fourth connecting piece to move, the upper tooth opening assembly is further driven to move, the upper tooth opening assembly gradually opens an oral cavity in the moving process, the oral cavity can be opened gradually and stably by rotating the first rotating gear, the hand force of an operator is not required to be relied completely in the oral cavity opening process, the opening of the oral cavity is stable and controllable, the oral cavity can be opened to the greatest extent, a better operation view is obtained, and meanwhile, the temporomandibular joint dislocation can be avoided; after the upper tooth opening assembly opens the oral cavity, the first sliding sleeve is limited by the clamping of the first limiting baffle and the second clamping teeth, the first sliding sleeve is prevented from moving, the first limiting baffle can be kept in a stable state by the first elastic piece connected with the first pressing part, and the upper tooth opening assembly is prevented from suddenly moving in the surgical process to increase the surgical risk.
7. The length of the inclined tooth hooks in the middle of the soft tissue expanding assembly is greater than that of the inclined tooth hooks on two sides, when the inclined tooth hooks on two sides are contacted with the cortical bone in front of the atlantoaxial after the soft tissue expanding assembly is inserted into the oral cavity, the inclined tooth hooks in the middle can grasp soft tissues and scars at joints among main atlantoaxial bodies, soft tissue residues during expanding and exposing are reduced, and the regions of atlantoaxial two-side intermass loosening, resetting and bone grafting fusion are better exposed.
8. The connecting round rod connected with the soft tissue baffle is of a curved arc-shaped design, is small in size and is outward in arc, shielding of an operation visual field can be reduced as much as possible, influence on a core area of an operation area can be reduced, and operation of an operator is facilitated.
9. The second adjusting part is connected with the soft tissue opening assembly, a second rotating gear on the second adjusting part is rotated, and the second rotating gear drives a second sliding sleeve to move on a second adjusting rod, so that the soft tissue opening assembly is opened step by step and stably, and the soft tissue and scar in front of the atlantoaxial are pulled open; and after the second limiting baffle is clamped with the fourth clamping teeth, the second sliding sleeve is limited, and the second sliding sleeve is prevented from moving.
10. The soft palate drag hook baffle of the soft palate drag hook device is used for expanding soft palate and uvula, the connecting part is used for connecting the supporting part and the soft palate drag hook baffle, the lower tooth hook baffle is placed on the lower teeth to provide supporting points for the supporting part, the supporting part is of a semi-annular elastic structure, and the supporting part can provide continuous and stable tension outwards and upwards, so that the soft palate drag hook baffle can pull the soft palate upwards.
11. The second adjusting part on the oral cavity drag hook device can gradually prop open the oral cavity by adjusting the distance close to one millimeter each time, and the upper jaw and the lower jaw are stably and controllably prop open.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an oral retractor assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an oral retractor assembly of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tongue depressor assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an upper teeth distractor assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a posterior pharyngeal wall soft tissue distraction device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a posterior pharyngeal wall soft tissue distraction device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a soft tissue distraction assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a soft palate retractor device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate:
100. an oral retractor device; 200. a soft palate retractor device; 300. a posterior pharyngeal wall soft tissue distraction device; 110. a tongue depressor component; 120. an upper tooth distracting assembly; 111. a first connector; 112. a first connection post; 113. a first kidney-shaped groove; 114. a first fixing hole; 121. a tooth-up hook; 122. a second connector; 123. a second connection post; 124. a second kidney-shaped groove; 125. a second fixing hole; 400. a third connecting member; 500. a fourth connecting member; 600. a first adjusting lever; 700. a first adjustment member; 800. a second adjusting member; 410. a first connecting rod; 420. a second connecting rod; 430. a third connecting rod; 610. a first rotation hole; 431. a first connection hole; 432. a first clamping groove; 510. a fourth connecting rod; 520. a fifth connecting rod; 530. a sixth connecting rod; 531. a second connection hole; 532. a second clamping groove; 710. a first rotation shaft; 720. a second rotation shaft; 730. a first rotary spanner cap; 721. a fourth rotation hole; 711. a fifth rotation hole; 810. a first sliding sleeve; 820. a first rotary gear; 830. a first limit baffle; 840. a first pressing portion; 850. a first elastic member; 811. a second rotation hole; 821. a third rotation shaft; 822. a second rotary spanner cap; 812. a first limiting hole; 310. a soft tissue distraction assembly; 320. a second adjusting part; 311. oblique tooth hooks; 312. a soft tissue baffle; 313. connecting round rods; 321. a fifth connecting member; 322. a second sliding sleeve 323, a second rotary gear; 324. the second limit baffle plate; 325. a second pressing portion; 326. a second elastic member; 3211. a seventh connecting rod; 3212. an eighth connecting rod; 3213. a ninth connecting rod; 3214. a third positioning hole; 3215. a third clamping groove; 314. a third connecting column; 315. a third kidney-shaped groove; 316. a third fixing hole; 3221. a third rotation hole; 327. a fourth rotation shaft; 328. a third rotary spanner cap; 3222. a second limiting hole; 210. soft palate retractor baffle; 220. a lower tooth hook baffle plate; 230. a connection part; 240. a support part; 330. and a second adjusting rod.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment discloses an oral cavity retractor system, which comprises an oral cavity retractor device 100, a soft palate retractor device 200 and a soft tissue opening device 300 on the back wall of the pharynx, wherein the oral cavity retractor device 100 is used for pressing down a tongue body, opening the upper jaw and the lower jaw, the soft tissue opening device 300 on the back wall of the pharynx is used for opening the soft tissues on two sides of the oral cavity, the number of the soft palate retractor devices 200 is two, and the number of the two soft palate retractor devices 200 is used for opening the soft palate and the uvula;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the oral retractor device 100 of this embodiment includes a tongue depressor component 110, a first adjusting portion and an upper tooth stretching component 120, where the tongue depressor component 110 and the upper tooth stretching component 120 are both connected with the first adjusting portion, as shown in fig. 5, the tongue depressor component 110 is a tongue depressor, the contact surface of the tongue depressor and the tongue body is an oval sheet structure, the oval sheet structure is matched with the shape of the upper surface of the tongue body, when the tongue depressor presses the tongue body downwards, the tongue body can move downwards integrally, one end of the tongue depressor in this embodiment is gradually narrowed towards the middle of the tongue depressor, and one end of the tongue tip is provided with a first connecting piece 111, the first connecting piece 111 extends towards the side of the tongue contact surface of the tongue depressor and is bent into a right angle, the first connecting piece 111 is provided with a first connecting post 112, the first connecting post 112 is provided with a first waist-shaped groove 113, the inside of the first waist-shaped groove 113 is provided with a first fixing hole 114, and the inside of the first fixing hole 114 is provided with first fixing pieces protruding out of opposite sides of the first fixing hole 114 (not shown in the figure);
as shown in fig. 6, the upper tooth opening assembly 120 of the present embodiment includes two upper tooth hooks 121 and a second connecting member 122, wherein the tops of the two upper tooth hooks 121 are respectively connected with the second connecting member 122 and are respectively located at two opposite ends of the second connecting member 122, the two upper tooth hooks 121 are both in an L-shaped structure, the bottoms of the two upper tooth hooks 121 extend obliquely downwards towards the inner sides thereof, a second connecting post 123 is arranged on the second connecting member 122, a second kidney-shaped groove 124 is arranged on the second connecting post 123, a second fixing hole 125 is arranged in the second kidney-shaped groove 124, and second fixing members (not shown in the figure) protruding out of two opposite sides of the second fixing hole 125 are arranged in the second fixing hole 125;
as shown in fig. 3, the first adjusting part of the present embodiment includes a third connecting member 400, a fourth connecting member 500, a first adjusting lever 600, a first adjusting member 700 and a second adjusting member 800, where, as shown in fig. 4, the third connecting member 400 includes a first connecting member 410, a second connecting member 420 and a third connecting member 430, the second connecting member 420 is located between the first connecting member 410 and the third connecting member 430, the top of the second connecting member 420 is hinged with the bottom of the first connecting member 410, the bottom of the second connecting member 420 is hinged with the top of the third connecting member 430, a first rotating hole 610 is provided on the first adjusting lever 600, the top of the first connecting member 410 passes through the first rotating hole 610 and then is connected with the first adjusting member 700, a first connecting hole 431 matched with the first connecting post 112 is provided at the bottom of the third connecting member 430, and first clamping grooves 432 are respectively provided at opposite sides of the first connecting hole 431, and two ends of the first fixing member are located in the first clamping grooves 432, so that the third connecting member 400 of the present embodiment can reduce the transmission distance between the tongue depressor and the tongue depressor, and the tongue depressor can be reduced when the tongue depressor is depressed; the fourth connecting piece 500 comprises a fourth connecting rod 510, a fifth connecting rod 520 and a sixth connecting rod 530, wherein the fifth connecting rod 520 is positioned between the fourth connecting rod 510 and the sixth connecting rod 530, the top of the fifth connecting rod 520 is hinged with the bottom of the fourth connecting rod 510, the bottom of the fifth connecting rod 520 is hinged with the top of the sixth connecting rod 530, the top of the fourth connecting rod 510 is connected with the second adjusting piece 800, the bottom of the sixth connecting rod 530 is provided with a second connecting hole 531 matched with the second connecting column 123, two opposite sides of the second connecting hole 531 are respectively provided with a second clamping groove 532, and two ends of the second fixing piece are respectively positioned in the second clamping grooves 532;
the first adjusting member 700 of this embodiment includes a first rotating shaft 710, a second rotating shaft 720 and a first rotating trigger cap 730, a fourth rotating hole 721 penetrating the second rotating shaft 720 is provided on the second rotating shaft 720, a fifth rotating hole 711 is provided on the first rotating shaft 710, the top of the first connecting rod 410 sequentially passes through the first rotating hole 610 and the fourth rotating hole 721 and then is fixed in the fifth rotating hole 711, the upper surface of the second rotating shaft 720 contacts with the lower surface of the first rotating shaft 710, the first rotating trigger cap 730 is fixed on the top of the first rotating shaft 710, the lower surface of the second rotating shaft 720 contacts with the first adjusting rod 600, three positioning beads are respectively provided on two opposite sides of the lower surface of the second rotating shaft 720, the included angle between the center of two adjacent positioning beads on the same side and the center of the fourth rotating hole 721 is 20 degrees, two positioning grooves matched with the positioning beads are provided on the contact surface of the first adjusting rod 600, the two positioning grooves are respectively located on two opposite sides of the first rotating hole 610, the first positioning beads can be located on the same circular arc, and can be located in the first rotating limiting position column 600, and can be located in the first rotating column 600 for preventing the first rotating column from being rotated;
the second adjusting member 800 of the present embodiment includes a first sliding sleeve 810, a first rotating gear 820, a first limiting baffle 830, a first pressing portion 840 and a first elastic member 850, where the first sliding sleeve 810 is sleeved on the first adjusting rod 600, the top of the fourth connecting rod 510 is connected with the first sliding sleeve 810, the first sliding sleeve 810 is provided with a second rotating hole 811, the first rotating gear 820 is located in the second rotating hole 811, one end of the first rotating gear 820 is provided with a third rotating shaft 821, the third rotating shaft 821 is provided with a second rotating pull cap 822, the first rotating gear 820 is provided with a plurality of first latches, the first adjusting rod 600 is provided with a plurality of second latches, the first latches are in contact with the second latches, and the first latches are meshed with the second latches; still be equipped with first spacing hole 812 on the first slip casing 810, first limit baffle 830 is located first spacing hole 812, first press the portion 840 and link to each other with first limit baffle 830, first press the portion 840 and be located the top of first slip casing 810, first elastic component 850 is located the below of first press the portion 840, and first press the portion 840 and hinge mutually with first elastic component 850, through pressing the press portion, press the portion and can drive first limit baffle 830 and reciprocate, make first limit baffle 830 be located fixed first slip casing 810 between two adjacent second latches, first elastic component 850 of this embodiment is the spring.
As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the pharyngeal wall soft tissue spreader 300 is located above the oral cavity retractor 100, the pharyngeal wall soft tissue spreader 300 includes a second adjusting rod 330, two soft tissue spreading components 310 and a second adjusting portion 320 connected to the two soft tissue spreading components 310, the two soft tissue spreading components 310 are oppositely disposed on the second adjusting rod 330, the two soft tissue spreading components 310 each include three inclined tooth hooks 311, a soft tissue baffle 312 and a connecting round bar 313, the three inclined tooth hooks 311 are fixed at one end of the soft tissue baffle 312, the length of the inclined tooth hooks 311 located in the middle is greater than the length of the inclined tooth hooks 311 at two sides, one end of the inclined tooth hooks located at the upper side extends above the soft tissue baffle 312, one end of the inclined tooth hooks located at the lower side extends below the soft tissue baffle 312, the other end of the soft tissue baffle 312 opposite to the inclined tooth hooks 311 is connected to the connecting round bar 313, the connecting round bar 313 is connected to the second adjusting portion 320, the connecting round bar 313 is in a curved structure, the length of the inclined tooth hooks 311 is greater than the length of the inclined tooth hooks 311 at the two ends of the soft tissue baffle 312, and the connecting round bar 313 is connected to the first end of the second end of the soft tissue baffle 310; the two second adjusting parts 320 comprise a fifth connecting piece 321, a second sliding sleeve 322, a second rotating gear 323, a second limiting baffle 324, a second pressing part 325 and a second elastic piece 326, wherein the fifth connecting piece 321 comprises a seventh connecting rod 3211, an eighth connecting rod 3212 and a ninth connecting rod 3213, the eighth connecting rod 3212 is positioned between the seventh connecting rod 3211 and the ninth connecting rod 3213, the top of the eighth connecting rod 3212 is hinged with the bottom of the seventh connecting rod 3211, the bottom of the eighth connecting rod 3212 is hinged with the top of the ninth connecting rod 3213, a third locating hole 3214 is arranged at the bottom of the ninth connecting rod 3213, third clamping grooves 3215 are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the third locating hole 3214, third connecting columns 314 matched with the third locating hole 3214 are arranged on the connecting round rods 313, third kidney-shaped grooves 315 are arranged on the third connecting columns 314, the third kidney-shaped groove 315 is provided with a third fixing hole 316, third fixing pieces protruding out of two opposite sides of the third fixing hole 316 are arranged in the third fixing hole 316, the third connecting column 314 is positioned in a third positioning hole 3214, the third fixing pieces are positioned in a third clamping groove 3215, the second sliding sleeve 322 is sleeved on the second adjusting rod 330, the second sliding sleeve 322 is connected with the fifth connecting piece 321, a third rotating hole 3221 is arranged on the second sliding sleeve 322, a second rotating gear 323 is positioned in the third rotating hole 3221, one end of the second rotating gear 323 is provided with a fourth rotating shaft 327, a third rotating spanner cap 328 is arranged on the fourth rotating shaft 327, a plurality of third clamping teeth are arranged on the second rotating gear 323, a plurality of fourth clamping teeth are arranged on the second adjusting rod 330, the third clamping teeth are contacted with the fourth clamping teeth, and the third clamping teeth are meshed with the fourth clamping teeth; the second sliding sleeve 322 is further provided with a second limiting hole 3222, the second limiting baffle 324 is located in the second limiting hole 3222, the second pressing portion 325 is connected with the second limiting baffle 324, the second elastic piece 326 is located below the second pressing portion 325, and the second pressing portion 325 is hinged to the second elastic piece 326.
As shown in FIG. 10, the soft palate retractor 200 is positioned between two soft tissue expanding assemblies 310, the soft palate retractor 200 is two, the two soft palate retractor 200 comprises a soft palate retractor baffle 210, a lower tooth hook baffle 220, a connecting part 230 and a supporting part 240, one end of the connecting part 230 is connected with the soft palate retractor baffle 210, the other end of the connecting part 230 is connected with the supporting part 240, the supporting part 240 is connected with the lower tooth hook baffle, and the supporting part 240 is of a semi-annular elastic structure.
The embodiment also discloses a method for using the oral drag hook system, which comprises the following steps:
placing the oral retractor device 100 in the oral cavity, placing the tongue depressor component 110 above the tongue, and placing the upper teeth spreader component 120 below the upper row of teeth of the upper jaw;
by adjusting the first adjusting part, the tongue pressing assembly 110 presses down the tongue body, the upper teeth opening assembly 120 opens the upper jaw, the distance between the upper jaw and the lower jaw is pulled open, and the pharyngeal rear wall is exposed;
the soft palate retractor device 200 is placed in the oral cavity, the teeth below the lower teeth hook baffle 220 are used as supporting points, and the soft palate and the uvula are continuously and stably supported by the semi-annular elastic structure of the supporting part 240 and the connecting part connecting the soft palate retractor baffle 210;
cutting the back pharyngeal wall, placing the back pharyngeal wall soft tissue distraction device 300 in the oral cavity, and placing the two soft tissue distraction components 310 at the soft tissue incision of the back pharyngeal wall in front of the atlantoaxial, respectively, and placing the oblique tooth hook at the cortical bone in front of the atlantoaxial;
the two second adjusting parts 320 are respectively adjusted to open the soft tissues of the pharyngeal wall at two sides of the oral cavity;
the advantages and principles of the present embodiment are described below:
1. the first tongue pressing component 110 of the oral cavity retractor device 100 adjusts the tongue pressing body through the first adjusting part, simultaneously, the upper jaw, the lower jaw and the tongue pressing body are opened through the adjustment of the first adjusting part, the back pharyngeal wall is exposed, the opened oral cavity does not need to depend on the hand force of an operator completely, the mouth can be opened by one millimeter and one millimeter step by step through the adjustment of the adjusting part, the opening of the oral cavity is easy and stable, meanwhile, the stable state of the operation field area of the back pharyngeal wall can be kept after the back pharyngeal wall is exposed by the opened oral cavity, the re-closing of the oral cavity is avoided, and the upward movement of the tongue body and the tongue root is prevented from blocking the back pharyngeal wall again; the soft palate retractor 200 opens the soft palate and uvula in the mouth, expanding the exposure range of the posterior pharyngeal wall; after the soft tissue of the pharyngeal wall is cut and put into the soft tissue distraction device 300 of the pharyngeal wall, the soft tissue distraction device 300 of the pharyngeal wall can gradually and stably open the soft tissue distraction assembly 310 through the adjustment of the second adjusting part 320, so that the soft tissue distraction assembly 310 pulls away soft tissue and scars in front of the atlantoaxial vertebral body, the atlantoaxial lateral mass joint is better exposed, and a good surgical field is maintained.
2. The tongue depressor is in an elliptic sheet-shaped structure with the contact surface of the tongue body, when the tongue depressor presses the tongue body, the tongue body is stressed uniformly, the tongue body integrally moves downwards after being stressed, the first connecting piece 111 connected with the tongue depressor is used for connecting the tongue depressor with the first adjusting part, the first adjusting part is convenient for adjusting the tongue depressor, the first connecting piece 111 extends to one side of the tongue depressor, which is contacted with the tongue body, after the tongue depressor presses the tongue body, the first connecting piece 111 is arranged above the lower jaw, the surgical field can be avoided, and meanwhile, the first connecting piece 111 can downwards prop the lower jaw.
3. The first connecting column 112 on the first connecting piece 111 is used for connecting and fixing the first connecting piece 111 and the first adjusting part, after the first connecting column 112 is arranged in the first connecting hole 431 of the adjusting part, the first fixing piece on the first connecting column 112 is arranged in the first clamping groove 432 of the first connecting part 230, so that the tongue depressor and the first connecting part 230 are fixed, the stability of the tongue depressor is improved, and the tongue depressor is prevented from moving in the operation process.
4. The two upper teeth hooks 121 of the upper teeth opening assembly 120 are of L-shaped structures, the bottoms of the two upper teeth hooks 121 extend obliquely downwards to the inner sides of the upper teeth hooks 121, and the two upper teeth hooks 121 are designed according to the arrangement shape of upper teeth in an oral cavity, so that the upper teeth hooks 121 can better buckle the upper teeth, and the upper teeth hooks 121 are prevented from loosening after being buckled with the upper teeth; meanwhile, the second connecting post 123 connected to the upper tooth hook 121 is used for fixing the upper tooth hook 121 on the first adjusting portion, and after the second connecting post 123 is placed in the second connecting hole 531, the second connecting piece 122 on the second connecting post 123 is located in the second clamping groove 532 to fix the second connecting post 123, so as to prevent the upper tooth hook 121 from moving.
5. The first adjusting member 700 is connected with the tongue depressor through the third connecting member 400, the first rotating shaft 710 is connected with the second rotating shaft 720, the first rotating shaft 710 is rotated by rotating the first rotating spanner cap 730 on the first rotating shaft 710, the first rotating shaft 710 drives the second rotating shaft 720 to rotate, and then drives the third connecting member 400 to rotate, and the position and the angle of the tongue depressor are adjusted through the rotation of the third connecting member 400, so that the exposure range of the back pharyngeal wall is further enlarged;
the second rotating shaft 720 is provided with a plurality of positioning beads, the included angle between the circle centers of two adjacent positioning beads can be set, and the rotating angle of the second rotating shaft 720 can be controlled by rotating different positioning beads into the positioning groove, so that the adjusting angle of the tongue depressor can be accurately controlled, and the first limiting column on the second rotating shaft 720 can prevent the second rotating shaft 720 from rotating excessively.
6. The first rotary gear 820 is rotated, the first rotary gear 820 drives the first sliding sleeve 810 to slide on the first adjusting rod 600, the first sliding sleeve 810 drives the fourth connecting piece 500 to move, the upper tooth opening assembly 120 is further driven to move, the upper tooth opening assembly 120 gradually opens an oral cavity in the moving process, the oral cavity can be opened step by step and stably by rotating the first rotary gear 820, the opening of the oral cavity is stable and controllable without completely depending on the hand force of an operator in the opening process of the oral cavity, the oral cavity can be opened to the greatest extent, a better operation visual field is obtained, and the dislocation of temporomandibular joints can be avoided; after the upper tooth opening assembly 120 opens the oral cavity, the first sliding sleeve 810 is limited by the clamping of the first limiting baffle 830 and the second clamping teeth, so that the first sliding sleeve 810 is prevented from moving, the first elastic piece 850 connected with the first pressing part 840 can keep the first limiting baffle 830 in a stable state, and the upper tooth opening assembly 120 is prevented from suddenly moving in the surgical process to increase the surgical risk.
7. The length of the inclined tooth hooks 311 in the middle of the soft tissue stretching assembly 310 is greater than that of the inclined tooth hooks 311 on two sides, after the soft tissue stretching assembly 310 stretches into an oral cavity, when the inclined tooth hooks 311 on two sides contact cortical bone in front of atlantoaxial, the inclined tooth hooks 311 in the middle can grasp soft tissues and scars at joints among main atlantoaxial bodies, soft tissue residues during stretching exposure are reduced, and the regions of the atlantoaxial two-side intermass loosening, resetting and bone grafting fusion device are better exposed.
8. The connecting circular rod 313 connected with the soft tissue baffle 312 is of a curved arc-shaped design, has a smaller volume, can reduce the shielding of the operation view as much as possible, and can reduce the influence on the core area of the operation area, thereby being convenient for the operation of an operator.
9. The second adjusting part 320 is connected with the soft tissue stretching assembly 310, the second rotating gear 323 on the second adjusting part 320 is rotated, the second rotating gear 323 drives the second sliding sleeve 322 to move on the second adjusting rod 330, and then the soft tissue stretching assembly 310 is opened step by step and stably, so that soft tissues and scars in front of atlantoaxial are stretched; after the second limiting baffle 324 is engaged with the fourth engaging teeth, the second sliding sleeve 322 is limited, so as to prevent the second sliding sleeve 322 from moving.
10. The soft palate retractor blade 210 of the soft palate retractor device 200 is used for expanding soft palate and uvula, the connecting part 230 is used for connecting the supporting part 240 and the soft palate retractor blade 210, the lower tooth hook blade 220 is placed on the lower teeth to provide supporting points for the supporting part 240, the supporting part 240 is of a semi-annular structure, and the supporting part 240 can provide continuous stable tension to enable the soft palate retractor blade 210 to pull the soft palate upwards.
11. The second adjusting part on the oral retractor device 100 can adjust the distance close to one millimeter each time to gradually open the oral cavity, and the upper jaw and the lower jaw are opened stably and controllably.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; any substitutions and modifications made without departing from the spirit of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The oral cavity drag hook system is characterized by comprising an oral cavity drag hook device, a soft palate drag hook device and a back pharyngeal wall soft tissue opening device, wherein the oral cavity drag hook device comprises a tongue pressing component, a first adjusting part and an upper tooth opening component, the tongue pressing component and the upper tooth opening component are connected with the first adjusting part, and the first adjusting part adjusts the tongue pressing component and the upper tooth opening component to open an upper jaw, a lower jaw and a tongue body; the back pharyngeal wall soft tissue stretching device is positioned above the oral cavity drag hook device and comprises two soft tissue stretching components and a second adjusting part connected with the two soft tissue stretching components, and the second adjusting part adjusts the two soft tissue stretching components to stretch back pharyngeal wall soft tissues; the soft palate retractor device is positioned between the two soft tissue opening assemblies;
the tongue depressor is characterized in that the tongue depressor is a tongue depressor, the contact surface of the tongue depressor and the tongue body is in an oval sheet structure, a first connecting piece is arranged at one end of the tongue tip of the tongue depressor and is perpendicular to the tongue depressor, the first connecting piece extends to one side of the contact surface of the tongue depressor and the tongue body, a first connecting column is arranged on the first connecting piece, a first waist-shaped groove is arranged on the first connecting column, a first fixing hole is arranged in the first waist-shaped groove, and a first fixing piece protruding out of two sides opposite to the first fixing hole is arranged in the first fixing hole;
the upper tooth supporting component comprises two upper tooth hooks and a second connecting piece, the tops of the two upper tooth hooks are respectively connected with the second connecting piece and are respectively positioned at two opposite ends of the second connecting piece, the two upper tooth hooks are of L-shaped structures, the bottoms of the two upper tooth hooks extend obliquely downwards towards the inner sides of the upper tooth hooks, a second connecting column is arranged on the second connecting piece, a second waist-shaped groove is formed in the second connecting column, a second fixing hole is formed in the second waist-shaped groove, and second fixing pieces protruding out of two opposite sides of the second fixing hole are arranged in the second fixing hole;
the first adjusting part comprises a third connecting piece, a fourth connecting piece, a first adjusting rod, a first adjusting piece and a second adjusting piece, wherein a first rotating hole is formed in the first adjusting rod, the top of the third connecting piece penetrates through the first rotating hole and then is connected with the first adjusting piece, a first connecting hole matched with the first connecting column is formed in the bottom of the third connecting piece, first clamping grooves are formed in two opposite sides of the first connecting hole respectively, and two ends of the first fixing piece are located in the first clamping grooves respectively; the top of the fourth connecting piece is connected with the second adjusting piece, a second connecting hole matched with the second connecting column is formed in the bottom of the fourth connecting piece, second clamping grooves are formed in two opposite sides of the second connecting hole respectively, and two ends of the second fixing piece are located in the second clamping grooves respectively;
the first adjusting piece comprises a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft and a first rotating spanner cap, the third connecting piece penetrates through the first rotating hole and then is connected with the second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is connected with the second rotating shaft, the first rotating spanner cap is fixed on the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is in contact with the first adjusting rod, a plurality of positioning beads are arranged on the contact surface of the second rotating shaft and the first adjusting rod, positioning grooves matched with the positioning beads are arranged on the contact surface of the first adjusting rod and the second rotating shaft, the positioning beads and the positioning grooves are located on the same circular arc, a first limiting groove is further arranged on the first adjusting rod, a first limiting column is arranged on the second rotating shaft, and the first limiting column is located in the first limiting groove;
the two soft tissue opening assemblies are oppositely arranged, each soft tissue opening assembly comprises a plurality of inclined tooth hooks, a soft tissue baffle and a connecting round rod, the inclined tooth hooks are fixed at one ends of the soft tissue baffle, the lengths of the inclined tooth hooks positioned in the middle are larger than those of the inclined tooth hooks on the two sides, the other ends of the soft tissue baffle, which are opposite to the inclined tooth hooks, are connected with the connecting round rods, the connecting round rods are of curved arc structures, the connecting round rods are connected with the second adjusting parts, one ends of the connecting round rods, which are connected with the second adjusting parts, are the first ends, the ends of the connecting round rods, which are connected with the soft tissue baffle, are the second ends, and the distance between the first ends of the connecting round rods of the two soft tissue opening assemblies is larger than the distance between the second ends;
the two second adjusting parts comprise a fifth connecting piece, a second sliding sleeve, a second rotating gear, a second limiting baffle, a second pressing part, a second elastic piece and a second adjusting rod, wherein the connecting round rod is connected with the fifth connecting piece, the second sliding sleeve is sleeved on the second adjusting rod, the second sliding sleeve is connected with the fifth connecting piece, a third rotating hole is formed in the second sliding sleeve, the second rotating gear is located in the third rotating hole, a plurality of third clamping teeth are arranged on the second rotating gear, a plurality of fourth clamping teeth are arranged on the second adjusting rod, the third clamping teeth are in contact with the fourth clamping teeth, and the third clamping teeth are meshed with the fourth clamping teeth; the second sliding sleeve is also provided with a second limiting hole, the second limiting baffle is positioned in the second limiting hole, the second pressing part is connected with the second limiting baffle, the second elastic piece is positioned below the second pressing part, and the second pressing part is hinged with the second elastic piece;
the soft palate retractor comprises two soft palate retractor blades, lower tooth hook blades, a connecting part and a supporting part, wherein one end of the connecting part is connected with the soft palate retractor blades, the other end of the connecting part is connected with the supporting part, the supporting part is connected with the lower tooth hook blades, and the supporting part is of a semi-annular elastic structure.
2. The oral retractor system of claim 1, wherein the second adjustment member comprises a first sliding sleeve, a first rotating gear, a first limiting baffle, a first pressing portion and a first elastic member, wherein the first sliding sleeve is sleeved on the first adjustment rod, the first sliding sleeve is connected with the fourth connection member, a second rotating hole is formed in the first sliding sleeve, the first rotating gear is positioned in the second rotating hole, a plurality of first clamping teeth are formed in the first rotating gear, a plurality of second clamping teeth are formed in the first adjustment rod, the first clamping teeth are in contact with the second clamping teeth, and the first clamping teeth are meshed with the second clamping teeth; still be equipped with first spacing hole on the first slip sleeve, first limit baffle is located in the first spacing hole, first press the portion with first limit baffle links to each other, and first elastic component is located the below of first press the portion, and first press the portion with first elastic component articulates mutually.
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| CN113288244B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-10-21 | 中国人民解放军南部战区总医院 | Multifunctional oropharynx operation exposure device |
| CN114098859B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-11-01 | 自贡市第一人民医院 | Auxiliary adenoid body exposing device for nasopharynx part |
| CN114451939B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-11-24 | 浙江大学 | Multifunctional push-pull hook for orthopedic operation |
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