CN109743301B - Modbus protocol-based data receiving and transmitting system and method - Google Patents
Modbus protocol-based data receiving and transmitting system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a data receiving and transmitting system and method based on a Modbus protocol, wherein the system comprises a master station device and a slave station device, and the master station device comprises a data storage device; the master station device is used for receiving data streams from an upper computer; packaging the data stream to obtain a request message, storing the request message to a data storage device, reading the request message in the data storage device when the communication between the master station device and the slave station device is successful, and sending the request message to the slave station device in a Modbus-RTU format; the slave station device is used for receiving the request message, processing the request message, generating a response message and returning the response message to the master station device; the master station device is also used for receiving the response message, analyzing the response message and acquiring response data; and returning the response data to the upper computer. The technical scheme of the invention can save the operation time, and is convenient and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication protocols, in particular to a data receiving and transmitting system and method based on a Modbus protocol.
Background
The Modbus protocol is a general data transfer protocol applied to electronic controllers, defines message structures that a controller can recognize, describes the process of a controller requesting access to other devices, specifies how to respond to requests from other devices, and how to detect errors and record, and defines a common format for message fields and content, and the controllers communicate with each other and with other devices over a network, including various forms of networks, such as ethernet, according to the Modbus protocol. At present, when two devices communicate, a master device sends a request message, a slave device receives and analyzes the request message, and a response message is returned to the master device after corresponding operations are executed, so that information interaction is realized. However, when the communication between the devices is interrupted, for example, a network failure occurs, and the slave device cannot receive the request message sent by the master device, data needs to be input again, information interaction needs to be performed again, which wastes time and is cumbersome to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a data transceiving system and method based on a Modbus protocol.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a data transceiving system based on a Modbus protocol, which comprises a master station device and a slave station device, wherein the master station device comprises a data storage device.
The master station device is used for receiving a data stream from an upper computer, packaging the data stream, obtaining a request message, storing the request message into the data storage device, reading the request message in the data storage device when the master station device and the slave station device are successfully communicated, and sending the request message to the slave station device in a Modbus-RTU format.
And the slave station device is used for receiving the request message, processing the request message, generating a response message and returning the response message to the master station device.
And the master station device is also used for receiving the response message, analyzing the response message to obtain response data, and returning the response data to the upper computer.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a data transceiving method based on a Modbus protocol, including the following steps:
the master station device receives a data stream from an upper computer.
And packaging the data stream to obtain a request message, and storing the request message to a data storage device.
And when the master station device and the slave station device are successfully communicated, reading the request message in the data storage device, and sending the request message to the slave station device in a Modbus-RTU format.
And the slave station device receives the request message, processes the request message, generates a response message and returns the response message to the master station device.
The master station device receives the response message, analyzes the response message to obtain response data,
and returning the response data to the upper computer.
The Modbus protocol-based data transceiving system and method have the advantages that: receiving a data stream input by an upper computer, wherein the data stream comprises instruction data, configuring corresponding parameters for the instruction data according to the data stream, sequentially packaging the instruction data and the parameters to obtain a request message, storing the request message into a data storage device, deleting the request message after a set time, releasing a storage space, sending a communication request to a slave station device by a master station device, establishing a communication connection between the master station device and the slave station device when the slave station device is available, and sending the request message to the slave station device by the master station device; if the slave station device is temporarily unavailable and cannot be connected, the master station device can send a communication request to the slave station device at regular intervals until the slave station device responds to the communication request, communication connection is established, data stream re-input is avoided, the slave station device receives the communication request and then processes the communication request, corresponding action is executed according to the instruction data, a corresponding response message is generated after the action is finished, the response message is returned to the master station device, the master station device analyzes the response message to obtain response data, the response data are returned to the upper computer, data interaction is achieved, and the instruction completion condition can be known through the upper computer. According to the technical scheme, the request message is stored in the data storage device, and when the master station device and the slave station device are in communication connection, the request message can be automatically sent to the slave station device without inputting a data stream again, so that the operation time is shortened, and the method is convenient and efficient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transceiving system based on a Modbus protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a master station apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a data structure diagram of a read request packet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a data structure diagram of a write request message according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a data structure diagram of a read response packet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a data structure diagram of a write response packet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of sending a read request packet to a slave device in a Modbus-RTU format according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation result diagram of a write request message in the Modbus-RTU mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of simulation results of write-in slave addresses in Modbus-RTU mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of writing write function codes in a Modbus-RTU mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a simulation result diagram of write command data in the Modbus-RTU mode according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of writing write check codes in a Modbus-RTU mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic flowchart of a data transceiving method based on a Modbus protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a data transceiving system based on a Modbus protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a master station apparatus and a slave station apparatus, where the master station apparatus includes a data storage apparatus.
The master station device is used for receiving a data stream from an upper computer, packaging the data stream, obtaining a request message, storing the request message into the data storage device, reading the request message in the data storage device when the master station device and the slave station device are successfully communicated, and sending the request message to the slave station device in a Modbus-RTU format.
And the slave station device is used for receiving the request message, processing the request message, generating a response message and returning the response message to the master station device.
The master station device is further used for receiving the response message returned by the slave station device, analyzing the response message to obtain response data, and returning the response data to the upper computer.
In the embodiment, a data stream input by a host computer is received, the data stream comprises instruction data, corresponding parameters are configured for the instruction data according to the data stream, the instruction data and the parameters are sequentially packaged to obtain request messages, the request messages are stored in a data storage device, the request messages can be deleted after a set time, a storage space is released, the master station device sends communication requests to the slave station device, when the slave station device is available, a communication connection between the master station device and the slave station device is established, the master station device sends the request messages to the slave station device, if the slave station device is temporarily unavailable and cannot be connected, the master station device can send the communication requests to the slave station device at regular intervals until the slave station device responds to the communication requests, the communication connection is established, the data stream is prevented from being input again, the slave station device receives the communication requests and then processes the communication requests, and executing corresponding action according to the instruction data, generating a corresponding response message after the action is finished, returning the response message to the master station device, analyzing the response message by the master station device to obtain response data, and returning the response data to the upper computer, so that data interaction is realized, and the instruction completion condition can be known through the upper computer. According to the technical scheme, the request message is stored in the data storage device, and when the master station device and the slave station device are in communication connection, the request message can be automatically sent to the slave station device without inputting a data stream again, so that the operation time is shortened, and the method is convenient and efficient.
Specifically, the master station device and the slave station device are both Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) controllers, the data storage device is a First-in-First-out (fifo) memory, programming is performed by using Verilog hardware description language, the request message includes a read request message and a write request message, a response message corresponding to the read request message is a read response message, and a response message corresponding to the write request message is a write response message. The master station device is connected with the upper computer through a serial port and can be connected with the slave station device through Ethernet or the serial port.
Preferably, the request packet includes a function code, and the master station apparatus is specifically configured to:
and configuring a plurality of parameters for the data stream according to the data stream, and sequentially packaging the data stream and the plurality of parameters into a frame to obtain the request message.
And determining the type of the request message according to the function code, and storing the request message to the data storage device in a classified manner, wherein the request messages of the same type are stored together.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the master station apparatus includes a synchronization register, a 10-to-1 multiplexer, a cache register, a message read/write module, and a message sending module, which are electrically connected in sequence, and further includes a baud rate selection module, a frequency division counter, and a baud rate clock, which are electrically connected in sequence, where the baud rate clock is electrically connected to the 10-to-1 multiplexer, the synchronization register is electrically connected to the upper computer, and the message sending module is connected to the slave station apparatus. The data stream comprises instruction data and communication parameters, the communication parameters comprise baud rate and the like, the request message comprises slave addresses, function codes, instruction data and check codes, the type of the request message comprises a read request message and a write request message, a response message corresponding to the read request message is a read response message, and a response message corresponding to the write request message is a write response message. As shown in fig. 3, the data structure diagram of the read request message, in the read request message, the instruction data includes the register start address and the number of read registers; as shown in fig. 4, in the data structure diagram of the write request message, in the write request message, the instruction data includes a register start address, the number of read registers, and data to be written. The method comprises the steps that firstly, signals transmitted by an upper computer are synchronized through a synchronous register, a metastable state is eliminated, instruction data comprise 8-bit data bits, 1 start bit and 1 end bit, a baud rate is set to be 9600 through a baud rate selection module and is the same as the baud rate of the upper computer, when the start bit is at a low level, a baud rate clock is started, data bits are sent, and the end bit is used for marking and stopping sending. In order to ensure the reliability of data transmission, the frequency division counter can be used for transmitting by adopting Veri log 16 frequency division, so that 10-bit data needs to be counted for 160 times, when the frequency division counter is counted for 160 times, an output signal is set to be 1, which represents that one byte is transmitted, and a baud rate clock is cleared. The 10 bits of data are sequentially transferred to the cache register through a 10-to-1 multiplexer. The message read-write module configures corresponding parameters for the 10-bit instruction data in the cache register, wherein the parameters comprise slave addresses, function codes and check codes, and sequentially writes the slave addresses, the function codes, the instruction data and the check codes in sequence, and then packages the slave addresses, the function codes, the instruction data and the check codes to obtain the request message. And determining the type of the request message according to the function code, and storing the request message to a data storage device in a classified manner. The request message is stored in a data storage device, so that the request message can be conveniently read when needed. And when the master station device and the slave station device are successfully communicated, the message reading and writing module reads the request message in the data storage device and sends the request message to the slave station device through the message sending module.
Preferably, the master station apparatus is specifically configured to:
and sending a communication request to the slave station device at every interval of the calibration time until response information returned by the slave station device is received, establishing communication connection between the master station device and the slave station device, and successfully communicating the master station device and the slave station device.
Specifically, the master station device sends a communication request to the slave station device, wherein the communication request comprises a baud rate and the like, when the slave station device receives the communication request, the slave station device verifies whether data such as the baud rate and the like are correct, and if the data pass the verification, communication success information is returned to the master station device, so that communication connection is established; if the authentication fails, communication failure information is returned to the master station device. When the slave device does not receive the communication request, the master device transmits the communication request to the slave device every predetermined time until the slave device returns the response information. The master station device can automatically communicate with the slave station device without manually establishing connection, so that the operation time is saved, and the device is convenient and efficient.
Preferably, the request packet further includes a check code and instruction data, and the slave station apparatus is specifically configured to:
and receiving the request message sent by the master station device, and analyzing the request message to obtain the check code and the instruction data.
And verifying the check code in the request message, and executing corresponding action according to the instruction data when the verification is passed.
And generating the corresponding response message after the action is executed, and sending the response message to the master station device in a Modbus-RTU format.
Specifically, after receiving the request message, the slave station device parses the request message to obtain a slave address, a function code, instruction data, and a check code, where the check code may be represented by a CRC _ rx _ code, and compares and verifies the check code with a set value, and the check code after verification may be represented by a CRC _ done _ code, and if the check code is consistent with the set value, the verification is passed, it is determined that there is no error in the request message during transmission, and the type of the request message is determined according to the function code, for example: when the function code is 03, the corresponding request message is a read request message; and when the function code is 06, the corresponding request message is a write request message. When the request message is a read request message, the register start address and the read register number in the instruction data are read, the data in the corresponding register is read according to the register start address and the read register number, for example, the data in the register a and the register B are read, the number of returned bytes corresponding to the data is obtained, and then the slave address, the function code and the number of returned bytes in the request message, the data in the register a, the data in the register B, and the verified check code are sequentially encapsulated to obtain a read response message, such as the data structure of the read response message shown in fig. 5.
When the request message is a write request message, the register start address, the number of read registers, and the data to be written in the instruction data are read, the data to be written in is sequentially written in the corresponding registers, and the slave address, the function code, the register start address, the number of read registers, the data to be written, and the check code after verification are rewritten and encapsulated to obtain a write response message, such as the data structure of the write response message shown in fig. 6.
Preferably, the slave station apparatus is further configured to:
and when the verification fails, generating a verification failure message and returning the verification failure message to the master station device.
Specifically, when the check code verification fails, the slave address, the function code, the verification failure information and the verification completion check code are directly written and encapsulated to obtain a verification failure message, and the verification failure message is returned to the master station device to inform the master station device that an error occurs in the data transmission process. It is convenient to correct and re-input in time.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a schematic flow chart of sending a read request message to a slave device in a Modbus-RTU format is shown.
110, when sending the read request message to the slave station device, first the message read-write module reads the read request message in the data storage device, and transmits the read request message to the message sending module, where the read request message includes slave address data (addr), functional code data (fun _ code), register start address data (reg _ addr), register number data (reg _ quality), and check code data (CRC _ rx _ code).
And 120, the message sending module takes the data _ receive _ done signal in the process of writing the request message as an input mark signal, and when the data _ receive _ done signal is set to be 1, the Modbus-RTU mode is started.
130, in Modbus-RTU mode, first, count 1 counter counts 3.5 character time interval, count3_5ms is used as flag signal, count3_5ms flag signal is set to 1, when count3_5ms flag signal is set to 1, frame start rx _ head is set to 1, and rx _ head is set to 0, and the cnt1 counter is turned off, and then the cnt2 counter of 1.5 characters is turned on.
140, the message sending module writes the received slave address data (addr) into data [63:56] in the output message, and the output message is in a Modbus-RTU format of a read request message.
150, writing the received functional code data (fun _ code) into the data [55:48] in the output message within 1.5 character time after writing the slave address data (addr), if the cnt2 counter does not count 1.5 characters, keeping a state for waiting data writing, if the cnt2 counter counts 1.5 character time and still does not write the functional code data, considering the functional code data as an error message frame, exiting the writing process and counting 3.5 character time again.
160, writing the received register start address data (reg _ addr) into the data [47:32] of the output message within 1.5 character time after writing the functional code data (fun _ code).
170, writing the received register quantity data (reg _ quality) to the data [31:16] of the output packet within 1.5 character time after writing the register start address data (reg _ addr).
And 180, writing the received check code data (CRC _ rx _ code) into the data [31:16] of the output message within 1.5 character time after the register number data (reg _ quality) is written, wherein if the cnt2 counter counts 1.5 character time and the next data is not written, the next data is considered to be an error message frame.
190, after the check code data (CRC _ rx _ code) is written, taking a CRC _ tx _ done signal as a flag, resetting the frame start bit rx _ head to 0, closing the cnt2 counter, completing writing of the output message, and sending the output message to the slave station device. As shown in fig. 8, in the process of generating the request message, the slave address (addr), the function code (fun _ code), the register start address (reg _ addr), the register number (reg _ quantity), and the check code (CRC _ rx _ code) are sequentially written, and finally, the data _ receive _ done is used as a flag signal for data stream writing and classification completion.
As shown in fig. 9, in the process of generating the request message, the first byte is written after 3.5ms, and the correspondingly written data is the slave address (addr).
As shown in fig. 10, in the process of generating the request message, after the slave address is written, the second byte is written in about 1ms (less than 1.5ms), and the correspondingly written data is the function code (fun _ code).
As shown in fig. 11, in the process of generating the request message, after the functional code is written, 1ms (less than 1.5ms) is written into the third byte, which corresponds to the high byte (reg _ addr [15:8]) of the start address of the write register.
As shown in fig. 12, in the process of generating the request message, the last byte, i.e., the lower eight bits of the check code (CRC _ rx _ code [7:0]), is written, and after completion, the message transmission completion flag signal CRC _ tx _ done is set to 1.
In the whole process of generating the request message, except that the first byte needs to be delayed for 3.5ms to be sent, each other byte is sent about 1ms apart, and the total time is about 10.5 ms.
As shown in fig. 13, an embodiment of the present invention provides a data transceiving method based on a Modbus protocol, where the method includes the following steps:
and 210, receiving a data stream from an upper computer by the master station device.
And 220, encapsulating the data stream, obtaining a request message, and storing the request message to a data storage device.
And 230, when the master station device and the slave station device are successfully communicated, reading the request message in the data storage device, and sending the request message to the slave station device in a Modbus-RTU format.
And 240, the slave station device receives the request message, processes the request message, generates a response message, and returns the response message to the master station device.
250, the master station device receives the response message returned by the slave station device, analyzes the response message to obtain response data,
and returning the response data to the upper computer.
Preferably, the request packet includes a function code, and encapsulating the data stream to obtain the request packet, and storing the request packet in the data storage device specifically includes the following steps:
and configuring a plurality of parameters for the data stream according to the data stream, and sequentially packaging the data stream and the plurality of parameters into a frame to obtain the request message.
And determining the type of the request message according to the function code, and storing the request message to the data storage device in a classified manner, wherein the request messages of the same type are stored together.
Preferably, the successful communication between the master station apparatus and the slave station apparatus specifically includes the following steps:
and sending a communication request to the slave station device at intervals of a set time until response information returned by the slave station device is received, establishing communication connection between the master station device and the slave station device, and successfully communicating the master station device and the slave station device.
Preferably, the request packet further includes a check code and instruction data, the processing the request packet to generate a response packet, and the returning the response packet to the master station apparatus specifically includes the following steps:
and receiving the request message sent by the master station device, and analyzing the request message to obtain the check code and the instruction data.
And verifying the check code in the request message, and executing corresponding action according to the instruction data when the verification is passed.
And generating the corresponding response message after the action is executed, and returning the response message to the master station device in a Modbus-RTU format.
Preferably, the step of verifying the check code in the request message further includes the following steps:
and when the verification fails, generating a verification failure message and returning the verification failure message to the master station device.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A data receiving and transmitting system based on a Modbus protocol is characterized by comprising a master station device and a slave station device, wherein the master station device comprises a data storage device;
the master station device is used for receiving a data stream from an upper computer, packaging the data stream, obtaining a request message, storing the request message into the data storage device, reading the request message in the data storage device when the master station device and the slave station device are successfully communicated, and sending the request message to the slave station device in a Modbus-RTU format;
the slave station device is used for receiving the request message, processing the request message, generating a response message and returning the response message to the master station device;
the master station device is also used for receiving the response message, analyzing the response message to obtain response data and returning the response data to the upper computer;
the master station device is specifically configured to:
and sending a communication request to the slave station device at every interval of the calibration time until response information returned by the slave station device is received, establishing communication connection between the master station device and the slave station device, and successfully communicating the master station device and the slave station device.
2. The Modbus protocol-based data transceiver system of claim 1, wherein the request packet includes a function code, and the master station apparatus is specifically configured to:
configuring a plurality of parameters for the data stream according to the data stream, and sequentially packaging the data stream and the plurality of parameters into a frame to obtain the request message;
and determining the type of the request message according to the function code, and storing the request message to the data storage device in a classified manner, wherein the request messages of the same type are stored together.
3. The Modbus protocol-based data transceiving system of any of claims 1, wherein the request message further comprises a check code and instruction data, and the slave device is specifically configured to:
receiving the request message sent by the master station device, and analyzing the request message to obtain the check code and the instruction data;
verifying the check code in the request message, and executing corresponding action according to the instruction data when the verification is passed;
and generating the corresponding response message after the action is executed, and returning the response message to the master station device in a Modbus-RTU format.
4. The Modbus protocol-based data transceiving system of claim 3, wherein the slave device is further configured to:
and when the verification fails, generating a verification failure message and returning the verification failure message to the master station device.
5. A data transceiving method based on a Modbus protocol is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the master station device receives a data stream from an upper computer;
packaging the data stream to obtain a request message, and storing the request message to a data storage device;
when the master station device and the slave station device are successfully communicated, reading the request message in the data storage device, and sending the request message to the slave station device in a Modbus-RTU format;
the slave station device receives the request message, processes the request message, generates a response message and returns the response message to the master station device;
the master station device receives the response message, analyzes the response message to obtain response data,
returning the response data to the upper computer;
the successful communication between the master station device and the slave station device specifically comprises the following steps:
and sending a communication request to the slave station device at intervals of a set time until response information returned by the slave station device is received, establishing communication connection between the master station device and the slave station device, and successfully communicating the master station device and the slave station device.
6. The Modbus protocol-based data transceiving method according to claim 5, wherein the request message comprises a function code, and encapsulating the data stream, obtaining the request message, and storing the request message in the data storage device specifically comprises the following steps:
configuring a plurality of parameters for the data stream according to the data stream, and sequentially packaging the data stream and the plurality of parameters into a frame to obtain the request message;
and determining the type of the request message according to the function code, and storing the request message to the data storage device in a classified manner, wherein the request messages of the same type are stored together.
7. The data transceiving method based on the Modbus protocol according to claim 6, wherein the request packet further includes a check code and instruction data, the processing of the request packet to generate a response packet, and the returning of the response packet to the master station device specifically includes the following steps:
receiving the request message sent by the master station device, and analyzing the request message to obtain the check code and the instruction data;
verifying the check code in the request message, and executing corresponding action according to the instruction data when the verification is passed;
and generating the corresponding response message after the action is executed, and returning the response message to the master station device in a Modbus-RTU format.
8. The Modbus protocol-based data transceiving method according to claim 7, wherein the step of verifying the check code in the request message further comprises the following steps:
and when the verification fails, generating a verification failure message and returning the verification failure message to the master station device.
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| CN111130970A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 深圳市无眼界科技有限公司 | Communication method based on modbus communication protocol |
| CN111683038A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-09-18 | 许继集团有限公司 | Fire alarm control system data processing method and device based on modbus protocol |
| CN112487271A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 浪潮通用软件有限公司 | Data acquisition method, system, equipment and medium |
| CN112637027B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-11-08 | 北京神经元网络技术有限公司 | Frame boundary defining device based on UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter), transmitting method and receiving method |
| CN112995133B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-04-18 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Analysis method, device and system based on modbus protocol |
| CN113132468B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-02-25 | 珠海科创电力电子有限公司 | Communication method, communication device, communication system and storage medium based on ModbusTCP protocol |
| CN117201229B (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2024-02-20 | 横川机器人（深圳）有限公司 | Communication method, system and storage medium |
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